THE OMAnA1 SUNDAY BEE: FEBRUAHT 21. 1000.
High and Medium Priced Cars Handled by Omaha Automobile Dealers
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NEW TniSCS AT THE SUOW
What the Visitor Will Find if He
Inepects Closely. ." .
ADVANCE IN BUILDING OF AUTOS
Maar IIpartar front Former Prae
; tlce aa the Rranlt of Esperl
i rnco or Imreatloa bjr the,.
Enft-laerra. x
"What' new at the ahow?"
; That Is one tf the first questions which
will be asked by the visitor as ho enters
the doors of the Auditorium and glances
down the long; aisles of automobiles which
aro there displayed. The ol' adnge of
"nothing new" will not apply to the coming
. show, for the eyes of the visitor will be
treated to new types he has never beard
of, and before he loaves the ' big building
h will be Impressed with the . enormous
proportions to which the automobile In
dustry has grown In the last five years.
In 1903 the automobiles were all very small
affairs, and a picture of the shows of that
far looks like a line of little electrics of
the present day. A few years have wrought
wonders In the automobile Industry and
the changes which have been made and
which will be shown will cause even those
Win follow the automobile game to wonder.
, Tho coming exhibition will present a most
elaborate layout and there will be enough
new things shown to keep the fana busy
gaslng during the entire life of the show.
Even at that ihey probably will miss some
thfug.
Styles have changed little, although, of
Oojise, betterments have been made look
. ing to both endurance and also to the com
fort of owners In getting in and out of
their , machines. The rich will still Insist
on havltiff the most elaborate car which
money, and brain can put tbfeether, but the
great detnand will be. for 'the moderate
J priced car which can be used for all pur
, poses. Even those owning the more
' luxurious cars will buy cheaper cars for
;. knock-about purposes. -
Cars that Are Popalar.
Considering--the show as a whole there
Will b a .noticeable predominance of open
touring cars, baby tonneaus, cars with rear
bucket seats and runabouts, both high
powered and small. While closed cars, such
' as the luxurious and expensive limousine,
' the landhtilet and coupe, will be shown, the
exhibits will be few, .as this is not the type
' of curo much in demand in the west. The
dealers will naturally show the type of car
. which Is more in demand In the middle
west, which is their battle ground. The
- type of car which Is naturally the most
; in demand In this section of the country
is the moderate-priced touring car of four,
five and seven passenger capacity, with the
Speed Limit
One mile in S8Vt secinds; two miles In
l& seconds! Those are the high water
tni iks In automobile speeding. They rep
. resent the greatest flights attained by
. the motor car and probably are faster
' t'u n made by any other methods of trans
' portatton or motive power. There have
been rumors of even greater speed reached
by tho locomotive nd the electric trolley,
but none of these latter have been re
ported officially as ln the case of 4 tin
automobile.
One mile in :"SH means A speed of bet
ter Ihnn 126 mites an hour, and two miles
la1 means a' shade over 12S miles an
hcur. B'.it even those terrifying marks
do not repr. sent the limit of the speed of
tit ' f-utomoblle, it is declared; they sim
ply ' represent the limit of .lire safety;
above that point t Is doubtful if rubber
and runvas would stand .the strain.
Itoth these marks are of long standing,
, both nmJ? In VA. one by steam and the
'other by , gasolene power., Fred Marriott
, in a Stanley steame r of American con
; structlon Is the man who did the rwtrJ
b fdklng mile, while Victor Demogeot Of
Frame, In an eight-cylinder Darracq, es
tablished the two-mile mark, when he won
' the speed crown, which could only be
awarded to the man to crowd two miles
Jnto the minute.
- Both feats were' performed at Ormond,
Fla.,' In January, over a course laid
out on tho sand beach. Probably no other
course like 1t could be found in tho world
and no other place could offer such a
track.
, 'One may imagine the dangers incident to
; such performances when It Is remembered
. that Marriott, the following year, nearly
lost bis life trying to beat his own record
! for a mile.
