TIIE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: FEBRUARY 7, 1909.
- -!! I
3
Horace White on a
BT HORACE WHITE.
(Copyright. IK, by th. Crle.go Tribune.)
HE rrlllral nmrinA In Ih. Ilf.
- B ' - " " ' '
I I Abr",hm Lincoln and In th
y I history of the United States
embraced In the four
month. succeeding hie election
aa president. It ! th. m.
nly accepted belief that In thla int.ri
7 " cnl" D"Tlr agalnet any sur-
render of the principle, uton which he
had bean elected. Thla belief la well
founded. If he waa a barrier at all ha
muat hare been the principal one, becauee
,on oul' keep all the other barrlera
erect and firm, while If ha failed none nf
tha othera would bava been of any avail
whatever,
At Springfield. lit., on November So. MAIL
-no
1' celebration of the election of The pagea of the Congressional Globe of
unooln and Hamlin, at which apeechea 18fl0-l make tha two moat Intenaely Inter
wara made by Senator Trumbull, John M. eating political volumes In our country's
. "r ana cnard Tatee. Mr. Lincoln
had bean urged to say something at thla
meeting that would tend to oulet the rla
tag aurgea of disunion at the south, but
hr thought that tha time for him to apeak
had not yet come. Ha wished to let his
record apeak for him, and to see whether
tha commotion In tha alava holding statea
would Increase or subside. Meanwhile he
desired that tha Influence of thla public
meeting at hla home ahould be peaceful
and not Irritating. To thla end he wrote
tha following words and privately handed
them to Trumbull, and aaked him to make
them a pert of hla own speech:
"I have labored In and for tha republi
can organisation, with entire confidence
that whenever it shall be In power each
and all of tha atatea will be left In aa com
plete control of their own affairs, re-
f"u"'7. no at aa perfect liberty to
)Chooss and employ their own meana of
protectlng property and preserving peaca
and order within their respective limits
aa they have ever been under any admin-
innuon, Tnoee who have voted for Mr.
A-incoin nava expected and a till expect thla,
and they would not have voted for him had
iney expeciea otnarwlee. I regard It aa
extremely fortunate for tha peace of tha
whola country that thla point, upon which
tha republicans have been so long and
ao persistently misrepresented. Is now
brourht to a practical test and placed
oeyona tne possibility of a doubt. Dli
ieViK.MloTrJryW
pereelva they cannot tnuoh inn,. .,
tain aa aprehension .n, th. ao.Z-
people that their homes and firesides are
to ba endangered by the action ot tha
federal government. With such 'Now or
Never la the maxim. I am glad of the
military preparations In tha aouth. It will
enable tha people the mora eaaily to aup-
any uprisings there which those mis-
repreaentatlone of purpose may have en-
couraged." These words were Incorporated
i . wvw.cn uo were pnniea
light on his attitude toward compromise
after tha election:
(PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.)
"Springfield. I1L, Dec 10. lSSO.-Hon. U
Trumbull : My Dear Sir Let there ba no
compromise in the question of extending
larery. If thara be, all our labor la loat,
'and are long muat ba done over again. The
dangerous ground that Into which some of
our friend. hava a rsmkiin-- . Z
pur xnencai nara a cankering to run Is pop-
or. Ha, non. of It. SUnd firm. Th.
tug has eomas and bter now than any
ubi aaraaiter. xours as aver,
"A. LINCOLN." Ma
....... .w.,-rr-. manuscript in u, to ,e. fam. 0nly ln the happines. and this aubject; I knew. I saw. I felL that he between the two ex-a-overnors waa most v. . . . . ""."'. "" "-a prr.. wouiu ... ri ,)U , tnp
nco,n. nanowm ng I. tin preaerved. prosperity of our country." Th. other was: had no pther ob.ect than to c.rrv out Lin- m.rw x,r .,,, ...llv in- lM "cenl a v" to attack him; there would hav , of ntern
. " -Ther. sr. hlaher motive, with which to coin'. t,ulicv , r.,.,,. .. un.i- fu'Z, k t,. ,.H...n. " enunciated by our pre.ldent-e.eci. vvii .am been no American cabal to take advantage exn..inn n the
Tne) rouowtng latter from Lincoln throw k,.. . 1n.r.t ... " . . . , ... .........P . r. ji. Tart. All ot these .entlmenu ana view, of auch attack, organised a dvnaatlc revo- -r .
; tlV(." I I UtIS 1 1AL. )
! "Springfield, UL, Deo. 17, 1860-Hon Ly
I man Trusobull: My Dear Sir Tours In
' closlns Mr. Wade'e latter, which I her. with
return, is racelvaa.' If any of our friend.
,to prara fale. and fix up a compromise
n tha territorial oueatton, I am for fighting
J..' again that la all It I. but repetition for
ma to ear I am for an honeat .nr,.,....,
.
1 of tha eofurtltutlnn fn-itiv- .1
- ... gi.ub.
Included.
1 . "Mr. GUrnar ef North Corollna wrote ma
and I answered confidentially, inclosing my
f letter to Governor Corwtn, to be delivered
'or not. as ba might lam prudent. I now
i Incloaa you copy of 1L Tour, aa aver,
"A. LINCOLN." MS.
(CONFIDKNTIALO
"Rnrtnft-IJt Til T . v
!n ' siriTh-ur
"I -w HW.-HOH, i,y.
t ti i m nun1 uw n... ni.. m. .
. nt.r a nuriow
Weed waa with ma nearly aU day veaterdav
i... ., .
u i.fiv wuu inrM anort reaolu.
Uon. which I draw up and whlcit Te
sub. tan oe of which. I think would do much
good If Introduced and unanimously aun.
ported by our frWida. They do not touch
t tha tarrltorlal queatlon. Mr. Weed cosa tu
Wsahlniton with th.m. and aay. ha will,
( ... w. wu.or wivn you ana Mr. Hal-
lln. X think It would ba beat for Mr. Seward
. i. louoiuB. uuul mnn m w,. 1 1 1
- -www will
him know that I think so. Show thla to
Mr. Hamlin, but beyond him do not let
niy name ba known In tha matter.
