TI1E OMAIIA SUNDAY DEEt MARCH 1, 1903.
Queer People of the Great Rift Valley in Heart of British East Africa
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ON THE SHORES OF LAKE NAVAISHA.
wears a lion's head and mane In addition
to the circle of ostrich feathers about the
face. His arms are a sword and club. He
has a apear with a very long blade and
an oval shield bearing figures which Indi
cate his clan.
Qnerr Cnntoiua of Marrlasre.
These people buy their wives. Girls are
looked upon as merchantable commodities
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have a soft snap. They are required to do
nothing until they are married. Before thit
they play with the warriors, spending their
time In dancing and singing and loaling
about. The unmarried girl often does not
do her own cooking. Tills condition con
tinues for a long time after marriage and
up until all the babies of the family are
fairly well grown. As soon as that is ac
complished, however, the hard-working
ind are paid for in goats and cattle. After period begins. AlmoBt all of the hard labor
the cattle are handed over the girl goes to 0f the tribe Is done by the older women,
her husband, and she may not come back They collect the fire wood. They build the
MASAI WARRIORS ARE FIERCE LOOKING.
to her father's house alone thereafter, but
must always have her husband with her.
A Masai can have as many wives as he
can pay for, and if he Is rich he has a
hut for each one. If not, he may keep
'wo or three In one hut. The first wife
Is always considered the chief wife, and
is supposed to boss the establishment, al
though the favorite sometimes supersedes
fier.
Such marriages, however, are not sup
posed to take place until the Masai be-
people always drink their milk fresh, but
this method of cleaning the gourds gives
It a smoky flavor
The? Drink Blood.
The Masai are blood Jrinkers. Their
country has practically no salt, and I am .
told that they keep In health by blood
drinking. Thoy consume all the blood of
the animals they kill and sometimes bleed
their cattle In the neck and then tie up
the wounds so that they grow wtll afc-ain.
Bometimes a strap Is tied around an ani
mal's throat and an arrow Is shot Into
the Jugular vein. As the blood gushes
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Mil?'
mud houses and gather the cow manure
with which their walls are smeared. When
the villages are moved from place to place forth It is caught In gourds and drunken
these withered dames take the parts of the warm.
donkeys and bullocks In carrying the bur
dons. They erect the new huts and they
are, as a tule, mere hewers of wood and
drawers of water.
Nation of Stock RaUera.
These Masai do no farming. They are a
The people eat but few vegetables and
they do no farming whatever. Their
cooking Is usually done In pots of burnt
clay, varying from, eight to twenty lnehes
In height. The larger pots are not placed
over the fire, but at the side of It, and
are turned around, now and then, In order
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for
nBMnn -t,.v .n i... ond nwn hrd nf that t hpv m n.v hth evenlv heatmL
tuopyrignt, iu, oy riwm j. i nrptnwi.i uiiucr iiiu nn, urn moi.iiii- nuuui wi eomes an ewer inai is, unui no re&cnea mA w,ih hv drivA
iivicin n.i.ioV, B-o. ifri u!,t lo.rir,. v, . hen - . . m mki. i. caiue, sneep ana goats, wniui iuojt iuirw
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AIVASHA, British East Africa, waist, leaving the breasts bare.
N (Special Correspondence or
I The Bee.) In the heart of the
rjUfll AUILMI ins "(a((uo1 no "
south of the Mediterranean sea
as New York Is distant from
Lenver,and as far west of ilia Indian
ocean as Pittsburg Is west of the At
lantic, I am writing this letter for my
These Masai are by no means pure ne
groes. They belong to the Bantus race
and their skins are dark brown. Their
noses are often straight and their Hps not
very thick. As to their hair, I can't tell
you whether It Is woolly or not. The women
shave It close to the scalp, using razors
the age of about 27 or 80. This Is after
his warrior days are over and he Is ready
to settle down, as it were. The warriors
and the young girls of the tribe live to
gether up to that time in a separate es
tablishment apart from the rest of the
people.
In order to marry, a warrior has to asl;
permission of the elders of the tribe. If
MASAI WOMEN IN PARTY DRESS.