But the Ormond times are exceptionality
.' fast and far above the ability of the motor
car on other courses. On an ordinary horse
track, such as is used for meets , in this
country, the speed is' much slower, the
record, for a circular mile being :E1, mads
at Minneapolis last summer by Ralph ;de
Falma In an Italian Flat, a paca which is
' only a shade better than seventy mile an
hour. England has bettered this through
having a cement oval, which is two and
three-quarter miles In circumference and
banked for unlimited speed. ' Over there U
la said that Nasaaro, the Italian, in a Fiat,
averaged 131 miles an hour for one lap, a
isy flight of speed that startled the
world.
' But It is In road racing ttat one gets the
best Idea of the spted oaslbUities of the
automobile, and during the last season
U ere have beea several record breaking
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V CMAtOl GL tV75
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three passenger cross-country machine a
close second and the small runabout and
the motor buggies also In demand for the
rural trade.
During the last five years the automo
bile has undergone precisely the same kind
of development, but at an unprecedented
speed, which every new mechanUm is ob
liged to pass through. It has been simul
taneously Improved In quality and cheap
ened by the natural method of the "sur
vival of the fittest" and the elimination
of the more unfit constructions. This
process 1 still going on, but at a slower
pace than formerly. Few elements of the
pleasure automobile have survived the
last five years unaltered.
Motor Is Much Quieter.
The motor has been quieted by attention
to valve-operating mechanism, to the car
buretor and to the exhaust line. It has
been given remarkable flexibility by Im
provements principally In the carburetor
and valve setting. The magneto has come
into. Its own as the most reliable source
of ignition current The radiators have
been strengthened and increased in cool
ing efficiency. The cylinder jacketing and
lubrication have been cared for in such a
way that there is no longer any excuse
for an overheated motor.
, In the transmitting system the old cone
clutch lias been greatly improved,"; and
the newer' d(so types have been developed.
It would seem, . almost to perfection.
Through the use of special materials and
of special tootltTforms, together with the
annular type of ball-bearing, gear boxes
have been reduced Inislie and silenced.
The eliding gear has practically elimi
nated all other forms of transmission, and
unlike five years ago, there Is no rival
which seriously threatens its place. The
live rear axle with entirely enclosed driv
ing mechanism has been developed from
a most 'uncertain "mechanism five years
ago to one of the most positive and re
liable units in the car.
As regards the running gear, the pressed
steel frame was originated but little more
than five years ago, and ' was seen only
on one or two cars for several seasons.
It is now unlverslal, its advantages from
the standpoint of strength, lightness and
cheapness being now thoroughly under
stood. For ' front ' exles the ' one-piece ' drop
Not Reached
performances, chief of which was the mark
made by this same Nazsaro in the Florio
cup race' in Italy, In which he averaged
Hi miles per hous for 478 miles, which in
cluded stops for tire troubles and the tak
ing on of oil and gasoline. Nazsaro, how
ever, was favored by a fine course, which
had in it only four turns to a circuit, while
the rosdbed was hard and smcoth and not
overly hilly.
As showing the difference in courses, the
Targa Florio In Italy, won by Trucco In
an Italian Isotta, produced only SS.S miles
per hour. This course Is 27 miles In length,
made up of three circuits, in'euch of which
there are 1,433 sharp turns, which means
fifteen turns each mile, cr one each 117
yards. In the Frc-nch Orand Prix, which
was at 478 miles last year, Leutenschlager,
In a Oerman Mercedes, averaged 69.5 miles
per hour."
Here In this country road racing speed
is much slower. - In the first place, we
have no auh course as the Florio cupclr
cult, and again we lack the can. True,
most of the European cracks were at
Savannah last Thanksgiving, but there
they were handicapped by the numerous
turns. Still, Wagner, in the Fiat man
aged to establish a new American record
when he did 6S.11 miles per hour for 40i
miles, taking away from Robertson the
honors he won In the Vanderbllt, when he
succeeded in averaging 64.3 miles per hour
In the American Locomobile, the first
time a Tankee car ever won aroad race
in which a foreign car was a competitor.
