"What a Wool Market at Omaha Means to Flockmasters of the W est ,
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CIIARLRS II. KINO. PRESIDENT OMAHA
Storage Company.
ORE than 110.000,00 pounda of
wool, valued at la.OOO.OCJ.
passes throueh Omaha Mirh
year on the way to eastern
markets, being sold to manu
facturers, consigned to com
mission merchants and "wool buyers,
buyers,"
specula-
who bear a close resemblance to
tors.
When the valuation and number of sheep
In Wyoming waa compiled January 1. 1908,
by the state sheep commission It was
learned that there were 4,622,278 sheep
valued at S2O.35O.00O In that state alone
that state alone
PUnd"
1H,WM,M.
which last year marketed
of wool valued at about
Careful Investigation showed that Wyom-
, ,, , ... ,. .
n!ISwalm0,,t v,'yU,lnB had,tcU
... vyinai,., cur ui uu iui
bought everything lu growing population
needed ln Omaha-the market town.
Further Inquiry disclosed the fact that
the railroads which haul the wool of the
Tran.ml.sour. country to the market, of
trie east, or rather originate the traffic,
ZT.nat cte"te,r. o"! MiS80Url rlver
and that center Is Omaha.
t ha. also developed within the last
few years that the cattle barons of the
west, who once held undisputed sway over
the great public domain, have been dls-
placed by new lords of wealth and power
the sheep men.
In Wyoming and Montana, states which
depend on Omaha a. a near market, the
dust of cattle trail, once clouded the blue
skies, but now the old highway, of the
steer are grass covered and dusty-backed
herds feed on them. The Incessant "ba-a-a"
had to be recognised and the sheep
men who have gained every foot of ground
on the range, which they now possess,
by their own enterprise and courage, re
solved to take one more step. It was to
establish a "near market" which would bt
well equipped with fireproof warehouses
where the season's clip could be stored at
a nominal rate, and backs whose vaults
were full of gold.
The warehouses which were demanded
had to be public ln their character, rather
than owned by commission men and brok
ers who handled the wool.
The bank, had ' to have funds which
would be loaned at a rate of Interest not
to exceed per cent and accept for col
lateral the warehouse certificates, loaning
on them up to 40 per cent ot the value
Of the wool.
For years the growers had been consign-
Ing the wool to eastern cities where It wa.
stored ln warehouse, belonging to com-
....... u.. w.. v.
place of the banks, and. having abundant
capital, advanced from 36 to 60 per cent of
the market value of the wool and charged
Interest for the advance until final settto
men was made when the commission
dealers .old the wool. In addition the
grower, paid the storage.
These were some of the condition, and
requirement, which confronted the wool
grower, of Wyoming, Charles H. King,
banker and wool grower; C. F. Redingtoru
formerly of the Northwestern railroad
company, and President 1. A. Uelfelder of
the Wyoming Wool Growers' association,
When they resolved to estabilsn a
market" for the wjol.
near
one look at the railroad map of the
j ransmissouri country; one estimate
' f
rlvep
the available capital at Missouri
ltlrs and one Inquiry at the banks con
con.
vlnced them that Omaha was the plao
which would meet all the requirements and
beside, extend a glad hand and give more
than something in return.
With tbelr answers In hand from the
bankers and a few business men, the pro
moters of the wool market applied to the
Commercial club for co-oueratlou, especially
ln the matter of securing the necessary
railroad rates.
It was not a new proposition to the Com
mercial club this "near market" for the
trool crop of the west. For over a yoar
Commissioner J. M. Guild and the club'
committee on the location ot industries had
worked on the proposition to establish a
wool market for Omaha. Their efforts had
been only rewarded by "favorable answers"
from the wool growers and some comments
from the railroads, as well as complete
discouragement from the eastern markets
asked Indirectly to express an opinion as to
the necessity for a market at Omaha
Neither was the proposition new to Omaha.
