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About Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 27, 1908)
0 THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: SEITEMREK 27, 1003." SWIFT'S PREMIUM AMS and BACC1N Finest of Mild Flavored Sugar Cured Smoked Meats t I ' ; Known by the blue lettered white parchment paper wrapper, by the red, blue and gold oval label, and by the brand, "Swift's Prem ium, U. S. Inspected and Passed" on the skin of every piece of the genuine Swift's Premium Ham or Bacon. Easily identified at any time in s SWIFT Insist on Getting "Swift's Premium". COMPANY, U. & A. j I 1 1 I I SEW BISHOPS' FOR CATHOLICS TwelTe Vacant Sees, New and Old, in the United States. DIFFICULT TASKS FOR LEADERS Facia About tho Vacancies aad tho Candidates Institution ot Caaoa Un la Aniertea- Lonely Lives of Bishops. Selection of two archbishops and ten bl8hop to fill the vacant mitres for the United States ii the complex and Im portant task that la now being considered In Rome. No such extensive simultaneous addition to the personnel of the Catholic hierarchy In this country has ever had to be made before this. It will carry the number of the bishops of the United States over the 100 mark, the "total now being ninety, with thirteen archbishops. The nominations to be made are an arch bishop for Santa Fe and a coadjutor for Bun Francisco; new bishops for Cleveland, and for the new diocese of Toledo, O.; coadjutors and assistant bishops for De troit, Syracuse, Burlington, Vt.; Baltimore, New Orleans, Dubuque, Cincinnati and Milwaukee. In addition the rumor is re vived that the archdiocese of New York may be divided and that an auxiliary will be named for Brooklyn, So great has been the Increase of the Catholic population at all the large centers that the volume of work Imposed on the bishops has so grown In proportion as to be almost Impossible for one man to cope with. Hence nearly all of them have ob tained either coadjutors or auxiliary bish ops. "Looking over the list of our bishops we are startled at the number that have been Incapacitated through strenuous la bor," says the editor ot the Catholto Ad vance. "Not the physical labor alone that wears, but the Incessant care and worry and responsibility that are necessarily at tached to the episcopal office and that never cease their corroding Influence upon the bearer of the crosier. Bishops Lonely Bfea. "The lonelleet of men Is the Catholle blahop. From the day he waa added to the aucceaeore of the apostles he eeaaed to have frienda. Ilia new office forbade Intimacy, and like a atatue upon a pedes tal be waa deatlned to be marked for criticism by friend and enemy. The awful responsibility of the care of thou sands of aoula appalls him, and like a faithful captain on , a atorm-toased ahlp, wearied and anxloua, ha dares not deaert the helm." Owing to the pasalng ot the church In the United Stales from the control of the propaganda to the Immediate Jurisdiction ot the pope, by virtue of the recent apos tollo constitution "Sapient! ConslUo," It ia xpected In church circles that many of these appointments will not be acted upon Immediately by the propaganda, but will be left for decision to whoever may be appointed by the pope to couslder them when the complete change of Jurisdiction takes place in October, next. The choice ot bishops will hereafter be made by the conaiatorial congregation, over which the Dopa himself presides. On of the consequences of this change will be) that the bishops here will have to pay la future the uaual feea and taxea for the bulla, rescripts and other documents which they require from the holy aee and Which heretofore, while the United States, a aglselomrr country was under the tutelage of the aropeganda, were delivered to them free of charge. Under the reforma Instituted by Plua X no priest In future will be made vicar gen eral ot a diocese or defender of the mar riage tie unless he has obtained by ex amination the degree of doctor of canon law. This qualification will also be con sidered In the choice ot candidates for vacant bishoprics. Another Important change that the new code of Pius X will make Is that the age at which priests will be ordained with be SI years. At present the canonical age Is 24, and by dispensation ordination can take place at the age of 23 years and 4 months. The change la made to aecure more at billty of character as well as the increase of scientific and theological learning that the advanced Ideals of the present age re quire. Subdea'cons and deacons, as In the early ages, will be employed for some years In their own special ministry before re ceiving final orders. Candidates for Vacancies. With regard to the candidates for the present vacanclea several tangles have to be atralghtened out The moat prominent of theae la the accusation of modernism to tha published writings of the Rev. Dr. Edward J. Henna, at Rochester, N. T., who Is the