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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 7, 1909)
TIIE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: FEBRUARY 7, 1909. - -!! I 3 Horace White on a BT HORACE WHITE. (Copyright. IK, by th. Crle.go Tribune.) HE rrlllral nmrinA In Ih. Ilf. - B ' - " " ' ' I I Abr",hm Lincoln and In th y I history of the United States embraced In the four month. succeeding hie election aa president. It ! th. m. nly accepted belief that In thla int.ri 7 " cnl" D"Tlr agalnet any sur- render of the principle, uton which he had bean elected. Thla belief la well founded. If he waa a barrier at all ha muat hare been the principal one, becauee ,on oul' keep all the other barrlera erect and firm, while If ha failed none nf tha othera would bava been of any avail whatever, At Springfield. lit., on November So. MAIL -no 1' celebration of the election of The pagea of the Congressional Globe of unooln and Hamlin, at which apeechea 18fl0-l make tha two moat Intenaely Inter wara made by Senator Trumbull, John M. eating political volumes In our country's . "r ana cnard Tatee. Mr. Lincoln had bean urged to say something at thla meeting that would tend to oulet the rla tag aurgea of disunion at the south, but hr thought that tha time for him to apeak had not yet come. Ha wished to let his record apeak for him, and to see whether tha commotion In tha alava holding statea would Increase or subside. Meanwhile he desired that tha Influence of thla public meeting at hla home ahould be peaceful and not Irritating. To thla end he wrote tha following words and privately handed them to Trumbull, and aaked him to make them a pert of hla own speech: "I have labored In and for tha republi can organisation, with entire confidence that whenever it shall be In power each and all of tha atatea will be left In aa com plete control of their own affairs, re- f"u"'7. no at aa perfect liberty to )Chooss and employ their own meana of protectlng property and preserving peaca and order within their respective limits aa they have ever been under any admin- innuon, Tnoee who have voted for Mr. A-incoin nava expected and a till expect thla, and they would not have voted for him had iney expeciea otnarwlee. I regard It aa extremely fortunate for tha peace of tha whola country that thla point, upon which tha republicans have been so long and ao persistently misrepresented. Is now brourht to a practical test and placed oeyona tne possibility of a doubt. Dli ieViK.MloTrJryW pereelva they cannot tnuoh inn,. ., tain aa aprehension .n, th. ao.Z- people that their homes and firesides are to ba endangered by the action ot tha federal government. With such 'Now or Never la the maxim. I am glad of the military preparations In tha aouth. It will enable tha people the mora eaaily to aup- any uprisings there which those mis- repreaentatlone of purpose may have en- couraged." These words were Incorporated i . wvw.cn uo were pnniea light on his attitude toward compromise after tha election: (PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL.) "Springfield. I1L, Dec 10. lSSO.-Hon. U Trumbull : My Dear Sir Let there ba no compromise in the question of extending larery. If thara be, all our labor la loat, 'and are long muat ba done over again. The dangerous ground that Into which some of our friend. hava a rsmkiin-- . Z pur xnencai nara a cankering to run Is pop- or. Ha, non. of It. SUnd firm. Th. tug has eomas and bter now than any ubi aaraaiter. xours as aver, "A. LINCOLN." Ma ....... .w.,-rr-. manuscript in u, to ,e. fam. 0nly ln the happines. and this aubject; I knew. I saw. I felL that he between the two ex-a-overnors waa most v. . . . . ""."'. "" "-a prr.. wouiu ... ri ,)U , tnp nco,n. nanowm ng I. tin preaerved. prosperity of our country." Th. other was: had no pther ob.ect than to c.rrv out Lin- m.rw x,r .,,, ...llv in- lM "cenl a v" to attack him; there would hav , of ntern . " -Ther. sr. hlaher motive, with which to coin'. t,ulicv , r.,.,,. .. un.i- fu'Z, k t,. ,.H...n. " enunciated by our pre.ldent-e.eci. vvii .am been no American cabal to take advantage exn..inn n the Tne) rouowtng latter from Lincoln throw k,.. . 1n.r.t ... " . . . , ... .........P . r. ji. Tart. All ot these .entlmenu ana view, of auch attack, organised a dvnaatlc revo- -r . ; tlV(." I I UtIS 1 1AL. ) ! "Springfield, UL, Deo. 17, 1860-Hon Ly I man Trusobull: My Dear Sir Tours In ' closlns Mr. Wade'e latter, which I her. with return, is racelvaa.' If any of our friend. ,to prara fale. and fix up a compromise n tha territorial oueatton, I am for fighting J..' again that la all It I. but repetition for ma to ear I am for an honeat .nr,.,...., . 1 of tha eofurtltutlnn fn-itiv- .1 - ... gi.ub. Included. 1 . "Mr. GUrnar ef North Corollna wrote ma and I answered confidentially, inclosing my f letter to Governor Corwtn, to be delivered 'or not. as ba might lam prudent. I now i Incloaa you copy of 1L Tour, aa aver, "A. LINCOLN." MS. (CONFIDKNTIALO "Rnrtnft-IJt Til T . v !n ' siriTh-ur "I -w HW.-HOH, i,y. t ti i m nun1 uw n... ni.. m. . . nt.r a nuriow Weed waa with ma nearly aU day veaterdav i... ., . u i.fiv wuu inrM anort reaolu. Uon. which I draw up and whlcit Te sub. tan oe of which. I think would do much good If Introduced and unanimously aun. ported by our frWida. They do not touch t tha tarrltorlal queatlon. Mr. Weed cosa tu Wsahlniton with th.m. and aay. ha will, ( ... w. wu.or wivn you ana Mr. Hal- lln. X think It would ba beat for Mr. Seward . i. louoiuB. uuul mnn m w,. 