Mombasa on the rocks overlooking the been near Mount Kenla, In a country which
$ Indian Ocean. The house Is decorated with he says Is phenomenally rich. He tells me
A Talk with aidney I,. Illnde. trophies secured by Mr. Hlndo and his that the Uganda railway goes through
Tha most of my information about these wife during their Rtay In Africa. Upon the some of the poorest land in British East
of Iron or glass, and they polish their
American readers. I am in the Great heads with arease. so that they fairly ahlne i. trfvAn Via tralirhtwav Vmi va Vila wlf A
Rlft valley, a mighty trough, which runs ln the sun. I understand they pull out an(1 ,( sno ls a fn8 looking girl she will
almost north and south through this part the hair from all parts of their bodies cost m two cows, two bullocks, two sheep
It begins at the Zum- and that even the babies are shaved. Many and Bome Koat gin,,.. This money aoes to
of the continent.
besl and traces of It are still to be found of the men carry about tweezers of iron
ln Palestine. It is supposed to be formed to pull the hairs from their chins, cheeks
by the earth half folding up after a and nostrils, and they keep themselves
mighty volcanic eruption, which left the shaved until they are old enough to be
craters of Kilimanjaro, Kenla and Elgon, warriors. This comes along about the
. . iiuu 0l irum time they reach manhood. They then let somctimea returned. Widows cannot marry
" l" -w.vuu K. the hair of their heads grow ana piait
This great valley narrows and widens it into pigtails. A common way of wearing
It rises and falls, and It has many great these pigtails ls down over the forehead,
lakes. Broadly speaking, all the great it Is often soaked with oil and red clay
lakes of East Africa are in It or ln Its m connection with a similar anointing of
spurs. North of here are Lakes Barlngo the ret of the body. Tho warrior often
and Rudolf, and still further north la
the nearest relative of the woman he has
selected, who may lower the price If he
will. Divorces may be had for laziness and
bad temper on the part of the wife; and In
such cases a part of the marriage fee ls
again. If her husband dies the woman
goes back to her mother, or to her brother
if her mother be dead.
Old Women l)o tbc Work.
As far as I can learn these Masai girls
about from pasture to pasture. The cattle
are of the humped variety like the sacred
cows of India, many OX them being rat, Masai cornea from Captain Sidney Iang- floors are the skins of Hons and leop-
aloek and fine looking. Bome of the anl- ford Hinde, the famous explorer and Hon ard., on the walls are the heads of
mala are branded, and not a few have rude hunter. He Is now subcommlsslom-r of giraffes, antelope, gun and other b'g
bells of Iron ln order that they may be this colony, and I met him at Mombasa game, and there are native spears and
traced if they stray. The mast of the cat- on my way here. Captain Illnde was Weapons of every kind standing about. A
tie are watched by half-naked boys, who born ln Canada, not far from Niagara large number of the skins are from anl-
drlve them about with sticks from place to Falls. He received an excellent medical mals shot by Mrs. Illnde, She has herself
place. Every morning and evening the education ln Germany and England, but killed several Hons, no end of antelopes
cowa are brought into the villages to be began his life as a captain ln the Belgian and zebras, and one huge rhinoceros,
milked, and nearly every town of mud huU colonial service During his stay there he jn my talk with Mr. Hinde, he told mo
has its cow house, rr.e women ao me explored the upper LuaJaba and other
milking. This la contrary to the custom ln rivers, and wrote a book entitled "The
some parts of Africa, where it ls thought Fall of the Congo Arabe." About ten
the cows wll go dry if any female touches years ago or so he came over into British
them. The milk Is caught in gourds which Bast Afrfca and took part ln the sub
are afterward cleaned with handfuls of Jugation of this country for the English.