"Tours aa aver.
"A. IJNOni.N " un
Onls Osa liim-i.
Tha flrat of tho three resolutions named
- waa to amend the constitution by providing
that ao future amendment should ba mad.
u.. M.Htf.A.- w. i.,..,... ...
B.....a vwu.'v- " w ,M..i v wi.u
slavery In tha atatea where It existed by
law. Tha sacond was for a law of con-
greas providing that fuglUva slaves cap-
tured should have a Jury trial. The third
-.recommended that tha northern atatea
1 '.k..IH "mvUw th-lr irunal llh-rtv
m . ,
lawa Only tha first one met the approval
I of tha committee to which it waa referred.
fix -x vwv-yia.iu. b-
I Jortty,
"SprlngfWld, IU., Dec. M, 1860,-Hon. Ly
Trumbull:
ba abla to offer Mr. Blair a place ln tha
cahtnt. but I cannot as yet be committed
OD. ""'kt0 "y MUnt Wht"V,r' .
"Dlapatchea have come her. two daya In
"T100 th1 th rrU ln Carolina
WU1 b. rr.oA,4 b, ord.r. or connt at
.tlrtL ""r1,"-
Ueve this, but if It proves tru. I will, if
our frl.nds In Washington concur, an
nounce publicly at one that they are to
bo takea after the Inauguration. Thla
will give tha union men a rallying cry, and
preparatlona will proceed somewhat on thla
aid aa well as on tha other. Tours as ever,
V "A, LINCOLN." MB.
IJncoln ad communicated hla viewa to
Seward both by latter and through Thur
low Weed, and It aaenied probable tha
Seward was thus restrained from following
Wm4 la support of th. Crittenden plan to
restore and extend th. Missouri compro-
anise Una. Steward's Idea, aa explained In
his speech of January SI. 1861. waa that
libarty waa no long.r In danger, becauee,
as ba said, there were only twoney-four was pver and over again boasted that ln
slaves ln tha whola territory aouth of the those clauses of tha conatitutlon which pro
Una of M degrees. 10 minutes, and weet vlded for the assumption ot the presidential
af tha Missouri boundary, embracing mora office by th. vie. president. In tbe case
than l.OOO.Out square miles, slthough, under of tbe death of th. former, the fathers of
th. Dred Scott decision, all United 8tates tha republic bad made the best possible
territory waa slave territory
wished to take alavea
half yeara had passed
waa rendered and they
selves af their opportunity
teat of one slave
BiUea. Therefore he
to every MOO aqua. Mr. Uncoln's cabinet just aa his death republic they died to sava. I pray that worrlea and small annoyances. Ha workad which commemorate that dead .houM fm .1 ,', i v,. ' hav. nnaratl noon th- .i. -.
r question ot slayery In th. t.irltorle. any assurances that th. n.w president would anguish of your ber.av.msnt. and l-ava by th. need ot attending aa beat h. could which It Is of Inestimable conaequenca that m. hi. aurroundinrs Into conaideratlon and Both aides would have uaed th. l.t-rv-i
longer a practical one. His logic was d- continue tha eamn policy toward ths south- you only tha cherished memory of th. to a multitude of email tasks. It Is a touch- America should possess. ,h. k,.v. ha ourauad. I bell.v. that of mock him to raia f- .v-
Influences
. . , M M
r"u""1 ,0 acquiesce In the Dred Scott de-
" mt"
r'lon outh of minutes. The
practical queatlon wi: What would hap-
Pn If the party ahould now withdraw Ita
opposition 10 slavery merer Mr. newara
iM not address himself to thla branch of
the subject. The effect of hie apeech. how-
ever, waa to conv nre many newsparers and
people that ha would vote for tha Crlttcn-
den meaeure In the end. That he did not
Vote on It at all muat be ascribed to tha
fact that he knew that no com pro mine on
tha territorial queatlon would be consld-
rl hv T.ilnln
history. They embrace tha last worda that
the north and aouth had to say to each
other before tha doora of the temple of
Between President
(Copyright. 1909. By tha Chicago Tribune.)
COMMENCED to keep a dairy
after my return home from
England In IBM. but It was not
until about tha time when I
east my vote for Abraham Lin
coin aa president that tha en
tries began to be of public Interest. Thla
waa my first vote, for I waa not quite of
In the preceding campaign, and I am
happy now to recall that I voted for so
good and great a man. Let tha youth of
the present day think over this fact and
guard well their auffragea that although
half a century has alnce rolled away, a
citizen has causa to atlll remember with
pride and emotion tha vote ba cast for
preaident of the United Statea
When the war took place 1 fitted out sev-
eral bundled union volunteera at my own
expense, tha offer to that effect appearing
in the New York Herald of April, 1861.
n . ... . . . m i
though I wanxlou. and offers to do .o.
I devoted my anergiea to tne cauae or tne
"-'n " cusslon of patriotlo questions.
Among my earnest eiiona waa a pampniec
entitled "Gold Money and Paper Money."
It waa thla book fuinlahed tha occasion of
an Interview with, Mr. Lincoln. This oc-
curred ln the midsummer of 63.
Tha preaident received me kindly and
took notice of two pasaages ln tha book
which had some bearing on aubsequent
evonta. One paaaae alluded to "those
higher paaaiona of our nature wmcn leaa
of an axecutlve-motlvee that exhibit to
him tha gloriou, de.tlny of being regarded
tha aavlor ot hi. country, tha protactor of
1U liberties, and the preserver ot It. fame;"
almoat a forecast of Lincoln', .ubaequent
anahrlnement In th. heart, of his country-
men. During the same year, upon being
introduced to Bec.Ury Cha aa the
'utnor ot ih plp'r uo8,Miuenl" "u"-
...w- - hi.f ..ilj th- v.rr
uthor of th. paper, .ubsequenuy puo-
" " t,." ,n.7. ... v. Iue.
r"" Uu.hed good naturedly
... .v.- .rtiio. rnntain-d
" .
