I
ft
TIFE OMAIIA SUNDAY BEE: MAY 17, 1908.
Congregation Israel and the Beautiful New Temple It Will Occupy
NE evening In August, !, ft llt-
1 tie group of eleven of the Jewisn
I I I re',lf'"t 'f Ornaha, Impelled by
i i
a .
i i
i
their forefathers which lias turn
a murk of tho Jewish people
elncn time Immemorial, met In a private
room In tho thriving little city ami formed
tho coi-gregatinn Israel. Next Friday the
congregation w hich was started 80 unnus
piclousiy tlilrty-nlne years bkd will dedh ate
a place of worship, the nw Temple Israel,
which for architectural beauty Is nuri'MH'd
by no other church building In tho city.
Tho first lit tin band f eleven was com
posed of men who had come west to build
their fortunes and tiono of them was pos
sessed of largo wealth or means very much
beyond what was absolutely necessary to
provide his dally bread. Yet without tha
advantages of much mi.ity they established
tho congregation on a firm foundation and
struggling through tho first years of ad
versity It has now grown to a membership
of 450 and trnno of the wealthiest and most
Influential business men of the city are In
cluded on Its rolls, Besides being the old
est Jewish congregation In Omaha, It also
bag the distinction of being the largest.
The r.ew temple Is not only a tiling of
beauty, It is an Inspiration, eiqieclally to
those who have regard for its saeredness,
but also to the largo mass of people to
whom Its architectural features will appeal
a art. An architect after becoming ac
quainted with the structure, said on viewing
It fr"om tho outside:
"To come before the new Temple Israel
Is to como before a presence. It Is not oue
of multitude, It Is the one only. It is mass
ive and yet of spirit. Its dome of the air,
airy, jet rooted to the world, a sure refuge.
The great spread of nt ps an invitation to
coine Into its gates, not heedlessly, but us
Dhe ascending to a 'high place.' "
neantlful .rn Temple.
One who falls to feel tho spirituality of
the edifice lacks some element of the soul.
The modern French classic style of archi
tecture In which It Is built gives it grace
and beauty and at tho same time a massive
and Impressive appearance. The artistic
qualities arc Increased by the buff britk
terracotta and Bedford limestone of which
Its walls aro inado.
The broad steps leading to tha main
entranco are Indeed an Invitation to enter,
and once Inside the Impression of the exte
rior Is Intensified. The vestibule Into which
one enters from the front la beautiful with
Its tiled floor and arched celling. Tho dec
orations of the Interior are quiet and ef
fective The walls are light tinted, the win
dows of stained glass of the highest class.
Two of these will attract Immediate at
tention becauso of the artistic picture that
ha been stained In the glass. Ono of them
depicts Moses descending from Mount Sinai
bearing the two tablets of stone and the
other represents King David In his youth,
with his harp. The main arc across the
front Is a handsome piece of work in se
lected oak.
The pipe organ, which was installed at an
expense of H.000, Is a work of beauty and
its sound qualities are of the best. It fills
a space In the front of the auditorium di
rectly over the rostrum.
The seating is arranged on an Inclined,
balled floor in such a way that every seat
commands a clear view of the rostrum.
The acoustics of the auditorium are unusu
ally good for a high domed room and the
steam heating and ventilating system of
the best.
On the main floor Is seating capacity for
433 people and in the gallery for 100 more,
With the Baziba Inhabitants on the Western Shores of Victoria Nyanza
(Copyright, l&rifi, by Frank G. Carpenter.)
UKOBA, German East Africa.
(Special Correspondence of The
Hee.) I have Just made a big
bargain In clothes. I purchased
the wardrobe of a girl of Is
and have it packed away In
1-54
my trunk. The sale waa made in the
mddst of a crowd and the price for the
whole waa equal to Just 18 cents of our
money. Tho coinage was In oowry shells.
about as big as my thumb nail, and I had
to pay 6W of these for the costume. The
dresa had all the swish of a silk petticoat.
and it rustled aa the young woman walked
along with me to the town of Bukobs,
where my silver money waa changed into
shells.
Among the Daslbaa.
im,i ,, 1 t, . .
