THE OMAHA SUNDAY REE: OCTOBKH 17. 1903.
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PLAY IN PLACE OF THE ROD
New Way o Making Good Boyi and
Girls in the Schools.
GAMES SUBSTITUTED FOR WHIP
;! of I nrnlr Bora oblord br
Baaket Rail Folk Donrrn la Ed.
nrntlon Phl-al Trala
Insr of Poplls.
NEW YORK, Oct. 1.-The rod has given
plac to trtfl 6nt i:! bat and dreaded ruler
to the banket ball In t:ic ;.o.7 York public
schools. Compulaorjr play has replaced
corporal punishment.
When In 1907 the Board of Education re
futed to aanctlon the relntroductlon of cor
poral punishment the elementary teachers
sighed as they turned to what was often
an Impossible task, the maintaining of dis
cipline among the unruly when no tools
of discipline were allowed. But "where
there's a will there's a way."
Last spring when chaos threatened In
an uptown east side school the authorities
were struck with a sudden Idea. A group
of unruly boys were given over to the care
of a basket ball enthusiast from the normal
school. Miss Klrtland undertook the swift
reformation of the recalcitrant half hun
dred. That morning there was noise In the
class room. The new teacher was being
broken In. Then Miss Kirtland smiled and
cheerfully the order rang. "Fall In line,"
and the class was marched to the gym
nasium. "Now play!" came the order.' Basket
ball was the game and Miss Kirtland led
the game.
There was a derisive yell from the boys,
bu the spirit of sport soon seized them and
the team work which resulted was a new
episode In the history of class A. This
"was only the beginning. Miss Kirtland
di not punish the class with basket ball,
but every day good behavior or bad they
were marched to the gymnasium for a
period of play. After a month had passed
the members of the class were distributed
to their proper places, for Miss Kirtland,
who punished by play, had triumphed.
On of Maay Incidents.
This Incident Is one of many that are
occurring In New York publlo schools under
tho stimulus of New York's school depart
ment of physical training. Dr. C. Ward
Crampton la head of this department, and
Dr. Crampton says ther,e won't be, a boy or
a girl, young man or young woman n
New York who will need reformation when
the system la fully developed.
Dr. Crampton says: "Give me simply the
perilous spare time of the young people,
the afternoon and Saturdays of the chil
dren and the' evenings and Sundays of our
young men and young women, and I will
answer for their morals."
To begin with, tag and puss In the corner
and other young folks' games have won a
tegular place In tho school curriculum. In
all the primary grades two short periods
a day are given over to running games.
The result Is seen when geography and
rlthmettc some teachers have even said
B.-ammar are attacked with leit, and
bright eyes and ruddy cheks are now more
Ihe rule in elementary schools.
One year ago few of the school yards,
or none, were systematically used for the
mental and physical well being of the
children. Today there are 120 school yards
lven over to organised, play. Here the
boyish energy which taunts the policeman
Mid torments the fruit vender and seeks
ways to break the law in the streets venta
Itself on the chinning bar, In, the broad
lump, in pitched battles of shinny and of
prisoner's base.
The children Just think they are playing,
but the school authorities say that In tHese
iy times "Nature's own method supple
. wuts the artificial class room teaching."
Catalogue on Application To
THE STANLEY STEAMER,
-313 Leavenworth St., Omaha
They are Inspired with a world-old Idea
which is eternally new.
Valae of thr Gomes.
This. Idea Is that organized play is more
fundamentally educational than the three
R's, and that prisoner's base, kick the
wicket and all co-operative physical games
have a pedagogical value In Inculcating
courage, tenacity, fair play, cheerfulness
under failure and most of the rules that
keep civilisation running smoothly. Or, as
Dr. Crampton puts It when summing up
the principles underlying all the work of
the department of physical training, "play,
not discipline, is the true natural disci
pline." And to Illustrate this principle. Dr.
Crampton says: "For ages the child had
no other means of education than play.
By organised play the child learns the
vltues and the social qualities long before
the names of moral qualities are learned
or those names can even bo spelled."