:rj:r:ZZZt .l
" -
auu. -
. , . .v. ..111 ,n k. rnn
mouKu copie. ui uiu -
ln soma of tha publlo llbrarlaa.
Mr. ward'. K.c.pe.
.... ,
ter th. .urrender oi General
Leo at Appomattox court hou.e tha kind
wkivm v - - .v. uu, jiu wurua ul mini v una ciuir axisLocraiio ones, xic u.u uia cjo
Uon-namely: mat unoer tne wuu.uc. i wno amended and perfected them; he who states could become member, of th. Amer- Z n"h.. rtAnument waa the result of a h. h" " . " 1" . ",""v,:u ur :L VT - - nrealdent'' frdra the outaet
sudden accassion. of currency prica. do inserted that crafty C.um in the appro- lean union only by th. organUed action of S,:.! U tllr. TTrJZ a'y' betw en LcZK Ja.
not respond aimultaneou.ly, but In a sort priatlon act of March. 1867. which unnoticed ach and the concurrent action of th. ex- ."1 hv .h. cabinet chosen by Mr. Un- too m !k. ? ! ... b ' . Z.a a' Irhoat' of a chance Ws
of rotation or proceaalon. governed by th. by tha un.u.plciou. president, deprived bin, l-tlng national government." Answer- gLT ""0'' w 1 1 '1? d,fflcu,t'- Th" 'hd '".t if Seward h.5
relatlv. -importanc. and marketability ot of his constitutional command o ?th mS Mr. Johnson held th. same opinion and oj PJ Succer. and it must. J", ""J""" b.t Prertdent John,n. now able to W f Lincoln thVr.
the articles affiled. Acting upon this sug- and made him practically a state "suspect." language. therefore b regarded m In every eenae J" Bo utw hlm cr 'or both k n o armedrwhi ta nc. to
...tlon. I published an elaborat. trsatUe and h. who ,ur.u.d Johnaon not on o Space forbid, any further con.id.ratton T.' Mr incoln's policy o recon- h,hlBd """i 1 r."".., .ch. .t.t2
-.. - "J Pd.To?Th.VnlPdra7eV":.nto ffi'SSr 'i Twa. Seward'.
hearted president I Inured indeed I IZT. ,"e ZtZn h.m VriL ; and" Xn'tFLZZ. aent and .'very member of the cabinet had upon hl. publlo llf, and hl. ; ZTT. TZTlr Z .roe a
hand of on. a.ln.Tand both Mr Seward dated wln,B of Prellaent., joh.0n'. term of offic. the their ear. to the ground, and it was not Mr. Uncola; ,Ucce..or in office, candor nt AmerS.m Z th. confeder
and hi. .on wer. terribly wounded by an- vhat calIe1 ..lf.mad; m.tr con.umpUon of whisky throughout th. only Imprudent, it wa. p.rllou. to remove m, ,ay Mr Johnon ' outgrowth , of Jhu, con
other, tha design having been to also kill .hrowd. -usnicJou. .n h k...' ' : United State, mora than doubled: in ho.h them. The recon.tructlon policy embodied , .-.n-o, ahared tBem wllh hlm tJ t atatea waa an oulgrawin "' "
f:rirjohhn.rth",r
, i it, vmi lii .iu...n - i
- ,v" " - ui uruaoar rjnaaes
cripple the administration, out inrougn
h.n- th- latt-r eacaned. six or
" i - -
-ven yea-i afterward, while aitting with
Secretary Seward upon the back porch of
hi. realdence In Washington, I aaked him
to .how me his wound. He exhibited a
ghastly cicatrix extending from the right
r downward almoat to the collar bone,
na w.a nui uii. vuu'iu. -
n01 miracle; yet hla vitality was ao
. t in., n r nnvr o wrnra nil on.
...
though both of them lingered for a long
Urns under the anxtoua care of the surgeon
general.
The assassination of tha president threw
th- Mimm int.-. th- rrutnt -onf.iaion.
i.h.. ,.a ..
Ger.eral Dick Taylor ln th. aouth and Gen-
.raj Kirby Smith In the tranamiaaieslppl
war. still In arms, and nothing but the
. . . .... ...
prcmpt ana aociaea action oi i-resiaeni
johnaon prevented a recrudescence of the
desperate struggle. He was at once aworn
Jr,to office as president, making hla head
quarters ln the treasury building, from
Whenc. he promptly lasued several lm-
.. . . .. ... .
portant prociamauona as president and
commander-in-chief of the army and navy.
0n- proclamation expressed his deteata-
ticn of th crJm thAt hma
mltted and hia stern determination to pur
aue and punish its authors, a promise
" which ha kent to th. latter. Annlh-r nn.
off.rKl a of oo.uoo for the appre-
hen.,on of tn, crlminala Another one re-
lated to th. operations of th. .rmiea. anl
,tll, ,nother to unlon and lh
oonfederaU pr,vateera .
rjeuo,,. from Iulnol., Ohio. New York
trom almoat every auto In th.
union visited him from day to day, headed
by th. moat distinguished men in the coun
try, all anxious to obtain assurances In
sympathy with the excited state of the
nation and to hear from hla lips tha course
he intended to pursue. These assurances
were moat ample and aatiafactory.
Trylasr Crlala.