Thl maiden was a Ba&ba, and a very
good looking type of the people who In
nubit this part of Gorman East Africa. I
took her out of i. , r,.,v,i i v,i..i. '.
stood, and. before sh .lelivrr-rt ti,
had a photograph made. She stood Just
about four feet In height and waa as
straight as an arrow. Her dress began at
the waist and reached to her ankles Above
it she had on only two strings aroung her
neck. The dress wus made of the long
fibers of tho raphla palm and it looked
for ull the world like so much timothy hay
tied on by a string. There were so many
strands of the fiber that they hid all of
tier person below the waist and they
awayed this way and that as she walked.
I was in company with Archdeacon
Walker, the famous Uganda missionary,
and it wus through him, as an Interpreter.
that she made the trade. When I pointed
to her dress and held up the silver coin
her eyes brightened and when the arch-
deacon told bur that I was willing to pay
cash eho gladly assented. She borrowed
a piece of red calico about the s:& of a
dinner napkin which one of her sisters was
wearing aa a shawl, und. loosing this
fiber skirt a little at tno waist, ishe slipped
In the napkin und wrapped it around her
person. It was long emc.mh to fall to tho
mlddlo of lur thighs and she fastened it
over the left hip With thorn. She then
took eff her skirt of long fringe and
jiamiru 11 to me. ami we went on together
to the Milage to change our money to
7 ,, , . y 1 ' "' &ri'"1";it'(,n
talked i with the girl, lie told me she was
trembling with excitement and delight at
tier oh r is 11 111 anij v cm urea sue had never
made as much as 4 cents a duy In her life
and probably not over 3. Here she was
selling her old skirt for 600 shells, equal
in six or tight days of hard work. When
I gave her tho shells she trotted off laugh
ing and then thanked us again and again
for my great generosity. In the whole
transaction she displayed not the slightest
Immodesty, and at tho close, although
almost nude., was not ashamed.
ClothlnsT of Crass.
These Bazibas are all clad in grass cloth
ing. The men have grass or fiber cloaks
which they wear around their shoulders.
Borne have shirts ot grass fastened to a
ring tt.t the top through which the neck
goes, and tho unmarried girls have little
fringes of grass or raphla fiber, not over
eight inches long, which they wear around
their waists. Uulside this the girl may
have a bracelet or two ai.d some anklets
or wire, but otherwise she Is bare.
Thls matte, of nudity, however. Is en-
tlniy governed by custom. On tho other
sldo of Luke Victoria, among the Ka.vl-
rondo, I ww thoUfnds who go naked
from one yeur's end to the other and who
In their manners are Just as decent and
quite as nioUefct as our people at home,
lM Veiauda, wUcuce I came heie, the
y
icr
NEW
not Including the space occupied by the
choir.
The basement floor contains a Sunday
school room 42xSC feet In slzo. Ly rolling
partitions it can bo divided Into a number
of smaller class rooms. The basement also
contains a kitchen, a women's parlor, toilet
and tho boiler and store rooms. All the
incidental appointments of tho structure
are perfect and of the most modern type.
The cost of the templo is IfiC.OOo, including
tho site, and tho architectural plans were
made by John Latenser.
I" pa ud Downs of CongrreirHtlon.
Tho early history of the congregation of
Israel was full of the ups and downs that
go with'' the pioneer. As has already been
indicated the first members possessed more
religious seal and devotion than wealth
and even though their meetings were
limited to the most Important holidays of
the Jewish year, the day of Atonement
and New Years, It was a continuous strug
gle to keep the organization together. So
far as the records disclose there is but one
member of that band now living In Omaha.
Most of them have passed away and the
others have left Omaha. Lewis Brash is one
of the faithful and he recalls with the en
thusiasm of youth the early struggles he
and his companions went through.
