(
THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEK: DKCKIIBER 5, tW.l.
Christmas Fair of the Churches
In the Court of the Bee Building
Continues This Week
h ; v ,
FARMING FOR REAL FARMERS
Some Suggestions from a Practical
Man on Practical Points.
CORRECT TREATMENT OF SOIL
'VVhat Is Needed to Secure the Beat
Ilrsnlt I udcr Ufven Clliuatlo
Cuudltlona and. Com posi
tion of the Ground,
While I liavo In tho past protested
gainst the name, which the dry farming
ccngri-Hs bears and while wo still think It
wrong because it la Indefinite. ' yet It Is
a good deal like the case of the boy und
Lis nickname. John It was In fact, but
they called hint Jack. When everybody
knew that Jack was John It .was just a
well to call him Jack. In taot il did not
make so much difference whether Jonn
was Juck or Jack was John, as It did
what hi) stood for, whether hla principles
were right and his Influence good, and
whether he really accomplished any good
for himself or for those with whom he
was associated, 80 with thla dry farming
congri'KS. What we are really interested
In Is what the organization stands for and
the good It can do.
Its history commences hack only a few
years ago when a few thinking men begin
.to realize th.it there was Aomethlng worth'
while In soil culture, that the farmer did
not hnv to bo content with what
provitV -nee was willing to give from the soli
ear by year, but lhat It was possible to
comptt mother earth ' to ylve forth 2,
or 4 blades, where one grew before. It Is
to thlH end our efforts should be faithfully
und persistently directed.
I.a)lr the Kouutia t ion.
My thoughts were first directed to tillage
and the growing crop Rome twenty-six
years ago. At first we Ji.mjx'd at con
clusions as to the kind and time of tillage
only to find that results were uncertain.
Progress was slow because we did not and
could not grasp the fundamental principles
of scientific soil culture. Practically
nothing was known of this among the
farmers generally and not a line could be
found In the teachings of the books and
papers. The foundation had to be laid
In the bitter school of experience and dis
appointment. Not until 18M did we gain confidence and
become enthusiastic, and by the close of
18i4 we had Just begun to realise the great
future of the west under scientific soil
culture. L'p to 1KSH our main efforts had
been to overcome the evils of the drouth; ;
but from that time on the work broadened 1
1.11III we came to know that tillage of the j
right kind, at the right time, mean more
The King, of Diaries
' LAIRD . uTa
DUry and Time-Saver 1910
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SAVE TIME, MONEY tnl WORRY
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LAIRD & LLkP.Siliherj .ll CHICAGO
i
December 6th and 7th
First Methodist Church
Clifton Hill Presbyterian
December 9th
First Christian Church
Here are
Embroidered Goods
Towels, rag rugs, dish towels, doilies,
hand hemmed kitchen aprons, handker
chiefs, cotton hags.
Traveling Conveniences
Fancy silk hags, collar bags and boxes,
comforters,
Hand made raffia and rattan baskets,
very unique.
Fancy aprons, stocks and collars.
'
to the development and prosperity of the
great west and Its railroads than any
other one thing. It will not be disputed
today by anyone who knows, that by and
through scientific soil culture more la
being accomplished for the betterment of
all crops and the Increased prosperity of
the grwat west In all seasons and Under
almost alt conditions than In any other
way. O, that you could all see these things
as I see them. Were It so lesa effort
would be put forth to spread the hews
that It can be done and for more to the
practical dissemination of Information as
to-how It Is done. To simply know a
trying that will bring results can be done
and to know how to do It. are two quite
different conditions In shaping the destiny
of the new farm home.
CJeaeral Prlnrlples Involved.
To understand thia we must discuss
briefly a few of the general principles In
volved. The one essential to crops la cor
rect treatment of the soil. The soil Is the
farmer's workshop and laboratory, an
what happens In this laboratory depends
upon the kind, time and manner of till
age. The farmer cannot control the rain
or sunshine nor fix the temperature, but
within certain limits he can maintain that
certain physical condition of the soil that
shall control therein both air and water,
and we shall endeavor to show a little la
ter on that herein Ilea the hidden aecret
of successful farming.