Greater speed for a distance has been
made In America, but again It was Or
mond that produced it, the meet there last
winter resulting In some new records being
established over tho sands. But these
tricks were turned by foreign built cars.
Maurice Bernln of New York, at the wheel
time a Yankee car eer won a road race
averaged a. 26 miles per hour in luO-mils
race for the Minneapolis cup. Poor Ce
drlno, who was killed training for a track
meet at Baltimore, averaged 77.01 miles
per hour for 300 miles at Ormond In a
Flat
The fastest road performance by an
American stock car in a road race was
made at Savannah last spring In the six
cylinder event. In which George 8alzman
In a Thomas Flyer six averaged sixty
miles an hour for 180 miles.
William K. Vanderbllt. jr., once was a
record bolder, only losing his laurels last
winter at Ormond when the amateur mils
mark was beaten by a 17-year-old school
boy, Bruce Brown, who borrowed Ced
rlon's Flat and 'turned the mile In :3&,
beating Yanderbllt'a made in IX.
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forging of I-sectton has taken the place
of the old built up tube, or hand-forged
rectangular section. Tho springs, espe
cially in the rear, have been lengthened,
flattened and made of better material,
with corresponding increase in comfort,
especially at high speeds.
The wheels, apart from the hubs and
tires, have undergone less change than
any other Important element, but consid
ered as a whole, the adoption of drawn
metal hubs. oller and ball-bearings, to
gether, with detachable rims, have modi
fied this unit very appreciably.
The automobile engineer Is not alone to
be credited with the enormous advance
which has occurred. Today he has at
his command methods and materials which
were unknown or ' difficult : to -obtain five
years ago. Today the enormous volume
of business which the automobile has
created has enabled specialists in certain
lines to equip themselves In . a most com
plete manner for handling certain classes
of.-work. Thus, it' Is possible to obtain
pressed steel autogenously welded parts
at low prices, which, If properly designed,
are superior to anything that could have
been made commercially at twenty times
the price a few years ago. Five years ago
the steel makers of this country were not
equipped) to turn out the special grades of
steel required for . high-class automobile
work, even at three times the price de
manded today.
Result of Moch Stedy.
In this way it may be saidthat every
portion of the 'automobile has been con
sidered from different points of view by
men who had made this type of part a
study for years before the advent of the
automobile, and who thus were peculiarly
well placed to help the automobile engi
neer in his work.
To the large automobile manufacturer
belongs the credit of having the foresight
and daring to Invest large sums of money
In a new Industry replete with pitfalls
and thus providing the engineer with the
means of working out his problems. That
the American Is able to compete and even
It may seem a comparatively easy matter
to draw off all the water from the cooling
system of a car, but in practice this ideal
Is seldom realised, as In some cases one
cannot get rid of enough water to insure
Immunity from trouble In frosty weather.
When putting away the car for the night
in any place where water is likely to freeze
the wise man naturally opens all the drain
taps, while possibly he will remain until
the water has reached the "drip" stage.
An Insidious trouble, however, seems to
commence the moment he turns his back,
for the water pipes, relieved of the warm
water, rapidly cool down; there still re
mains,, however, a film of water on the
walls of the pipes, 'which, slowly drains
away to the lowest point, this In many
cases being the pump. While this 'is pro
ceeding the pump has reached freezing
point, when. Instead of draining away to
the floor, the water congeals in the pump,
and the latter Is eventually more or leBs
choked by slld ice. The water pipes
being In a more protected, and therefore
The Best-Purchase
La Touche Hancock.
You can prate of your summer romances,
Of the glens, of the groves and the sea;
Of the silly small talk that enhandes
The pleasures of five o'clock tea.
You can boast of your horses and carriage,
If ybu've married an earl or a duke. '
Although very likely your marriage
Will prove but a monetary fluke.
Forsake these society features,
Come with us o'er valley and hill;
Tear up all your silly love letters,
And motor with us with a will.
There's nothing so healthful and jolly.