But to leave the theory and return to the
practice. Last year the public sShools
turned out 117 all round base ball teams
and in banket ball there was even a better
record of 125-teams. Such an athletic out
put meant dally practice for the boys in
the school yards, in the gymnasiums and
on the roof playgrounds. And these dally
practices meant the voluntary attendance
for "jupervislng and coaching purposes of
hundreds of teachers, who thus sacrificed
their precious after schoM leisure for trie
well being of New York's school children,
ovlrtar the Girl..
One phase of the athletics for girls, ac
cording to enthusiastic tenchirs,-blds fair
to revolutionise the 111 renowned dancing
academies by a surer method than legis
lation. This Is the folk dance, whose many
and very beautiful forms are taught dally
to New York school girls. The girls who
have mastered the Intricate measures of
the' Bohemian Starsak and the Hungarian
Scardos and have learned to love dancing
as a delightful form of physical ezerolse
will, according to the folk dance teachers,
scorn the present dance halls and demand
in their stead airy, spacious halls such as
the municipality of Chicago has provided
for Its girls.
Public school folk dancing Is right now
supplanting the children's dancing schools,
which, the teachers say, with but few ex
ceptions encourages artificiality, love of
dress and inappropriate not to say Injur
ious relations between boys and girls. And
the school law forbidding the use of cos
tume In the folk dance exhibits was espe
cially designed to discourage the display
element In the dance and to lay stress on
Its real nature as a delightful form of
physical exercise.
But really to catch tho spirit of these
after school athletics cm a must spend an
afternoon on one of tha seven large ath
letic fields maintained by the Board of
Education. Here on a single field from
600 to 1,000 boys will receive expert training
and carry forward every form of athletics
from team games to individual track work.
Little fellows from the primary grados
strive w(n spartan seriousness on the
chinning bar and for tha broad jump.
he older . boys, who have been getting
their base ball and basket ball into trim
In the school yards and roof playgrounds,
are having their regular teams made up by
the athletic supervisors. Whit clad figures
are speeding over the running track, vault
ers and leaperaHake their turn at the ap
paratus and everywhere happy faces and
boyish good nature mark an evolution In
boy nature since these same boys left their
street gang fights for athletio sports.
System and Its Eipestt.
The New York system has been exten
sively copied abroad. ' The department of
physical training has given help in the
organization of similar systems in eleven
of the cities In the United States, as well
as In old world India, in Chile and in the
Argentine Republic. And In each case It
has been able to apply to local needs and
conditions the principles gathered In the
New York work.
And the feature" of this playground and
athletic field system most encouraging for
its adoption throughout the great cities of
the world is the comparatively slight cost
GairnillcB
uceanrtniceE
Are Here
Telephone Douglas 1514 for
Demonstration, or See Them
at 2513 Leavenworth Street.
of its upkeep. The total maintenance of
athletic fields is 4 cents a year per boy
Work in the school yards, the gymnasiums
and roof playgrounds costs the city prao
tlcally nothing. A chinning bar at 17.50
and a brood jump mat at 12.50 equip a
school yard for an Indefinite number of
years.
The gymnasium and roof "playground
equipment comes under the cost of the
regular physical training work. ThA In
struction and supervision essential to the
success of the system are supplied by the
volunteer services of the regular school
teachers. It Is Impossible fb tell what the
loyalty, enthusiasm and unselfishness of
these school teachers mean to the children
of New York. But In dollars and cents
Dr. Crampton estimates that these teach
ere do the work of an athletic teaching
force whose payroll would cost the city
a million a year.
But as this system of play and exercise
is now developed It can reach only 4S per
cent of New York's OOn.OOO school children.
In the athletic work at leant it Is the more
vlgcrous children that seise the opportunity
and the weaker children are turned out on
the streets, as are the vast army of children
below the school age or already at work,
No Lesger Experiment.
The work hus passed the experimental
S'.age, and has. In the opinion of Its advo
cates, proved both In economy and in Im
mediate good to those children who came
under its Influence the practicality and
need of Its further development. The de
partment ' of physical training thinks that
every child In New York has a right to at
least one hour of real play a day.
At this very moment the work on the
athletic fields Is being crippled for' lack
of funds, for the supervisors, the "consult
tng biological engineers," as Dr. Crampton
laughingly calls them, had to be dismissed
thus leaving the expert work of making up
the teams and of coaching entirely to the
inexperienced school teachers.