It had been suggested before and In years
past, during the long and active life of
Edward Rose water, editor of The Bee. the
wool market was advocated. Mr. Rose-
water congratulated th. city on having
the live stock market and commended the
efforts and final establishment of a grain
market, but with his far-sighted mind he
estimated the Importance of bringing the
wool to Omaha as second orjy to the live
stock market ot South Omaha.
When the shearing season was only sixty
days off, the Commercial club took up the
matter of securing tlie rates and the Great
Western Railroad company promised to
furnish a site fur the first wool warehouse.
This marked the decline and probable fall ,nd,ai although tht.y a compete Will It.
of eastern market, so far as the wool of Tno., tlda, whk.h aM coming- 4,wn to
the greatest producing states of th. west Ul, ,hIp oa the h)(aa, of thttl gafc of na
are concerned, and opened a new era of tlv. tr. destined to be made .t bewta
Independenca to the growers of the wool an(1 ,hoes In our American f merles, and
who have been at tba mercy of eastern buy. ,ven now many of you ha' Lake Vlo
ers for years. Tba proposition was put torla oow.kln under your t. We for
s.iuarely to Oeorge 8. Walker, secretary of marly got our best goatskin, from the Bo
th. National Wool Orowers association, and malt coast, and they we si! shipped from
to the Commercial olub he replied: "The Aden. Arabia. Then one of the Uganda
establishment tf a wool market at Oraelia officials, who had been on duty ln Brit,
would certainly ba a great assistance to the tsh SomaUland. decide that the goat
)rvl growers and I trust that your piaaa skies fruta ther might sent t Amerloa,
J. A. DKtFRL.DEn, VlCfi
BtorK Comiiany, and
Growers' Association,
will work out In a manner satisfactory to
.11 concerned."
To the Inquiry of the club about the wool
market. J. A. Munroe. freight traffic man-
ager of the Union Pacific, replied: "We
shall be glad Indeed to see a wool market
ii. t. n i. - x , ,t -
eaiaoimnea ai rmu ii.o iiivji i..
with our approval and we shall bo glad to
assist all we can."
No less cordial was the reply of C. E.
Bpens, general freight agent of the Bur-
. . . .
ungton. wno sam: -wnus mis means a
possible division of traffic as between
competitors and would result in the read-
...in. thai nit a ti
competitors and would result ln tne reaa-
justment ot tariffs that might tend to re-
arran119 tha present a,V""n' f reVenU
as between lines cast and west of the
...... .v, im. , nt
-
the opinion that the establishment of such
m market at umana wouia result in an aa-
vantage to the city and ln Increased traffic
generally; that all Interested would derive
benefit, and so far as the Burlington railroad
is concerned we will gladly assist ln making
this project a success."
Samuel F. Miller, assistant general
tMt and p"8enser ttKent ot the chlcago
& Northwestern railroad put himself on
record ln the same spirit and the three
railroads agreed to bring ln an answer by
April 15, 1808, aa to what could be done to
make It possible to establish a wool mar-
ket at Omaha.
It was not with any degree of anxiety
t . . i, ,
lu" ol . .u ,
was awauea oy euner m .womniLTciui
club of Omaha or the wool arowers of
Wyoming, as the railroads were friendly
w uom mo uny oi.u mo u.vini w" ut-
Ward an enormous tonnage to the east each
year. The condition was that there were
no local rates from the wool shipping points
-
A Future
(Copyright, 1908, by Frank O. Carpenter.)
WANZA. (Special Correspond-
ence of The Bee.) I have left
Bukoba and have come to the
extreme southern end of Lake
Victoria. The distance was
nlnety-three miles, and our lit-
tie steamer waa ail day coasting the shores,
We made our way along a rocky coast.