much about the Masai, saying that they
were now quiet and are becoming semi
civilized. They are now paying the annual
hut taxes of about 3 rupees each, to the
government. Three rupees means fl Amer
ican. It seems but little until one remem-
Africa and that the Kenla torrltory ' has
great possibilities. Ho predicts that the
railroad which is now to be buljt from
Nairobi to Fort Hnll, under the shadow
of Mount Kenla, will pay from the start
and that Kenla will eventually be covered
with rich farms. Said he:
"When Mrs. Hinde and I first came into
the province the country was In the same
condition It had been for ages. We found
that It contained about l,0ft),000 people, who
lived ln little villages, each containing
about ten huts or so. There were no great
chiefs. Each village was independent on
almost constantly at war with the neigh
boring villages. The citizens of one settle-
burnt grass. The calves are brought along- He Uved with the Masai and other na- ners that It takes a native about a month ment knew nothing of those of the other
side their mothers at milking time, and the tlves and made a study of them. When
cows will not let down their milk without I met him he was acting as governor of
they are present. If a calf dies It Is skinned British East Africa, ln the absence of the
and stuffed with straw and then placed chief, and his home was one of the offl-
under the cow's nose for milking. The clal residences, a beautiful cottage outside
to earn that much, whin it becomes a great
deal.
About Mount Kenla.
A great part of Mr. Hlnde's work has
Abyssinia is Lake Tsana, the source of
the Blue Nile. As I write I am looking
out on Lake Nalvaaha, a beautiful sheet
of blue water over which white cranes
are flying. I oan see zebras and ante
lopes feeding not far from the water,
and with my glass can watch the ugly
black head of three hippopotami bobbing
up and down like giant fishing corks
upon the surface. The shores here are
swampy and are lined with masses of
reeds. Just back of them the ground
rises into rich pastures, which are pro
tected from sportsmen by the reservations
Disappearance of a Forty Thousand Dollar Chalice
R
OME, Feb. 18. Mystery sur
rounds the disappearance of a
historical chalice from the
Church of Santa Maria ln Sil
via, which forms part of the
Abbey of Montlcelll near An-
Tha church and abbey, once a fief of the Genga, was missing
allotted to the Uganda railway and fairly delLa Genga family, was the favorite real- are now being nuicle.
fine arts department about the safekeeping
of historical and artistic objects, an In
spector entrusted with the compilation of a
catalogue made an investigation and dis
covered that the challre, as well as sev
eral sacred vestments and a heavily Jew
eled cope, also a gift by Cardinal della
Other investigations
A few days ago a member of the Italian chalice among its treasures, generally the
Parliament Identified ln an antiquary's
shop In Paris the missing chalice of Montl
celll and-hastened to notify the Italinn
settlements about. A man dared not ven
ture more than ten miles from his home,
and he had little knowledge of the country
outside that radius. There were no roads
whatever, excepting trails, which wound
this way or that over the land. The only
meeting places were at tha markets, which
were held at certain fixed points on certain
days of the week or month. It ls a rule
throughout Africa that warfare and fight
ing must be suspended on market days,
and no one dares bring arms to a market
or fight there. If he should engage in
gift of a pope or a cardinal, and yet the fighting and be killed his relatives cannot
number of such chalices is dally diminish- claim blood money.
swarm with big game.
Falure Stock Conntry.
The weather here ls delightful. We are
so near the equator that one can almost
straddle It, but the altitude ls such that
blankets are needed at night, and It la
never excessively hot during the day.
Naivaaha ls a little higher up in the air
than the top of Mount Washington, and
the climate of the whole Rlft valley ls
said to be BUlted fot white men. This
matter ls being tested by settlers. Large
tracts of land have been taken up ln
different places, not far from the rail
road, and there are many English who
are going Into stock raising. Right near
the lake the government of British Eafct
Africa has started an experimental farm
and there are large ranches ln the imme
diate vicinity. There are no tsetso flies
here, and the sebras, which one sees by
the hundreds in almost any ride over
the valley, are an evidence that horses
will thrive. There are also many
ostriches, and ln time we may have
dence of Cardinal Annlbalo della Genga, It has been ascertained that as far back
who afterward became Leo XII. Here he four years ago the authorities of Monti
spent many days away from the noise and- co11' reported the disappearance of the
bustle of the world trying to forget his ad- chalice to the Ancona police, who paid no
venturous life with its many disappoint- attention to the report A curious circum
ments in the pursuit of his two favorite "tanre In connection with its disappearance
occupations, hunting and teaching the is the fact that neither the chalice nor the
peasants to sing Gregorian chants.