choice of Archbishop Rlordan of Ban Francisco, for the coadjutorshlp of that see. Tha present visit ot Archbishop Far ley and Cardinal Gibbons to Rome will, it is believed, aid Dr. Hanna's selection. He la defended aa aoundly orthodox by his friends, among whom Is tha most Influ ential member of the Roman curls. Car dinal Satolll, an assistant at whose lec tures Dr. Hanna was during his theo logical course In Rome. The cardinal has always held him In special affection as one of his most talented and promising pupils. In the diocese of Cleveland there Is one of those amaclng blending of races that are the wonder of the Investigating political economist. Besides parlshea and churches for English speaking Catholics, there are now priests and separate churches for Germans. Italians, French, Poles, Slovaks. Bohemians, Syrians. Magyars, Slovenes, Lathuanjans. Roumanians. CToattana, United Greek Slovaks. United Greek Mag yars and Maronltea. In addition to the difficulty of providing for thla polyglot combination there has been long standing friction between the Irlah-Amerlcan and the German elements among the clergy In regard to the choice for bishop.- In view of thla, as usually happen when such complications cro;j up, the new bishop will probably be selected by Rome from aoma otl'r dlocee, ao that he will not be ham pered by Iccal affiliations. Another liuldent of the selection is the creation from the present territory of Cleveland ot tfie new diocese of Toledo, the exact limits of which have not yet been formally defl.-K'd, but which will Include those counties of the state of which the aee city of Toledo is the center. It Is an ticipated that one of the local prleata may be the choice for bishop here. For the coadjutor at Syracuse, N. T., local expectation points to tha Rt. Rev. Mgr. J. 6. M. Lynch, rector of St. John's church, Utlca. In Detroit the popular choice Is Rev. F. J. Van Antwerp, though the name ot Mgr. Farelly, one of the fac ulty of the American college at Rome, Is also mentioned. ' The archbishopric of Santa Fe la an oner ous burden ot bard work among a poor, unprogreasive territory of mining camps and Indian missions that has not many at tractions except tha rank and honor of the title. The late ordinary Mgr. Bourjade spent thirty-odd years there as a mission ary. It must be remembered, however, that Mgr. Chapelle went from this see in 187 as apostolic delegate to the Philippines and later became metropolitan at New Orleans. The rector of the CathoUa university, Mgr. O'Connell, , having been appointed. 4 titular bishop. It la expected that he will be made either assistant to Cardinal Gib bons In Baltimore, a vacancy occasioned by the recent death of Blefiop Curtis, or be assigned to one of the new dioceses If not to Santa Fe. Such a change would of course necessitate the choice of a new rector tor the university, and make an ad ditional place ot honor for some other dis tinguished ecclesiastic here. Aaatatant for Cardinal. Besides all these promotions It Is under stood that mora American blshopa are to be named for the Philippines, and that In addition to Bishop Paul Rhode of Chicago, consecrated there last July; Bishop Joseph M. Koudelka of Cleveland, consecrated last January, and Bishop Stephen Ortynsky ot Philadelphia, sent here by Rome last year, there will be several others ot these auxil iaries named to deal specially with the dif ferent races, notably the Italians, Poles and Slavs. All these additions and changes are tend ing to materially affect the composition and policies of the hierarchy of the United States, which, except that of Italy, Is now the most numerous of any Jurisdiction un der the rule of the church. There are now 1,400 bishops In the Catholic church through out the world. Of these Italy has 268 sees, but the pope, In his reforms, has begun to cut down this number by consolidation. France has eighty-four, Spain fifty-six. Austria-Hungary fifty-two, Russia thirteen, Portugal twelve, Turkey in Europe seven, Greece seven, Belgium six, Holland three, Switxerland five, Boanla-Hersegovlna three, Roumanla two and one each for Bulgaria, Denmark, Luxembourg, Monaco and Servla. Ireland has twenty-eight, England sla- teen, Scotland six, Malta two, the East Indies thirty-two, Japan four, Turkey In Asia three, Persia one, Canada twenty-nine, the United Statea ninety-three, Newfound land three, the republics of South and Cen tral America 180, Australia and Oceanlca nineteen. New Zealand four, the Philippines nine, Cuba and Porto Rico five. Theer are also eighty-one residential sees of the oriental rites and 14S titular bishops. with Jurisdiction over vicariates apostolic. New York Herald. A New York Lochlnvar. . A young Lochinvar, well named Stefano Grllll. came out of the east side. New York City. Boldly, In broad daylight, he abducted his lady love, Angelina 8c hep pi. Ably asalated by three frienda, Grl,U seised Angelina on the