There were just eleven In the original
organization. They were Isaao M. Frank,
B. Gladstone, E. Simon, Max Meyer, S.
Iifhman, M. llellman. A. Calm, David
Davidson, Morris LTgutter, Lewis Brash
and M. Goldsmith. Mr. Frank was tho pres
ident of the congregation. During the first
daya when the congregation met In rooms
between Tenth and Eleventh streets on
the north aide of Farnam.
women are clad from their chests to their
feet in robes of bark cloth; and It is liu-
polite for a man to lift up his gown above
the ndddle of the cult. Nevertheless, the
Baganda are said to be much less virtuous
than the naked Kavlrondo, and I venture
thev will not rank hliiher than thaaa B-rass-
dud Bazlbas,
3,
Death for Infidelity,
Indeed of all the Inhabitants around Lake
victoria these people ere about the most
rl(fld w rt.Bard to luch matters, and of-
tenaeB UBalnst tha marr,aBa Uo are pim-
,Hhcd severeiy. Tho Bazba man and woman
who attenipt llve together without being
niarrlLd take thelr ,lve, , thclr hujlu.
They are liable to be tied, hand and foot,
and thrown into the lake; and if they
dwell far off In the country they are car-
, . . ,.. , ..
rted to tho nearest swamp and burled alive
under tha flags. Marriages take place on
a1"1 lie same conditions u in other parts
of Africa, the girls being sold by their
Pftrent- JU8t now th U8Ual Prlce for a
brlJe " 10'000 cowry Bnells or a UtUo 0ver
Th,g ,s 'or a 'at- eool looklnS maiden
01 10 0T BO- lnB l'r,t9 "ola l"t, IB""
according to age, and a full grown woman
or widow often brings loss than 1'.75.
In German Eut Africa,
But before I go farther let me tell you
bout this land of the Bazlbas, where I
now am. It lies In German East Africa
JUBt below Uganda, on the western side of
Lake Victoria. It is bounded on the east
by the lake and it Includes a part of tha
Kugera river, which many believe to ba
tho source of the Nile. That river rises in
tho highlands not far from Lake Tan-
ganytka and flows In a winding way
through German East Africa, emptying
Into Lake Victoria almost on the boundary
between the two countries. Commissioner
Tompkins of Entebbe tells me that the
river Is qulto wide at Its mouth and that tt
can be navigated for about seventy miles.
I passed this river on my way to Hukoba.
Va i,.ft Entebbe, the British capital of
Uganda, at 4 a. m. and were ull dav long
.tenminir off th western shore nf T.,W
Victoria. Our first course was through the
Sesse islands, about the largest archipelago
m tnu luke. Tlu.v arft r,eailtKuily wood, d
on the shores, with grass lands higher up.
Tlu:y wre frmt.,,y well populated, but
ttuv aro ow lllmost rtm, aocoim
ut
nt
ot the sleeping sickness caused by the bite
of the tsetze fly, which infests their
shores.
After traveling through these Islands we
went westward along a country which looks
very much like southern Ireland and wljlcb.
would compare with Staten Island If the
latter had no houses upon It. We passed
a little rocky islet known as the "Island of
the Dead" and then came into t It j beauti
ful harbor of Bukoba and anchored well
out in tho buy.
DuUuba
Bukoba Is the northernmost station In
German East Africa. It Is beautifully sit
uated, lying on a moon-shaoed bav backed
by low bills. At the south are grass-grown
Uuttt ending In rallsades of gianlte. wh.ch
rlM straight up from the water to a height
of j,M U(.L n(gnt un,i(r ,ilwie bluffs is the
landing place, and It was a little outside
them that the steamship Wlnnifred cayte to
anchor. We Were carried to shore la na-
tlve canots of wonderful workmanship,
Each boat was about thirty feet long, three
fv,t wide and two feet deep. It had a keel
made of tt e trunk of a tree and the Kides
were of hewn boards atiout a fourth of an
inch thick and one foot In width, running
almost the full length of the boat. The
boaids were sewa together and fusieued
f I
IKMl'I.E OF THE CONOREGATION ISRAEL
Unable to secure the services of a rabbi,
they assembled to celebrate by themselves
the important feasts and holiday. At first
these meetings came rot oftener than twice
or three times a year, but later they be
came more frequent.
$ m.
Burial Ground Association.
About the tame time the congregation of
Israel waa formed another society known
as the Burial Ground association was or
ganized, the membership of tha two feeing
almost identical. The two societies flour
ished side by side for a year or . two and
the Burial Ground association bad pur
chased and laid out Pleasant Hill cemetery.
Here provision was made for the Interment
of the members of the congregation In a
Jewish cemetery.