, JnTrkV nZr l: I pT""1
I hTrJt f h ,1 emph.sl.ed
afl, a 1 -1 . . . ,,
hla determination to punish the authors of
th. assassination; and the preaa almoat unl-
versally declared that Mr. Johnson at a
most trying crisis bad faithfully reflected
the wishes ot the people and borne himself
with great dignity, propriety and credit, lt
lf anybody provision for such a calamity aa that which be any word of mine which ahould ,tml of th. w,ae.t taDort.nc. .v., to run ah. bora to die for th. union ahooiH h- only "T. " . " r'y'. " left Ita atln. b.hlnd tn th- north .km.T;:
thith.r. Three and a had befall.n th. country. Mr. Johnson's sltempl to beguile you from the grief of of the areete.t m.anltuda: an -v ,.. In our minds: for ah- . ,k 71 Ul,t. l"V eociatl.. would hav- muI.iM.,
sine that decision aiectiM to the vie. prldency as a union lo-s so overwhelming. But I cannot re- through and across hla plan, to meet th llf. and death, typified .11 that l. h-., ' t ot "! 'a . " . .round railway would h-v- " 7-
had availed them- democrat, hi. axperlenca as a union gov- raln from tendering you tha consolation Erect a,n,er. ,n! -r.a, re.Don.ibllitle. ... hl.he.t ln our national ..latency th- ...... ".Ti." Z .l" ZZ ... I.' IZZ bualn.u than .v.r. othr ,.ZZ7.Z
only to th. ax- ernor ot Tenne.ee.. and tha retention of that may ba found In the thanks of the ,hot the woof of an Infinite number of .mall deed itself and the words of th. .r.a ""V"1 ZZZ ZZ mlrht hav arlaan. All th... ,hi . ".T.
did not consider the bed had left It wars regarded as BurfiUnt our Havenly rather may assuage ths out his great task whU. unc.aatn.lv h . on. of thoaa h.ritaaea for all A.rf f" a ..... hot t-mo th- ....h t. ..
Critical Period in
That Worked Together to Bring About Results of Lasting
janis were thrown open to the civil war.
Aa the moment of parting approached the
iamruaB;e became plainer, and Ita most
mark-d rhara.t-H.ti,. .. t.nt int t.t
hatred M... ih. i.n,..nt. h..t f.n.ir.
to understand each other. It was aa though
the men on either aide were looking at an
object through glasses of different color,
or arguing In different languagea. or wor-
ahlplng different gods. Typical of the dis-
putanta were Jefferson Davla and Lyman
Trumbull, men of eauallv stronr convlc-
tlona and high breeding, and moved equally
by love of country aa they understood the
term. Davie made three speeches, two of
which were on the general aubject of de
bate and one his farewell to the aenate.
The first, singularly enough, waa called
out by a resolution offered by a fellow
aoutherner and democrat. Green of Mis-
ourl (December 10, I860), who proposed that
Extracts from the Diary of Alex del Mar
recognising aa cltlsena of auch atatea those
who had remained true to the flag.
That auch waa Mr. Lincoln's policy Is
placed beyond controversy by hia proclama
tion of December I, 18(3, In which he an
nounces) hla willingness to recognise any
loyal government which may be aet up In
the south by aa many aa one-tenth of tha
Vetera of 1900, and In hia message to con-
gresa in which, ha proposed a definite plan
of reconstruction on the basis or amnesty,
an oath of future loyalty, and the exclusion
of ax-aeceasionlsta from high office.
When the excltment attending the assaa-
In.ilnn Kmii jr. r.lm rinain tha nrealdent
enunciated theaa views more and more am-
phatlcally ln hla responses to delegations,
satisfaction. Even U-.e extreme abolition-
and they were received with the higr.es
tt - .nY..A U'noal I m- 11 1 ( rvai In a
-Peoch at the Cooper institute aa.d that
i(ui yea uu i i i
Andrew Johnson," whose principles and
--"""- uuuu, .uu wuv.u
entire faith." "Andrew Johnaon
the fully trusted, needless u be
watched leader of the American people,"
declared the oiator, and tne auJlance eg. ted
wltl him ln a tremendoua buret oi ap-
plauae.
Knew Hint Intimately.
I knew Mr. Johnaon intimately; I waa
with him a great deal; I knew
ut. day will auffic to ...awn... . ,t
the very converse of which wa. mad. tha
ground of an impeachment c.r.fuily drawn
up and managed by auch a.tute lawyer,
ad experienced politician, a. Thad Stevens,
Georg. 8. Boutw.ll. John A. Bingham. Ben
jamln y. Butlsr( W1, an wu
,ltun.. M tn, fll..t mDg the.. man.
Me Governor Boutweil waa chooaen aa
" Governor Boutweil waa chooeen aa and Independence of the country the ef-
.... ....
l ""f.11. " 77
11 7Z2r T'Z " ."tT. "T,
- ...... uaw .v-u.u. -u.i.b
leaoina- anint oi
,- . . - '
k. " r" "."!!W. "P
a mi tav.V V& 1 1 11 UillilUUL, 11.
BB.i.ie ana lit peraecuted
. . . . " TO
"'Mni waa nurrled tn hi. trt hut
who continued to puraue him in magaaine
articles long after hla death.
I Jo knew Mr. Boutwell, We wera mem-
eraj .
lno,dantlJll, ,h " "
r'"dicti.v-:
vinti niv. ivnnran. ... . v. . . . .
and relatione of political life, ianorant of
r . .. . . :.
vi me tricxa Ot flnanclera. uz-
norMt of forelgn iansull Md Sure.
of foreign Intrigues, of foreign polttica, and
of Ita bearings upon our own. Ha waa con-
ceited In that he thought he "knew it
all," when he did not; and he waa tha un-
conscious tool of men far better Informed
uie ana aeaignlng than him-
self. 1 could name them, but I refrain.
f urBivn nnnf i r nt . . . . i n . t
". " ww m L l i . inuney
which was "lifted out of Boulwell's da-
plorable blundera.
Not Opposed to Lincoln
. . "
years ago Mr. Boutwell published
n article ln aoma New York magaaine on
ImPchJnent of Andrew Johnson." tn
wJ',Cu ", "ouht to JusUfy this proceeding
. "owin tnt It waa based upon
opinions, uttterancea and at Inn. diam-trio.
..
J y opp to Mr' "ncoln's policy, or as
omtlme" termed It, the republican
J,oUcy' Amon "la chargea war. the fol-
, J
. ' do not "nd- -vlanc" which will
Justify the Statement that Mr. Johnann w..