1 1 1 - -www will him know that I think so. Show thla to Mr. Hamlin, but beyond him do not let niy name ba known In tha matter. "Tours aa aver. "A. IJNOni.N " un Onls Osa liim-i. Tha flrat of tho three resolutions named - waa to amend the constitution by providing that ao future amendment should ba mad. u.. M.Htf.A.- w. i.,..,... ... B.....a vwu.'v- " w ,M..i v wi.u slavery In tha atatea where It existed by law. Tha sacond was for a law of con- greas providing that fuglUva slaves cap- tured should have a Jury trial. The third -.recommended that tha northern atatea 1 '.k..IH "mvUw th-lr irunal llh-rtv m . , lawa Only tha first one met the approval I of tha committee to which it waa referred. fix -x vwv-yia.iu. b- I Jortty, "SprlngfWld, IU., Dec. M, 1860,-Hon. Ly Trumbull: ba abla to offer Mr. Blair a place ln tha cahtnt. but I cannot as yet be committed OD. ""'kt0 "y MUnt Wht"V,r' . "Dlapatchea have come her. two daya In "T100 th1 th rrU ln Carolina WU1 b. rr.oA,4 b, ord.r. or connt at .tlrtL ""r1,"- Ueve this, but if It proves tru. I will, if our frl.nds In Washington concur, an nounce publicly at one that they are to bo takea after the Inauguration. Thla will give tha union men a rallying cry, and preparatlona will proceed somewhat on thla aid aa well as on tha other. Tours as ever, V "A, LINCOLN." MB. IJncoln ad communicated hla viewa to Seward both by latter and through Thur low Weed, and It aaenied probable tha Seward was thus restrained from following Wm4 la support of th. Crittenden plan to restore and extend th. Missouri compro- anise Una. Steward's Idea, aa explained In his speech of January SI. 1861. waa that libarty waa no long.r In danger, becauee, as ba said, there were only twoney-four was pver and over again boasted that ln slaves ln tha whola territory aouth of the those clauses of tha conatitutlon which pro Una of M degrees. 10 minutes, and weet vlded for the assumption ot the presidential af tha Missouri boundary, embracing mora office by th. vie. president. In tbe case than l.OOO.Out square miles, slthough, under of tbe death of th. former, the fathers of th. Dred Scott decision, all United 8tates tha republic bad made the best possible territory waa slave territory wished to take alavea half yeara had passed waa rendered and they selves af their opportunity teat of one slave BiUea. Therefore he to every MOO aqua. Mr. Uncoln's cabinet just aa his death republic they died to sava. I pray that worrlea and small annoyances. Ha workad which commemorate that dead .houM fm .1 ,', i v,. ' hav. nnaratl noon th- .i. -. r question ot slayery In th. t.irltorle. any assurances that th. n.w president would anguish of your ber.av.msnt. and l-ava by th. need ot attending aa beat h. could which It Is of Inestimable conaequenca that m. hi. aurroundinrs Into conaideratlon and Both aides would have uaed th. l.t-rv-i longer a practical one. His logic was d- continue tha eamn policy toward ths south- you only tha cherished memory of th. to a multitude of email tasks. It Is a touch- America should possess. ,h. k,.v. ha ourauad. I bell.v. that of mock him to raia f- .v- Influences . . , M M r"u""1 ,0 acquiesce In the Dred Scott de- " mt" r'lon outh of minutes. The practical queatlon wi: What would hap- Pn If the party ahould now withdraw Ita opposition 10 slavery merer Mr. newara iM not address himself to thla branch of the subject. The effect of hie apeech. how- ever, waa to conv nre many newsparers and people that ha would vote for tha Crlttcn- den meaeure In the end. That he did not Vote on It at all muat be ascribed to tha fact that he knew that no com pro mine on tha territorial queatlon would be consld- rl hv T.ilnln history. They embrace tha last worda that the north and aouth had to say to each other before tha doora of the temple of Between President (Copyright. 1909. By tha Chicago Tribune.) COMMENCED to keep a dairy after my return home from England In IBM. but It was not until about tha time when I east my vote for Abraham Lin coin aa president that tha en tries began to be of public Interest. Thla waa my first vote, for I waa not quite of In the preceding campaign, and I am happy now to recall that I voted for so good and great a man. Let tha youth of the present day think over this fact and guard well their auffragea that although half a century has alnce rolled away, a citizen has causa to atlll remember with pride and emotion tha vote ba cast for preaident of the United Statea When the war took place 1 fitted out sev- eral bundled union volunteera at my own expense, tha offer to that effect appearing in the New York Herald of April, 1861. n . ... . . . m i though I wanxlou. and offers to do .o. I devoted my anergiea to tne cauae or tne "-'n " cusslon of patriotlo questions. Among my earnest eiiona waa a pampniec entitled "Gold Money and Paper Money." It waa thla book fuinlahed tha occasion of an Interview with, Mr. Lincoln. This oc- curred ln the midsummer of 63. Tha preaident received me kindly and took notice of two pasaages ln tha book which had some bearing on aubsequent evonta. One paaaae alluded to "those higher paaaiona of our nature wmcn leaa of an axecutlve-motlvee that exhibit to him tha gloriou, de.tlny of being regarded tha aavlor ot hi. country, tha protactor of 1U liberties, and the preserver ot It. fame;" almoat a forecast of Lincoln', .ubaequent anahrlnement In th. heart, of his country- men. During the same year, upon being introduced to Bec.Ury Cha aa the 'utnor ot ih plp'r uo8,Miuenl" "u"- ...w- - hi.f ..ilj th- v.rr uthor of th. paper, .ubsequenuy puo- " " t,." ,n.7. ... v. Iue. r"" Uu.hed good naturedly ... .v.