But the burden of maintaining the' two
societies separate was considered too great
for the struggling little group of devotees
and In a year or two the two were com
bined. The Burial Ground association
deeded Its ground to the congregation mem
bers, reserving only the right to their ceme
tery lots.
In the uncertain daya of the early or
ganization the meeting place was changed.
From the hall on lower Farnam it was
moved to Max Meyer's hall at Thirteenth
and Farnam, occupied by the Masonlo
order. This was used for the few meetings
then held by consei.t of the Masons and
afterward the place was chunged to Six
teenth and Capitol avenue when the Ma
sonlo temple was moved there.
Moving; for a leriunnen t Home,
With the passing of years the little con
gregation was added to gradually until in
to the keel by threads of fiber or bark, and
the wholo was made water tight. There
are also larger boats, some even fifty feet
long, which are used for navigating the
lake. They are made the same way.
Wo stepped out on the shore under the
bluffs and walked perhaps three-quarters
of a mile through the banana groves
about the bay to the opposite end of the
harbor. Here Is the headquarters of the
German government, consisting of a fort,
a barracks, and the home of the com
mander. The fort Is made of brick, plas
tered on the outside and roofed. Native
soldiers guarded the gates, but we were
able to pass through lr.to the large lnciosure
which contains the barracks and other
buildings.
The grounds comprise several acres. They
are covered with green grass and have also
beds of red flowers surrounded by hedges.
As we went in we saw chain gangs ot
blacks bringing dirt to make the flower
beds. Each gang consisted of about twenty
men chained aiui padlocked. Every man
had a steel collar about his neck and there
was a chain which tan from man to man
by being attached to these collars, so that
the gang made a great girjgling as it walked
along. Each had a sheet of corrugated
Iron on hla head, and upon this, about a
bushel or so of black earth from the
swamps outside the fort. The men were
guarded at the front aijd rear by soldiers,
with guns.
Call Upon theVommsndut,
The soldiers at the gates were not es
pecially friendly, and it seemed to me that
the officers within did not want to meet
strangers. Archdeacon Walker was with
me, and through Ids knowledge of the na
..V ',s, t - " ':- y 'V - " -
' 1 V V " ' . '
LRtil UK. CAJU'ENTLii TKIEO TO BUt.
,
V
- b
187S tt bad irrown to the site that the mem
ber! considered it could take on all the
dignities of a permanent corporation. The
articles of Incorporation setting forth
briefly the objects of the corporation were
filed with the county clerk November 26,
1S73. At that time A. 8. Brawn waa clerk
and Morris Elgutter, B. Gladstone, Max
Meyer, Jacob Newman and William Kaw
ltzer were trustees.
It waa ten years later before the congre
gation felt Itself able to build a permanent
temple. An example of thrift had been set
by the trustees several years before the
temple became an established fact. Invest
ing a small amount of money in real estate,
which at the time it waa Intended should be
used as a site for the prospective temple,
the congregation found itself the possessor
of a comparatively valuable property, and
it sold out, purchasing another site and
moving a vacant building on it to provide
an income. In the course of time this site
was also sold at a profit sufficient to buy
the site of the old temple on Harney street
and leave a little balance to go into the
temple fund.
Rabbi Stern the First.
During the last years of this formative
period the congregation had found itself
able to support a rabbi. Rabbi Stern was
the first to be called, but after a Bhort
period of service he was called to a larger
congregation, and for some time there was
a vacancy. Then Rabbi 11. Zaft was chosen
and he served until hla resignation left the
congregation without a head. The vacancy
was not filled until the temple waa com
pleted in ISM.
During these a ears before the building of
tive language we were able to talk with
the guards and make our way. The first
soldiers we met told us that the command
ant was asleep and that we could not see
him until he had finished his after-dinner
nap. We then started away, but were
called back by another soldier, who told
us that his highness had Just awakened
and would probably be out presently. This
man did not ask us into the house, so we
stood there and waited until the governor
might appear. In the course of fifteen
minutes he did so, and after that we were
very well treated. The name of the gover
nor is Baron Captain von Stuman. He Is
a short, fat, little man with a blond beard.
