Nebraska Newspapers

    THE BEE; OMAHA, MONDAY, JANUARY 10, 1910.
15
CITY CHIEF NEWS
Bdt Root rrlmt lv
r. (-woboU Certified iewutai'.
Z,lf htliiff rixtarea, Barreee-Orandea Co,
Binehart, Fbotofrapher, llth A Farnara. i
Ktyn. photo, removed to llth Howard.
1C8C national Ufa Inaartnoe Co 1SXS
Uai!e K. Ady, General Asent. Omaha.
"Zty Us firs for Fuel.- Nebraska Fuel
Co.. 1411 Farnam 81 Both 'Phonea.
Xqultable Life Policies sight drafts at
maturity. .11. V. Neely, manager,-Omaha.
loci Ownership la tho nope of every
family. Nebraska Havings and Loan Ana'n.
will show you the way. 10S Hoard of Trade
l;ldg., 16th and Farnam.
Keep Yoar Money an Talnablea In the
American Safe teposit Vaulta In the Bea
building;, tl rents a box.
Xayden Broa. will have a rare treat for
inualc buyers all this week. Mr. Bam
Fox, the popular violinist and composer,
will play every day and will especially
Illustrate the beautiful new flower sons;,
"Dream of the Flowers," besides many
others. ' "
Eight Takes In Bald An alleged gamb
ling resort at 41 Houth Fifteenth street
was rahlod last night by Sergeants Pls
wart, KaniuelRon- and Madsen and Detec
tives Maloney and Van Dusen. night al
lowed participants In games, all white, were
locked up. A quantity of cards, chips,
money, etc., was secured as evidence.
Mr. John W. Sward and Mr. O. O. Ed
wards of San FrancUro, Cal., are regis
tered at the Hotel Loyal. Messrs Sward
and Edws.rds are exploiting the eucalyp
tus hard 'wood Industry In California
and are the gentlemen wftoso display of
hard wood at the National Corn exposi
tion a few weeka ago, waa a feature of
th show. '" t
Oeneral Btandarson's Biography Oeneral
Charles F. Manderson Is writing a series of
autobiographical sketches for the Omaha
Excelsior, In which paper they are being
published weekly. Oenerat Manderson has
so far furnished two articles, dealing with
hlk army experiences, which are very In
teresting. The series will extend over a
period of several months.
' Bealty Bought for Investment Con
siderable vacant Omaha property is being
bought at present for an investment with
no idea of the buyer to improve the
proimi ly. . LeoaarJ Everett cf Council
Bluffs seems to be making a specialty
of buying vacant property on Farnam
street. lie has closed a deal for the
southwest corner of Twenty-seventh and
Farnam, 132x134 feet, for $13,200, a price
of )100 a front foot. He haa also bought
115 feet adjoining the Kountxa Memorial
church on ithe west for 313,000. He haa
bought from A. P. Tukey & Son 200 feet
. ut Thirty-first and Farnam street for
?i 3,000.
Simple ReaieAr tor Lasjrlppe.
LsgHppe roughs are dangerous, as they
frequently develop Into pneumonia. Foley's
Honey and Tar not only stops the cough,
but h-ala and strengthens the lungs so that
no serious results need be feared. Tha
genuine Foley's Honey and Tar contains
no harmful drugs and is in a yellow pack
age. Sold by all druggists.
MAYOn SPURNS FREE RIDE
AND WALKS FOR APPETITE
flr'timr tu Accept Pass from City
Ilnllrr Inspector to Oct Trip
Oralis.
City Boiler Inspector "Bob" Wolfe is, or
was, the owner of a horse that he consid
ered a regular Bucephalus, close ' kin to
Rarus, .an4 j)J (the .same strain as famed
Abdallnh. ' - i .
Among other city hall attaches, however,
a different opinion was held. Assistant
Gas CommlKsloner'Butler asserted once
that it took Wolfe and his horse from early
yesterday to the day after tomorrow to
travel from his home to a boiler plant out
north. Tom Flyhn Is credited with saying
that If a fly didn't move any faster than
Wolfe's horse It would starve to death.
Recently Mayor Pahlman was starting
from the city hall to lunch at the
Hensnuw. Wolfe Was Just unhitching his
horse at the front door.
"Jump in, mayor, erhd 1 11 take you down
In my buggy," said Mr. Wolfe, with impres
sive generosity.
"Is this the pony I hear so much about?"
inquired tha mayor, with that caution all
real horsemen acquire sooner or later.
"The same animal," replied Wolfe, inno
cently, smiling even more comfortably.
"Well, Bob, I'll walk down and ret my
lunch, .and meet you when you get to tha
Henshaw,"' said the mayor, and passed on.
Wolfe either sold or Shot tha horse, aa tha
story goes.
A medicine need not be disagreeable to
be effective. Chamberlain's Cough Remedy
Is plvatant to take and always cures.
By Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound
Black Duck, Minn. "About a year
ro l wrote you that 1 was sick and
could not do any of
my housework. M ,
sickness was called
Retroflexion. When
1 would sit down I
felt as if I could not
Jet up. I took
iTdia E. Pinkham'a
Vegetable Com
pound and did just
as you told me and
now I am perfectly
cured, and have a
big babr hnv."
JUTS. ANNA ANDERSON, VOX 19, JiULClC
Duck, Minn.
Consider This Advice,
No woman should submit to a surgi.
cal operation, which may moan death,
until she has Riven Lydia K. l'inkham's
Vegetable Compound, made exclusive
ly from roots and herbs, a fair trial.
This famous medicine for women
has for thirty years proved to be the
most valuable tonic and invifroratorof
the female organism. Women resid
ing in almost every city and town in
the Uniutd States bear willing testi
. roony to the wonderful virtue of Lydia
35. l'inkham's Vegetable Compound.
It cures female ills, and creates radi
ant, buoyant female health. If you
are ill, for your own sake as veil as
those you love, give it a trial.
Mrs. Pinkham, at Lynn, Mass
invites all tick women to write
lier for ad vice. Her advise ia free,
smuI aiwuys lieJitui,
A . A J .
'MOTHER
u WMAN
CUBED
Some Things You Want to Know
i
Turbulent Central America Rivalry of Leon and Granada.
In order to understand what haa nap
pened of late In Nicaragua the reader must
remember that almost from the day they
were founded there haa existed a bitter
rivalry between tha cities of Leon and
Oranada. These ara tha two most Impor
tant cities in the republic and from lime
Immemorial have been competitors in bua
Inesa. But their opposition has not halted
there. In opinion, in Intellectual activi
ties, and, above all. In politics, they have
been arrayed agalnat each other. In fact
tha early history of Nicaragua la merely a
chronicle of revolutions fomented first by
one and then by the other of these cities.
Leon haa been a stronghold of the liberal
party slnoa 1821. Oranada has been Just as
consistently conservative. The various
contests for tha presidency have been, gen
erally speaking, struggles betwrn ilie
candidates of tha two cities. Leon, 't Is
true, has had tha advantage of popula
tion, but Oranada has always been the
richer and more cultured, and so in politi
cal Influence they have been nearly equal.
But for a good many years Oranada was
in tha ascendency. After the dissolution
of tha union of the Central American re
publics in 1838 the control of tha conserva
tive party that la to Bay. of Oranada
fell Into the hands of a half doien families
tha Chamorros, the Zavalas, the Carde
nasea, the Cuadraa, and the Macasaa more
especially. Among the liberals there were
no auch dynasties. Their leaders stood
quit alone. Wben at rare intervals hjy
forged their way to office it waa through
Individual prowesa rather than with me
help of influential family connections,
and when they fell, as they usually did
after a brief tenure of power, to be dis
placed by conservative candidates, Ui?y
left no heirs. B-it the conservatives had
trouble among themselvea. Sometimes they
did queer things. It was a Chamorro, for
instance, who brought Walker into Nica
ragua, and who was afterward shot by
the. great American adventurer.
In time the presidential succession be
came practically restricted to the families
of Chamorro, Zavala and Cardenas. The
liberals .In Leon looked around for a
leader. They found him In Trinidad Ca
banas, of Honduras. One of the curious
things about Central America is that if
you are a cltlsen of one of the little re
publics you are a cltlsen of all the rest,
and can dabble in their politics aa freely
aa you can in your own country's. So
Trinidad waa warmly welcomed in Leon,
and made himself an important place in
Nicaraguan politics that la, until Don
Fruto Chamorro went in search of his
scalp. Don Fruto, having disposed of Ca
banas, made himself supreme dictator, and
the liberals found themselves once more
out In the cold.
Supreme dictator was the style affected
by the rulers of Nicaragua down to the
time of President Zavala. Zavala promul
gated a constitution and assumed the pres
idential title. His predecessors had been
Irresponsible despots, holding themselves
accountable to Ood, and not very much
accountable even In that direction. But
Zavala Raw the signs of the times. He
It was who tried to smooth out the animos
ities of Leon and Granada. He brought to
gether thQ representatives of the two cities,
and induced them to locate tho capital of
the republic at Managua This town was
acceptable to the rival cities, possibly for
the fact that it waa a small, insignificant
and unhealthy place. Managua haa con
tinued to be the capital, though It hasn't
Improved very much over what it was In
Zavala's time, and la still Inferior Iih prac
tically every point to Leon and Oranada.
But this well-intentioned plan did not al
lay the Jealousies of tha two cities, and
down to the present day their quarrels
have been a frequent cause of bloodshed
and revolution.