street, tore her from her companions, tossed her Jn a ooacli drawn by two fiery black horses and was away with her. Far be It from any one to suggest that the then Miss Angelina, a pretty brunette, was a willing victim. She fainted most realistically when her lover and his allies grabbed her. But a few houra later her brother, Joaeph Scheppi, who had oppoaed the match, got a postal card from Mrs. Grlttl mailed In New York; "We are married; we'll be horns In a few days." Deeeaaoer and November Hitch, For brevity the courtship of Esra Backus and Mrs. Mary E. Peake of Wellsboro, Fa, which culminated In their marriage Auguat M, waa noteworthy. Backua la 7 years of sge and a widower since July 21 last, while his bride is 71 and a widow of long stand ing. Backua, who Is a civil war veteran, was dreadfully lonely after hla wife died and he considered that It would be In keeping with her wishea. If she could have ao ex- pressea mem, mat ne should obtain an other companion. Up to the Kth be knew nothing ot Mrs. Peake. He met her that day and proposed before the day waa ever. Tha next day tner were married. - GO ARMED IN MACEDONIA Greeks Take Advantage of the Tur moil in Turkey. TURK'S GRIP IS NOW RELAXED Bishop Once Accused of Inciting; Mur der Back from Exile Signs of a New Armed Campaign Against Bulgarians. DRAMA, Macedonia, Sept. 20. Some eltfh- teen months ago the foreign agents assist ing tho Turklnh government in ireforming Macedonia offered the suggestion that a few of the many murderers In the prisons be put to death. Up to that tlmo all sen tences, even sentences of death, had meant only imprisonment till the criminal's friends bribed the Turkish Jailer to release him. or, at the longest, till the next of frequent general amnesties. The old regime was as lenient with crimi nals as It was merciless toward innocent peasants. But when the weekly murder list began to assume proportions beyond all recognized limits and the protests of European powers became pressing, the authroltles then decided to try the sug gestion of the foreign agents. To each town of Importance throughout the prov ince orders were sent by the governor gen eral that a prisoner should be hanged In a conspicuous place and that tha body should not be cut down for a day. Effect of Example. The unhappy man who set the example at Salonlca was hanged overnight on the quay at the corner of the Rue Hamidleh, tho principal thoroughfare, where electric tram cars paas every few minutes of the day. Here st Drama a spot was selected on a main road outside the town, where there was one of the few large trees that grace this general treeless country. As the Greeks were the people to whom the lesson waa to be set In thla aandjak, a Greek, Armen Kotso by name, was the man chosen for the rope. He was taken from prison quietly before daybreak, and not In formed of the ' scheme a foot, he was sur prised to come to the tree with the noose dangling from It, having expected only that he was to be shipped Into exile. Before they pulled him up the Turks asked the Greek If he had anything to say and he came out with a curious state ment about the murder for which he was condemned. He and a confederate, he said, had set out to murder their man, a Bul garian, at the Instigation of the Greek bishop of Drama, Mgr. Chrysoatomos, and from him they had received the sum of I pounds Turkish. No Occasion for Wonder. This evidence given by a man about ta be launched Into enternlty. Incriminating bishop high In the order of the Oreek church, might have surprised an unltlated European, but It created little excitement in Drama. The British officers, advising tha reorganisation of the gendarmrle her, were already waging a campaign agalnat thla blahop, endeavoring to have him re moved from the district. Later some Greek bandsmen tried In the courts of Solonlca gave an account of how Greek bands were organised and armed, and their statements again only confirmed the general convictions already existing. Recruits, according to the testimony, re ceived their arms from the Greek consu late. A Graa rifle, a revolver and car tridges were given each man on becoming a member of a band, and he received a salary of CS a month, which la good re 1 MUAeratloa lr this country. Beside this, murders were paid for at a recognised rate of from 4 to 6, according to the im portance of the man slain. Campaign Against Bulgarians. I had heard In Athens in 1904 that an armed campaign against the Bulgarians was then to be started; an ex-prime minis ter told me that bands would soon leave Greece to enter Macedonia. And I knew for I had spent tho year of 1901 in Mace doniathat the Greek priests, especially the bishops there, had been threatening Bulgarian communities with massacre un less they became Greek partisans and ad herents to the Greek church. Their syBtem was this, or at least this was the typical system of the bishop of Fiorina, religious head of