He was dressed in white duck, but neverthe
less looked exceedingly warm. He took us
Into the house and we chatted together for
some time about his country and people.
He told me that the trade about Lake Vic
toria la rapidly growing, and that a large
part of the goatskins and hides, which form
one of the principal exports, goes to the
United States. He says there is an in
creasing demand for American cotton goods
and advises our country to push them. He
also gave the opinion that German East
Africa waa beginning to prosper and that
it would eventually be a well paying colony.
Business Among tha Daslbaa.
Shortly after this we left the governor
and strolled out into the town of Bukoba
to look at the stores and the market. These
are right near the fort, the village proper
being some distance away. The chief busi
ness street consists of a dozen or more lit
tle booths, each occupied by a Hindoo mer
chant, who sits or stands in It, surrounded
by hla goods. The black, grass-clad custo
mers remain outside the store and make
.
hi-
INTERIOR OF
the temple the congregation had prospered
both materially and spiritually. Its mem
bership roll had Increased to between fifty
and sixty, and the members had enjoyed
their share of the prosperity which visited
Omaha and the west about that time. The
temple was planned on a scale considered
ample in those days, and when completed
was a pride to tho congregation and to the
city. It proved to be sufficient In size for
the congregation for over twenty years.
But, naturally enough, tho membership roll
continued to Increase at a rapid rate. In re
cent years the structure lias been found
Inadequate to tho noeds of the congrega
tion, both In size and in Its appointments.
The new temple, which will bo dedicated
next Friday, will meet tho requirements of
the organization for years to come.
Progression In Creed.
Tho Congregation Israel has been of the
modern, progressive cult of Judaism. Tho
reformed ritual is used In worship. It has
been very fortunate In the rabbis who have
been called to minister to the needs of tho
flock. Among them are some who have at
tained national prominence In Judaism. The
uniform growth of the congregation Is on
evlderce of tho high quality of the talent
that ha been In the lead.
The first rabbi called after the new
temi1e was ready for occupancy was
Rabbi Hart f eld, who served for about a
year. At hU resignation Rabbi Benson
was called, remaining for three yearn.
Then Rabbi William Rosqnuu wuk se
lected in 1RS9, remaining until lbi.
When he left Omaha he was called to
one of tho prominent congregations in
Baltimore, where he has elneo become
their purchases by means of cowry shells.
The chief things sold are colored and un
colored cottons, the favorites, as I have
said, belhg American sheetings. Auother
popular article of merchandise Is wire, of
copper, iron and brass. This Is used by
the natives as Jewelry, and It Is almost us
valuable aa e;old and silver are In our
country. The wire Is brought here In great
kegs, and colls of It are hung up In front
of the stores. It is of all thicknesses, from
the size of a human hair to the diameter
of one's little finger. The thicker wire Is
hammered out into armlets, anklets and
collars, and the finer Is woven and plaited
into similar ornaments. Some of the wire
Jewelry Is heavy, and a very common ank
let worn by the women looks as though It
might have been torn from our woven wire
fences and twisted together.
In the market square, near these stores,
I saw many black peddlers. They squat
ted on tho ground, with their wares piled
about them. Hero a woman sold sweet po
tatoes, there one offered little piles of the
entrails of sheep or gouts, and farther over
were others selling peanuts and white
ants. The white ants had been roasted.
They were displayed upon bits of banana
leaves and were sold at so many shells per
pile.
Shells Used' na Money,
The cowry shell Is the chief currency of
this part of Africa, and I understand It is
in common throughout the regions about
Lake Tanganyika and the Congo valley.
The shells are brought here from the coast
Of India and are exchanged for rupees ut
the rate of 1.U00 to the rupee. A rupee Is
worth about 33 cents, and as the shells are
put up in strings of 100 each, a string of
alieUf la worth Just about S ceuU of uur
77;.- ihf"f".y.'-
NATIVES IN FULL LKESA
TEMPLE ISRAEL, 6HOWINCJ THE GREAT ORGAN
one of the influential men In the min
istry of the Jewish church.
When Rabbi Rosenau left here ho wag
succeeded by Rabbi George M. Franklin,
who remained six years, leaving here to
go to Detroit, where he has attained un
usual prominence. Ho was succeeded in
1S9S by Rabbi Abram Slinon, a wpeukor
of force and a man of unusual learning.