., ... . -
o"ver In the right of a atata to
C. from . unIon-" Answer-Then he
.w. r-c-
President Roosevelt's Tribute to Lincoln
Expressive Appreciation of His Character
From the Review of Review.. ,
HE deed, and worda of the great
men of .the nation, and above all
T
the character of each of the.
foremoet men of the nation,
are one and all assets of Inea-
tlmable value to the republic
V.l-'
Lincoln'a work and Uncoln's worda ahould
be. and I think more and more are, part
ivi iimniaj lltlluUVDSl lUUII ICIIU lO
become living force, for- good clti.en.hlp
ouf opW Tnere om q
lettera which haa alway. appealed to ma
particularly. It ia the one running as fol
lows: "EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASHINO-
TON- Nov J1 ! To Mr.. Blxby, Bos-
ton, Mas..: Dear Madam I have been
shown in the files of the War denartment
a atatement of the adjutant aeneral of Uaa-
:.chute .t yo: i'zSrf's:
gonu who hav. died g.oriou.ly on th. eld
of battle.
there should be an armed police force pro
vided by federal authority to guard where
neceseary the dividing ' line between the
slave-holding and the nonslave-holdlng
atatea. to preserve the peace and prevent
Invasions and to execute the fugitive alnve
law. Thla scheme Davis considered a quack
remedy and he declared that he could not
give It hla support because It looked to the
employment of force to bring about a con
dition of aecurlty which ought to exist
without force. The present want of se
curity, he contended, could not be cured by
an armed patrol, but only by a change of
aentlment In the majority aectlnn of the
union toward the minority aection. Upon
this text he argued In" a dispassionate way
for a consld?iable space, ending In tluse
words:
'This unlcn la dtar to mo as a union of
fraternal atatea. It would lose Ita value to
Lincoln and President Johnson
ognlsed It when he saw It: for It appeara
In almoat everything that Johnson said,
wrote or did. He always disbelieved in and
denied the right of secession.
1 "When he became president he waa
an opponent of negro suffrage." Answer
Quite the contrary; he aald the negroea had
the same rlghta as tha whites, but that In
order to vote Intelligently It waa necessary
for them to ba trained. Thla la precisely
what Mr. Tart aaya today.
x. From a casual roadside conversation
with Mr. Johnaon, reported by hla former
chief of police In Tennessee, a man named
Hr-r-h.1l Mi- Rnntwall nvi (hut -it tnnar
be accepted aa evidence, quite conclusive,
that in February, 18t. Mr. Johnaon waa
then oppoaed to tha policy of the tepub-
HCan party. He waa oppoaed to the disso-
lutlon of the union, but not necessarily
upon the ground that the union had a au-
prema Hght to exist." Answer-Just the
pmn !. m ciu Aiu.H-gusi me
opposite. Mr. Johnson repeatedly declared
mat ins union was uesigiieu 10 u a,
netulty and a republican example to the
world for all time." .
Answers to Boolwell.
4. "Mr. Johnaon a Inauguration apeech
In the senate chamber, directed apparently
to the diplomatic corps, excited appiehen-
slon." Answer Mr. Johnson simply re-
peated what Mr. Lincoln had already aald
, y..u , Naooleon. uoon tha
London haute finance, upon everything and
everybody who threatened the perpetuity
of the union. Indeed. Mr. Boutw.il him-
.elf admit, this. wher. he aaya that John-
.on adopted "without reaerv. tha policy
of xbrahan- Llncoi president." which
,ncIuded vlewlng .... enemle, to the peac.
and Independence of the country the ef-
1' " FTl. "!WT"0'"
"r,'OT"""1 ,u""""
nenu '
....... . . .
" "r:" :.e '!. .
Ul 1 b IJNiaVU gVVl.lVU .111., .1113 HVCUII1
eni. lor inm wa. unutmi; iuo oesign oi
... ... ....
una remarKatiia paper: out mere are one
or two other pointa that need letouching.
Mr. Boutwell in conclualon aaya that -there
was no evidence Implicating tha senators in
.m.,.,. . k
p? ,.
" ... .. - "iui
r .ni.. .r.r.m.ni. Tn nr...nt .n... i
happy to be able to concur with him.
v.. . .i.. . ...
wu.in.uti iiu.uui rc.crr.a 10 nia
P"' career when governor of Tennee.
" r1t of hla future policy. He
,ald:
If there ahall ba found ln any rebel
"ut vn 6,000 men ood tru they
w111 aeemed sufficient for the purpoae.
of reconatrucUon." He reiterated the Mon-
u"vuu" " " "e occupation
of Mexico by the French forcea under
auiuiiiian ana Dimniv iniimiiM r n.i haw
mvw
that the clv" wmr WM closed the attention
of the administration would be directed
among othera matters to that objectionable
Invaalon. There are reasons for believing
that It was thla Intimation, counted with
the hostility of tha British flnanri-r- -h
had Invested $600,000,000 In confederate
bonds, and other large sums ln confederate
warships, confederate blockade runnera and
nnf-i.t. -n..,n Mkut, ... . u . . .
. -, m.m .no luuuaa.
tlon of the aubsequent and Wholly un-
American attack upon Mr. Johnaon and tha
later Intrigue which grew out of It and tiad
tor lu ob)ct the overthrow of tha govern-
ment and the Installation of Ben Wade as
. r-vnlullon-rv n,..IH..t Ti.. i.i
--'.-. .u. ui.ri(ui
and tha Impeachment were American; but
the Initial attack. . aa will presently be
mown, wm nuaiiy unuin; not BrltUh
sacrifice upon tha altar of freedom. Tours
very sincerely and respectfully.
"A. LINCOLN."
Anv man wh h ..ni-4 th- rtt.
preaident realises ths Incredible amount of
administrative work with which the presl-
dent haa to deal even In tlmea of peace. Ha
la of neceaslty a very busy man. a much
driven nan, from whoae mind there can
" "ever be abaent for many minute, at a tlm.
vuiiatuci aaaiVIa Ut slUllia U1UU1CIU UI 1JII
port.nce, or of some matter of les. Impor-
tanc. wncn yH caue worry and
Under such clrcumstancea It la not tasy for
a president even In times of peace to turn
from the .flair, that are of moment to all
the people and conalder affalra that are of
moment to but one person. While this is
tru. of times of peace. It is of course In-
. .,
" ' ' 7 " wmr'
Pr,,,aent wno ver " the Whit,
zur0lrJ7:T' rn t uncon
' LT", JTZ?