Occasionally he would return to the du
ties of the papal court and he was often
sent on delicate missions by Pope Plus VII.
One of these was to the court of Louis
XVIII of France.
It happened that before certain negotia
tions had been concluded the pope sent a
seoond mission to the same court headed
by Cardinal della Genga's political enemy,
Cardinal Consalvl, with more amplo powers.
Louis XVIII, realizing Cardinal della
Genga's chagrin at being superseded by a
person whom he disliked, presented him
with a precious chalice, which the cardinal
took back with him to Monticelll.
When Plus VII died among the cardinals
who hastened to attend the conclave for
ostrich farming here as 'they have ln tna le-'t'on of his successor was Cardinal
vestments figure ln the Inventory held by
the present custodian, although It Is well
known that they belonged to the church.
South Africa. The average height of the
valley Is something like 6,000 feet, and
the grass ls said to be luxuriant everywhere.
Land of h Masai.
This is one of the strongholds of the
Masai race, who have always been noted
as warriors and stuck raisers. I see them
about Naivaaha, and not a .few still carry
spears and shields. They have many little
towns nearby, and their settlements are
scattered throughout the Rift valley. They
live ln huta about four foot high, six
feet wide and nine feet long. The huts
look like great bake ovens They are
made ft branches, woven together and
plastered with mud. Sometimes they are
smeared over with cow dung,
material often forms the flours
e-aina, skins are laid over the roofs to
proloct them. The houses are usually
built In a circle about an inclosure. In
which the cattle are kept at night. The
heep and goats are allowed to run ln
and out of the houses. Some of the
towns have fences of thorns around them
to keep out the wild beaata.
These Masai are a fierce-looking people.
The men are tall and straight, and they
walk as though they owned the earth.
When they have their war paint on they
use a decoration of ostrich feathers which
aurrounds their faces, and Is supposed to
carry terror to the souls of their ene
Dilea. The men are usually bare to the
waist, and not infrequently have a bul
lock hide WTappeJ around them.
Musi M eaten.
I wish I could show you some of the
Masai women. They are as vain as pea
cocks and are loaded with Jewelry. Some
of them have great rings of brass wire
colled around the neck: ln concentric cir
cles, wire after wire being used until the
whole extends out aa far as the shoulder.
They have brass wire woven about their
arms from their waists to their elbows,
and from the elbewa to the shoulders, and
also great colls of similar wire fastened
by string to the lobes of their ears. Aside
from this they wear but little. A cloth
wrapped around the body and falling to
the knees or below them being about
their only clothing. Bometimes this cloth
della Genga, who. much to his sumrlse.
was elected pope.' After his election he
returned no more to Montlcelll, but to the
church he presented the precious chalice
and appointed his heirs as Its custodians.
The chalice Is of pure gold studded with
precious stones, rubies, topazes and in
crustations of diamonds at Its base, and
its value has been estimated as high as
HO.Otf). It was the custom on feast days
when mass was scld in the chapel to use
this chalice, and many priests ln the dis
tricts remembered having used It.
The present holders of the land, Counts
Pier Mattel and Puccl of Perugia, rarely
visit Montlcelll, as their lands have fur
several years been sublet to peasants and
practically they have no Interest In the
ind that cnurch. For the last four years the peas
When It nta have noticed that the chalice was not
used any longer, even on the feast of the
patron of the church, and rumors were
circulated that It had disappeared.
Owing to the recent rules issued by the
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government, which ls - reported to have
taken steps toward Its recovery. It ls
more than likely that the chalice will be
lost to Italy forever, first because It was
not included In any government catalogue,
and secondly, because Its Identity would be
almost Impossible to establish, as It hus
generally happened that a goldsmith hav
ing successfully wrought such a master
piece has had a replica made of it tor
some rich patron, and therefore the chalice
now ln Paris might not be the original that
is missing from Italy.
There la hardly a church of any Import
ance in Italy that has not some valuable
jSilVJm GiL-r CXSi &l C E W TUT'
Prattle of the Youngsters
Teacher Now, Elmer, spell chicken.