Joso Santos Zelaya, late president of
Nicaragua, is one of the boldest, most
skillful and most unscrupulous politicians
that haa ever flourished in Central
America or elsewhere. For sixteen years
he maintained himself in power by playing
upon the inherited hatreda of these two
cities. If hla growing unpopularity led to
a revolutionary outbreak in Leon, he in
cited Oranada to suppress it; and Oranada,
anxious to feed fat the ancient grudge,
hurried to do hla bidding. And when
Oranada rebelled, as it did once in awhile,
Leon was only too willing to even up tha
score. By, deftly . balancing the factions,
Zelaya made himself tha master of Nic
aragua, and one of the most formidable
figures in Central America.
On assuming the presidency, one of
Zelay's first acta waa to Institute his now
famous policy f concessions. Of course,
there is a good deal of reticence about the
way In which these oon "sessions were par
ECHOES OF THE ANTE-ROOM
Royal Areasim Banqjaet Oae of Bia;
Features of Fraternal Life
Darin Week.
Ona of tha most ImDortant and enjoyable
gatherings of the Arcanlans held in Omaha
f . . i. .. I . .
ill rruem ywil wb uiv vwMtwt, v.
Koyal Arcanum banquet given at the Mil
lard hotel Wednesday evening. The af
fair was attended by nearly 100 members
of the order, representing the three Omaha
councils and many of the members of the
Orand council, including Grand Regent
Paul B. Harm. The spread was for the
honor members of the order who had se
cured new members during th Isst two
months and to outline plans for further
work during the winter and spring months.
So successful was the affair that it was
voted to repeat it in April before the meet
ing of the Orand council, when a Orand
K mint's clasa will be initiated into the
order. ,
Kdward 8. Thompson of Union Pacific
council acted as toastmaster during tha
evening. Responses were as follows:
"Pioneer Council 118," Kdward L. Brad
ley, regent.
"ITnion Pacific Council IOCS," Stanley P.
Boxtwlck. regent.
"Overland Council 2123," Charles C. Sund
blad. past regent.
"Early Days," James W. Maynard, past
regent.
"Nineteen Hundred Ten," Hiram Lan
caster, deputy grand regfnt.
"Our Order," Paul B. Harm, grand
regent.
, "Toe Spirit of Altruism," Rjv. Frank La
Fa yet to Loveland.
Omaha lodge No. I. Odd Fellows, will
have two candidates for the first degree
next Friday evening.
Beacon lodge No. 20, will confer tha first
degree Tuesday evening.
Next Saturday evening Heuperlan En
campment No. 2. will install Its officers
for the nil term. Triangle encampment
and South Omaha encampment have b'fn
invited to be present. Refreshments will
be served at the cioM of the ceremonies.
At the meeting? of tha various lodges
h.-ld during the last week these officers
vr installed:
Omaha No. t, Frank W. Allwlne, noble
grand; F. W. Whitney, vice grand; S. K.
Uret-nlfaf, secretary and F. B. Bryant,
treasurer.
Slate lodge No. 10, Hans Khlora, noble
firand; L. S. Shlr.rock. vice grand; C. M.
Coffin, sucretary, and C. A. Wagner,
treasurer.
I Beacon lodge No. 20. R H. Oash, noble
, Brand: Frank W. Vlck. vice grand; Robert
, Lmberg. stcrctary and H. Friedman,
J In-asurtr.
Wasa lodge No. IKS, John A. Wsasman.
noble grand; John F. Ekwell, vice grand;
I Richard Johmion, secretary and John Lar
j son, treasurer.
A surprise party was iilven (he Mlrln.
offlctrs of George Crook corps. No. sit, last
wek by the members of Crook o. Nfc.
As the ourp was about t eli s t.V
meeting the comrades of the i':.st mado a
celled out Thra wtre features connected
With them from the atart that nobody waa
anxloua to make public. But briefly stated,
the system was something Ilka this: If
Zelaya or some of his henchman saw any
body making money In any line of business,
one of the latter applied to the government
for a grant of a monopoly In that line,
The franchise would then be aold. either to
tha hapless merchants, whose success was
responsible for the fuheme, or to some
body else w ho would set aside a consider
able share, say 26 per cent of the profits,
for Zelaya.
Not all of the concessions were out-and-out
monopolies, but practically all had
monopolistic! features, Eventually there
came to bs franchises for the exclusive use
of certain klnda of vessels on Lake
Nicaragua, on tha an Juan river and on
the Escondldo river. When Zelaya came
into power tha concession on the San Juan
was held by a Frenchman, who nd mar
ried the daughter of President Zavala. As
It then stood the concession was not a
monopoly. Keiaya took it away from tha
Frenchman, niade It a monoply, and
granted It to a new concessionaire with tha
usual stipulations for the benefit of tha
presidential pocket-book. There were mono
polistic concession on nails, kerosene,
cattle, dynamite tobacco, whiskey, gro
ceries and shoes. Sometimes the conces
sion would- apply only to a certain district,
beyond the limits of which similar con
cessions would be made to other persons.
This waa done with regard to shoes, tha
sale of which was conducted exclusively
by one firm on the Atlantic coast, and was
equally the exclusive function of another
company ou the Paulfls coast.