I m Inn on & er .... i U.m rhn nirrarannA
" All AVI til A A UWU111CUV, Vii9 w..a...w- U lnlJ. TKI. . nr.ly.l., Tt.lil-l. . a MX . s , - a a.""
Life of the
ma If t had to regard It aa a union held to- obligations. If you can submit to them
gether by physical force. I would be happy that evidence. I feel confident that with
to know tha every atate now felt that tra- the evidence that aggreanlon la henceforth
ternlty which mad thla unloa possible: ami to cease will terminate all tha measures
If that evidence could go out. If evidence for defense, t'pon you of the majority sec
satisfactory to tha people of the south lion It depends to restore peace and per-
cecld be given that that feeling existed In
the hearts of tha northern people, you
might burn your statute books and wa
would cling to the union still. But It la
because of their conviction that hostility
and not fraternity now exiata In tha heart
of the people that they are looking to their
reserved rlghta and to their Independent
powera for their own protection. If there
be any good then which we can do It la
by aendlng evidence to them of that which
I fear does not exist the purpose In your
constituents to fulfill In the spirit of Jus-
tlca and fraternity all their constitutional
.
of the British people, but British as to the
residence and Influence or tha Instigators,
Troablea Beala Early.
Mr. Johnson repeatedly echoed tha decla-
ration of hia lamented predecessor that
the government of tha United Btatea waa
erected aa a perpetuity; that the constltu-
tlon provided for the admission of atatea,
but not for. their aeceaslon or destruction,
Bald be: "A rebellious state when It cornea
out of rebellion is still a atate; l bold
it a nign duty to protect and to aecura to
those atatea a republican form of govern-
ment;' "but auch a stale must be restored
hv Ita friends, not amothared bv Ita ena-
miea;" "I was opposed to dissolution and
am equally opposed to consolidation." He
agreed with Abraham Lincoln and dlaa-
greed with the radicals under Charles Bum-
ner; he refused to recognise Vance aa gov-
ernor ot North Carolina and would not
consent to withdraw the federal troopa
-
until tha loyal cltlsena of that atate had
- " m -
to a delegation of negro clergy ha aald:
"The nearoea bad the same right aa tha
whlles to be free; but as to cltlsenshlp
they needed to be trained, and they must
not expect to live ln Idleness or to be aup-
ported by the government." At a cabinet
meeting he pushed aside a suggestion to
declare the negioes of the soulu entitled
to suffrage, saying that It waa a queatlon
"
roval Bald L New iork aid
ri
' U jLonl X T rZ
iTvZ aaU.fltttou
'"uanout the union""
tuwuottl th unio"'
-roc... .on.
" Tk. 7.
ln.nurtmii. uroclamauoua. The Xlrat
n way w. in.
Unded amneaty to the enUr. .outh. except-
Ing fourteen cla.se. of pereon.. chiefly th.
. . . ... , .....
adcn oi U HDeiuon im
, . . . . ill..., .K. wnnd rlated
to tn. reconstruction .C th. .tat.
bie, for even II Mr. jonnsuu nau iu
' '. j ,
which in view of hia uaat career aim i.
public aaaurancea la Inconceivable. Mr.
Johnaon could not have Induced hla cab-
met to agre. upon any measure on thla
oppo.,Uon to Mr. Uncoln's view.
.nrt th-ir ..w lodgment. Both the preal-
r.,c"rrhapriihrrthVp
, . . . i
IrIecl ,cc0.ra w. ". . "
Die oi me unuea oisiea.
- ... ..ji,irtn
J ?'Z 1.1
preaa to foreign criticism or elae so amen
able to foreign persuasion that all of a sud-
- ,"h, it
wore, the press, which
,',,. K-tr- ..nr..rvdiv annroved. now
whony 00ndemned the policy of reconatruc-
tlon aanctioned by the Minted memory or
Lincoln and endoraed by hla colleaauea and
. . ,, . . v. n n . .,... w
in CSUUlf I. A. imivu uviviv, i.fc
came from England. Tha London Dally
Newa called Mr. Johnaon "a drunken me-
chanlc"; the Tlmea aald lt waa evident that
"Mr. Johnson cannot execute the task,"
and adviaed him to reahrn: while the email
f r of tha London nraaa followed their
leaders.
raaalHar Wltk Work.
My father had been a treasury officer for
. . H . .. v.
nun; jrwra, u . muu
hla office and ao became quite familiar with
treasury affalra. Thia now proved useful
Th. commlaslon had to report to congreaa
In January; ao I helped to atralghten things
out. Hayes was engrossed In a report on
..w.. -. ii .i.
in puuuo ucm, .wm urn r.ci.cay
nothing, and th. entire work fell on Wellea,
and Elliott, and, to aome small extent, mr.
elf. I collected matuial, Elliott formuUU
turn aside for the moment to do soma deed
of personal klndneaa; and It Is a fortunate
thing for the nation that In addition to
doln an i. a a v.
possessed that marvellous gift of expression
which enabled hlm quite unconacioualy to
choose the very worda beat fit to commemo-
rate each deed. Hla Gettyeburg sDeech and
hla second Inaugural are two of tha half
doeen greateat apeechea ever made-I am
aailtLVCU ' Velll UICU HIV l WO IrVlIMI ftVir
mad.. They are great In their wUdom. and
.arn..tne and , a ioft;n.
of thought and expression which makea
them akin to tha utterancea of the propheta
of th. Old Testament. In a totally different
way. but in etrongeet and moat human
fashion such utterances as his answer to
th. aerenadsrs Immediately after hla second
. ..... ...... . . .
u. i. . .UKa i oivt pout
above, appeal to us and make our hearts
.hrm-
..aTl?1-
muni nf Nnrth ('arollna UDon a lOYSl IOOI- countrv th- ... tt... .... . . ..,. 1 nnvnlinn of 1860 It IS VlQ6nt tllftli
Republican Party
Benefit
petunia the union of equal states; upon us
of the minority section rests the duty to
maintain our equality and community
rights; and the me ins In the one caae or
the other must be auch aa each can con
trol." Thla waa an explicit confirmation of what
Lincoln, In hla Coorer Institute speech a
year earlier, had atld was the chief dlf-
flculty of the north: "We must not only
let them (tha aouth' alone, but we must
somehow convince them that wa do let
them alone."