6mall Elmer I'm not old enough to spell
chicken. Try me on hen.
Little Elsie (at the theater) Mamma, Is
that man on the stage crying In eurnestT
Mamma No, dear.
Little Elsie-Well I don't see how he can
cry for fun,
Small Bobby Nurse, do you know where
the doctor lives that brought the baby?
Nurse No, Bobby.
Small Bobby Well. If the kid loses an
arm or leg or anything, how II you know
where to get new partaT
Teacher (at night school) What la a
sacred cow, and why ls It so called?
Shaggy Haired Pupil "Sacred Cow" ls a
corruption of "sick red cow," its sickness
being caused by a large hump on Its shoul
ders. Little Marjory, after having fallen from
the sofa, got down on her knees and began
"What are you doing, dear," her mother
asked.
"I lost my balance, arid I'm hunting for
it."
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I i , Mi r M Tl ' V 'jl TT f . , . ' . HI
cfe .
ing. It ls a well known fact that within
the last twenty years several chullces of
value have It en missed. They have either
been sold ubroad, a comparatively easy
undertaking considering that they are easily
portable objects, or Use they have carefully
been hidden In order to prevent their being
seized by the government and placed in
museums.
Many subterfuges have been resorted to
In order to exclvdc sacred vessels from the
government catalogues, and in many cases
valuable cttlices are known to have been
replaced by Inferior Imltutlons. Still the
collection of chalices In the churches of
Italy Is Important and complete, as It con
tains specimens of all styles and schools,
from the earliest glass vessels of the cata
combs, which resemble ordinary drinking
cups rather than sacred vessels, to the
beautifully carved massive specimens of the
renalusance.
Many of these chalices are no longer used;
as they are so heavy and ornate that they
are more suitable to adorn the treasury of
a church than to serve for the celebration
of mass. The Fine Arts department has
evidently realized the necessity of pruvent
Ing the dispersal and loss of sacred vessels
from the churches and to this end a special
law has recently been passed declaring all
sacred vessels of artistic value, whether
owned by churches or by private Individ
uals, to be Inalterable, even If they are not
registered in the government catalogues.
At the nmn time the pope has ordered a
complete lk' of all the valuable vessels ex
isting In the churches and has instructed
the parish prleBts that they are not to soil
any cf them without the consent of the
Holy See. The Joint action of the govern
ment authorities and the vatic an will con
tribute to keep intact the collection of
chalices In the churches of Italy.
Does It Pur to lie (iaadt
"Dad." began Ton-my, "haven't I been
real gomt since I've been going to Sunday
school?"
"Yes," answered dad.
"And you trust me now, ilon't youT"
"Yes," sulci c'ac'.
"Then," d inainled Tommy, "what raak"
New noidi Made by tbc British.
"When we tool: posReeslon of the Kenla
province," Captain Hinde went on, "we had
to fight our way In. As soon as we had
subdued the people we made them work at
making roucls as a penalty for their Insur
rection. We connected all the villages by
roadways and gave ench town so much to
take care of. As a result we now have In
that province alone 4t0 miles of good wagon
roads, each ten feet ln width. We have
also made it the law that every road shall
be considered as having all the rights of a
market place. This means that no native
can assault another while walking upon
them and that all feuds must be burled
when traveling over the roads. Many of
these roads conneet villages which were
formerly at war with each other, and the
result Is that they have become peaceful
and that the citizens can now travel safely
from one town to another. They are really
changing their natures and are going
through a process of travel-education. As
I have already Baid, five years ago they
never left home. Now thousands of them
travel over our roads down to the sea
coast and we have something like 1,800 na
tives of Kenla here at Mombasa."
Evolving a Civilisation.
These remarks of Captain Hinde show
how John Bull ls gradually evolving a
civilization in these African wilds. The
Masai are about the most Intelligent of the
natives, and there are millions about here
who are much farther down on the Bcale
of barbarism than they. As I shall show
in other letters, some go absolutely naked,
and some are Btlll as far back In the arts
of civilisation as were the people of the
stone and iron ages. It Is only a few
years since slavery was common and can
r.lbullsm was more or less carried on. Then
Justice was unknown and life of no ac
count. The British ore now gradually changing
all these conditions. The Masai now knows
that he dares not assault his neighbor and
he is gradually becoming a decent cltlsen.