s,
t,
.y
and are now ln a harbor surrounded by
rr.l t hills mnA hilMjira fit irrlnltA
...... -
Th l.wo. r,mr r. TiV. Vlnlnrli a filf
-" ' v- "
up by great bays. At my left Is Speke gulf,
whlo extends fifty miles Inland, and at my
right 1. Erntn Pasha bay, which waa dla-
thought they had outlined this part ot the
lake. Lying between these Is the peninsula
upon which this town or Mwanza is situ-
ated. It Is the place where John Hanning
Bpeke first saw Laka Victoria and an-
nouncod Its existence to the world. The
first man to go clear around the lake waa
v 1 ' a
German Tn f Mwansaw
Stand with me on the steamship Wlnnl-
re ana iaae a iook at mis town or
Mwanxa. It runs around a harbor, which
i.. -. " '" wc"
.guarded by .mall rocky Islands, itie en-
narrow urn we seem www
?J.'itllI!I.ne,J,hU. IVr, r.t1 k1"
ior.a yanza, a wooaen pier na. Deen
Built out into the harbor, and It is at thu
that our steamer Is lying. At the begi
.in.
nlng of the pier I. the custom house.
shed walled and roofed with galvanized
Iron, and back ot It are the round white
towers of the German port. In front of
which tall black soldiers ln kakhl inarch
up and down.
At the right of the custom house are the
low bungalows, with white walls and red
roofs, which form the hosj.ltal and offices
of the civil governor, while at the feft,
high up on a hill. Is the home of the mili
tary commandant, by far the best house
in the place. Between that and the shore
extends a forest of oil palms, and further
back, behind the fort, running for miles
out into the country. Is the native village ot
Mwanza, with Us Hindoo stores and
thatched huts. The village is cut up by
wide streets. There are many trees, and
everything looks spick and span and new,
future Tradlaar Center.
Before 1 tuRe you on shore, let us look
at tlie scenes about the wharf, and the
loudlug and unloading of the t tamer.
This will give some Idea ot the trade of
the region, and also of what is going on
way out htra ,n lh heart of Ejst Africa,
Only a few years ago this country was ab-
olutery unknown. It was supposed to be
an Impenetrable wilderness; it people
were ln continual warfare, and the chief
business was the buying and selling of
slaves. Today we buy many of Its
products, and the richer of Its natives are
wearing our cottons.
Be that greoi baie of guuda which la
being taken off now. - That contain '
Amerlcani, a kind ot sheeting whUi
bring, more and sells better than r.lty
brourht In from Enirland. flniu. nwt ...
WOOL. AND
M
FRK8IDENT WOOL AND
Becretury Wyoming Wool
to Omaha on the product, ana no thoughU
of proportionate rate, from Omaha to the
markets of the world. But the railroad of-
flclals worked out a "storage In trsjislf
-
rate slmlllar to tna -rammg in iransn
rates" given on gram, in Drier xney wouia
oIMmt lh wnn tft ha hilled to lllA east AJld
stopped at Omaha, where It could remain
lr storage for one year or until sold, and
forward! to the manufacturers in tne
east on the same bill of lading on wnlcn
1 asBSaaS naal rrl Haltu BVllntakA
" m.w
For all present need, this was perfectly
satisfactory to the growers and promoters
r th hn,,.n in HmDhi Th.n
sa.usracto.ry to the growers ana promoters
of the wool warehouses ln Omaha. Then
th8 Ch,c reat We,tcrn
pany, through its general agent at Omaha,
n i tpiu. i.i-.j . , .v,,v. v,- ,u.
iiMu.ci.cu a wim. "- n'
advantage, ot trackage facilities and con-
nectlons with all the railroads entering
Omaha. Just forty-five days after Charles
H v King and C, F. Redlngton walked Into
the office of Commissioner Guild of the
Commercial club a gang of 100 men waa put
2 Zl t TJ thVf.r.t warehoused
store the wool of the 1908 clip. The plan Is
to bulId 11 upon the unlt "ystem en"
large It on the present site to hold 40,000,000
pounds of wool, on an amount equal to
every pound of wool grown In Wyoming
and Nevada If It was all sent to Omaha tor
storage.
when definite Information as to what th
.,,., or Omaha would do In furnishing
'
fund3 wltQ whlcn t0 nan(iie the 125,000.000
., vrhlrh will nrnhah v ah n
share of their wool to Omaha was de-
uZTZZ reived
tTom four Omaha bankers:
jr. f, .aj.
