THE OMAHA SUNDAY DEE: JAXTTARY 3, 1900.
9
Transmississippi Poultry Show an Educational Factor of Much Value
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R. A. NEWLYN. LANDSDOWNE, PA., JUDGE OF KKNNEX. SHOW.
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E. B. DAT, Fremont,
Prentdrat Trarnmltwlsalppl Poultry and Pet
Stock association.
B. A. NEWLYN,
Judge of Kenncli.
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C. P. MTLASKEY OF PAPILUON AND BTENOO R APHER JUDGING
POULTRY.
YOUNG woman with enough plu-
l ninge in ner nai 10 nave eqmp
yCk I ped any ordinary barnyard fowl
I wan Affpntlnr to take an Intelli
gent Interest In tho various
birds and chickens on display
at the TransmUslsslppI Poultry show.
"How," she nsked her companion, the
fanciest of fanciers, "How are birds
Judged? I like this rooster which did not
get any prize at all, much better than that
old thing there which has a blue ribbon,
and besldts I know the owner of the first
one and he said It was a very superior
rooster."
"Did he call It a rooster T' asked her
companion.
"He did," snapped the girl, and I think
he Is a gocd deal more of a gentleman than
you are."
"Answering your question about Judging
birds," said the man changing the subject
abruptly. "You first take the fowl from
the coop and after examining the head
and the watths do you know what wattles
are? you then turn it to an angle of 180
degrees from the horizon and peer closely
at the breast. Next restore it to an angle
of ninety degrees and scan the lobes, legs
and ears. After rating the bird on these
points and the body, neck, comb, eyes and
color of plumage, you do a little mental
arithmetic and announce the result. Da I
make myself clear?"
"It is clear," said the girl, " that you are
trying to be funny and falling down hard."
A poultry show is like every other ex
hibition in the world In one respect. There
assemble many who know as little of
prize poultry as they do of chiaroscuro and
the amount of "fourflushlng" at the poul
try show Is almost as great as at an art
exhibition. On the other hand the number
of men and women who know something
of chickens and can at least distinguish
between a Plymouth Rock and a Brown
Leghorn without looking at the entry slip,
Is surprising until one remembers first that
a show of this kind naturally attracts
first those who have knowledge of and are
acquainted with this sort of thing, as well
as the fact that of a western city's popu
lation a large proportion of the men and
women came from the farm and were at
least accustomed to collect eggs In Juvenile
days.
How true this last statement Is of a
divergence from a strictly poultry theme
is permitted was Illustrated at a recently
held a banquet In this city. There were
fifty-three men present averaging In age
about 30 years; of these only seven ad
mitted to having been born in Omaha and
of tho other forty-six, thirty-nine had
passed their earliest years upon a farm.
Thus a poultry show like a oorn expo
sition comes closer home the early home
than would be thought at first glance.
For a few a poultry show Is In a business
way their only home. There are a number
of men who do nothing else for a liveli
hood than compete for premiums offered
by poultry associations. They are not
altogether welcome competitors for they
discourage by their presence lens special
ized exhibitors over whom they have the
manifest advantage of experience and they
defeat the real purpose of exhibitions
' which Is to help the poultry breeding
science. It Is difficult, though, to devise
rules which will not bar out desired en
trants along with these professionals.
The purpose of an exhibition like the
Transmississippi Is in fact as truly educa
tional as that of the National Corti show,
and while less attention has, of course, been
attracted to the first named, it has In a
modest way been as helpful to chicken
breeders as the greater show was to corn
and oats breeders. Moreover, the great
growth which the Transmisslppl has ex
perienced goes to show that its full scope
is not yet reached and that Us possibili
ties are vast
An attentive crowd was gathered around
a small grating near the stands of the
Coronation kennels. The crossbars were
wide enough apart to permit a fox terrier
pup to pass through with ease, and Charles
Benson was trying to Induce the dog to
bring through with him a crotched stick.
He had given it to the puppy so that the
V which the crook formed pointed In the
opposite direction to which the dog ad
vanced. The result was that the crook
caught on a crossbar every time the dog
tried to get through, he holding the stick
by the forward end.
Again and again the dog tried and failed.
Benson was experimenting to see If the
young canine could focus out the diffi
culty. If the dog had caught the stick by
the other end his progress would have
been unobstructed.
To help matters along, Benson took the
stick away from him and threw it down
again. The puppy caught it by the middle
and with the stick at right angles to his
line of direction tried to push through.
This was, of course, Impossible. Half a
dozen times the stick was thrown and as
often the dog did nothing but grab at It
the first way he could catch It and try to
get through. Of studying the problem and
discriminating the knotty point, there was
absolutely nothing doing.