The one thing to be sought In scientific
soil culture Is such a condition of the soil
aa will secure In available form the great
est amount of fertility. But what Is fer- i
tlllty? Is it something that la within the
grain, of the soil In fixed quantity only to
be reduced aa each crop Is taken from the
field. We very much doubt It. We have
seen abundance of evidence In our work
the last ten years to fully convince us
that In the main It is something that Is
developed each year In quantity Just In
proportion to the physical condition of the
soil, that condition which permits tho Boll
to carry Just the proper proportions f
air and water s that sunshine and warmth
will promote the necessary chemical ac
tion.. Soli Is fertile where the chemical
changes and processes arc active, and this
la made possible by bringing together the
elements of air and water In right pro
portion and subjecting them to the action
of light and beat and., perhaps, of eleo
trlclty. This can be brought aboul very
largely by mechanical processes.
' Lnjr Dons Fixed Rales.
ut you cannot lay down a fixed rule
for this mechanical work. Any such fixed
rule would break down whenever there was
a radical change In condltlone, auch aa ex.
cesslve heat, a prolonged dry period, high
winds, light showers or heavy downpours.
We can outline certain general mechanical
ork that will succeed If the farmer under-
.anos just what the finished work must
be Thereore, the only thing to do U to
help the farmer educate himself In the true
principles of soil fertility, so that ha will
understand just what he Is -i,i- .
cultivation and In .11 f)rid work. He must
know why things ur. done. He must ever
be alert to these things, know in what way
they may b favorable or detrimental, and
what he should do and when to derive the
greatest benefit from his labor. He should
always look to securing and maintaining
that certain Ideal physical condition of the
soli that is most favorable to promoting
the chemical changes which develop fer
tility. For. let me repeat, the great secret
of such suecefcful crop growing as shall
result In doubling the average yield of all
crops in all sections of the country In
good years and of producing good crops In
drouthy years. Ilea In the farmer's knowl
edge of how to properly combine the ele
ments of air and water In the soil.
Water Moveasent In Roll.
Let me Illustrate by refeinng to su.n
phases of the pioceiu that have receive. I
some of the
too utile attention. In a retrion where
the rainfall Is more than ample, the farmer
finds that he gets best crops when the
rain comes . In frequent gentle showers.
Why? Because nature does the work of
regulating the quantity of air and water,
which, under other conditions, such as pro
longed drouth or excessive downpour, the
farmer would have to do the work to over
come the detrimental effect of nature's
own hand. To Illustrate: If after a heavy,
beating rain the field Is left untouched the
surface dries off and the water soon comes
back up by capillary movement, carrying
to the surface of the then firm soil the
soluble minerals from below, and they are
left there as a deposit of dry matter, Just
as the salt Is left In a glass from a aalt
solution when the glass Is placed where the
water will evaporate. Thus a dense crust
is formed which shuts Out the air from the
roots, thereby checking chemical action,
and the plants soon cease to grow. If the
Immediate surface has been stirred, and a
prolonged dry period follows, the crust will
form from below the loosened layer, with
an effect Just as bad. To thus permit the
growth of the plant to be checked means
a decrease In yield of grain, and the extent
of this decrease depends upon the period
In the planus growth.
I feel free to say that there Is no one
subject about which farmers know so lit
Me as this one of the movement of water
in the soli, and the formation of a crust
and why It Is so Injurious to the crops,
and it Is one of the most important.
Barb Region Has Its Problems.
It la evident any attempt to lay down
a rule as to how to till the soil without
due regard to these somewhat new and
It was late in mild October, and the long
autumnal rain
Had left the summer harvest fields all
creen with gruss again;
The first sharp frost had fallen, leaving all
the woodlands gay
With the hues of summer's rainbow or the
meadow flowers of May.
Through a thin, dry mist that morning the
. . fun. ro" b,rod, ar' "
At first a rayless disk of fire, he brightened
as ho sped:
Yet, even his noontide glory fell chastened
and aifbdued
On the corn fields and the orchards, and,
softly pictured wood.
And all the quiet afternoon, slow sloping
to the night.
He wove with golden shuttle the haxe with
yellow light;
blanttng through the painted beeches, he
glortfled the hill;
And, beneath It, pond and meadow lav
brighter, greener still.
. . ,
And shouting boys In woodland haunts
caught glimpses of that iky.
Flicked, by the many tinted leaves, and
laughed, they knew not why;
a 11 a scnouigius gay witn aaier nowers. ue-
slde the meadow brooks,
Mingled the glow of autumn with the sun-
Mhlne of sweet looks.
......
From Bpire and barn looked westerly the
patient weathercocks;
But even the birches on the hill Hood mo-
tlunlexs aa rocks.
No sound was In the woodlands, save the
squirrel's dropping shell.
And the yellew leavns among the boughs.
low rustling aa they fell.
The summer trains ie liai vested; the
stubble fue lay dry.