Rabbi Simon Went to Washington to a
prominent congregation. In 1904, fol
lowing Rabbi Simon's resignation, Rabbi
Frederick Colin was called by the con
gregation. Ho baa been tho minister
since then and has been very successful
in his work for the congregation. His
profound learning and eloquence has
made him unusually Influential both in
tho organization and among the people
of other religions and in the affairs of tho
city.
Oilleers ot the Conirrescntlon.
The membership roll at the present tlmo
contains the names of men 'of influence
and prominence in social and civic af
fairs. The officers now are: Sumucl
Katz, president; Samson Frank, viae
president; C L. Elgutter, secretary; 1L
Rosenatock, treasurer; Isidor Summer,
Mortis Levy, Harry May, Leopold Heller
and Henry Rosenthal, trustees.
The committee which had charge of the
building of the new templo consists of
Samuel Katz, Nathan Splesberger, Emll
Brandeis, Ferdinand Adler, Louis Kirsch
baum, Herman Colin, C. S. Elgutter und
Rabbi Frederick Cohn.
The history of the congregation of
Israel Is the history of many a religious
organization in the growing west. It re
money. Among my recent purchases are
two spears at l.ioO shells each, a carved
milk bowl at 2,(i00 shells and a native chop,
ping knife which cost 1,000 shells. Theso
shells are very small, but when used by the
thousand they are clumsy to handle. In
deed 20.0U) of them weigh seventy pounds,
and that Is all that ono man can carry.
When I go through the country I shall
have to have at least fifteen porters to
carry every hundred dollars I take with
me. Seven dollars' worth Is a good load
for a man, and 10 cents' worth would
weigh about as much as sixteen of our sil
ver dollars. This makes commerce diffi
cult, and the Germans are trying to intro
duce a new coinage based on the Indian
rupee. Tho chief trouble Is to make tho
coin small enough. The present Issuo in
cludes coins known as hellers, of which
100 go to a rupee, so that one heller is
worth one-third of a cent of our money.
In a Ilasiba Yillaice.
Leaving the market, I visited the village
near the fort and then went across the
country to see other towns In the interior.
The houses are very much like those of the
Baganda. At a distance they look like hay
stacks or straw tents. They are made of
poles fastened together at the top, making
a framework the shape of a cone. This is
lined with reeds which run from the bottom
to the top and are fastened together by
bands of reeds which go round and round
inside the hut from floor to roof. The out
side Is thatched, and the thatch conies
clear to the ground. The roof is upheld by
many poles, 'which are so arranged that
they divide the interior into rooms. One
of the huts which I entered had two apart
ments about throe feet wide und Bix feet
long, which were used for sleeping. In the
center of the hut was a fire, upon which,
In an earthern pot, some food was steaming
away. There was neither stove nor chim
ney and tho smoke filled the hut. It had
already turned the walls and roof a deep
brown color, so that the whole louked
gloomy. I understund that the fire U kept
up day and night, as the weather is often
damp, und also as new fires are bifid to
kindle. In many parts of this country
matches are comparatively unknown, and
fire Is gotten by twisting one stick In a
hole made in a block of wood until the fric
tion brings a light.
Tho floor of this hut was well pounded
down and the wall inside wus plastered
with clay to the height of my waist. There
was no grass or huy on the floor, us Is
common in Uganda, amL the eiitrunce,
which ws very low, wus by no means so
beautifully made.
In my trip over the count ry nearby I
Prattle of the
When fr-yeur-old Margie was taken to
see the new twine she exclaimed:
"Oh, mamma, you have been to another
bargain sale, haven't you?
Small Elsie Graudinaa, Is your teeth
go..d?
Oranilma No. dear; I haven't any.
Small Elsie Then I'll let you buld my
candy 'till I come back.
Mamma Here conns your fuher. See
how cross you ve made him. Now, go and
tell him you're sorry.
Tommy .Say 1'op. 1 m sorry you're so
blamed cross.
The boy having found a fulminate cap
immediately secured a hammer. "1 11 sue
What that Is." he remarked.