More than the loss in athletio proficiency,
due to the v withdrawal of these athletic
teachers, there Is actual danger in allowing
1.000 boys to exercise at will on an athletic
field. At the beginning of each season, it
is declared, every boy should be examined
and tested and the amount and quality of
the work for each be determined, "fcareful
surveillance is then necessary to prevent
strain and overwork. '
Physical training teachers are greatly
needed In the high schools, as well as a
uniform gymnasium equipment. For now
that applicants for the teachers, training
schools are marked on physical training
uniform teaching in the high schools Is
essential. The. department of physical
training hope soon to make graduation
from each grade as dependent on success
ful tests in physical training and hygiene
aa It ia now dependent on good standing in
geography and spelling.
Toward this end the department ia ask
ing for more teachers and adequate gym
nasium and apparatus equipment in the
elementary schools. At present the regular
classroom teachers who teach the physical
training are not visited often enough by
the supervising physical training teachers
to benefit by tha advice, training and en
thusiasm of these experts. Also in many
of the elementary schools children are
forced to take their , exercises in their
schoolrooms and the lessons are thus de
prived of the free play space and apparatus
that endears the gymnasium to every child.
Ploy for too Cripples.
In only one of the seven schools for
crippled children' are the pupils allowed to
romp and play. For with these children,
for some of whom exercise means cure
and for others sure death, only a' teacher
trained in orthopedic methods can be en
trusted. And the regular teaehers In these
schools feel themselves hampered In their
work by the lack of physical training in
the schools.
The deaf mute schools are also entirely
without physical training teachers.' Doc
tors lay great stress on the need of breath
ing exercises and an abundance of all
arund health giving exercise for deaf
mutes. li
DEATH RUN OF THE SALMON
Fisherman's Busy Time n the Pa
v cifio Coast.
INDUSTRY EXTERMINATES THEM
om Tblrty.Pomr Million Flak
t'ssstd Thla deoaon anal Mmny
More Marketed la Varloaa
Other Ware.
SEATTLE, Wash.. Oct. 12. The salmon
season of 1009 Is rapidly approaching Its
end. The run has been fairly profitable.
Although fishing is carried on from the
Nushagak river In Bering sea to Mon
terey, the headquarters of the vari
ous operating companies are found a!
most exclusively In San Francisco, Port
land and Astoria, Ore.; Vancouver, British
Columbia, and' this city. Few persons
outside of those directly Interested in the
Industry realise its Immense economic
Importance.
During the season now closing af least
S5.000 persons were employed directly
In It in some rapacity, either on shore or
afloat, and they received over (8,000.000 In
wages. ..Materials (tin plate, solder, boxes,
etc) to the value of 000,000 were used In
making the pack. Several million dollars
worth of fishery apparatus was used In
making the catch, while a fleet of 4,000 or
5,000 vessels, steamers, launches and fish
ing boats were used In handling the catchJ
The,catch Is prepared In various ways,
the most Important being fresh, frosen,
salted, smoked, mild cured and canned.
The last is by far the leading method.
This year the pack of canned salmon was
as follows: Alaska, 2,800.000 cases of forty
eight one pound cans; Puget Sound, 800,000
cases; Columbia river, SSO.000 cases; other
rivers on the coasts of Washington and
Oregon, 160,000 cases; Fraser river! British
Columbia, 420,000 cases, and othVr rivers of
British Columbia, 205,000 cases; a grand
total of 4.226,000 cases, or 202,700,000 single
pound cans. ;
If these" were placed end to end in single
file they would extend 14,396 miles, more
than half the circumference of the globe.
To fill these cans over 33.800,000 salmon
were required, while nearly as many more
were prepared and make ted in other ways.
This product has become on of the ataples
and can be found in all quarters of the
globe and among all classes.
Salmoo Are Disappearing.
The tremendous demand has had its nat
ural affect, .and in places where twenty
years ago aalmon ran In countless num
bers few are seen today." This is especially
true of the Sacramento river, in California
and the Columbia river, while in the waters
of Washington and southern British Col-
umDia, especially me fraser river, a good
run is had only every fourth year. Thla is
one of tha remarkable features of the sal
mon run of this coast, and la probably due
to tha fact that years ago a big epidemic
occurred among the salmon and lasted
three seasons and caused the death of the
greater part of the runs of those years be
fore they had an opportunity to spawn.