You will have both a ride and a rest;
It will drive away melancholy.
It will give your digestion a test.
Throw care to the winds! Til the fashion.
No pleasure In life so real;. , .
Tls the proper up-tc-date passion.
So purchase an automobile!
MODEL X
CiNTRRL MPT. CO
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FRMR-MLLtfl TRUCK 0
V GRICK RKUHN X
R0 TOURINtr CAR
ATLANTIC AUTOMOBILE CO.
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CKRLALAND tffflEl J- T0URI5T
HfiAr H. VAN BRUNT,
couNCit. Gkurrs.tn.
beat tho foreigner was most eoncluslvely
shown when a Thomas stock car beat the
best that Europe could produce In the
New. York to Parts race.
Finally, the automobile engineer himself
must be credited with the .biggest share
In the Improvement of the car mechanism,
since he-has -been, the leader-under whose
direction others have' worked towards the
attainment of a common purpose.
Some of the Specialties. -
In the Stevens-Duryea, which Is one
Of the popular cars of Omaba, there: will
b9 two new models at the show exhibited
by R. R." Kimball, a fhrtyTlorse 'power,
seven-passenger, six-cylinder, and a. tweh-ty-four-horse
power, four-cylinder roadster".
For the first, time the cylinders are cst
In pairs; there is double Ignition with a
Bosch high tension magneto multiple coll;
a force feed, shaft-driven .mechanical oiler
furnishes, the lubrication; the clutch is
multiple dlk; the ' transmission selective
and the bodies are of rolled sheet alumi
num built on a wood frame.
Water-cooled brakes will be a novelty
shown by the Haynea company on , the
Haynes car, which also has a device' be
tween the clutch and transmission so' that
the gears may be shifted easily.
J. J. Derlght will show Stoddard Day
tons which have the cylinders cast with
water Jacket Integral and With large end
plates bolted on, the Idea being to elimi
nate a chance for leakage, while the gear
set control lever Is butslde the frame In
stead of being In the floor-board.
The Cadillacs, shown by R. R. Kimball,
will have separately cast cylinders" with
copper water jackets and valves on one
Preventives and Remedies
warmer, position, the -water will continue
to drain down them to the pump, perhaps
for a considerable time after ice has
formed there, so that the pipes themselves
also become choked with a plug of Ice
where they connect to the pump.
In the morning fresh water Is put In and
the starting handle is vigorously turned.
Crack goes the pump! The same thing can
easily happen even when hot water Is put
In, because the plugs of Ice in the pipes
take an appreciable time to melt, during
which time the blades or gear wheels In
the pump still remain fast. It Is as well,
therefore, to wait for the water to flow
freely from the pump tap before turning
the starting handle. Unfortunately there
Is no way of discerning whether a pump Is
free when turning the handle, because as
the engine turns, stiffly In any case when
cold; ana one has so great a leverage
through the starting handle that the pump
spindle may conceivably be badly damaged
without one being aware of anything
wrong. The spring drive Is in such cases
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side, with splash lubrication with median
leal feed. These cars will have Bosch
magneto and storage battery Ignition, se
lective type transmission and other fea
tures not usually found in a car of its
price.
The Oldsmobile has twelve models from
which the buyer may pick, making one of
the largest lines of machines of the year.
Seven of these are four-cylinder and five
of them have six cylinders. In the body
line they have everything from a touring
car to a runabout. ' .
Jfevrer Thoughts In Construction.
The Corbln, with seven body styles, has
changed the contour so the valves remain
open longer, has made the crankshaft heav
ier and carried it on Hcss-Bright end bear
ings and a plain center bearing. A Mayo
cellular radiator Is used and the clutch Is
disengaged by means of a compound coup
ling between the clutch pedals and the
yokes.
The Knox will show both water and air
cooled motors, with two models of the
former and one. of the loiter. ' The wheel
base of this car has been Increased and a
three-plate disc clutch with cork Inserts Is
used. The transmission has double ball
bearings and because of the simple way of
attaching the Intake, the exhaust and water
manifolds, the cylinder heads are easily re
moved. In the two models of the Jackson which
will be shown tho leader Is model II with
a thirty horse-power four-cylinder motor
and with the cylinders cast In pairs. This
model has a magneto.