Inula auffurer Cauue out ot tha Ofreisy
IB;
V.
flects as few organizations can the up
and downs of life In a developing coun
try. The early existence of the organ
ization was similar in Us struggles to the
history of all movements battling to gain
a foothold In a community where resources
are still rather meager and of a more or
less temporary and uncertain nature. The
early pioneers of the congregation may ba
considered in tho light of tho martyrs who
worked hard and sacrificed much in order
that tho faith which their ancestors had
lived and died by for thousands of years
might become to them and their children
a source of inspiration ami spiritual uplift.
In supporting the simple liltlo congregation
of toi or a dozen In lsi(9 the members had
to sacrifice much and that with small pros
pect of gaining In their time the earthly
reward that goes with the knowledge of
a concrete end accomplished.
In the latter '70s, when tho more or less
temporary organization took on a perma
nent form and became a body corporate
it also reflected that period In the growth
of the city when business and social con
ditions began to assume a fixed and certain
form. Still later, when the congregation
built Its first temporal abode and estab
lished a permanent place of worship, it re
flected tho period in tho Ufa of the city
when permanence and stability waa the
dominant idea.
In its later and more prosperous days
it has again reflected the advancing ideals
of the city when freed from the necessity
of holding itself down to absolute necessi
ties of existence It gives to the city a struc
ture that adds both the architectural beauy
of Its buildings and to Its spiritual life.
stopped at a large native town made up
of the hones of the chiefs and their re
tainers. These ere occupied by native
rulers who live sumo distance away, but
who are required by the Germans to spend
a part of each year at llukoba. They
might be called tho court residences of
these men, for they come here to have
conferences with the Germans as to how to
govern their subjects, to pay their taxes
und to tee that the right amount of gov
ernment work la supplied by their people.
The town is mudo up of lnclosures, sur
rounded by high fences of upright poles
lightly sewed together by vines. Inside
each fence is the establishment of an
African nabob and his numerous wives.
In going through the village I wound my
way about lnciosure after lnclosuro,
through one walled valley Into another, ,
and In and out among buildings of polea
and mud until my sense of direction was
lost and I seemed to be In Rosamond's
bower. One of the chiefs was putting up
a new establishment and I had a chance
to see how the buildings were constructed.
They are made of poles, mud and elephant
grass, and one man may have a large
number, including separate apartments for
each of his wives. There were not many
women about, but such as I saw were clad
In grass strings reaching from their waists
to their feet, and a few bad on grass
capes of similar strings. Tho men were
mostly young. They were straight. Well
developed and tine looking, but nearly
every one of them was more or less drunk.
A feast was evidently going on, and each
man had a long calabash filled with
banana beer which he was sucking at
through two straws made for the purpose.
In front of one of the huts a dozen musi
cians were dancing to muxlo made upon
severul great drums by men drummers. I
was anxious to buy one of these drums,
and I tried to purchase one from a chief.
The Instrument I picked out reuched above
my waist as It stood upon the ground.
It wus ns blrf around at the top as a flour
barrel, narrowing to the size ot a nail
keg at the bottom. It had ben hollowed
out of a log, and the top and bottom were
covered with goat skin, which was laced
on with cords of gut. It had evidently
been used mrny yeurs, und Its sound wus
most resonant. 1 offered the chief 10,000
shells for it, but ho politely refused, say
ing thiU himself and his ancestors bad had
that drum a long time, and that he did not
know whether he could get another aa
good. He told me that If he owned an
other he would g1vo 1110 this! But alas,
alas, he had only one.
FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Youngsters
tlon well, nnd when the err.-cts of the
chloroform had passed off signaled tila
mother to upproach.
She stooped over him tenderly.
"Mamma," lie said faintly, "what wax
it?"
Si nday Pel. ool Teacher The wisest man
tl at ever lived sa .1: There's Iwlnlng new
unili r t lie srri.'
oiimu j up.1 oi'in 1 11. ey ncter iiave a
baby ut bis house? j
"Is y.ur cistcr at home. Tommy," a-sked
Mr. Tlmmld.
"I don t know." replied Tommy. "I
heaid her teilin' Ma she expected a pro
posal tonight und if you ain't Ua fuller
I gius aha ain't at liuta."
V,