- .rtiio. rnntain-d " . :rj:r:ZZZt .l " - auu. - . , . .v. ..111 ,n k. rnn mouKu copie. ui uiu - ln soma of tha publlo llbrarlaa. Mr. ward'. K.c.pe. .... , ter th. .urrender oi General Leo at Appomattox court hou.e tha kind wkivm v - - .v. uu, jiu wurua ul mini v una ciuir axisLocraiio ones, xic u.u uia cjo Uon-namely: mat unoer tne wuu.uc. i wno amended and perfected them; he who states could become member, of th. Amer- Z n"h.. rtAnument waa the result of a h. h" " . " 1" . ",""v,:u ur :L VT - - nrealdent'' frdra the outaet sudden accassion. of currency prica. do inserted that crafty C.um in the appro- lean union only by th. organUed action of S,:.! U tllr. TTrJZ a'y' betw en LcZK Ja. not respond aimultaneou.ly, but In a sort priatlon act of March. 1867. which unnoticed ach and the concurrent action of th. ex- ."1 hv .h. cabinet chosen by Mr. Un- too m !k. ? ! ... b ' . Z.a a' Irhoat' of a chance Ws of rotation or proceaalon. governed by th. by tha un.u.plciou. president, deprived bin, l-tlng national government." Answer- gLT ""0'' w 1 1 '1? d,fflcu,t'- Th" 'hd '".t if Seward h.5 relatlv. -importanc. and marketability ot of his constitutional command o ?th mS Mr. Johnson held th. same opinion and oj PJ Succer. and it must. J", ""J""" b.t Prertdent John,n. now able to W f Lincoln thVr. the articles affiled. Acting upon this sug- and made him practically a state "suspect." language. therefore b regarded m In every eenae J" Bo utw hlm cr 'or both k n o armedrwhi ta nc. to ...tlon. I published an elaborat. trsatUe and h. who ,ur.u.d Johnaon not on o Space forbid, any further con.id.ratton T.' Mr incoln's policy o recon- h,hlBd """i 1 r."".., .ch. .t.t2 -.. - "J Pd.To?Th.VnlPdra7eV":.nto ffi'SSr 'i Twa. Seward'. hearted president I Inured indeed I IZT. ,"e ZtZn h.m VriL ; and" Xn'tFLZZ. aent and .'very member of the cabinet had upon hl. publlo llf, and hl. ; ZTT. TZTlr Z .roe a hand of on. a.ln.Tand both Mr Seward dated wln,B of Prellaent., joh.0n'. term of offic. the their ear. to the ground, and it was not Mr. Uncola; ,Ucce..or in office, candor nt AmerS.m Z th. confeder and hi. .on wer. terribly wounded by an- vhat calIe1 ..lf.mad; m.tr con.umpUon of whisky throughout th. only Imprudent, it wa. p.rllou. to remove m, ,ay Mr Johnon ' outgrowth , of Jhu, con other, tha design having been to also kill .hrowd. -usnicJou. .n h k...' ' : United State, mora than doubled: in ho.h them. The recon.tructlon policy embodied , .-.n-o, ahared tBem wllh hlm tJ t atatea waa an oulgrawin "' " f:rirjohhn.rth",r , i it, vmi lii .iu...n - i - ,v" " - ui uruaoar rjnaaes cripple the administration, out inrougn h.n- th- latt-r eacaned. six or " i - - -ven yea-i afterward, while aitting with Secretary Seward upon the back porch of hi. realdence In Washington, I aaked him to .how me his wound. He exhibited a ghastly cicatrix extending from the right r downward almoat to the collar bone, na w.a nui uii. vuu'iu. - n01 miracle; yet hla vitality was ao . t in., n r nnvr o wrnra nil on. ... though both of them lingered for a long Urns under the anxtoua care of the surgeon general. The assassination of tha president threw th- Mimm int.-. th- rrutnt -onf.iaion. i.h.. ,.a .. Ger.eral Dick Taylor ln th. aouth and Gen- .raj Kirby Smith In the tranamiaaieslppl war. still In arms, and nothing but the . . . .... ... prcmpt ana aociaea action oi i-resiaeni johnaon prevented a recrudescence of the desperate struggle. He was at once aworn Jr,to office as president, making hla head quarters ln the treasury building, from Whenc. he promptly lasued several lm- .. . . .. ... . portant prociamauona as president and commander-in-chief of the army and navy. 0n- proclamation expressed his deteata- ticn of th crJm thAt hma mltted and hia stern determination to pur aue and punish its authors, a promise " which ha kent to th. latter. Annlh-r nn. off.rKl a of oo.uoo for the appre- hen.,on of tn, crlminala Another one re- lated to th. operations of th. .rmiea. anl ,tll, ,nother to unlon and lh oonfederaU pr,vateera . rjeuo,,. from Iulnol., Ohio. New York trom almoat every auto In th. union visited him from day to day, headed by th. moat distinguished men in the coun try, all anxious to obtain assurances In sympathy with the excited state of the nation and to hear from hla lips tha course he intended to pursue. These assurances were moat ample and aatiafactory. Trylasr Crlala. , JnTrkV nZr l: I pT""1 I hTrJt f h ,1 emph.sl.ed afl, a 1 -1 . . . ,, hla determination to punish the authors of th. assassination; and the preaa almoat unl- versally declared that Mr. Johnson at a most trying crisis bad faithfully reflected the wishes ot the people and borne himself with great dignity, propriety and credit, lt lf anybody provision for such a calamity aa that which be any word of mine which ahould ,tml of th. w,ae.t taDort.nc. .v., to run ah. bora to die for th. union ahooiH h- only "T. " . " r'y'. " left Ita atln. b.hlnd tn th- north .km.T;: thith.r. Three and a had befall.n th. country. Mr. Johnson's sltempl to beguile you from the grief of of the areete.t m.anltuda: an -v ,.. In our minds: for ah- . ,k 71 Ul,t. l"V eociatl.. would hav- muI.iM., sine that decision aiectiM to the vie. prldency as a union lo-s so overwhelming. But I cannot re- through and across hla plan, to meet th llf. and death, typified .11 that l. h-., ' t ot "! 