Tha next atep toward compromise which
"
V ;
it and Wellea used It In tha examination of
witnesaea. Tha upahut ot It ail waa mat I
waa appointed tha first director of tha
newly authorised bureau of statistics, com
merce and navigation, alnce amplified Into
tha Department of Commerce and Labor.
After I had got matter In my department
workln amoothlv. I waa summoned hv the
i j . i. ...i.. t,i i- .w.
iicaiuriii .it .ckb. nasin. fill,. hid irji-
aration of certain public papers. For thla
purpose I attended tha preaident In the
library of the White Houae, an apartment
adjoining the president's office, tha door
between them being always open, which
left me seeing but unseen; the silent wit-
OI ln" 'P'" """ emen u in my
-alrv' or which I can recall from memcry.
There were many Other Which It would ba
imprudent and pernapa miscmevoue to pub-
luh- Let the dead bury the dead,
In order to Judgo of the extent t
President Johnson would have ca
to which
carried on
' -"n poi.. i rrwiarm
Lincoln haa he been suffered to do so
uninterrupted. It ia neceasary to apeak by
the card.
It la commonly believed that had Mr.
Lincoln lived hla auperlor tact, great pres-
tlge, and the hold he had upon the affrc-
tlona of the people would have enabled htm
to carry out these measures of reconstruct
tlon which caused Mr. Johnson so much
difficulty. There Is no doubt that Mr. Lln-
coin would have succeeded becauae, had
ha lived, no French Imperial instigator nor
,ul,on' . P"ter '' ot Impeachment
'far -w.J V ah thr;' Ute, n1
" IrlZ? , "
" V ' I'
n J L T ? 't
ut hd hTb PP ' a co""rned'
ut 1had111he b'n "P0 th "m
j-.tHH U,ta-.
' -y -uequaio mean.
.ert.d by tho.a who- .worn duty It wa.
vi uvvuva. uau no uren ireacnerouaiy ae
to aupport h.m. badgered by tho metro-
. . . . -
fin t.n , .. . . .
poiuan pres. ana left to be made th. mark
t every tatrlant and plotter In tha
....
wipe the moisture off ha an-nt 1.. v,,.
. . --- -
" '""lu"' wron ,n
- J1
Joan.on Igaoraat of Flnanea.
m alluding to certain defect, of character
ln Governor Boutw.11 .hi,h h .
vj- ,n
"e trlcka of flnanclera. He appeared to
. i .....
me, as Indeed did another president, some
yeara later, when I reported to him th.
evidence I had taken on behalf of the
monetary commission, to "have no head
tor imurt., a peculiarity wmcn la not con-
n to presidents of the United Statea:
'or I have found the same defect In per-
occupying aimuai euany exauea posl.
tlona, both ln thla country and England.
rnr mm Mr innnMn wa. .mrw.-&
- -- ..r.-i ... - iutiv.m
upon, deceived, and cheated, in respect of
the wool bill of March 2. 1867. a bill which
ha had Intended to veto auch veto having
been carefully considered, drawn up, and
aim-it- v-t at tha laat moment he waa In
ih. v-tn -nt annrova the
bill. I have retained a oopy of this veto.
One of tha men who overreached him was
. internal revenue officer; tha other waa
. ... . i
an ex-governor. xoi o. num.,
ward appeared, were actuated by groaa
mercenary motives, and one of thorn made
a urge fortune out of It.
in Johnson's Stata.
Weighed In tha mperial acawa of hlatory
... . . h. -.ham-d
me uuuu.r uu . --
of lu twenty-third preaident. He waa
stamped In that same aevere but kindly
mom xroin wmcn ve u.rou
aeries of American executlvea. Whatever
heated partlaana or petty criuca may ejr
to th. contrary, an American preaident I...
to paaa through ao many acorchlng Ore. b
tore be can reach th. White , Hou. that
when he g.U there he I. thric. purified;
he 1. Iron and stiel and adainanL
Laat year (lv7). a few day. after th.
.r.. . . t.i..h in th i ais-
lature of Tennessee, and upon a motion to
appropriate KB.uuO for the federal cemetery
Greenville, where repoee the remains of
th- mconatructlon president and hla two
ons, Mr. Brownlow. a republican from one
the eastern dlatrlcta. won tha applauee
n vote of the houae with a ringing apeech
" behalf of the appropriation. Said be:
"Andrew Johnaon'a district furnished more
oldlere to the union service during the
dttvi of the rebellion than eny con-
Siasslonai district to h Unttafl iaiaa...n
yt w. were 10 mil.. Inside th. confederate
-
"ne
un' Mr' -n,rran: wn"
Wt e"1 Tenn".Sl,K " .fo"0V
bloodhounda; they bid their wlvea, oaugn-
t,r "d Jm" hrW ,,y Dy moon-
U"ht L . , .""i.fvLt.w.
across the mountains Into Kentucky and
... ... .. .. MtklM . ,
th7" loved aaaln.
m... un,on
"at. H was a member of th. United
confroite.l Lincoln during the tiltlcal period
Waa the movement It Itlated by the k-glsla.
turxa of Virginia, known a the John Tyler
reace conference. Thla waa bottomed on
the Crittenden plan of adjustment, with
tha Powell an endrrmt providing that It
ahould apply to all future acquisitions of
territory aouth of the line of 34 degree
M meridian. A letter from Dr. William
Jnyne to Trumbull, dated Springfield.
. . .. . , Oovrnop Yates
had rei.-iv.d t-iraranh dlsoatchea from tha
governors of Ohio and Indiana asking
whether Illinois would appoint peaca com
missioners In response to a call sent out
by the governcr of Virginia to meet at
Washington on the 4th of February.