One of the most important of the con
censlons granted by Zelaya was made about
five years ago to .an. American named
Keltrick. Mr. Deltrtck Is said to represent
a group of Pittsburg capitalists. He en
joyed the exclusive right to exploit every
kind of mineral deposit, whether new mines
or abandoned ones, in a region comprising
some 10.000 square miles, excepting, of
oourae, mines actually being operated by
nthar person. Along w'th this rl'ht went
othera almost equally valuable, in return
Deltrtck undertook to pay the Nicaraguan
government a fixed sum per aiyhum, Im
prove the navigation of tha Wanks river
and create a town at Cape Oracias. This
franchise, in spits of 'the temporary sot
back sustained by the company as a re
sult of the adjostment of tha boundary be
tween Nicaragua and Honduras, by which
its operations were restricted to tha south
bank of the Wanks river, I still a "going
concern." It is worth noting that the
whisky concession in tha Blueflelda district
was originally granted to Juan Kstrada,
the leader of the rebel forces..
-. An incident- which explains Zclaya's
methods may be appropriately related here.
It Is the comic-opera, story of the wharf
concession at Blueflelds. A wharf was un
questionably heeded, but not the kind of
two-by-four affair that was erected. For
his , trouble tha promoter, waa to receive
a large sum, and to get it by collecting a
small fee on every package landed at the
wharf. Of course this arrangement was
by no means satisfactory to the Bluefields
merchants, and they protested ao vigorously
that Zelaya waa at length compelled to
cancel the concession. But as the promoter
had done the work, and was legally entitled
to his pay, something had to be found for
him. So Zelaya issued a decree raising the
already heavy customs duties at Bluefields
and. assigned a part, of the proceeds to the
builder of the wharf. Tha result was to
put the price of living in Nicaragua up to
an altitudlnoua level, especially in . Blue
fields. Before Estrada took up arms
against Zelaya, butter sold In Bluefields
for SI. 40 a pound and tobacco A for 83.
Estrada abolished the concessions on both
articles.' The price of butter has dropped
to 40 cer.ta per pound and tobacco has
cheapened proportionately.
The concessions weighed heavily upon all
the people of Nicaragua upon Leon as upon
Granada but Zelaya was nqt content there
with. Arbitrary arrest of his enemies still
further tended to unite the mass of the
people against him. For tha first time in
Nicaraguan history the two rival cftles
found ' themselves driven into alliance
agalnat the common enemy. At laal evtn
Zclaya's cleverness was unavailing to keep
liberal and conservative apart. Here ia the
fact which insured the success of Estrada's
campaign. But that neither city has per
manently burled tha hatchet is a aafe as
sertion. What they will do in the future,
once tha present emergency has passed,
it is difficult to foretell.
Br TtTUtDXXlO 3. OASXXH.
Tomorrow TTTKaTJXEm . OXSTTBAXi
AMEJaiCA Politics In jrioaragua.
descent on the hall, laden with-basketa of
refreshments. Two large tables were
quickly arranged for the banquet and all
Joined in disposing of the suhstantlals, and
pronounced the affair one of the happiest
In the history of the post and corps.
A public Installation of tha new officers
of Benson camp No. 28, Woodmn of the
World, Will take place at tha Eagle audi
torium Wednesday evening, Januury 19, the
installation ceremonies being presided over
by State Manager Edward. Walsh. A musi
cal and literary program will be rendered,
followed by cards and clears, after the In
stallation ceremonies. This meeting will
be open to members and prospective mem
bers, and any man between the age of 18
and bi years will be cordially welcome.
The Omaha Zion society will hold Its bi
monthly meeting Sunday afternoon at 8:30
o'clock In Modern Woodmen hall. Continen
tal block, Fifteenth and Douglas streets
Nomination and election of officers for the
ensuing term will be held, also tho election
of delegates to the Thirteenth annual con
vention of the order of Knight of Zion to
be held in Chicago, January 28-Sl. An In
teresting program will be carried out. Mr.
Mosrr of Lincoln, a noted Zion worker, will
be present and address the meeting.
Pansy camp No. 10, Royal Neighbors of
America, will hold a public installation of
its nw officers in Modern Woodmen hall,
Fifteenth and Douglas streets, Tuesday
evening, January 18.
Clan Gordon, No. 81, met Tuesday night.
One new candidate waa balloted on and ona
new name proDosed. The new nfftnera rn.
1910 were formally Installed, following wh'ch
came a program of music. All preparations
are completed for the Burns' concert tnd
ball at Chamber's academy. Twenty-fifth
and Farnam streets, the evening of Janu
ary 25.