'a . " . .round railway would h-v- " 7- had availed them- democrat, hi. axperlenca as a union gov- raln from tendering you tha consolation Erect a,n,er. ,n! -r.a, re.Don.ibllitle. ... hl.he.t ln our national ..latency th- ...... ".Ti." Z .l" ZZ ... I.' IZZ bualn.u than .v.r. othr ,.ZZ7.Z only to th. ax- ernor ot Tenne.ee.. and tha retention of that may ba found In the thanks of the ,hot the woof of an Infinite number of .mall deed itself and the words of th. .r.a ""V"1 ZZZ ZZ mlrht hav arlaan. All th... ,hi . ".T. did not consider the bed had left It wars regarded as BurfiUnt our Havenly rather may assuage ths out his great task whU. unc.aatn.lv h . on. of thoaa h.ritaaea for all A.rf f" a ..... hot t-mo th- ....h t. .. Critical Period in That Worked Together to Bring About Results of Lasting janis were thrown open to the civil war. Aa the moment of parting approached the iamruaB;e became plainer, and Ita most mark-d rhara.t-H.ti,. .. t.nt int t.t hatred M... ih. i.n,..nt. h..t f.n.ir. to understand each other. It was aa though the men on either aide were looking at an object through glasses of different color, or arguing In different languagea. or wor- ahlplng different gods. Typical of the dis- putanta were Jefferson Davla and Lyman Trumbull, men of eauallv stronr convlc- tlona and high breeding, and moved equally by love of country aa they understood the term. Davie made three speeches, two of which were on the general aubject of de bate and one his farewell to the aenate. The first, singularly enough, waa called out by a resolution offered by a fellow aoutherner and democrat. Green of Mis- ourl (December 10, I860), who proposed that Extracts from the Diary of Alex del Mar recognising aa cltlsena of auch atatea those who had remained true to the flag. That auch waa Mr. Lincoln's policy Is placed beyond controversy by hia proclama tion of December I, 18(3, In which he an nounces) hla willingness to recognise any loyal government which may be aet up In the south by aa many aa one-tenth of tha Vetera of 1900, and In hia message to con- gresa in which, ha proposed a definite plan of reconstruction on the basis or amnesty, an oath of future loyalty, and the exclusion of ax-aeceasionlsta from high office. When the excltment attending the assaa- In.ilnn Kmii jr. r.lm rinain tha nrealdent enunciated theaa views more and more am- phatlcally ln hla responses to delegations, satisfaction. Even U-.e extreme abolition- and they were received with the higr.es tt - .nY..A U'noal I m- 11 1 ( rvai In a -Peoch at the Cooper institute aa.d that i(ui yea uu i i i Andrew Johnson," whose principles and --"""- uuuu, .uu wuv.u entire faith." "Andrew Johnaon the fully trusted, needless u be watched leader of the American people," declared the oiator, and tne auJlance eg. ted wltl him ln a tremendoua buret oi ap- plauae. Knew Hint Intimately. I knew Mr. Johnaon intimately; I waa with him a great deal; I knew ut. day will auffic to ...awn... . ,t the very converse of which wa. mad. tha ground of an impeachment c.r.fuily drawn up and managed by auch a.tute lawyer, ad experienced politician, a. Thad Stevens, Georg. 8. Boutw.ll. John A. Bingham. Ben jamln y. Butlsr( W1, an wu ,ltun.. M tn, fll..t mDg the.. man. Me Governor Boutweil waa chooaen aa " Governor Boutweil waa chooeen aa and Independence of the country the ef- .... .... l ""f.11. " 77 11 7Z2r T'Z " ."tT. "T, - ...... uaw .v-u.u. -u.i.b leaoina- anint oi ,- . . - ' k. " r" "."!!W. "P a mi tav.V V& 1 1 11 UillilUUL, 11. BB.i.ie ana lit peraecuted . . . . " TO "'Mni waa nurrled tn hi. trt hut who continued to puraue him in magaaine articles long after hla death. I Jo knew Mr. Boutwell, We wera mem- eraj . lno,dantlJll, ,h " " r'"dicti.v-: vinti niv. ivnnran. ... . v. . . . . and relatione of political life, ianorant of r . .. . . :. vi me tricxa Ot flnanclera. uz- norMt of forelgn iansull Md Sure. of foreign Intrigues, of foreign polttica, and of Ita bearings upon our own. Ha waa con- ceited In that he thought he "knew it all," when he did not; and he waa tha un- conscious tool of men far better Informed uie ana aeaignlng than him- self. 1 could name them, but I refrain. f urBivn nnnf i r nt . . . . i n . t ". " ww m L l i . inuney which was "lifted out of Boulwell's da- plorable blundera. Not Opposed to Lincoln . . " years ago Mr. Boutwell published n article ln aoma New York magaaine on ImPchJnent of Andrew Johnson." tn wJ',Cu ", "ouht to JusUfy this proceeding . "owin tnt It waa based upon opinions, uttterancea and at Inn. diam-trio. .. J y opp to Mr' "ncoln's policy, or as omtlme" termed It, the republican J,oUcy' Amon "la chargea war. the fol- , J . ' do not "nd- -vlanc" which will Justify the Statement that Mr. Johnann w.. ., ... . - o"ver In the right of a atata to C. from . unIon-" Answer-Then he .w. r-c- President Roosevelt's Tribute to Lincoln Expressive Appreciation of His Character From the Review of Review.. , HE deed, and worda of the great men of .the nation, and above all T the character of each of the. foremoet men of the nation, are one and all assets of Inea- tlmable value to the republic V.l-' Lincoln'a work and Uncoln's worda ahould be. and I think more and more