If a complete history of the industry
could be written It would record adven
tures, successes, failures and vicissitudes
seldom equaled In commercial enterprises.
Fortunes have been made and loat In a
single season. At present peace prevails
among the salmon fishers along tha
greater part of the coaat, but such baa
not always been tha case, many having
been the affrays between rival crews
over tha possession of choloe fishing
grounds, some of which terminated fatally.
Tha salmon season .ia abort, and In
order to complete the pack tha canners
and fishermen practically work night
and day. This is especially true in Bering
Sea, where the season rarely lasu longer
than six weeks. During thla time over
1,000,000 cases are packed, and many
of tha canneries at the height of the- run
work at least twenty hours a day.
Flab. That Are Conned
Five species of salmon enter the rfvers
along this coast each year for tha purpose
of spawning: The king, spring or qulnnat
salmon; the sockeye, red or blueback.
which is the principal species canned;
the coho or silver; tbe humpback or pink.
and the dog or chum. Some steelhead
trout, which are larger than many of the
salmon, are also canned. The first three
species frequent rivers which have thelr
rise In lakes, while the last two are com
monly found in small creeks and streams,
ascending these only a comparatively short
distance.
Tha king aalmon enter the atream for
tha purpose of spawning in May and June;
the reds in June, July and August; tha
pinks In July and August; the cohoa In
August and September, and the dogs in
July, August and September.
To one who has never witnessed the
sight It is Impossible to convey an ade
quate idea of the conditions which prevail
when the annual run of salmon is on and
tho fish are striving to get up to the head
waters of the various rivers and creeks.
Streams which can almost be Jumped
across by an active person will be an
almost solid mass of struggling salmon,
this though the water may be so shallow
that their backs show above the surface.
Harvest For Bears and Doss.
AH are so Intent upon their mad rush
up the atream that they pay alight atten
tion to things on the bank, and it is at
this time that the bears and dogs reap
their harvest. The former are exceed
ingly expert at reaching down from the
bank and flipping fish out with their paws,
while a native dog will rush in, and grasp
ing a fish in Its mouth give it a shake and
then deposit its dead prise on the bank,
only to return for more.
After reaching brackish water the sal
mon cease to eat, depending upon their
accumulated tUsue to carry them through
to tha end. They struggle gamely on
vp the atrtam, the male salmon fighting
fiercely one with another, their terrible
hooked Jaw i .Inflicting severe wounds,
while many are cut and torn by being
knocked against rocks in aacendlng
rapids and falls. Those which run up
the large river salmon have been known
to ascend the Yukon for over twenty-five
hundred miles are in bad shape at the
end. their snouts, fins and taila in many
Instances being entirely worn off. while
all are covered with the peculiar while
blotches which seom to be Incident to the
spawning fish,
On arriving at the spawning beds the
male salmon battle more fiercely than
ever. After the law of the survival of
tha fittest bas given on af thera undla
putted possession of a female aalmon the
two proceed to dig a hole in tha sand
and gravel, and hero the eggs are de
posited and then they die. Of the mill
ion which fight their way up the streams
each season hardly one evs. returns to
Its deep sea homo. The reason for this
Is ono of the mysteries of natural history,
novices For Catch I a a;
Many and varied are the methods used
In catching tha salmon, wheels, traps,
seines and gill nets being the more Im
portant forms.
The wheel Is used almost exclusively
on the Columbia river. It Is .generally
from five to fifteen feet in width and from
ten to thirty feet in diameter and Is
usually located on, abutments In a nar
row runway which has been constructed
in the upper reaches of the river. To Its
blades are attached dip nets made of jtal
vanlsed Iron netting, and as the wheel
Is placed In the force of the current It
revolves continually night and lay ac
cording to the force of the water.
Every time it revolves it scoops up from
one to a dosen of the salmon that are
trying to get up Ihe river and are forced
Into the runway by the dam-run out to the
side. As the wheel turns It dumps Its load
automatically into chutea on either side
arranged so that the fish will slide by
their own weight into flat boats waiting foi
them. Some of these wheel have paid
enormously In the value of salmon taken.