Erection of your new wool warehouse and
Great Trading Center on Lake Victorias
and so an Immense trade ln that prod-
uct has grown up north of the lake, it
has extended down here to the south, and
some of our finest skins now come from
this region. This is so of cattle hides, as
well as the skins of goats and sheep. All
are exported ln quantities.
The regions about the lower end of the
lake are largely devoted to .totk raising,
The native, have big herd, of cattle,
h. .htof nrnfi
aliAAn ArA oc,n am. tVt. tVttt r-rft
ovm... m.v --
. . t .1 .,.
Hunt uio nun
ing here for $5 or $4 apiece, and a sheep-
skin or goatskin can be bought for a yard
or so of American sheeting. Back ln the
mimor m prapu w cumum no ion-
.kins, with the hair on, as clothing, and
even here ln Mwanxa both women and
men are dressed ln such skins.
,
Peamata and Cotton.
This country" Is also a land of peanuts,
Indian corn and cotton. There la some
hubbuoo uDoui me conon, out mis snip
win carry awav 11.000 Dounds when it
leaves here, and it was all raised within
a few miles of Mwanza. The cotton Is put
up in 100-pound bales and was carried to
this port by two men to each bale. I am
told that the seasons are so uncertain.
however, that there Is little expectation of
maKlna- the
77,000 tons were shipped from German East
Afrlc li EurP ycar. anl aomethlng
nka 6,ooooo0 pounds went out from Mwanxa.
A. . v.,,.. h ... . ,v,.
- " ..".. vu ....
United States via Aden or Naples, so that
there 1. but one transhipment after they
leave the coast of the Indian ocean.
X have spoken of Mwansa as a future
-,-
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Lis f -
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"H 9
VAKSUMA WOMAN AND
4
BREAKING! GROUND FOR
the launching of a new enterprise, thua tak-
JkeC ThS wVceTtflnly E5td
vant&geouHly to the sheep Industries lo-
cated west and northwest of us. and par-
-m a v.- ui.-.,..
J,- " Vm hav s system of certlfl-
cation and that your house will be mads
''rvttTUlar." '
nic. bnfc -riu h, nltuuied to make loans
wVln,t wVreliS rlcpts for wool when
you are ready for business.
vy"ri oesi wisues, w. remajn, vry .
yiee president First National Bank.
understand that you are about to
erei? a warehSu.a ror the storage of wool
In Omaha, and we believe the location you
have selected to be a aood one.
in Omaha, and we believe the location you
have selected to be a good one.
poYslbrefor1 uXo to -lilt's woomar'-
kot In Omaha, and to this end have always
exoressed a willingness to extend every
..mrnrtaiinn o wool owners
SfS.&VWX
proposed to Dulla. very truly yours.
n fw' ?, CI?T'k
Cashier omaba wauonai uant
We are especially pleased to know of
your intention to build a warehouse In this
'Jn.
this direction will be gratifying to you and
wt?Wh.rk:f pfS
and favor collateral paper, we will no doubt
t times be very g ad Indeed to handle
yCur.Ct?uTy A.MILLARXyOU'
Cashier United States National Bank.
We are glad to learn that you are con
structing a warehouse for the storage of
wool In the city of Omaha. The grounds on
which vou are locating Tour warehouse
possess excellent trackSge facilities. We
bl ova the Flora r a of wool In the c v of
P'naha LitL Ll'l'i I",
tfe.rTroxy
storage or wool in eastern cities, we wish
you the best of success in your enterprise
f&Xj
men In the way of advancing money on
trading center. It may be the Chicago of
tne Uerman possessions. It Is on a lake
which is 10,000 miles bigger than Lake Mich-
Igan, and It has a rich country extending
for hundreds of mile, to the south, east
and west of it. The goods which now
come In here are over trade routes which
go to Lake Tanganyika and the coast of
the Indian ocean at Dar e. Salaam. The
trade route, are merely paths-'througrr the
.... .1 ,, t
. a . I. ... . . i . i ..1 i
vvwub. uub nitrjf ie ami u an ii uuuuu uy
. . . . .
me Dare loot oi mouBunus oi poners, eaca
of whom carries sixtv nounda
upon his
head. The distance from here to the Indian
ocean .. not over 600 miles as the crow files,
but this human freight train takes seventy
daya to make the Journey, and the rates
are consequently high. The Germans are
now proposing to build railroads between
these two points. They have begun at rar
es Salaam and are laying a trunk line to-
n- .....- rr.i.. u. w v.