are, part ivi iimniaj lltlluUVDSl lUUII ICIIU lO become living force, for- good clti.en.hlp ouf opW Tnere om q lettera which haa alway. appealed to ma particularly. It ia the one running as fol lows: "EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASHINO- TON- Nov J1 ! To Mr.. Blxby, Bos- ton, Mas..: Dear Madam I have been shown in the files of the War denartment a atatement of the adjutant aeneral of Uaa- :.chute .t yo: i'zSrf's: gonu who hav. died g.oriou.ly on th. eld of battle. there should be an armed police force pro vided by federal authority to guard where neceseary the dividing ' line between the slave-holding and the nonslave-holdlng atatea. to preserve the peace and prevent Invasions and to execute the fugitive alnve law. Thla scheme Davis considered a quack remedy and he declared that he could not give It hla support because It looked to the employment of force to bring about a con dition of aecurlty which ought to exist without force. The present want of se curity, he contended, could not be cured by an armed patrol, but only by a change of aentlment In the majority aectlnn of the union toward the minority aection. Upon this text he argued In" a dispassionate way for a consld?iable space, ending In tluse words: 'This unlcn la dtar to mo as a union of fraternal atatea. It would lose Ita value to Lincoln and President Johnson ognlsed It when he saw It: for It appeara In almoat everything that Johnson said, wrote or did. He always disbelieved in and denied the right of secession. 1 "When he became president he waa an opponent of negro suffrage." Answer Quite the contrary; he aald the negroea had the same rlghta as tha whites, but that In order to vote Intelligently It waa necessary for them to ba trained. Thla la precisely what Mr. Tart aaya today. x. From a casual roadside conversation with Mr. Johnaon, reported by hla former chief of police In Tennessee, a man named Hr-r-h.1l Mi- Rnntwall nvi (hut -it tnnar be accepted aa evidence, quite conclusive, that in February, 18t. Mr. Johnaon waa then oppoaed to tha policy of the tepub- HCan party. He waa oppoaed to the disso- lutlon of the union, but not necessarily upon the ground that the union had a au- prema Hght to exist." Answer-Just the pmn !. m ciu Aiu.H-gusi me opposite. Mr. Johnson repeatedly declared mat ins union was uesigiieu 10 u a, netulty and a republican example to the world for all time." . Answers to Boolwell. 4. "Mr. Johnaon a Inauguration apeech In the senate chamber, directed apparently to the diplomatic corps, excited appiehen- slon." Answer Mr. Johnson simply re- peated what Mr. Lincoln had already aald , y..u , Naooleon. uoon tha London haute finance, upon everything and everybody who threatened the perpetuity of the union. Indeed. Mr. Boutw.il him- .elf admit, this. wher. he aaya that John- .on adopted "without reaerv. tha policy of xbrahan- Llncoi president." which ,ncIuded vlewlng .... enemle, to the peac. and Independence of the country the ef- 1' " FTl. "!WT"0'" "r,'OT"""1 ,u"""" nenu ' ....... . . . " "r:" :.e '!. . Ul 1 b IJNiaVU gVVl.lVU .111., .1113 HVCUII1 eni. lor inm wa. unutmi; iuo oesign oi ... ... .... una remarKatiia paper: out mere are one or two other pointa that need letouching. Mr. Boutwell in conclualon aaya that -there was no evidence Implicating tha senators in .m.,.,. . k p? ,. " ... .. - "iui r .ni.. .r.r.m.ni. Tn nr...nt .n... i happy to be able to concur with him. v.. . .i.. . ... wu.in.uti iiu.uui rc.crr.a 10 nia P"' career when governor of Tennee. " r1t of hla future policy. He ,ald: If there ahall ba found ln any rebel "ut vn 6,000 men ood tru they w111 aeemed sufficient for the purpoae. of reconatrucUon." He reiterated the Mon- u"vuu" " " "e occupation of Mexico by the French forcea under auiuiiiian ana Dimniv iniimiiM r n.i haw mvw that the clv" wmr WM closed the attention of the administration would be directed among othera matters to that objectionable Invaalon. There are reasons for believing that It was thla Intimation, counted with the hostility of tha British flnanri-r- -h had Invested $600,000,000 In confederate bonds, and other large sums ln confederate warships, confederate blockade runnera and nnf-i.t. -n..,n Mkut, ... . u . . . . -, m.m .no luuuaa. tlon of the aubsequent and Wholly un- American attack upon Mr. Johnaon and tha later Intrigue which grew out of It and tiad tor lu ob)ct the overthrow of tha govern- ment and the Installation of Ben Wade as . r-vnlullon-rv n,..IH..t Ti.. i.i --'.-. .u. ui.ri(ui and tha Impeachment were American; but the Initial attack. . aa will presently be mown, wm nuaiiy unuin; not BrltUh sacrifice upon tha altar of freedom. Tours very sincerely and respectfully. "A. LINCOLN." Anv man wh h ..ni-4 th- rtt. preaident realises ths Incredible amount of administrative work with which the presl- dent haa to deal even In tlmea of peace. Ha la of neceaslty a very busy man. a much driven nan, from whoae mind there can " "ever be abaent for many minute, at a tlm. vuiiatuci aaaiVIa Ut slUllia U1UU1CIU UI 1JII port.nce, or of some matter of les. Impor- tanc. wncn yH caue worry and Under such clrcumstancea It la not tasy for a president even In times of peace to turn from the .flair, that are of moment to all the people and conalder affalra that are of moment to but one person. While this is tru. of times of peace. It is of course In- . ., " ' ' 7 " wmr' Pr,,,aent wno ver " the Whit, zur0lrJ7:T' rn t