Trap Nets Take Thousands.
The trap nets catch more than any other
fixed form of apparatus. They are formed
by means of stakes driven Into the bottom
and hung with netting. A lead of a single
row of stakes Is run out Into the water,
usually at right angles to the shore, a
V-shaped line of stakes hung with netting
with the open end toward the shore and
beginning at a short distance Inshore of
the outer end of the lead and with an
open space of about twelve feet between
It and the lead on both sides is called the
outer heart. The far end of this leads into
what la known as the Inner heart, which la
shaped and arranged the same as the outer
heart, but Is smaller. The pointed end of
the inner heart leads through a narrow
tunnel Into the pot, which Is a square com
partment placed at right angles to the lead.
The apiller is located alongside the pot,
from which the salmon pass into It by
means of another tunnel. The fish are
taken from the spiller, the front wall of
which Is lowered to the water's edge, and
the fish dipped out and into the scq,ws by
means of a brailer or large dip net. As
many as 90,000 salmon have been taken out
of a single trap In one ltft,
Not Touched By Hand.
In canning so far as possible the hand
ling of fish by hand Is prevented. The
scows are run alongside the wharf and
the fish pitched on an endless conveyer
which carries them up and delivers 'them
on the floor of the butchering shed. Here
they are fed one by one Into an "Iron
chink," a wonderful machine which cuts
off the head, tall and fins and splits the
fish down the belly and removes tha vis
cera, all In one revolution of the machine.
The fish are then placed In pockets on a
revolving drum and carried around to a
series of rapidly moving circular knives.
which divide them into cuts of Just the
size required to fill tha cans. The outs
roll down a chute and are fed Jnto the
filling machine. In this tho cuts go down
one opening, the empty can come down
another and when they are opposite each
other a plunger forces the fish Into the
can. Tha filled can Is then dropped out
on a table.
From here it la taken by means of an
endless belt through the steam box,
which cleans the outside of the can, past
a couple of workmen who place little
dlska of tin on top of tho meat this Is
done so that later when the tops of the
cana are punctured after the first cook
ing to allow the steam and gas to escape
the fish will not clog up tho hole and on
to the topper.
Solderlngr by Machinery.
' Here the open cans are aelsed and car
ried around horizontally, and at the same
time the tops, which have been carried
Into the machine from the opposite side,
are accurately placed on them. From the
topping machine tha cana are discharged
upon a moving bolt that carries them
through an iron device which tips them
over on their sides, and aa they roll in
between two steel disks the top la slightly
crimped to the body of each can. .
Next a chain conveyer rolls them through
a pan where Just tho edge of the can
top Is moistened with muriatic acid and
then through a soldering machine, kept
hot by gas Jets below, where the top is
securely soldered down.
A rubber belt conveys tho cana under
a Jet of cold water which gives tha solder
a set, past tho counting machlno and then
to the end, where men lift them off onto
Iron crates. Hera tha small vent hole
In the top of Ihe can Is soldered up by
hand and the crate lowered into a vat of
hot water to test for leaky cans.
Tho crates are then loaded upon low
iron cars and run into steam boxes, where
they are steamed for thirty minutes at a
pressure of lVs pounds. The cans ai-e
then taken out and punctured to let vapor
and excess air eacapo after which they
are immediately soldered up again.'
Tha cratea are now run into iron retorts
and exposed for one hour to a ateam heat
of 140 degrees Fahrenheit, which thor
oughly cooks the salmon and softens tha
bone.
After being taken from the retorts the
crates of cans are run through two vats of
hot water. In which they are thoroughly
scrubbed, after which they are placed upon
the floor of the warehouse to season for
some days.
Later the cans are run through a var
nishing machine, after which they are
labelled and then packed in boxes holding
forty-eight one pound cans each.
Character of Labor Employed.
Nearly all the canning work Is per
formed by orientals, the Japanese predomi
nating. For many years the bulk of this
work was most efficiently done by
Chinese, but tho rigid exclusion laws have
prevented the bringing in of any new
hands, while the old ones are gradullly
dying off. Owing to their quarrelsomenebs
the Japanese are not very popular In can
nery work.