Where June winds rolled. In light and
shade, tha pale green waves of rye;
But still, on gentle hill slopes, in alWya
fringed with wood.
I'ngathered, bleaching in the sun, the
heavy corn crop atood.
Bent low. by autumn s wind and rain.
through husks lhat, dry and sere.
Vnfolded from Ihelr ilpened charge, shone
out the yellow .ur; e
The Huskers
articles to he offered at
Luncheon
11:30 to 2 p. m.
every day
Sandwiches
Doughnuts and Coffee,
20c
very vital questions would often result In
total failure. Each region will have Its
own problems, each one different.' Kvery
season will, compel revision of the rules
of mechanical work. Complete as we hav.e
made this seem, yet the farmers can by
study und observation so completely con
trol these element of fertility as to bring
favorable results where total failure had
been recorded In the past.
Now as to the mechanical processes bo
be used In bringing about the desired con
ditions In the soil, I have no quarrel with
anyonn who may differ with me or refuse
to go at far as I do. Use any method, do
the work In any way, make use of any
tool or implement or device or Invention.
All I shall insist on is that the Tarmer
know what soli condition is necessary to
, bring about the results he desires and that
he shall go by the most direct route to
obtain those conditions. Let me assure
you thut no matter what your mechanical
work muy be, the crop growth and grain
yield will be Just In proportion to your
ability to obtain the Ideal, fine, firm, moist
soil condition for nature to da its work.
Thin That la Essential.
It Is tho physical condition of tho soil
at Hreding time and maintained In the
growing period that Is essential rather
Uiarl Qny Particular system followed In
getting It. Timeliness In plowing and cul
tivation U mora than depth of furrow.
Watchfulness to avoid ruinous conditions
Is better than an argument on plowing.
I feel that I render no greater servloe
than to Impress upon you the fact that
the one great and essential factor In de
velopment of the agricultural resources
Beneath, the turnip lay concealed, In many
a verdant fold,
And glistened In the slanting light the
pumpkin's sphere of gold.
There wrought the busy harvesters, and
many a creaking wain
Bore slowly to the long ba-n floor Its load
of honk n.1 ffraln-
Till broad and red. as when he rose, the
un aank down at last.
And like a merry guest'a farewell, the day
in brightness pavaed.
And lot as through the western pines, on
meadow, stream and pond,
Flamed tho red radiance of a sky, set all
afire beyond,
Slowly o'er the eastern sea bluffs a mlld'T
siry shone.
And the sunset and the moonrlse were niln-
gi ntl) on,.
1 '
As thus Into the quiet night the twilight
lapsed away,
And deeper In the brightening moon the
tranquil shadows lay;
Krom many a brown old farmhouxe and
hamlet without name.
Their milking and their home tasks dona,
ulB merry huskers came.
Swung o'er the heaped-up lull vent, from
pitchforks In the mow,
Shone dimly down the lanterns on the
pleasant scene below ;
The growing pile of huks behind the
golden ears befort.
And laughing eves and buv hun.l. .n.i
brown cheeks glimmering e'er.
Half hidden In a quiet nook, serene of look
and heart.
Talking their old tlmea over, the old men
"i apart:
While up and ion the unliusked pile or
nestling in its shade.
At hlde-and-saek. with taush and slvout
the happy children played.
J v
t'rged by the good host's daughter, a
maiden young and fair.
IJftlnr to light her sweet blue eyea and
pride of soft brown hair.
The master of ths village school, sleek of
hair and smooth of tongue.
To the quaint tune of tome old rtlm a
busking ballad sung. J. a. Whlttier.
Home
Books
Baby Supplies
of the BPmr-arld belt Is that of more In
telligent, hence more scientific, tlllu'ge of
the soil. All else Is Incidental or leading
up to this vital truth. Wo have here to
day theso reports of large crops, better
yields, more profit, greater prosperity, be
cause men who study behind the plow
havo come to know the Inestimable value
of scientific soil culture In making and
malnlalnlng fertility of the soil.
I say to you that In the near future
larger yields of grain will be obtained In
the great plains region f the west than
has ever been known; not by accident, but
by knowledge along right lines.
Official Commendation.
I regard It exceedingly unfortunate that
encouragement from official sources should
be given those who are crying down and
belittling the work you and I and all of
us have been doing In recent years In rela
tion to dry land tillage. In a Washington
dli patch last month the head of the Do-
partment of Agriculture is represented as
voicing this sentiment: "The Campbell
system of dry land farming he pronounces
wrong and hurtful."