uncon ' LT", JTZ? I m Inn on & er .... i U.m rhn nirrarannA " All AVI til A A UWU111CUV, Vii9 w..a...w- U lnlJ. TKI. . nr.ly.l., Tt.lil-l. . a MX . s , - a a."" Life of the ma If t had to regard It aa a union held to- obligations. If you can submit to them gether by physical force. I would be happy that evidence. I feel confident that with to know tha every atate now felt that tra- the evidence that aggreanlon la henceforth ternlty which mad thla unloa possible: ami to cease will terminate all tha measures If that evidence could go out. If evidence for defense, t'pon you of the majority sec satisfactory to tha people of the south lion It depends to restore peace and per- cecld be given that that feeling existed In the hearts of tha northern people, you might burn your statute books and wa would cling to the union still. But It la because of their conviction that hostility and not fraternity now exiata In tha heart of the people that they are looking to their reserved rlghta and to their Independent powera for their own protection. If there be any good then which we can do It la by aendlng evidence to them of that which I fear does not exist the purpose In your constituents to fulfill In the spirit of Jus- tlca and fraternity all their constitutional . of the British people, but British as to the residence and Influence or tha Instigators, Troablea Beala Early. Mr. Johnson repeatedly echoed tha decla- ration of hia lamented predecessor that the government of tha United Btatea waa erected aa a perpetuity; that the constltu- tlon provided for the admission of atatea, but not for. their aeceaslon or destruction, Bald be: "A rebellious state when It cornea out of rebellion is still a atate; l bold it a nign duty to protect and to aecura to those atatea a republican form of govern- ment;' "but auch a stale must be restored hv Ita friends, not amothared bv Ita ena- miea;" "I was opposed to dissolution and am equally opposed to consolidation." He agreed with Abraham Lincoln and dlaa- greed with the radicals under Charles Bum- ner; he refused to recognise Vance aa gov- ernor ot North Carolina and would not consent to withdraw the federal troopa - until tha loyal cltlsena of that atate had - " m - to a delegation of negro clergy ha aald: "The nearoea bad the same right aa tha whlles to be free; but as to cltlsenshlp they needed to be trained, and they must not expect to live ln Idleness or to be aup- ported by the government." At a cabinet meeting he pushed aside a suggestion to declare the negioes of the soulu entitled to suffrage, saying that It waa a queatlon " roval Bald L New iork aid ri ' U jLonl X T rZ iTvZ aaU.fltttou '"uanout the union"" tuwuottl th unio"' -roc... .on. " Tk. 7. ln.nurtmii. uroclamauoua. The Xlrat n way w. in. Unded amneaty to the enUr. .outh. except- Ing fourteen cla.se. of pereon.. chiefly th. . . . ... , ..... adcn oi U HDeiuon im , . . . . ill..., .K. wnnd rlated to tn. reconstruction .C th. .tat. bie, for even II Mr. jonnsuu nau iu ' '. j , which in view of hia uaat career aim i. public aaaurancea la Inconceivable. Mr. Johnaon could not have Induced hla cab- met to agre. upon any measure on thla oppo.,Uon to Mr. Uncoln's view. .nrt th-ir ..w lodgment. Both the preal- r.,c"rrhapriihrrthVp , . . . i IrIecl ,cc0.ra w. ". . " Die oi me unuea oisiea. - ... ..ji,irtn J ?'Z 1.1 preaa to foreign criticism or elae so amen able to foreign persuasion that all of a sud- - ,"h, it wore, the press, which ,',,. K-tr- ..nr..rvdiv annroved. now whony 00ndemned the policy of reconatruc- tlon aanctioned by the Minted memory or Lincoln and endoraed by hla colleaauea and . . ,, . . v. n n . .,... w in CSUUlf I. A. imivu uviviv, i.fc came from England. Tha London Dally Newa called Mr. Johnaon "a drunken me- chanlc"; the Tlmea aald lt waa evident that "Mr. Johnson cannot execute the task," and adviaed him to reahrn: while the email f r of tha London nraaa followed their leaders. raaalHar Wltk Work. My father had been a treasury officer for . . H . .. v. nun; jrwra, u . muu hla office and ao became quite familiar with treasury affalra. Thia now proved useful Th. commlaslon had to report to congreaa In January; ao I helped to atralghten things out. Hayes was engrossed In a report on ..w.. -. ii .i. in puuuo ucm, .wm urn r.ci.cay nothing, and th. entire work fell on Wellea, and Elliott, and, to aome small extent, mr. elf. I collected matuial, Elliott formuUU turn aside for the moment to do soma deed of personal klndneaa; and It Is a fortunate thing for the nation that In addition to doln an i. a a v. possessed that marvellous gift of expression which enabled hlm quite unconacioualy to choose the very worda beat fit to commemo- rate each deed. Hla Gettyeburg sDeech and hla second Inaugural are two of tha half doeen greateat apeechea ever made-I am aailtLVCU ' Velll UICU HIV l WO IrVlIMI ftVir mad.. They are great In their wUdom. and .arn..tne and , a ioft;n. of thought and expression which makea them akin to tha utterancea of the propheta of th. Old Testament. In a totally different way. but in etrongeet and moat human fashion such utterances as his answer to th. aerenadsrs Immediately after hla second . ..... ...... . . . u. i. . .UKa i oivt pout above, appeal to us and make our hearts .hrm- ..aTl?1- muni nf Nnrth ('arollna UDon a lOYSl IOOI- countrv th- ... tt... .... . . ..,. 