A selective genr set is bolted to the rear
axle housing of the Overland and last year's
model, continued this year, has a foot con
trolled planetary transmission.
Bloom cars will also be shown at the
show In Omaha and W. R. Drummond will
have a fine array of the new White steam
ers, for, which he has recently--completed
a new home on Farnam street near Twenty-first
street. When It Is stated that' the
United States government, a most discrimi
nating buyer, owns more of these cars than
of the greatest value, for by watching the
behavior of the spring, which will tend to
wind up if tho pump be fast, one can pre
vent any inadvertent damage.
The water pumps of sevetal cars are
fitted with fibre washers, as packing joints
to their ground covers, and asbestos string
In the stuffing boxes. For all packing
joints designed to prevent water leaks,
nothing has been found so good as asbes
tos string plentifully smeared with black
lead.
In all cases of excessive gasoline con
sumption is It Is not enough to see that
the fuel does not drip from the base of the
spray chamber when the car Is at a stand
still with the engine stopped. Much fuel
Is commonly wasted from the flout chamber,
owing to the needle leaping off Its seat
under the influence . of load or engine
vibration, and so fulling to cut oft the
fuel, which promptly overflows. Two meth
ods of dealing with this nuisance satis
factorily have been found by an English
motorist. On one car the flooding only
occurred with the car in motion, and was
solely caused by road vibration; In an
other flooding occured whenever the engine
was running futt, irrespective of whether
the car was on the move or not.
The first and more makshift of the two
methods was to remove the cap which
ordinarily, protects the end of the needle,
so aa to press it firmly Into Us "V'f bed;
tho cap was then unscrewed back the mer
est trifle, so as to allow only a sixteenth
of an Inch upward motion to the needle.
This does not entirely obviate jumping, but
returns the needle to its seat pretty
promptly whenever it hops. Wire was then
bound round the bottom threads of -the boss
to prevent the cap screwing Itself down
and binding the net-die down altogether.
Another plan Is to drill a hole In the top
of the cap and use a set screw and lock-nut
to damp the needle; tnd yet a third is to fit
a light spring soldered to a disc or
thimble insldo the cap, which resists the
jumping of the needle, allowing the gaso
lene to force the needle up by meant of
the float.
The prevention of any collection , of
carbon or' metal dust In' the high tension
compartment 's a matter to guard against
In the operation of combination contact
makers and synchronised high ' tension
distributers. If this accumulates 'uncertain
ignition Is likely, to result,
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of all other makes combined, the popularity
of the car Is shown.
The old question of whether It Is better
to own a four or a six-cylinder Is again to
be discussed at the coming show and the
answer will have to como from the users
of the different types of machines. The
matter is still In the air and tho future will
have to decide whether the six-cylinder car
will hold Its own or not. At present the
demand of the public r this class of cars
keeps the makers busy filling orders, and
there is no letup In the demand. America
was the first to push this type to the front
and did this against the precedent of Eu
rope, which had heretoforo been looked
upon as the most progressive In automobile
manufacturing. There are now ninety-four
makers manufacturing six-cylinder cars, of
whom thirty-five are in America, twenty
five In England, twenty-five In France, six
In Italy, two In Belgium and one in Ger
many. One company of American manufacturers
thinks It can answer the question by the
statement that It has put out oyer 1,000 sizes
and all of them are running today and
giving the best of satisfaction. Another
argument put forward in favor of the six
cylinder car Is that there Is not a record
of one. owner among the 1,000 mentioned
above who har gone back to a fpur-cyllnder
car.
The question of what becomes of the old
automobiles finds an easy answer In Omaha
at the present time. They are ' all in use.