He Is quoted as condemning cropping
every other year because he says this
means burning out of the vegetable matter.
I Bay such suggestions coming from Wash
ington are unfortunate, because it is evi
dent that Mr. Wilson knows nothing of
tl at which he condemns. The plan of crop,
ping every other year, which he holds to
be A fixed part of our work, Is not an
esrentlal of the system and Is resorted to
only Incidentally as known conditions de-
mend It. Evidently, too. he draws his
conclusions regarding the burning out of
the vegetable matter from experiments with
the old familiar summer fallow, which Is
as different from the true summer tillage
that we advise as night from day.
Field for Investigation.
And again Secretary Wilson speaks of his
plan of changing the character of the aoil
and improving conditions in the dry regions
by turning under drouth resisting plants,
perhaps Imported from Russia. He refers
etpeciully to the sweet clover and the Kus
slan thistle as useful In this scheme. I do
not know, and I do not want to dispute
him as to the utility of these familiar
plants. But I am willing to leave the field
of Investigation of the usefulness of the
thistle and sweet clover and similar plant
from Blherla and the far north to the De
partment of Agriculture.
I do Insist, however, that It Is wrong and
hurtful, and wholly Inexcusable, for the
authority to be given at Washington for
sensational attacks upon the work that we
of the west are doing. Better that aid and
encouragement be given us In our work of
development of scientific soli culture by
and through which we lis ve already accom
plished so much that Is of permanent value.
Never In the h story of all our woik
has pur desk been eu flooded wuu reports
of success and expressions of gratitude
from all over the country as during the
last ninety days. Which shall we be
guided by the theory of the one great
man at Washington, or farts from hun
dreds nf practical rr.tn tilling the soil
right out here In our great wtt?
Nell failure lor All Lands.
It behooves us to go on In our own way,
making atudy of the problems fit soli cul
ture as applied first to the dry lands,
then also aa to Irrigation land.i, and then
to the humid regions. Methods we must
adopt, for results In the area of limited
rainfall will alwas be found immenly
profitable, also where there Is abundant
water. Scientific soil culture la never In
any sense dry farming. It Is farming
with Just enough water.
We have made some progress In a quar
ter of a century, much of It since this
congress was organised, which lias aided
In the publicity the movement so greatly
needed. I can ae there has been a won
derful advarce mad, fcrson lu the east
Made Canned Fruits
Jellies, Jams, Marmalade,
Cakes, Home "Made Bread,
Mincemeat,
Home Made Canny.
the fair:
Cook Book, recipes tried by the ladies of
Omaha.
Book of Candy Recipes,
Label Books, '
Hand Recipe and Address Books.
Children's dresses and skirts, lingerie.
Flowers, dressed dolls,
Japanese articles.
ern states find It hard to believe the
things which have become commonplace
with us. To many the change wrought
has seemed almost a miracle.
' I believe I have had exceptional oppor
tunity to witness the change taking place,
with an enormous correspondence and then
my travels have been Into Mexico and
Canada and all between. Within a week
I have seen In Texas, In a region of de
ficient rainfall this seas(on, results brought
about by scientific tillage that would have
been regarded as Impossible a few year
ago. Letters from Alberta tell of splendid
results there from soil culture science. I
have kept-In constant communication with
sixty-eight farmers located In fourteen
different states, with ten more In Alberta
and two In Saskatchewan, all working alon j
lines we have suggested, and contesting
for $2,000 In cash prises offered for the
bent yields of wheat, oata, corn and cot
ton. They all began work early last
spring. From many of these we have hud
very cnthuHlastic reports regarding their
success, and especially In the dryer sec
tions their ability to control the moisture.
Others have failed by Just a little carv
lecsness. Yet I know that wonderful
progress has been made. I know much of
what has been done In the splendid state
of Montana and In other states of t he
west. It is all good.
We of the west no loiyrer need to defend
ourselves from attack inspired by Jeal
ousy or selfishness. The movement has
made good, and day by day It Is becoming
greater, grander, stronger.
It Is significant to me that almost the
only question now asked at every farmers'
meeting where the subject Is discussed Is
how to get results. But how well I
rerollect that for years the chief dis
cission was as to whether or not tinvthlnf
could be done or accomplished by any dif
ferent methods of tll'age. Tho clinnrt1
marks the passing from the old to the new.