the most Im portant district of Monastlr: When the Turks were suppressing, in their usual fashion, a rebellion of Bulgarians, the Greek bishop would go about the country, seeing the headmen of each village and assuring them that they would not be molested by the Turkish armlea if they de clared themselves Greeks and enrolled their names on the books 'of the Greek church. To save themselves from destruction many Bulgarian communities left the Exarchate, the Bulgarian church, and became to all political Intents Greeks. For, I must explain, the Bulgarians were com bating the authority of the Turk, while the Greek peasants, though many of them sympathised with the movement against the government, were restrslned for pollcl- cal motives by their dreaded clergy. In turn the Bulgarian armed bands re taliated with murders of Greek priests, Greek school teachers, and the headmen of Greek villages, making It a rule to leave upon the bodiea of their victims letters tell ing the reason for their deatruction. It waa the old war of the original church against the schlamatlo Bulgarian creed, the Putriarchate against the exarchate, which has not ended with the new government by Toung Turks. Outgrowth of the Move. When murders of Bulgarians become a matter of daily occurrence In every town where Greek partisans were In the ma jority the reforming agents of the powers brought such pressure to bear on the Turk ish authorities that the most notorious of ths Greek bishops were removed. The man of Castorta and the bishop of Fiorina, whom I have visited at his house, were re quired to withdraw, and Chrysoatomos had his correspondence taken from him and examined and later he was ordered to leave Drama within twenty hours. To this post a younger, less fanatical man then came; but as he would not support the so-called political campaign he was re called by the Patriarchate to Constanti nople and the See remained vacant until a few days ago. Still the assaaalnatton of Bulgarians went on, with one of the Oreek vice consuls of an Important town nearby as head of tho committee In this district. From the town of Serres every Bulgarian who had some foreign protection is said to have been driven out. At Kavala, the ' Important tobacco port, a list of exarchlata waa kept and weekly a number of tha names were stricken off. Finally eight Inoffensive unarmed peasants, bringing In tobacco for sale to tha Ameri can company there, were attacked in tha open road and six of them knifed and shot to death, two surviving. Colonel Bonham, chief of the British staff hers, rode over to Karala and aaked the Turkish governor what he was gotng to do. "What can I do?" came the reply, "You can at least," the colonel answered, "give all other Bulgarians safe escort out of this town." A few days later the survivors of the race wars taken by Turkish soldier vp Into the interior, where, their compatriots were strong enough to protect them. , Albania Alao Involved. It is not only in Macedonia that the Greeks are waging thoir political propa ganda. In southern Albania, where they have a large religious following, they deny to the people the use of their own lan guage In the schools. One of the American missionaries who managed to overcome the hostility of the Turkish government to education among the Albanians received a significant mes sage from the Greek leader of a band tell ing him summarily to cloae his school. I have not been able to ascertain from any of the missionaries In Salonlca whether the American was intimidated, but I know that Tsilka, the man whose wife was captured by brigands with Miss Stone, was put Into prison by the Turks, perhaps at the Instance of some Greeks, for teach ing Albanian at Kortla. Being a Turkish subject, an Albanian himself, Tsilka had not ths recourse of an American and in consequence remained a prisoner for six montha, till released in the recent general amnesty. The reason for the methods adopted by the Greek political and clerical party Is that throughout this country generally their cause has a serious weakness. In Macedonia, except along the coast and near the border of Grere, the people speak Bulgarian; in Albania they have their own tongue and a political ambition which Is not allied with Holenlsm. Influence of Young Turks. All this hostility of races la said to have been wiped out with the young Turk move ment, which bids all peoples to love one another. I want to mention Inci dentally that this term was a year ago struck out of a list ot Bible quotations submitted to the Turkish censor by the American missionaries ta Constantinople. Such teachings. Intended for distribution on Easter cards, was not in keeping with the policy of the old Turkish government. It would be remarkable If these peasants could love one another at the Turk's bid ding and forget In a day all the persecu tions to which they have been subjected by him since his conquest of the country, 800 years