The automobile Industry Is so young that
few cars have become so old and decrepid
that they are of no. further- use, . It an
owner wishes a more luxurious ' car he
simply trades In his old car for what he can
get and It Is sold to someono who wants
to break Into the list of automobile users
at a small cost and is willing to buy a
second-hand car. Theso cars are also used
In the rent business, which, while profit
able, is hardly large enough at present to
permit the auto livery men to buy' the
higher priced cars for knocking over all
sorts of roads at all times of the night.
Few cars are on the scrap piles in Omaha,
but there is little doubt but that In a few
years there will be quite an automobile
scrap pile.
Work for the Feet.
The show will show a growing demand
for an accelerator by which the throttle Is
manipulated by the feet, Ono machine
shows a clever Idea by which the throttle
is opened or closed by a lateral motion of
the foot Instead of pressing down on the
pedal. The argument in favor' of . this is
that it is less Urvsoma than keeping the
foot In a seml-ralscd position.
Another debatable point is raised by the
makers of the cone and multiple disk
clutches and the honors seem to be about
even in the debate. If anything' the disk
has gained in popularity during the year,
but the adherents of the other styles Ijave
so many arguments In their favor that it
seems to be a matter of personal prefer
ence. Good brakes are always necessary on a
motor car and Iho designers are always
looking for - some way to Improve the
brakes. Many manufacturers have in
creased the braking surface and there seems
to be an Inclination to get away front the
metal to metal friction surfaces and to use
such material as camel's hair belting,
leather raybestos, thermuld, etc. Double
brakes on the rear wheel hubs Instead of
brakes on the driving shafts are also
popular.
How Tires
The making of tires Is one of the most
Interesting phases of the automobile In
dustry. The advance made In this particu
lar branch of what has come to bo one of
the greatest factors in American Industrial
life in truth are amazing. Automobile
tires are made in two ways, or rather, two
distinct .ways and a combination of the
two. These two ways are" "moulded"- and
"wrapped thread," and all tires may be
dlviaed between these clurses with ono
exception, which combines what Is said
to be the best points of both.
The "moulded" tire Is built up layer by
layer on an Iron core. Over It is' clampgd
an Iron mould. It then goes to the vulcani
se rs. Here heat expands the rubber, creat
ing enormous - pressure , Inside the mould,
whloh forces a perfect union between the
layers of rubber and fabric, which go to
make up the' tire. This pressure U so
tremendous that a two-inch cube ot rubber
enclosed In a cast-iron mould with walls
two inches thick will crack the iron when
subjected to the beat of the ' vulcanizer.
The weakness of the process lies in the
fact that the building up of the fabrlo and
rubber pieces is an operation requiring skill
and dexterity. If the strips of fabric over
lap ever so little, there's a ridge. If they
fail to meet by the fraction of an inch,
there's a hollow. These ridges, hollows,
Irregularities, are said In the curing to
become hidden weaknesses ' and defects,
because of which one "moulded" tire will
last only 1.800 to 1.000 miles, while its mate
stands up perfectly for 12,000 to U.OOO miles
of hard riding.
The "wrapped tread" tire Is built up layer
by layer on aa iron core la the tarns
1 Ss-if'iAi
NAMES OF TI1E AUTO'S PART
Technical Patter of the Craft Made
Clear for Multitude.
GLOSSARY FOB THE BEGIN5EES
Learn These Words and You May
Be Able to Tell What the
' Salesman Is Talking;
About. 7
The Omaha Automobile show Is preparing
to entertain thousands of visitors and some
of these will know all about automobiles
and some will be a little deficient, espe
cially In regard to the spcclfio terms. which
are applied to the different parts Of the
machines.
But It is clearly apparent that the aver
age citizen knows a few things about auto
mobiles; that he can discuss the relative
merits of the four and slxrcylindor engines,
the saving of time and worry brought about
by, the Invention of the. demountable' rim;
that he la wise to the shaft drive and chain
drive arguments, and that his knowledge
Is well grounded. It will be particularly no
ticeable that Young America Is wiser even
than his daddy, for tho boys will wander
from booth to booth and display a wonder
ful amount of knowledge concerning the
automobile.