,ected at town f d
oln norUl to Mwanla Thl, wlu lv9
... . . .
Indianapolis bold In regard to Chicago.
Btgb Freight Rate.
At present nearly all the freight from
here Is carried on British steamer, across
the Ua.nda railway to the coast at Mom-
basa. I understand that the Germans
WAiiM IfltA f n nut f hif tt wn at nmrsi nn
l" V. " VI
mi iiu, uui inai mo m iusu itiu.o io
bring In over their railroad the machinery
or supplies necessary to build the boats,
They Intend to keep the carrying trade of
Lake Victoria to themselves as Ions as
...
i
V
1
CHILD.
JTATTVES
THE FIRST OMAHA WOOL. WAREHOUSE.
warehouse certificates Issued by your com-
pauy. Yours very kjMjjj drake
President Merchants National Bank.
Few who have not Investigated the
rw wno . Din not invesugaiea me
sheep Industry In the United State, are
aware 0f iu growth ln the west, which
. .... ....
Deen KTtax trial ss per cent or tne
wool dipped each spring Is now produced
west of the Mlsslsslnnl river Of the as-
nound. ellnned In 1907 over 180-
000,000 pounds clipped ln 1907 over 160,-
000,000 pounds were clipped In the states
west of Omaha and which are counted as
those which will ship their product to
Omaha and give the strongest suorjort to
v
the market.
The promoters of the wool warehouse.
In Omaha learned further that the states
-hih ,i .K., ... 4
tnW0"' S JTflSl
- -
' thelr product' on 1W7 ba"1 re a"
follows:
tZtrrS.hon
3,m',M0
l.A.W
26;9oiO
8.'liMxio
7,S11.0"0
H51'0"0
J Pounds.
Colorado J? J26, i!I5
SSSfi. T.:....-........!?
Idaho 17,2W.0uO
"h?..:.::::"::::::'!.'?.-
Wyoming ............ ...M.OT.OOO
Nebraska 1,875,000
Other states which are apt to ship to champion shearer of the United States, has 11 h3 kept down the wool production.
Omaha reported the crop of 1907 aa fol- clipped 100 sheep In three hours. It is said In 1878. according to the figures fur
low.: that thi. .hearer turns out 178 sheep ln a nished by the Department of Agriculture.
Washington 4.8no.O00 9M.000 day through the season. About 100 sheep tUertt wera 86,740,600 sheep ln the country
Montana 30,820.000 7.&m.oo . .nm.H .. .n avera. for a and on January 1, 1907. there were 63.-
North Dakota 2.112,5.0 6SH.150 may ba ocePti as an average ror a 0', ', , ,90, ther.
South Dakota 8,900,000 WW.OO0 shearer. The operators get about 8 cunt. "u' 0 " Ja""ar ..Ll
The fact that Wyoming wool growers
'f lL1" 1 .V'8
in making It a success by shipping to
"aha. but no less Interested are th.
frowers In Montana, Utah and Colorado.
they possibly can. And so. If the Germans
want steamers, they must bring the iron
and other materials for them ln pieces of
not over sixty pounds each, on the heads
of porters for 6)0 or 700 miles through their
own country. This would be costly and al.
most Impossible, and the probability 1.
that the German steamers will have to wait
until the German railroads are built.