ago. In my opinion and I be lieve I know something of this peasant the attitude of the Macedonian has not changed deep down In the bottom of his heart. To him tho young Turk Is only the aon of hla father. These same young officers who now bid the peasants be at peace massacred them five years sgo under the direction of their fathera, and countenanced all the hatred of the different churches and encouraged It till eight weeks ago. The Belgian committees declare, too, openly, "We do not trust them; Europe may If she likes, but we shall keep what what arms we have." Nor have the Greeks, It would seem, any confidence in the ability of tha new government. The bishop of Castorta has returned to his See; the bishop of Flortno 'is back; Chrysoatomos came on Sunday I aaw him arrive and took his photograph. All of them have entered Macedonia without the permission of anyone. Pleasant Oatlook. This Is the way things go under the young turka: Everybody does what he pleases and apologises only If he incurs their disapproval. The newspapers slan der and blackmail; tile petty tradesman builds himself a shop in the open road; the criminal released In a general am nesty walks the streets at large; the merchant brings In arms and ammuni tion duty free; anybody may carry a re volver. The community is armed us It never was before; arms dealers and people are taking advantage of the liberty, as It la called. tie of tha mushroom Journals whloh recently sprang Into being here de clared the other day that "there is more liberty In Turkey than In any other coun try In the world." , Chrysoatomos returned on Sunday. At the railway station all the Greeks of this place had gathered to welcome him. Beax a dosen banners were as many bandsmen , In the picturesque uniforms that mark them members of the anti-Bulgarian league. Each of these men wore a large stiver cross, generally over his heart; this croas seems to have been given with the blessings, of the bishop to each recruit on entering me noiy service. I asked the banner bearer to pose before my kodak, and the leader thinking me an Englishman, replied; "We are not for England, but for Mace donia," undoubtedly harboring the recol lection that It was the British officers who eatfsed their bishop to be removed from Drama. They are decorating with laurel wreaths the chiefs of every Greek band that comes In. That the return of the expelled blahops forebodes aught of good no one could con tend. FREDERICK MOORE. QUAINT FOLKLORE OF OATHS One Prnnerotor Comments on' tke Fre quency of Perjury In the Courts. During one of the occasional outcropplngs of pure thought with which the recent Ruef trial In Judge Cabanlsa' court was illuminated, It was stated by distin guished prosecutor that "perjury has be come the greatest crime of the age." Perhaps the trouble is that perjury does not entail such dire calamities nowadays as it onoe did. Delving Into the subject with the spur of curiosity, we learn that two or three centuries ago it cost some thing to swear falsely. Then It was a mortal sin rather than a simple crime, and some of the domestlo troubles which fol lowed were a curse running to the seventh generation, death from a lingering disease within twelve months, or being turned Into a stone, swallowed up by the earth and ever afterward crawling about as a vampire. Those were punishments which deterred. If one believed them. As a matter of fact, few did, and people committed perjury as merrily In the good old seventeenth can tury as In the twentieth. Then, as bow, the moral man spoke tha truth for prac tical moral reasons and tha Immoral man lied for Immoral reasons. Superstition .has always been tha basis of oaths, and their practical value has depended on tha depth of ths superstition. That, of course, is evident enough, as all that .differentiates an oath from plain statement .is that on introduces aa ele ment of religious faith. In California tak ing sm oath requires simply that ft witness raise his right hand while the clerk; in forms him that ha solemnly swears to "tell the truth, ths whole truth and nothing but tha' truth, so help you God." . Tha charm of Icgendry attaches to the explanation that the hand of the witness was originally raised to show that he had not a weapon concealed In It, but this Is apocryphal. Touching a sacred object Is a world-wide method ot oath taking. In earlier ages one swore by the sun or by a great river or some other awesome thing In nature. Even now the Ganges Is tha most binding oath to a Hindu. Tha Tungaa witness still brandishes a knife before the sun. saying: "If I Ue may tha sun plunge sickness Into my entrails like this knife." Tha Somali, administering an oath, declares; "God Is before us and this stone is from Amr Bur," naming a sacred mountain. Tba man to bs sworn then takes the atone and says: "X shall not Us in this agreement." It would be pleasant to believe that he does now 6an Francisco Chroalols.