Finally, by what was plainly sheer acci
dent, the dog caught It by the right end
and went through In triumph. A spectator
who had Just come up, and who had not
seen the failures, remarked:
"Clever dog. He knew the right end to
take It by."
"It was pure luck," said Benson. "The
dog did not even show the usual Intelli
gence with which he is equipped. Your
remark goes to show that before passing
Judgment upon a matter of animal psy
chology one should be In possession of all
the facts.
"As a matter of fact, there Is more loose
talk about animal psychology than any
thing else I know of. People talk at '
random about 'Instinct and 'reasoning and
do not know clearly what they mean by the
terms. Of course, animals have Intelli
gence some of them a marvelous amount.
Of acts of pure reason not even many men
are often guilty, and animals not at all.
The statement of the greatest living
psychologist in the world Is about the best
and shortest. Wundt declared: 'Few men
and no animals reason.' "
"Well, let me tell you about a dog my
uncle owned," began one of the spectators,
who looked ready to combat Benson's state
ment. "This dog"
"Walt a minute." said Benson. "I want
you to tell me what the dog actually did
and not what your uncle Inferred was pass
ing in his mind, and which he told you, and
to which you added a little yourself, un
consciously." The man never did tell his tale, for half
a dozen other spectators all began at once
to narrate how their grandmothers' pet cats
used to tell the time and read the ther
mometer, or how "my dog used to feel
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ONE TYPE OF ROOSTER,
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PRIDE OF THE BARNYARD.
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A FINE FIGHTING COCK.
remorse when I whipped htm, he was so
human,' and a dozen other narratives.
"One ts a chump to try to combat dearly
cherished views like these," reflected Ben
son. "Nothing on earth could shake their
views, and certainly not the truth. The
truth in a matter of this kind is not thrill
ing enough to satisfy. They want to be
lieve that animal mentality is almost equal
to the human mind and they can't be
stopped thinking so."
Children have gathered In greater num
bers at the kennell part of the show than
around the coops, although the chickens
have not been despised by them and more
unusual birds have attracted them In num
bers. The silkies are beautiful creatures
without a feather on them, but covered
instead with long silk down. The African
geese have proved a magnet and so also
have other outre vareties, such as the
smoked ball ducks, a new variety origi
nated and owned by J. M. Baker of Omaha.
The Toulouse geeso have been popular
and the pretty black Minorcas have done
fairly.
Of the dogs, the dachshunds, as always,
have attracted attention, and these long
bellied bow-wows looked fairly as ludicrous
as they ought to. The Prince and King
Charles spaniels were comically melancholy
and the fox terriers were as innocent in ap
pearance and as mischievous as a fox
terffer ought to look and to be.
The smaller dogs, and also Boston bulls,
setter puppies and fluffy baby spitzes, were
ranged opposite the larger dogs, the
mastiffs, Newfoundlands and Great Danes.
In the intermediate class were the collies,
affectionate as a cat and a good deal more
trustworthy.
The feline tribe got into the show through
some handsome Persian cats shown by Mrs.
H. O. Harrison of 1307 Martha street. These
aristocrats of the cat world kept a good
deal more quiet than the dogs at the show,
who, after the manner of bench show dogs,
generally tried all to bark at once.
Electric Railways la Germany.
American Consul General Richard Guen
ther writes as follows about the elctrlc
tramways of Frankfort:
The Frankfort electric tramway lines
at the close of the fiscal year (1907) had
a length of thirty-eight English miles
and carried during that year 74,260,X)
passengers. There are 612 cars for the
passenger service and the total number
of empolyes is 2,124. As most of these
are married, the Frankfort tramway ser
vice furnishes means of living for about
10,000 people.
On an average the electric cars run
over 60,000 English miles per day. Dur
ing the great International Turzler festi
val last July the number of miles run
on some days exceeded 60,000. Though
the fares are lower than in American
cities (ordinary fare Is 10 pfennigs, not
quite 2hk cents) yet the net profit derived
from the service turned Into tho munici
pal treasury was 1,116,000 marks (1312,
970). The profit realized during the year
by the city from its electric lighting and
testing plant aggregated $400,200.
The stride tramway travel has taken
in Frankfort, in the last decade can be
discerned when comparing the above sta
tistics with those of m7, when the city
bought out the then existing horse-car
lines which belonged to a Belgian Joint
stock company. Then the total length of
line was 19V4 miles, number of cars. 197,
which carried durlnig sold year, 3G.&10,
000 passengers and covered a running dis
tance of $3,375,000 English miles
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GENERAL VIETV OF THE AUDITORIUM DURING THE FOULTRY SHOW.