1 nnvnlinn of 1860 It IS VlQ6nt tllftli Republican Party Benefit petunia the union of equal states; upon us of the minority section rests the duty to maintain our equality and community rights; and the me ins In the one caae or the other must be auch aa each can con trol." Thla waa an explicit confirmation of what Lincoln, In hla Coorer Institute speech a year earlier, had atld was the chief dlf- flculty of the north: "We must not only let them (tha aouth' alone, but we must somehow convince them that wa do let them alone." Tha next atep toward compromise which " V ; it and Wellea used It In tha examination of witnesaea. Tha upahut ot It ail waa mat I waa appointed tha first director of tha newly authorised bureau of statistics, com merce and navigation, alnce amplified Into tha Department of Commerce and Labor. After I had got matter In my department workln amoothlv. I waa summoned hv the i j . i. ...i.. t,i i- .w. iicaiuriii .it .ckb. nasin. fill,. hid irji- aration of certain public papers. For thla purpose I attended tha preaident In the library of the White Houae, an apartment adjoining the president's office, tha door between them being always open, which left me seeing but unseen; the silent wit- OI ln" 'P'" """ emen u in my -alrv' or which I can recall from memcry. There were many Other Which It would ba imprudent and pernapa miscmevoue to pub- luh- Let the dead bury the dead, In order to Judgo of the extent t President Johnson would have ca to which carried on ' -"n poi.. i rrwiarm Lincoln haa he been suffered to do so uninterrupted. It ia neceasary to apeak by the card. It la commonly believed that had Mr. Lincoln lived hla auperlor tact, great pres- tlge, and the hold he had upon the affrc- tlona of the people would have enabled htm to carry out these measures of reconstruct tlon which caused Mr. Johnson so much difficulty. There Is no doubt that Mr. Lln- coin would have succeeded becauae, had ha lived, no French Imperial instigator nor ,ul,on' . P"ter '' ot Impeachment 'far -w.J V ah thr;' Ute, n1 " IrlZ? , " " V ' I' n J L T ? 't ut hd hTb PP ' a co""rned' ut 1had111he b'n "P0 th "m j-.tHH U,ta-. ' -y -uequaio mean. .ert.d by tho.a who- .worn duty It wa. vi uvvuva. uau no uren ireacnerouaiy ae to aupport h.m. badgered by tho metro- . . . . - fin t.n , .. . . . poiuan pres. ana left to be made th. mark t every tatrlant and plotter In tha .... wipe the moisture off ha an-nt 1.. v,,. . . --- - " '""lu"' wron ,n - J1 Joan.on Igaoraat of Flnanea. m alluding to certain defect, of character ln Governor Boutw.11 .hi,h h . vj- ,n "e trlcka of flnanclera. He appeared to . i ..... me, as Indeed did another president, some yeara later, when I reported to him th. evidence I had taken on behalf of the monetary commission, to "have no head tor imurt., a peculiarity wmcn la not con- n to presidents of the United Statea: 'or I have found the same defect In per- occupying aimuai euany exauea posl. tlona, both ln thla country and England. rnr mm Mr innnMn wa. .mrw.-& - -- ..r.-i ... - iutiv.m upon, deceived, and cheated, in respect of the wool bill of March 2. 1867. a bill which ha had Intended to veto auch veto having been carefully considered, drawn up, and aim-it- v-t at tha laat moment he waa In ih. v-tn -nt annrova the bill. I have retained a oopy of this veto. One of tha men who overreached him was . internal revenue officer; tha other waa . ... . i an ex-governor. xoi o. num., ward appeared, were actuated by groaa mercenary motives, and one of thorn made a urge fortune out of It. in Johnson's Stata. Weighed In tha mperial acawa of hlatory ... . . h. -.ham-d me uuuu.r uu . -- of lu twenty-third preaident. He waa stamped In that same aevere but kindly mom xroin wmcn ve u.rou aeries of American executlvea. Whatever heated partlaana or petty criuca may ejr to th. contrary, an American preaident I... to paaa through ao many acorchlng Ore. b tore be can reach th. White , Hou. that when he g.U there he I. thric. purified; he 1. Iron and stiel and adainanL Laat year (lv7). a few day. after th. .r.. . . t.i..h in th i ais- lature of Tennessee, and upon a motion to appropriate KB.uuO for the federal cemetery Greenville, where repoee the remains of th- mconatructlon president and hla two ons, Mr. Brownlow. a republican from one the eastern dlatrlcta. won tha applauee n vote of the houae with a ringing apeech " behalf of the appropriation. Said be: "Andrew Johnaon'a district furnished more oldlere to the union service during the dttvi of the rebellion than eny con- Siasslonai district to h Unttafl iaiaa...n yt w. were 10 mil.. Inside th. confederate - "ne un' Mr' -n,rran: wn" Wt e"1 Tenn".Sl,K " .fo"0V bloodhounda; they bid their wlvea, oaugn- t,r "d Jm" hrW ,,y Dy moon- U"ht L . , .""i.fvLt.w. across the mountains Into Kentucky and ... ... .. .. MtklM . , th7" loved aaaln. m... un,on "at. H was a member of th. United confroite.l Lincoln during the tiltlcal period Waa the movement It Itlated by the k-glsla. turxa of Virginia, known a the John Tyler reace conference. Thla waa bottomed on the Crittenden plan of adjustment, with tha Powell an endrrmt providing that It ahould apply to all future acquisitions of territory aouth of the line of 34 degree M meridian. A letter from Dr. William Jnyne to Trumbull, dated Springfield. . . .. . , Oovrnop Yates had rei.