' On the other hand, those nbt familiar with
the motoring parlance will be densely Ig
norant. The salesman might just as well
talk Volapuk as to attempt to describe the
mechanical- beauties of the cars they repre
sent, and It was suggested that ' The Doe
publish a glossary of automobile terms for
the benefit of those Just taking their first
lessons in motoring.
"Chassis" is a word that puzzles rhany,
yet to the initiated It is clearly compre
hensible that the term means the skoleton
of the automobile before the body Is
mounted on it. 'The word 'is both singular
and plural.
"Tonnenu" Is another word that is a puz
zler, but which is so commonly used that
the unedueated prefer to -make belle vet they
undei stand rather thsn to' show their ig
norance. The word Is. applied to the rear
part of tho body In which the passengers
sit and the plural of It Is tonneaux.
"Carbureter" sounds mysterious oave to
those familiar with automobiles. In reality
it Is the gas-making apparatus Into which
the gasoline runs after which It is -converted
Into gas by being mixed with 'air be
fore being shot into the cylinders. -
"Transmission" and gear set are aomo
v.hat synonymous and vores the gear shift
ing apparutus, while "control" applies to
the method of handling the gasoline supply
and tho spark, either retarding or advancing
the latter or opening or closing the throttle
on the supply of gas. v
"VVheelbase" Is not so strange because of
the fact the term was used In tbVcycling
days,- andof course nearly everybody has
ridden a bicycle. That means the length of
the car from the front hub to the rear one,
while "tread" applies to the width' of the
machlno. "Clearance" covers the distance
between the ground and the lowest point on
the chassis, usually the axles, and these
figures give one a fair Idea of what' sort of
roads can be covered In that particular
make of automobile to which rt refers.
VRadiator" does not mean the heating
apparatus one might suppose. Instead. It Is
Just the contrary, being tho device' in the
front of the chassis through which the
water circulates that Is used for the pur
pose of keeping tho engine cool. There are
various types of these, cellular, tubular,
etc., but all used for the same purpose.
"Clutch" is a word often heard at the
show, the meaning of which is that It is the
medium by which the power of the engine
Is connected with the rear wheels 'of the
car, sometimes by means of chains' and
again by means of shaft drive.
"Uonnet" and "hood" mean the ' same
thing, being applied to the metal covering
that Is placed over the engine when U is
located In front of the dashboard.' -
Are Made
manner. But before curing, the iron core
Is replaced by an. air bag an extra strong
inner tubo. And instead of being clamped
In an Iron mould it Is wrapped about with
many layers of strong tape nd is then
cured (vulvanized) in live steam. The com
pressed air bag smooths out all the Irregu
larities in the layers as your hand smooths
out wrinkles in a garment there can- be
no hidden ridges or hollows to induce
blowouts and cut down the milage. But
it dues not give the terrific squeeze that the
moulded tire gets, thus lacks 'CQheslvencss
and unity loses durability and strength.'
Besides these two methods of tire mak
ing; there Is also the combination of the
two, employed by the Qoodyear Tire and
Rubber people. The tire Is first put on the
iron core, clamped In the Iron mould, the
same as the "moulded"' tire, and enclosed
In hyfdaullc press vulcantanrs, surrounded
by live steam uttil the rubber baa expanded
to the utnibut until the squeezing has
reached v t'o limit.
-. Thon before tha. rubber is fully set while
It Is still plastic it Is removed from the
vulcanizer and - carefully Inspected, the
tread' applied, ' the iron core is replaced by
the air bag, the iron mould by the winding
of heavy tape. It is Inflated on a rim, put
back Into tho vulcanizer and left until
the curing process is complete. The Iron
core and the squeez weld the tire Into
an Inseparable whole. The air bag then
smooths out any wrinkles, furrows or Ir
regularities which may have been bidden
from the Inspector's eye.
Th result is said to be that the Ure Is
as firmly knit together In all Its parts ss
the best "moulded" tire and as free from
defects as the best "wrapped Ue4" tire.