How would you like to pay J40 a ton for
-v,i i i n
kln..l,. 1 . jj. . m fwt
oii.jiii giauu ui lui i v uiiutnuB vi w
m. . . . ... . . ..,-t
.fii ium is me raio a young uigiwn-
man on board expects to pay to get some
rice taken from Bukoba 2u0 miles inland,
He wants the rice to feed a gang of port-
ers wno are to go with a commission wnicn
i now outlining the new boundary between
Uganda and the Congo Free State. The
rice Is being taken on here, and It will be
unloaded at Bukoba, from where the port-
era will carry It across country to the
boundnrv cnmmiirn Tt la narked nr. In
boxes of sixty pounds each, and 1,030 men
win be required to carry It. The amount
ni i. thirty i.i it win taka,
these 1,000 men a month to make the jour-
ney. Each porter will get 4 rupees, or $1.33, 0ng enough to wind about the body of a the western wool, regardless of any re
for the work, so that the transshipment man or woman with the accompanying ports which may have been sent out from
cf that thirty tons of rice will cost 11.833 ln folds. Such a length constitutes a dress eastern cities that the wsstern wool was
wages alone, not Including the freight rate
on the steamer from here to Bukoba.
Trad of Lake Victoria.
During my trip around the lake I am
VisaVlnir a ami r.i.rw-rt nn t v in rn H.inut
7 'r:1 .. ,
irauo mailers, lutro are ii.anjr uniiiuin ui
natives who might be reached by this lake,
and Uncle Sam should send out his drum-
mers to show them our goods and study
their wants. I have already written of
WHO FILE TlfiulR TEETH,
: - : V- -: 1' : : ' s
; ' ; f ;e ;.'yf ;'fn: ; .
. . ., . I . . I -
i ( V ' i Tat ' '
- i .. ' " . 1 ' ' " ' '
.: i' . ' ; - -
' .. . 4 - . . j
t5-
JAMDS A.
Railway.
The Burlington railroad runs direct to
Oman from Billings, Mont., the greatest
wool Bhlpplng center In the world. From
the P11"8 s.bout Billings a constant stream
OI wo' Pur 10 ln m,i" wareiwuses
ana Blrll)s" OI ireigni cars on sweiracKS
wn It (n cr fir thn ihlnmunti wfilVi la in
" - " " "
,acks- TheM "ck ar Pulle(1 mn tlmcB
from thirty to 100 miles across the counrtry,
P"ea "'a" on 8 real ireigm wagons ana
drawn by six, eight and even slxteen-horse
P1Ie high on great freight wagons am!
teams. .
Shearing season Is now on In the west.
Some of the growers have half their flocks
clipped. The work Is done by machinery,
which takes he fleece off almost ln one
ploce. The men who operate them aro pro-
iessionais. i ne neraers oring ineir oanos
ot sheep up and run thorn Into pen The
fesslonals. The herders bring tbclr bands
shearers grasp them. There is a "ba-a-a"
or perhaps three of them, the keen knives
cut through the wool end It drops off like
ona garment. '
The shearers, who travel from Texas to
Canada and shear sheep all the way up,
d0 tne work fa8t tnat ,l doel not relulra
a great while to take every fleece from a
flock. One shearer, Frank Hewitt of Sara-
tna-a. Wvn . ishn la rrAltrA -with belns: the
per fleece, and though the work Is exhaust-
'JX '" "
Some of the sheep men are making for-
tune. In th. west, but the -bH-hment
of a near market for the wool, where K
American sheeting. We are landing a dosen
bales of them here. They are sent ln
through Arnold, Cheney & Co. of Zanxibar,
who have their traders going through this
part of Africa selling goods and buying
hides and ivory. They get the sheeting from
New Tork, and It has to compete with
goods made to Imitate it In England and
India, and .old at much lower prices. Of
late some cheap German Imitations are also
. . . ... . .