-iv.d t-iraranh dlsoatchea from tha governors of Ohio and Indiana asking whether Illinois would appoint peaca com missioners In response to a call sent out by the governcr of Virginia to meet at Washington on the 4th of February. "IJncoln." he continued, "advised Yates not. to take any action at present. He aald n, wouid rather be hanged by tha neck till na waa dead on th alepa of tha capltot tiaB buy or g a peaceful Inauguration." But Mr. Uncoln'e worda neither hastened nor retarded the accession of tha aouthern atatea. The effective public sentiment of tha aouth waa that avowed by Senator Mason of Virginia In a caaual debate with H Trumbull on December X lftort, when ha Id that tha election of anybody by tha re publican party would result In a dlsmem- berment of the union. The candidate, ha added, might be a man or atraw, me pnnci- pe, h. rf,prel.nted were the only things the aouth would take account of. Mr. Lincoln's record waa tht of a man opposed to tha extension of alavery Into tha territories of tha United States. If ha had spoken at the Springfield meeting of November 20 and had aald that he waa willing to divide the unoccupied and un organised territory between freedom and - alavery by a geographical Una he would have rent tha republican party In twain and disabled It from offering any effectual resistance to any other demanda of tha secessionists. Would auch a declaration have atopped tha accession movement? Evidently not. They had demanded not a division of existing territory, aa tha Crittenden plan provided, but the right to take alavea to all tha territories and noli them thore as property until aa-j mltted to tne union as sisies. i n w. Jefferson Davie" minimum. Would the granting of half their demand four month . u. - b before Mr. Lincoln , J'""11 panled by an ?"Jto& HID ,cj.uu..w.. - J i whA mm A m ftha hlatorv of thoae times can Imagine auch a thing. Woald Not Have Stopped It. Would the granting of all that they had claimed before the election of Lincoln have atopped accession after hie election T Not if Mason spoke the truth In hla colloquy with Trumbull. South Carolina took ateps to secede before Lincoln waa elected and It never paused an Inatant. It did not act any abstract ineory nuoui territories." Ita motor waa combustion. It found apt apeech of Senator Wtgfall native South Carollnan, who ,ald: , -a, to you that w. cannot ..v. P-. 'her '.' .d vour SoU'toi ,y" ' moetle?t v f.ncle. that It wa. poaal- Jl "TJlJr Tat thla .g, by .ooth- b, to lp TllZ CriUen- ln vora' or, Verb1.P 3 ZJ, , ' th den compromUea h. n, believe Ither ... T ."Z ...,. duck ui . - would hav. looked on quietly at th. coer clon of South Carolina by a republican ad , . . . ministration. To one looking back at th, republican na- , ., . th- m.llrv conviction that the policy .. , . , .v.. .7' "0vement in the border atatea. and wou,d then hav, . 'nal "' " ,.k. rerjentant Drodixal T. ' odosJ to Inco n toeek a on.. His proposal lo Lincoln to seek a ssr Vl " ." Zl -r.vii or. which to w.ld Oer many to,ether, but it waa not an unpatrl- otlo ona ,lnc. lt was bottomed on a deaira to prcserve the union without civil war. Traces of thla idea are found in th. - ....h-a of Jefferaon Davla before hi. ...... ih Ha would hav. nraferr.d that th, MOeaalon movement should not ,xtend beyond South Carolina, and to that ,nd n u,.,i aii hla Influence against tha coercion ot that atate. Seward may bava derived hla Idea from Davis, or, mora prob ably, waa confirmed by hlm In an Idea to which he waa previously inclined. Garret Davis' Speech. The question has been much discussed. a.ni i- ...jmi. , .... .... ., . '. Ford Rhodes ln his admirable history, whether Crittenden's propoaed amendment to the conatitutlon ought to have been . , . . M. ..... niuinn or not. ine only piaualbl. argu- ment for adopting lt would have been to prevent aeceaslon and civil war; and here lies a wide field for difference of opinion aa to whether It would have prevented them or not Garret Davis of Kentucky a... . . .. .. . . . ' " yvnuuo io anow what were tha fixed purpose, of the secessionists at that time. In a apeech ln the aenata on Jan- ury zt, ma, oa the resolution to mmI gena,or Bright of Indiana, he said- "What haV8 ey aald again and aa-alnT Th. Vnltt4 8ute ,ov,rnrnentf j.". , d gov1ttDm,aV. glv. u. a blaLk pf mayk .... . . . . wrus "",nkt lP-r our own con- tlona and term, and w. can write n. "d "Pon which wa will " h7,L . ,urft,to th un'on.'" A 2" r r ten on tht It would nl "vu 0460 Acceptable to tha cotton w'"ut the Powell amendment plma 19 "ture acquisitions of territory, 'th that clause Included . would not demanda hav. arisen thereafter for tha acquisition or Cuba. Mexico, etc., 'for future alave atatea. to maintain tha balance of power In the eeneAe? It vu rjni. - ahsaaM.aa -a opinion that under th. Crlttended com promlae wa ould hav. to acquire Cut Cuba within few years under a new lnr auaunlon. But wa admit that vU would have been prev.nted for Um- tog. and it tha Powell amend- ment bad bean cast out, aa Crlttendan at th' 1Jt tnom9ni deairad, slavery would ..m h.- ...ini . . ... , ---- """a morm ana urui curM. AU the elements of discord ?"b"r: ttk rbw,n tot i." of peaca and i""" iwir wm "- - - v- m.i mm iu.ua tost icr, won. inus imtuwau nuuMiriLT, next to Lincoln btmaeir, pa was ths great- Irreprasalbla con 111 ot would have coma durtji. U-sa taras aa4 a gXt rears Ad treaUln tfeam atiU aa -tatea, bat of only snust ba yours to hava laid aa aoatly a driven and abaorbad. eould yet as ssaa Whit. Heuaa. " Mt patriot of tha elrU war.- Uts. HOaACB WUirxT ' .' ' ' v 1 . ' "