Plasterers' union. No. 4, elected the fol
lowing nffinnra f . Ih. n ...... i . ..
last meeting: president. James Stribllng;
" iiiusm. v. i-. onieias: nnanclai sec
retary, W. A. Soott; treasurer. Charles
Hafkett: reonrrilnv imiiai-v a u ry
trustees, G. Dohle, Tyler A. Carlson and
George Hardy. The plasterers will re
ceive 16 a day after February 1
OMAHA CLUB WILL BALLOT
Aaaaal Mee-tla Be Held Satar.
day far Elacttoa at
Director.
The annual meeting of tha Omih. i..w
will be held at tha club Saturday for ela
tion of dlrectora and other business as
may coma before tha meeting. Three direc
tors ara to be chosen to succeed v u
Caldwell, M. L. Learned and Geqcga N.
reea, whose terma have expired. Dinner
will be served at ( to o'clock and the hu.i.
nesa meeting hold Immediately thereafter.
Big Rerults from Little Bee Want Ada
SCHOOL AND COLLEGE WORl
Matters of General Interest in the
Educational jfield.
TIPS THAT MAKE FOR PS0GRESS
lalrersltr Esteaaiow Wark and Nia
Seaaal la Jaaraalleia Assorted
Defees In Pablle School
' Methods.
Chancellor Avery of the University of
Nebraska hss just returned from a meet
ing at Madison, Wis., of tha presidents
of the state universities. He reports a
very interesting session. Severs! presidents
of state universities In tha west ware sur
prised to learn of the Increase of over
X atudenta at Nebraska this year over the
previous year, while other Institutions
showed a decrease In attendance.
Prof. A. A. Reed Inspected tha Osceola
High school last Friday. Assistant In
spector Voes has Just returned from a long
trip of high school Inspection visiting Mil
ford. Utlca, Central City, St. Paul Busi
ness college, Oreeley, North Loup and Ord.
He reports good work In all of these
schools.- Ord has Just moved Into their
high school building which la one of the
best school buildings In the state.
Tha following lecture Itinerary Is an
nounced for Chancellor Avery for tha last
week In January and the first week in
February; Sunday afternoon, January 33,
Young Men's Christian association, Fre
mont; Monday forenoon, January 24, high
school, Oakdale; that night, farmers' in
stitute, Elgin; Tuesday forenoon, January
26, high school, Petersburg; that nlghf at
tha farmer' Institute, Albion; Wednesday
forenoon, January 28, high school, Albion;
that night at the farmers' Institute, New
man Grove; Thursday afternoon, January
27, farmers' Institute,. Humphrey; that
night, high school, Leigh; Friday - night,
January 28, woman's club, Crelghton; Sat
urday, Jan 29. Knox County Teachers' as
sociation; Sunday night, January 30, lay
sermon. Congregational church, Norfolk;
Monday morning, January 81, Norfolk
High school; Monday night. January 31,
high school, Emerson; Tuesday afternoon,
February t farmers' Institute, Pender;
that night, high school, Bancrofty, Wednes
day afternoon, Februfiry 1, high school.
Craig; Wednesday night, February S, Pres
byterian church. Lyons; TRursday after
noon, February .1. high school, Tekamah;
Thursday night, February 3, Dana college,
Blair; Friday afternoon, February 4, high
school, Columbus; Friday night, February
4. First Baptist church, Grand Island; Sat
urday, February 5, Hamilton County
Teachers' association; . Saturday night,
February 6, Epworth league, Phillips; Sun
day forenoon, February , lay sermon,
Methodist church, Aurora; Sunday after
noon, February . Young Men's Christian
association, York; Monday morning, Febru
ary 7, high school, York. The subject of
the chancellor's lay. sermon is "Old Faith
and New Knowledge." His subject for
farmers' institutes is ."Agriculture aa Re
lated to Human Progress." His high school
addresses are, (a) "A Comparison of Ger
man and American schools;" (b) "Higher
Education and Higher Ideals." This is the
most strenuous speaking program ever
planned by a Nebraska -educator. There are
still over seventy-five towns that have ap
plied for a lecture by Chancellor Avery.
PIBI.IC SCHOOL. DEFICIENCIES.
Some of tha Defects Pointed Oat by
i Critic, . .
The first of a series of! papers on "What
Is Wrong with Our Public Schools," by Jo
seph M. Rogers, appears in the current
number of LIppInootrr'Magarlne. The
interrogation point Is omitted from the
title. Implying that It not a question,
but a state of facts the writer is dealing
with. A general idea of the conditions
found to exist may be had from these ex
tracts: '...
"Th.ere is something wrong with the pub
lic schools. More than that, there ia some
thing fundamentally wrong with our the
orlea of education. We teach, but we do
not educate. We spend ' a good deal of
money and energy to tittle purpose. It Is
not necessary to prove these statements.
They are admitted by educators, from uni
versity presidents to primary teachers; by
school administrators, from stata and fed
eral officials down to those in the smallest
country districts; by parents the country
over; while children . themselves are, of
course, dissatisfied.