, n.. . . . . i
coming in. i no naiives preier our jviucu-
. . ... . . . . ..
can gooas to any otner, ana are reaay 10
pay more for them. They can tell the gen-
uine American by its smell, and. upon put-
ting their noses to the Manchester or Bom-
bay goods, they will throw tnem aside in
disgust. Indeed, back ln the interior our
cottons have become a standard of value,
and are used a. money. A sheep, for In-
stance, Is estimated as worth a yard and
a halt of American!, a cow Is worth nine
. v,,,, w r is nr u
. valued at sixty yards or more. Contracts
for earning goods are paid for In so many
.v.n. .-j . u i ,. Umrth
n which the goods are sold being strips
pattern. The merchants buy tba stuff In
pieces of thirty yards each.
Watlv Markets.
But ... u. ,
a. i . . . t
shore and take a look at
ln "'" " "
there we can see how
these people do business at nome. Wl tne
way W8 pa, .PVeral German officials.
They are nattily dressed In white duck and
each wears a white helmet. Every man of
. . . . 1 , , ,
them carries a hippopotamus skin whip In
his hand. These whips are as thick aa
one's finger, and slmost as elastic as rub
ber. The officials use them to keep the
natives In order, and the .lightest cut will
draw blood.
Going on to the market, which lies Just
beyond the fort, we find ourselves ln a
Each twist Is the slse of my little finger,
covering a quarter of an acre. It Is open
at the sides and Its thatched roof Is upheld
by round wooden pillars. Upon the floors
are scores of black women and men, somo
drerd In cottons, others In bark cloth,
and not a few ln cowsklns. They are slt-
" ting on the ground with their wares lying
before them In almost Infinitesimal piles.
The poverty of the country Is such that no
one can spend more than a cent or so at
a time, and the averase purchase Is In the
fraction of a cent. H.-re, for instance, is
a peanut peddler. Srie Is a blank girl with
plugs In her ears. The red shelled nuts are
spread out on a mat In bodies of ten, each
pile selling for twelve cowry shells, or one
tenth of a cent. Farther over la a woman
selling tobacco at bne-half cent per twist.
Each twist la the site o fmy little finger,
and those packages of snuff wraped up ln
leaves are not quite as large, Boap and
roasted ants are sold In much the same
way, and so also are eome klnrtj of Ira
ported goods. Here, for Instance, Is a
man selling needles and thread. No one
here thinks of buying a whole popcr of
needles or a whole spool of thread at one
time. The needles aro divided up into
blocks of two. tl ree or five and stuck into
green cane, whtlo tlie thread 4s cut Into
short lengths and wrapped sround bits of
dried banana leaves and thus sold.
In one corner of the market are thy
but her shop. All meit is quite rhap,
but there Is ro rolling of (he carcass.
Into steaks, chops and roasts, as at home.
Kach butcher has the dead body and en
trails of one animal lying before him.
They are usually spri-ad on the bloody skin
of the animal which has been killed on the
spot where It la sold. The butcher chops
4U.il saws off little chunks of meat accord-
(Contlued on Page ThraaJ
o '
ELLIS,
CHICAGO GRUAT WESTERN
'may be held for better prices, will greatly
Increase the profits.
Most of the men who have made fortunes
have started as sheep herders and have put
- - -- '
u.eir savings nuo sn.au holm oi liieir
own. uno oi tne mvnem snoep owners m
tlw vvrtrlil la fhnrloa f Knlr et Ttlllinira
" - " -
Mont- Ile ha nla(lu hl fortune with a
small beginning. Mr. Bair, besides owning
a largo amount oi snecp range in xuoniana,
leases a large portion of the Crow Creek
inu.an reservation ror grazing purposes.
This year Mr. Balr's clip will amount to
l.DOO.OlO pounds. It he holds the wool he
will probably realise 2 cent, per pound on
It, and net 30,u00. Yet this probably repre-
sents only about halt of Mr. Balr's income
for the year, as his sales of mutton and
lor tne year, as nis
lamb, are very large.
with the wool market located ln Omaha
and the packing houses of the olty buy-
ing and slaughtering on the average of
1.000 sheep each day, the growers of
Wyoming are gaining an advantage which
can only be appreciated when they have
eoured a neat sum each year by holding
s.nd securing a better price. The heavy
demand for mutton and lambs promises
to become greater each year. Since 1904
'
extraordlry Tot iZ
iambs, leading to the selling and slaugh-
. - larea nortlnn of the total num.