Many Filipinos and a few Porto Ricans
are employed. While men, many of them
Italians, Swedes and Norwegians, do moot
of the fishing, although in some sections
Japunebe are engaged In I hid branch alsu.
In Alaska many Indians are employed both
in the canneries and in fishing, and they
make most efficient help when the desire
to work is upon them.
Fishing, especially in Aalaska, Is haxard
ous at times, owing to th fact that much
of tho fishing is carried on in upen bays
in which storms are frequent. Kivht
fishermen lost their lives in the Nushagak
bay during this season alone.
Each year the Indians of this coast. Mid
especially of Alaska, dry and smoke Im
mense quantities of salmon, and this forms
the principal food for themselves and their
dogs during tha winter months. The racks
upon which tha fish aro dried are familiar
objects all along the coast. So dependent
are they upon this fish that when a bad
season occurs many die of atarvatiou.
DIR EGTO FTV
Of Automobiles
W l IJnffmm P Pn
lai Hull llldll QL bill
1824 Farnam Street.
BRUSH RUNABOUT'
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Rirnif-P RlZIrin
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11. E. Fredrickson Automobile Co. i
a044-4-48 PoVaant
Deright Automobile Go.
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Murphy Did
HORSE SHOEING -
L.'B1fi)
R. S, nikVVA, vinii,n.
Standard Automobile Co.
H. K. WILCOX. OMAHA, NEB. CHA. MERZ
INTER-STATE
Chalmers-Detroit
n n
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PAXT0I1-UITCIIELL CO. F&g?
r281 2310 Harney Street. A-2011
THE
Doug
MIDLAND MASON
(Q) TU FREELAND BROS. & ASHLET. 1102 Faraaa St.
FRANKLIN
GUY L.
RR IflMRRI I Sfevens-Uuryea, Cadillac, Stanley Steamer.
111 lUlilUHLL DAOCOCK ELECTRIC
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BAKES! ELECTRIC S
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fllLflllllb IIUI ULiUUILL. UU.. " premier
Atlantic and Council Bluffs, Iowa.
AUBURN
Cvllndor 30
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Central Tire & Rubbsr Co. Zl
OMAHA'S EXCLUSIVE TXE HOUSB
DHOTIS Steamer
MP?fl GrS" Velio Automobile Co.
w LtwalatiLaa 1902 Farnam Street. 'S
JOHN DUKE PLOW
Kemper, Hemphill & Buckingham
lauth 1t C Tatsaaooo Oao. To
raaBBBasoBaBR
and Accessories
Headquarters 4 Cylinder Cars.
Inter state S1 750; De Tambie
$650; Hupmobile $750.
MARVEL OF WORKMANSHIP
T. 6. KQRTKWALL CO.
914 Jontt St.
JACKSON
Pioneer Implement Co.
Council Bluffs. Iowa.
Electric
WHITE STEMER
DRUMMOND
2024 Farnam SL
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lerea. Rapid,
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St.
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1814-16 Farnam St
Brunt
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Hartford
Counci! Bluffs, lowx
The easiest riding car in the world!
LOUK, 1808 Farnam Street,
State Agent.
It" AUTO
WAGON BUILDING
REPAIRING
PAINTING
TRIMMING
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J. J. OERISriT CO.
1818 Farnam St.
Garage and Repairs
Standard Six A National
MB
51750 Fully Equipped -4 Cyl., 40 H. P.
., 2025 Farnam St.
Distributors
THOMAS. PIERCE, RAPID
H. E. FREDRICKSON AUTO CO. j
2044-46-48 Farnam St. 1
Detroit iiiectrio
Go.
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2209 Farnam St.
PEERLESS
SMITH, 2207 FARXAM
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R. R. KIMBALL,
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Prei.
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01 AHA AUTO MOILE CO., 216 S. 19.
In its class without a peer.
C. F.LOUK, State Agent,
1808 Farnam. St.
APPERSON SALES AGENCY
1102-4 Farnam St.
Firestone Tiro
Farnam SL
Wood's Electric
DRUMMOND
2024 Farsaio St.
CO.. Omaha. Ols.ribulars.
Auto Liraps,
Ba tutors
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