Fundamentally, the trouble with our sys
tem of public education Is that children
learn a little about a great many things,
without gaining much really definite knowl
edge of anything which is likely to stand
them In good stead In later life; and, what
Is equally bad, they do not acquire methods
of accurate thinking.' . This criticism ap
plies to education In every branch, and has
been true from the beginning because our
theories have been wrong. But Just now it
is peculiarly true that our public school sys
tem has defects which are so palpable, and
for which remedies are so easily found,
that wa should no longer permit things to
remain aa they are. .
Our public school system is decidedly be
hind those of several Of the enlightened na
tions of Europe, notably Germany and Scan
dinavia, and wa ought to realise it. This is
a blow to our national pride, but unless we
frankly admit our faults, there la little
prospect either of repentance or of bringing
torth works meet for repentance.
It cannot be too atrongly impressed upon
the American people that the so-called
"three R's" are not grounded in the youth
ful minds of this generation as they should
be. Reading, Writing and Arithmetic are
tha tools of tha human mind. Without
them, almost nothing of an Intellectual sort
can be accomplished. We ought to put the
very best tools in the hands of our chil
dren, and they should be kept in the best
pceslble condition. Prof. Barrett Wendell
of Harvard university recently told In a
lecture how one of hla . brightest students
did not know the letters of the alphabet In
their otder, and in consequence was much
hampered in the use of a dictionary. When
It comes to writing, we have retrograded.
At various tlmea much stress has been laid
on various systems of penmanship, which
have been in turn adopted and discarded.
with the result that few children write so
well as -they should, or so well as did their
forbears at the same aga. As to composi
tion, most children ara befogged at the
simplest test.
Forty years ago iral spelling was one of
th principal features of aohool work. It
was an Intellectual discipline of tha highest
order, and had many more virtues than that
of teaching to spell correctly. Is tiers a
gr&y-halred man or woman who reads this
and who does not remember tha Intellectual,
moral and spiritual uplift that came from
"spelling down" twtea a day? To fall In 1
publlo was grievous misfortune, and there
was no greater mental and moral stimulus
afforded than this axerclce. But nowadays!
children write their spelling almost exclu-
sively, and get their marked papers back
long after they have forgotten them. Writ
ten spelling baa ita advantages, but it la
by no means a proper substitute for tha
older fashion. Also, wa used to .study
etymology, so that with a knowledge of
roots, suffixes and prefixes tha dictionary
waa less needed than now when It Isn't
used at all. Why was this useful study
abandoned T
Recently I was shown soma papara of
high school boy a vf tha fresh man year.
They a era discreditable. The writing Was
atrocious and the spading waa even worse.
Tha pupils seamed to have had a fair
tdna of the subjects In which they were ex
amined, but they presented them In ; a
fashion that waa execrable. Tt these boys
had been trained In tha new methods of
writing and spelling. Tha wonderful growth
and popularity of tha kindergarten In this
country la based on fundamental ronsider
atione. It makes what Is real education In
Ita highest a Jr to children and
parents silks. Tha little minds tr Inter
ested, and tha little hands learn to do
things with an expertnesa which is amas
ing to tha gray-heads who never knew
such a thing In their experience. There la
no valid reason why the whole course of
education should not maintain tha same In
terest that Is found In the kindergarten.
Manual training has made a feeble be
ginning to the schools of tha target cities,
and Its popularity la a sufficient endorse
ment of Its value, but even her only the
smallest possible amount of time ts da
voted to It, while boys and girls still
flounder along In books, and ara made to
perform tasks of whose value they have
no notion and which often possess none.
The boy la not different from the man.
When you find a man working with an at
titude of defiance toward hla task, 'a con
stant deflire to do aa little as poaxlble and
then eseapel you have a mnn who Is not
likely to succeed. It is the same With the
boy and girl. Tha attitude toward any
task la of tha first Importance. It Is true
that all of us ara compelled to perform
disagreeable tasks In this world, and the
discipline Is good for us. but When ' we
understand that It Is good for us we find
the drudgery lees.
. , UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. . .
Beopc aad Working Division of t'nl
verally Exteaaloa. .
"ITnlveralty extension In Wisconsin
works under four mala departments e-r-respondenoe
study, Instrnctton by lectures,
debating and publlo discussion, and general
information and welfare," tld Director
Louis E. Raber of the University of Wis
consin extension division In addressing' the
convention of the Association of American
Universities, which includes twenty-two
universities pf the country, which opened
its session hers thia morning.
"The. correspond fneev study department,
though scarcely paat Ita third year, ahowa
a registration of over J.JOO," continued
Frof. Raber. "Of these about aw . are
working for university credit. Nearly
2,000 are engatfed In special Studies with
vocational bearings. The remaiuder arc
entered for general or preparatory courses!
"For industrial employes In correspond
ence study classes nothing less than dis
trict Organisation will avail, The plan
of Its final fulfillment embraces classes of
correspondence students under local di
rection In manufacturing districts studying
shop mathematics, machine construction,
and other subjects fundamental to mechan
ical processes; in mining districts, engaged
in courses of study designed to Improve
their proficiency In mining engineering; In
commercial centers, taking business
courses; in fact, university extension, ef
fectively administered,' offers vocational
training directly applicable to prevalent
Industrial conditions in every part of the
stale.