of ,h((p! rep0,u
Omaha, Kansas City and Chicago In the
last few years show a tremendous ln-
crease ln sheep shipped for slaughter and
still the supply has hardly kept pace
rlth the demand. According to sheep
men there are now about 1,000,000 less
sheep In the country than at shearing
season last year. There has been a
evy decrease ln Montana and Idaho,
mn "lc"M" ,n ,ul"-
ttul ul" W001 market at umana promises
lndu"try which must necessarily be
a Dene"t t0 tna growers. The "pullery"
follow a wool market as a general thing.
Already the Commercial olub Is eoaslder-
. 1 a nlajit f r nulU the
from the hides whlchthey will buy
,h ..,. h.
lnm pacKing nouses.
t, ,, i. . v, rt , , u ..,,.1 -,i.w -
I1"-'""! UOUBBS COU1Q lUrniBQ B
rjullerv with more than 1 000 nelta tiar
d y Th. D lu Montana and Idaho
,,', .hi a ... ni ,.x,.... v.1
diverted to Omaha, while a large number
can be picked up from the country butch-
ers. giving a pullery some 1 600 to 1 800
poiU per aay M a .tarter. The largest
pullery In the world is the McMillan
pullery at Minneapolis, which when run.
nlng at Us full capacity, and having bsn
tnKiiui,.H . mK.. .
KT
only pull from 8,600 to 1,600 pelts per
day. .
That h. t.. ... .in
be compelled to come to Omaha to buy
not needed. Is shown by the report of the
Department of Agriculture which credits
the wool of the west with being the
finest offered to the buyers of the world.
Here Is a report of a few states, show.
Ing the quality and average value per
scoured pound October 1. 1907:
r. in
Wyoming-Fine, f"e medium....
Value.
....$007
63
U7
Nebraska line, fine medium..
"ana- me. une meaium
Utah Fine, fine medium
guuih UiUtota Fine, fine medium,
Colorado Fine, fine medium
.67
.1.3
M
..a
.66
.w
.64
.M
.69
Idaho Fine, line medium..
Pennsylvania fine; 76 medium..,
New Hampshire 2 fine; 70 medium.
Indiana 15 fine; Sf. medium
North Carolina Medium
Massachusetts Medium
Michigan fine; i& medium
Thu. it Is seen that while the sheep on
the western ranges already furnish the fin
est wool grown ln the United States, the
rtate authorities and the government are
working constantly to Improve the quality.
The government Is giving particular atten
tion to breeding the most suitable sheep for
western range condition, and an experi
ment station has been established at Lara
mie, Wyo., where the development of the
Ideal sheep Is being curried out. It la the
aim to produce a sheep that Is at one
hardy and active, a great wool producer
and first class for market purpose.. When
this result has buen obtained America will
have to depend on no other country for a
portion of Its wool as It does toGay, but th.
manufHctuiers may come out to Omaha
and buy their wool at auction or private
sale, and turn to the great range, of the
west which pri.mife to help America be
come the first, Instead of the third among
tho sheep breeding nations of the world,
de.i'lte the trouble and trials of sheep rais
ing eluKciihtd by the shepherds and chanted
l.y them ln the lonely Wyoming camps:
O. Man that herds the sheep has got lots
e.f .'UUM to weep
He'd belter join u.o army and get fat;
Fur will, sheep you do ,i't lazy, though
their mind la never ai.;v.
And at length they will drive
ve you crazy
wuh their blut.
1 ;
Vou t. ke It In the spring when the lambing
You walk ui.ii your feci ,re slweeya sore
ror 11 .y aie if., 0:1. r here n.i.l tU-.-r aud
And the, (ti blut and the lambs keep u
a re.ir.
When the press gets short below to the
mountains then w go;
Thu ew.s start off like greyhounds nit.
a-pat; ' "
They e aii beat the swiftest deer or an
Texas steer, '
While vou travel to th musio of their
6