"IJncoln." he continued, "advised Yates
not. to take any action at present. He aald
n, wouid rather be hanged by tha neck till
na waa dead on th alepa of tha capltot
tiaB buy or g a peaceful Inauguration."
But Mr. Uncoln'e worda neither hastened
nor retarded the accession of tha aouthern
atatea. The effective public sentiment of
tha aouth waa that avowed by Senator
Mason of Virginia In a caaual debate with
H
Trumbull on December X lftort, when ha
Id that tha election of anybody by tha re
publican party would result In a dlsmem-
berment of the union. The candidate, ha
added, might be a man or atraw, me pnnci-
pe, h. rf,prel.nted were the only things
the aouth would take account of.
Mr. Lincoln's record waa tht of a man
opposed to tha extension of alavery Into
tha territories of tha United States. If ha
had spoken at the Springfield meeting
of November 20 and had aald that he waa
willing to divide the unoccupied and un
organised territory between freedom and
-
alavery by a geographical Una he would
have rent tha republican party In twain
and disabled It from offering any effectual
resistance to any other demanda of tha
secessionists. Would auch a declaration
have atopped tha accession movement?
Evidently not. They had demanded not
a division of existing territory, aa tha
Crittenden plan provided, but the right
to take alavea to all tha territories and
noli them thore as property until aa-j
mltted to tne union as sisies. i n w.
Jefferson Davie" minimum. Would the
granting of half their demand four month
. u. - b
before Mr. Lincoln , J'""11
panled by an ?"Jto&
HID ,cj.uu..w.. - J
i whA mm A m ftha hlatorv of
thoae times can Imagine auch a thing.
Woald Not Have Stopped It.
Would the granting of all that they had
claimed before the election of Lincoln have
atopped accession after hie election T Not
if Mason spoke the truth In hla colloquy
with Trumbull. South Carolina took ateps
to secede before Lincoln waa elected and
It never paused an Inatant. It did not act
any abstract ineory nuoui
territories." Ita motor waa
combustion. It found apt
apeech of Senator Wtgfall
native South Carollnan, who
,ald: , -a, to you that w. cannot ..v.
P-. 'her '.' .d vour SoU'toi
,y" '
moetle?t v f.ncle. that It wa. poaal-
Jl "TJlJr Tat thla .g, by .ooth-
b, to lp TllZ CriUen-
ln vora' or, Verb1.P 3 ZJ, , ' th
den compromUea h. n, believe Ither
... T ."Z ...,.
duck ui . -
would hav. looked on quietly at th. coer
clon of South Carolina by a republican ad
, . . .
ministration.
To one looking back at th, republican na-
, ., . th- m.llrv
conviction that the policy
.. , . , .v..
.7' "0vement in the border atatea. and
wou,d then hav, .
'nal "' " ,.k. rerjentant Drodixal
T. ' odosJ to Inco n toeek a
on.. His proposal lo Lincoln to seek a
ssr
Vl " ." Zl -r.vii or. which to w.ld Oer
many to,ether, but it waa not an unpatrl-
otlo ona ,lnc. lt was bottomed on a deaira
to prcserve the union without civil war.
Traces of thla idea are found in th.
-
....h-a of Jefferaon Davla before hi.
...... ih Ha would hav. nraferr.d
that th, MOeaalon movement should not
,xtend beyond South Carolina, and to that
,nd n u,.,i aii hla Influence against tha
coercion ot that atate. Seward may bava
derived hla Idea from Davis, or, mora prob
ably, waa confirmed by hlm In an Idea to
which he waa previously inclined.
Garret Davis' Speech.
The question has been much discussed.
a.ni i- ...jmi. , .... .... ., . '.
Ford Rhodes ln his admirable history,
whether Crittenden's propoaed amendment
to the conatitutlon ought to have been
. , . . M. .....
niuinn or not. ine only piaualbl. argu-
ment for adopting lt would have been to
prevent aeceaslon and civil war; and here
lies a wide field for difference of opinion
aa to whether It would have prevented
them or not Garret Davis of Kentucky
a... . . .. .. . . . '
" yvnuuo io anow what were tha
fixed purpose, of the secessionists at that
time. In a apeech ln the aenata on Jan-
ury zt, ma, oa the resolution to mmI
gena,or Bright of Indiana, he said-
"What haV8 ey aald again and aa-alnT
Th. Vnltt4 8ute ,ov,rnrnentf j.".
, d
gov1ttDm,aV. glv. u. a blaLk
pf mayk
.... . . . . wrus
"",nkt lP-r our own con-
tlona and term, and w. can write n.
"d "Pon which wa will
" h7,L . ,urft,to th un'on.'"
A 2" r r ten on tht It would
nl "vu 0460 Acceptable to tha cotton
w'"ut the Powell amendment
plma 19 "ture acquisitions of territory,
'th that clause Included . would not
demanda hav. arisen thereafter for tha
acquisition or Cuba. Mexico, etc., 'for
future alave atatea. to maintain tha balance
of power In the eeneAe? It vu rjni.
- ahsaaM.aa -a
opinion that under th. Crlttended com
promlae wa ould hav. to acquire Cut
Cuba
within
few years under a new
lnr auaunlon. But wa admit that
vU would have been prev.nted for
Um- tog. and it tha Powell amend-
ment bad bean cast out, aa Crlttendan at
th' 1Jt tnom9ni deairad, slavery would
..m h.- ...ini . . ... ,
---- """a morm ana
urui curM. AU the elements of discord
?"b"r: ttk rbw,n tot
i."
of peaca and
i""" iwir wm "- - - v- m.i mm iu.ua tost icr, won. inus imtuwau nuuMiriLT, next to Lincoln btmaeir, pa was ths great- Irreprasalbla con 111 ot would have coma
durtji. U-sa taras aa4 a gXt rears Ad treaUln tfeam atiU aa -tatea, bat of only snust ba yours to hava laid aa aoatly a driven and abaorbad. eould yet as ssaa Whit. Heuaa. " Mt patriot of tha elrU war.- Uts. HOaACB WUirxT
' .' '
' v 1 . ' "