"Wisconsin's organisation at present In
cludes but two districts, and covers about
one-fifth of the state In area. One dis
trict has its headquarters at Milwaukee,
the second at Oshkosh. In the Milwaukee
district In less than two years, over 1,000
students have been enrolled for vocational
study. . Tha courses taken Include shop
mathematics, mechanical drawing, . steam
engines, electricity, business management,
accounting, commercial law, and others of
a ilka practical bearing. It 'Is toot unusual
for the employers to co-operate with the
university liy supplying- a suitably fur
nished clasa room and permitting classes
to be held during working hours, an evi
dence of interest which should bear fruit
is Improved relations between employer
and employe. Frequently rooms In schools
and libraries are used for instructional
purposes, or accommodation Is supplied by
the university.
"In the Oahkosh district, also, where the
work la of reoent inauguration, keen inter
est has been manifested- by employers of
labor. In one instance the owner of large
business Interests has offered to pay the
fees of all employes who osmplete courses
of study. He haa supplied well furnished
class rooms and has equipped them with
books recommended for the students' use.
. "Tha department of instruction by lec
tures depends at present upon recruits from
ail departments oftthe university, and. al
though limited by Insufficient funds, IS of
Use in spreading, educational Influence In
tho cities and towns of the state. With an
adequate appropriation for Its further de
velopment and the assistance of an effec
tive, field organization, It can be made a
powerful Instrument for betterment. ' Tha
department of debating and publlo discus
sion la securing good, results also. Bulletins
proposing topics for debate and giving ref
erences for both sides of the question are
published by this department and sent,
wtthout cost, upon application. In the last
year, through this Instrumentality, assist
ance haa been given n the Study of current
topics to 128 high schools and academics, to
thirty-two Women's clubs end men's organ
isations, and to a number of others. Some
18,00 bulletins have been' distributed and
B.iiO classified articles hawe ' been lent,
Thousands of people hove been helped to
learn the tatip relating to such aubjects
Sa tho immigration problem, good roads,
tha commission form of government, etc.,
and to think and talk Intelligently upon
them. It Is impossible to estimate the value
of widespread training of this character,
especially for the rising generation, to
whom many of the problems now under
discussion will come for solution. "-
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.
Largest Rhetoric Drpartmrat and
Coarse u Jonraallsra.
At a recent meeting of the faculty of tha
Htorary department of the University of
Michigan a committee was raised to con
sider the question of establishing a course
In preparation for newspaper work. Such
courses are now offered at tha universities
of Kansas, Missouri. Washington, Minne
sota.. Wisconsin, Illinois and New York.
The University of Michigan was, however,
the pioneer In this field, since a course
tor newspaper men. entitled rapid writing,
waa given by Prof. Scott as early as 1&0.
In recent years courses In newspaper
theory tend practice In book reviews, and
In technical Journalism have been regu
larly given and many successful news
paper men have been thus started on their
careers. r .. ..
The new course, when It ta established,
will probably be. In the main, a grouping
of coursea, already offered, Including tha
coursea in romposlng in the rhetoric4 de-1
psrtment and a variety of subjects esseh- j
tial to tha equipment of a newspoper I
worker, aueh as history, economies, so- j
clnlogy, English literature, philosophy and
law. . ... i
Ibe department of rhetorie at tha Unl-1
verslty of Michigan Is probably the largest
department of tha kind in the world. In
oludLng tha rhetoric classes In tha. engi
neering and law schools, which ara under
tha aame direction, the enrollment of the
present semester Is about 1600. To give
inatructlon to thla army of students, which
ia almost equal to tha entire nnderrraduii.
enrollment of tha literary department.
there la a staff of nineteen, consisting of
tha head of tha department, an assistant
professor, twelve Instructors and five as
slstants. Over one-third of the students
are In advanced classes.
Ona peculiar featur of tha department
which has been followed at other unlver-
nltles Is the providing of special Sections
for first-year atudenta Whose composition
work Is markedly better or worsa than
their fellows. Students who through Some
defect of preparation cannot keep up with
the rest are put In a class by themsalves
where they go mora slowly; students who
ara better prepared or who hsve greater
native talent are Invited to Join one of the
special sections where the, work Is mr.ro
advanced and proceeds as mpldly as the
olata Is able to pursue It.
Inasmuch as there Is prejudice against
the term rhetoric In ome minds, It should
be said that tho aim of the Work In this
department Is to leach the us of clear,
simple and correct Krutllsh. Thla Is done
mainly by practical excl In writing.
The total number of essav written during
tha semester Is not far from SOOfO.
BREAD AND BUTTER.
Educator Thinks Children Mioald Be
, Taaaht ta Earn a Livelihood.