Flyingf of Kites in Thunder Storms by Benjamin Franklin Opened Up an Unlimited Field
RNJ1U1N FRANKLIN went the world has ve seen, and of which th vlnm r.Ann.n..n mu-
B
ENJAMIN FRANKLIN went
flying kites In thunder show
ers to some purpose. He
hadn't a guess as to the won
derful future of that discov
ery of his and probably never
In the moments of greatest elation over
the strange results of his experiments did
there come to him a vision of that v.hlch
was to be realised.
Nowadays electricity Is constantly as
suming more and more of the world's
work, says the Toledo Blade. There are
few things that It does not do, fewer by
far than It cannot do If given the op
portunity. The application of the force
to practical labor waits less on the will
of the Inventor than on the determina
tion of the user of power to teat electric
ity In his business.
There Is prospect of a wider application
of electricity to the heating of dwellings.
The thing Is roost feasible, but has
seemed to have met with a wall of con
servatism, Even In the places where
water power has cheapened electricity Its
substitution for the furnace has not come
out.
The arrival of the electrical age ap
pears almost at hand. It Is here so far
as our communication Is concerned, nearly
bere as regards transportation. Produc
tion is very likely to have to depend upon
U entirely before the century Is out.
Casal of Kleetrle Locomotive.
Among the Inventions which Edison pre
dicted as coming within the next twenty
or thirty yeirs to mark the moat wonder
ful advance In science and Invention that
the world has evei seen, and of which the
News recently gave account, he named the
advent of the electric1 locomotive, and pre
dicted that on our main trunk lines it
would replace steam locomotives. The
change, he thought, might be looked for
within fifteen or twenty years, dependent
on the financial condition of the country.
It is a credible prediction, for rouds are
already "looking" In that direction, and
it Is probably even now more a question
of finance, of working from one system to
the other economically, than anything else.
The New York Central road has had elec
tric locomotives on Its Harlem division,
from the city of Mount Vernon, for two
years, and now contemplates the extension
of the service thence to White Plains. In
these two years only one serious accident
has happened, the New York Tribune
says, and this was by no means clearly
attributable to the new methods.
The Tribune goes on to speak of what
all know the advantages of 'he change to
passengers and to people that live on the
line of the road the ending of smoke,
staam and cinders, and the advantage to
the road, as well as of the acceleration of
movement after a atop, which Is of par
ticular value In a suburban service. But
for the financial stringency of recent times
the road had long ago undertaken the ex
tension. The Tribune says that the trfcU of
a direct current and a third rail, which
have been characteristic features of the
Central's method, has evidently satisfied
the company that it has made no mistake
here, and that besides the economy of the
substitution of elctrlcity, the lUa has ob
vious recommendations. The third rail Is
no menace to employes or even to tres
passers on the right-of-way. Its current
Is of such low voltage that It can not kill.
In all the two years no one has been hurt
by it. It has other advantages In being
more easily shifted with the track than
other systems, while Its freedom from side
supports and overhead wires leaves noth
ing to be knocked out of gear in case of
accident, and so paralysing traffic. It
does not follow that the system will be
adopted for long runs, since the alternat
ing current has undeniable merits.
Machine Coatrel by Wireless.
Wireless electric control of distant ap
paratus would seem to be a certainty of
the near future. Of course there is no
possibility, as some seem to expect, of
wireless power transmission. The power
to be utilized, whether it Is steam, gas or
electricity, must either be generated at
the machine or transmitted to It In one
of the usual ways; the electro-raagnetlo
waves may start, slop or control the ma
chinery, but cannot run It Several In
ventors are now able to exhibit devices
of this sort that will work for short dis
tances, so that the problem now Is merely
to Increase the radius of action.
In the latest form of apparatus, In
vented by two engineers of Nuremburg.
Germany, and exhibited recently in that
city, the same sending apparatus actu
ated one or another of various machines
In an adjoining room, according to the
position at which a lever was adjusted,
thus demons (rating the possibility of
tuning" the receiving apparatus so (hut
it will be affected by waves of only trie
length. With the sending levtr in one
position, for Instance, electric lumps were
lighted at the receiving station; at other
positions a steam engine was start. -rt,
slowed up or stopped; at another still, a
revolver was fired, and so on.
When this or some similar device has
been perfected so that it will up rate at
a sufficient distance, it will be able to
control automobile torpedoex. explode
mines, and so on. It will appa -e.itly,
however, be subject to the same biectlon
as the present operative systems of wire
less telegraphy; that is, the posHlbllity of
another operator's "butting in." It might
be awkward to have the enemy steal your
torpedo en route and turn It against cne
of your own ships.