What Is the future of the west under
scientific soil culture? If I was to speak
what is In my heart you would credit me
with extravagance or exaggeration. I have
great confidence In the great west. I be.
lleve of a truth that this region which is
Just now coming Into Its cwn Is destined
to be the last and the best great grain
garden of the world, flood farming can
be done here better and with less difficulty
even than In the humid region, but the
work niunt be understood and be carefully
appll' d. The highest degree of Intelligence
Is ih filed. It means real head work In
every process.
Sclenllflo tillage means to convert hen
dreds of millions, of acres of the once
seemingly worthless land of this great wes;
Into rich farms with beautiful Ideal con
ditions are maintained. It means produc
ing grains and grasses for finishing off
our live stock. It means producing and
groves and school houses, towns and elite
with banks and stores and newspapers.
Yea, It means a stream of wealth pouring
Into the channels of trade over these
magnificent railroads.
mistakes Still Being Made.
But there are still mistakes being made
and hopeful workers arc meeting with dis
appointments now as In the past, only be
cause they don't know how, Thora are
regions In the southwest where as the re.
suit of the drouth hundreds of families
have moved aHsy; but in that same region
there ate farms on which good crops have
been secured, r allure and uecess lie side
by side. I would therefore warn aguliiKt
assuming that It is easy. M- n mu.'t learn
and learn well before tliev can surceed.
Old half hearted investigation and applica
tion of all branches of study and research
has always brought suie failure. Komi
who have tried very hard to get results
lu scientific soil culture have failed be
cause they have kept their thoughts riveted
on certain mechanical processes and have
not given enough consideration to the
principles Involved, therefore have never
grasped the true foundation In securing the
right physical condition. Others, for
Instance, have fallen short because they
have not watched the condition of the
soli just beneath the mule'- So long aa the
top of the compact soil Is moist tne con
ditions are all right, but dryness of this
top indicates that trouble Is near- at hand
and the cultivator should be applied. It
Is In these apparently little but all Im
portant matters that success lies, and it
Is when these many seemingly little thlnjs
are well understood that the general aver
age yield of all our farms will be doubled
In good years and when such drouthy
years as have prevailed in the southwest
and may again occur In any part of the
semi-arid country the results will ceara
to dlscoursge or terrify the settlers. There
fore I commend to you this motto: As j'fc
cultivate so elm II the harvest be.
CM
DEFIED
SIX HOSPITALS
Oottors of "wo Continents Could
Make No Impression on Torturing
Skin Disease All Treatments
Failed for Nineteen Years.
THEN CUTICURA CURED 1
SWIFTLY AND EASILY
"I contraoted rnr disease at sohool
fn London, Englanil, when I was four
teen years olJ I am now thirt y
three. My fathnr put me under the
care of our family physician who diag
nosed my din-axe as Itch. But ater
several months' treatment without
receiving any benefit, I wae advised
to go to g hospital. I attended the
Hospital, Ixmdon. Then and on
two othei occasions, without my get
ting any rwnent. they tr-ated ine for
ecr.nma. My next attempt was trying
different ointments from doctor and
druggists. 1 hen I tried patent medicine
Including Bn .
"I passed examination for Kovern
ment situations but was finally re
jected at the modical examination.
After three attempt to enlist in the
British army 1 succeeded at last but was
discharged on account of ray ecxema.
1 he disease was confined to foe. arm
and legs, my faoe being actually raw tt
times. I came to America thirte-a
yearn . but my face lecme worse.
If possible. When in New York City (
wa advised to go to Hospital.
whence I wa yenl to the Hosr.lul
to Brooklyn. I was put under the care ot
Prr feasor but thl also added to the
number of unsucsful attempt. I
returned home to Kngland and tried the
HoxpitaJ, Liverpool, the -Hospital,
London, also the world-famed
London Hospital, but without get
ting oured. I came back to America
five rr ago. I had overlooked the
Cutlcura h-medie downs of time
but three month ago I deulded to give
Cutioura a tnaJ and I cau safely ,lT
am cured of one of the most torturing
kin Aursm a man ever had. Richard
turley, Newt anaan, Conn., Jan. 10 '0 "
"I ain familiar with Mr. iCu'rley'
cae aad hie cure and believe hi state
ment to be true. John . burke, hew
Canaan, Conn."
Not. All the name left blank
re gttreo lo full in Mr. Curley'g letter.
capit In in ss loured Trtstsuat lot
rvr II ui&ur i. .f ... ...... . .T1. "
m.nm U. Juts. fMocur. Olslm.'t (fri'l U
! Ptm.. stoau.. I
. 0f,
ae-Mnie " kwi striae- acrlMioe.
e-eUMul see - el rvtVuttj, WHw