Prof. C. S. Webb, piino'pal pf the Frank
lin (Pa.) Iflgh school, ha written hlm'ftf
down as one without fear. He n?tully
has had the courage to make a nole like
S man with common sense. He wants the
bread-' and butter teat applied to every ,
study suggested for the pitb'lc Schools. The
professor haa harked back to the Ideals
of the fathers. He seems to bel'eve that
tha common schools are for1 tha plain pei
ple and that It ta essential for the plain
people to poseas the qualification for
earning a, living. Therefore, whllo not dis
counting the advantages of higher editea-1
tlon. ha urges that children be so schooled
and trained that they may become "Indus-1
frlous, self-supRortlnjr men and women."
Mary there are, however, In thca dava
of specialisation, fads and frals who will
take issue with Mr. Webh, comments the
Pittsburg Gaxette.( The race will degener
ate, thev tell us, and our publlo school will
fall short of Ita mission unless we grt
above the bread and butter standard.
There must he linguistic attainments, per,,
fcctlon In the higher mathematics and
scientific culture at all hasard. If there
be small ability to read, to spell, to write,
to Indite a letter, to solve the everyday
piut-leins uf buying and 6-!!inpT. to stub
in the ordinary field of making a livelihood
an almost total lack of marly qualifies
tlons and womanly accomplishment of the
homely and .useable kind what matter It
compared with possession of a diploma ob
tained by proficiency In certain branches
of knowledge most of Which will never he
applied?
To ask such a crude question, of course,
I heretical, 'and one may run the risk of
the stake along with Prof Webb, but It
Is worth while to suffer contumely In the
cause of the common schools. There are
so many of them and so many, too, that
Kmclpa rim fa
rww's Spic, Tmlkt'
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GRAND ISLAND COLLEGE
Rsgular eollega preparatory courses.
Music, Art. and Commercial courses of
fered.' Healthful location. Uxpensea mod
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about the school Address, Ir Quotf
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GRAND ISLAND, NEBRASKA
ara not common enough. It ought to bi
feasible to arrange their studies with soma
relation to the probable future of pupils,
soma regard for their alatlon In life, and
certainly, first of all. with respect to tha
likelihood that. In tha larger sense, (hay
will have to fight their own battles. Tha
Idea that public sehool pupils should be'
polished off as highly aa may be because
most of them ara aura ta be denied a col
lege or vnlverslty education really lay
them a sacrifice to Inconsiderate prnsr.'ss
by depriving them of tha equipment for
self-dependence.
Edaeatlonal Note".
Harlan F. Stone was elected by tha
truHees of Columbia university to till tne
pines of dean of the law school, made
vacant a Utile mora than a month tu
by the resignation of Hairy Alonxo C mill
ing. One of the public arhools at Oakdale,
Penn., had to ha closed because some biy
dlssatlRfled with the decision as to thi
duration of the holiday vacation, look ic
vonge by placing Limburgar cheese in IhJ
radiators. (
Arthur Oilman of Cambridge, Ma., who
died at Atlantic City, waa 71 years old,
the foun)-r of tha Harvard Annex, now
known aa Radcllffe college, and the author
of numerous historical works, lie was b.irn
at Alton. III., in IWi and was the ton of
Wlnthrop Sargent Oilman.
A few week ajro Principal A. C. Fay of
the Brldgewater (Ms.) High school In ro-
Uucd a new oourae In the Inch ichool
(or some of the boys who were i uhb lim
over with exuberance. He got a saw Add
a eawhorse snd a cord of hard oak. nn.l
put these into tha basement. When tlu
boy oecan to transgress tne rulea Mr. F.iy
sent them downstairs to saw wood. Tne
boys thought it was a big Joke at fir n.
but the punishment kept on, and they were
kept sawing wood until their back
ciacked. They broke a numbsr of siw-i
and sawed the sawhorsa through, but Sew
ones took their places, and It was soon
roiinii tnst the wood sawing industry had
become a rac.ognlr.ed department In the
curriculum In the Brldgewater High edtuol.
The course in wood sawing did not prove
popular at all, and of lata there has been
ilttle wood sawed there. There is stilt
plenty of hardwood on hand In cass Of
emergency.
Taka Warslag,
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HOYT FINDSoI'arMY PASS
D1e Up Paper Pa Ming- Ilia rather
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United Statoa District Clerk R. C. Hoyt
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papers of hla father, the late Captain W.
E. Hoyt, an old army pass Issued to Cap
tain Hoyt In August, ' 18A4. Captain Hoyt
was at the time connected Vlth tha pay.
master'a department or the United States
army at-New Orleans. The pass grants
him permission to proceed from New Or
leans to New York, vta steamship, and Is
signed by J. W. . Porter., captain and as
sistant provost mitrshs! at New Orleans,
and bears date of August t. 1804. In thosa
days the only way to reach New York
from New Orleans was bv tha ! ..
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