Aleinlnluin
carried put by
Teats.
the Brills
Tests carried put by the British Na
tional Physical Laboratory determine the
maximum load of aluminium wire as li t
tns per square Inch (2t.2kg. per sq. mm.),
nd the yield load was 13.1' tons per square
Inch (20.6kg. per sq. mm.), whereas un
aluminium overhead line Is usually pro
portioned for a load of only 5k. per sq.
mm. It Is almost the invariable practice
to employ a stranded conductor for over
head transmission lines of any Importance,
no matter w hether of aluminium or copper.
An aluminium conductor of a given con
ductivity is comptsed of some 60 per cent
trore strands than the equivalent copper
conductor, and actually offers less increase
In resistance due to "skin effects'' than is
the cane with the copper conductor.
The dlstunce apart at which the overhead
conductors must be pltced to withstand a
given elrctroptiitlc presruie between them
without having a brush discharge Is less
the greater the dinnutcr of the conduc
tors. This Is another p'lnt where for
hlph tension overhead transmission lines
(and clo for underground cables) alumin
ium hns the advantage over copper Alum
inium is already employed on at least l.OtV)
miles of overluad transmission lines in
various parts of tho world, under varying
climatic conditii ns. and a specimen cut
out of an aluminium line which has boen
In operation In nn exposed position on the.
tea coast for over seven ears shows
practically no trace of deterioration. The
aluminium transmission lines at present
in operation were installed when the sav
ing In ci st over copper was appreciably
loss than at present, and the fact that the
employment of aluminium for this purpose
Is continually on the increase Indicates
that no engineering clfficultles have been
met with which have not been satisfactor
ily overcome.
6
Taanrt Electrified.'
One of the greatest engineering feats for
many years has been completed by the
electrification of the Bt. Clair tunnel
Canada's Grand Trunk railway system,
joining Sarnla, Ont., to PrA Huron, Mich.,
which was definitely opened for traffic on
Nov. 12. The St, Clair tunnel Is one of the
longest submarine tunnels In the world, be
ing over two miles la length, encased In an
Iron tube nineteen feet and ten Inches in signature. All that Is necessary Is to write
diameter, the tube alone weighing SG.UlO.OuO the telegram on metallic paper with a spe-
thls paper being placed upon a
pounds. The Westlnghouse company wero
the contractors, and it has taken them a
year to construct it. The cost was more
than 100,000. This Improvement will In
crease the efficiency of the tunnel enor
mously, as the new electric locomotives
which will be used for traction will bu
able to haul 30 per cent more traffic, and
save 60 per cent In time over the giant
steam engines they have displaced. Irre
spective of the convenience to passengers
by overcoming the danger and Inconven
ience of having the tunnel clogged with
gas and smoke. This Is the third great en
glneerlng feat accomplished by the Grand
Trunk railway, the others being the single
arch steel bridge spanning Niagara and the
largo Jubilee Victoria bridge crossing the
River St. Lawrence.
Letters by Wire.
M Pascal Berjonneau, a Frenchman, la
Dringing out a remarkable invention whic.i
clal Ink,
cylinder upon which as it turns a needle
writes.
Tho correspondent, who may be hundreds
of miles away, possesses an Identical tel
autographone, the cylinder of which Is cov
ered with a chemically-prepared paper,
provided also with a needle. The electrio
current works the two needles.
The point of the transmitter remains In
ert as long as It passes over the bare
metal, but directly It touches the Inked
part, It presses on It and communicates
the pressure to the other end of the wire,
where the reproducing needle places Itself
at the same time on the white paper of
the receiving cylinder, so that the writing
by a succession of down strokes Juxtaposed,
one after the other, ends by being faith
fully reproduced. For Instance, in the
transmission of a capital "V," you will see
first 'he heads of the two down strokes,
then the latter contract to meet at she tin
he .alls the telautographone. Tills aupar- Whlth torm lne b"e' ,n tne ,am U
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a pen and ink drawing, etc. During these
atus. ts it name implies ("who himself
writes a distance") makes It p-isslhle to
transmit speech written and spoken. It may
take the place of any telephone system.
It la ss big as a typewriter, and operates
b means of clockwork moved by a very
powerful spring. It is very simple, and
can hardly get out of order. A child can
work It. Henceforth. It is claimed, a dis
patch can be transmitted over Soo miles,
and wlU retain Intact the same writing and
transmissions it will be possible for the
transmitters and receivers to telephone.
A nollceable feature of the Invention Is
that it is possible to Insure the strict se
crecy of the- cornmuncutlon which It is
desired to make. It Is sufficient to set the
cylinder at a number of turns agreed on
beforehand, and only those who have their
apparatus set accordingly qrlll recctT the
tueesaga. ,