Both ho and his fellows of other tribes are
beginning to understand the value of labor.
The Masai will not dig, but they are paid
you keep your box of cigars hid the same for herding stock, and some of
as ever?
Forgot Her Maiden Name
Teacher Now, Tommy
what "t-o-o" spells?
Small Tommy Yes, ma'am,
too."
Teacher That's right. And
"t-o" spell, Johnny T
Small Johnny I guess it spells "one.
can you tell me
It spells
what does
Is fastened over the ahouldeis. sometimes looking about as If In search of something.
"Aha!" exclaimed the father, sternly,
"you have been skating, although I told
you not to."
"How do you know?" chattered the boy
In his dripping clothes.
"Why, you're soaked to the skin!"
"Well, dat's a sign I been swtmmln'."
"Bo," said Tommy's father, "you took
dinner at Willie Sluut's house today. I
hope when it came to extra helpings you
had manners enough to say 'No.' "
"Tes, sir," answered Tommy. "I said
'Nv several tunas."
"Ah! you did?"
"Yes, sir. Mrs. Stout kept askln' me if
I had enough."
Minister Little boy, I suppose your par
ents have taught you the golden rule. Will
you now recite it?
Boy Well, Just now it's "Shut the door
and wipe your feet," but In the summer
time It's "Don't let In the flies."
"Mamma," asked a little girl, "why do
bouillon cups have two handles?"
"Well, you are stupid!" cried her young
brother. "Don't you know it's because
some people are lei l-handed?"
A poor memory for names la a common
defect, and probably most persons have
been embarrassed by it occasionally. Cer
tainly many a person has owned up to a
queer soit of u-bsenunlndednt ss, which,
for instance, would cause him suddenly to
forget the name of a friend upon whom
he had gone to tall. After the doorbell
had been rung the unfortunate caller
would discover that he did not know who
to ask for when the servant should ap
pear. Hut such performances as this have
been completely cast in the shade by an
exhibition of memory fail jre given re
cently by a Mrs. I:., who lives uptown.
On account of the death of a dlHtant
relative she was obliged to go to the sur
rogate j tfficc to a Ui.d t) so. ae .:.Uei
concernlrg the will. It was necessary, In
the course of the proceedings, f'ir her to
sign to a certain document her maldn
name. Telling her Just where the signa
ture was to be affixed, the clerk handed
her the pen and waited for her to write.
But to his surprise for she had shown
good business ability and vnOsrstandlng
up to that Instant she merely stared at
him, Willi increasing liewllclerment showing
uiMin her face, and neither said a word nor 'n some places it even passes for money.
the other
tribes are doing actual work on the farms
and on the railroad. They are beginning
to have wants, and as these Increase they
will work to supply them. Many of those
who formerly went naked now want more
or less clothing. Cotton goods are becoming
popular, and, strange to say, the Ameri
can white cotton sheeting brings the
highest of prices amcng the natives. It
outsells the Indian and English goods and
mode any aiteir.pt at writing.
"Just sign your maiden name, you know;
that's all," repeated the clerk.
"I I know what you say," stammered
Mrs B., "but I can't remember It to save
my life. I've been married twice, and it
is a very lontf time since I've had oc
casion to use my original name. I know
you must think It's very queer, and It Is,
Anotner ariicie Horn America that Is in
great demand here is cool oil. The natives
buy it to light their huts, and the big chiefs
almost universally own one or more kero
sene lamps. Other foreign articles much
desired are umbrellas, knives and hard
ware of vurious kinds. A system of East
Indian stories ls going up throughout the
country to supply the natives. The Hindoo
but I shall have to gu home and find out traders cairy their goods everywhere, and
tli' name." in years to cx.me a new people will take
She disappeared hastily, relieved to es- the placs of the savages of the past,
cape from the clerk's astonished eyes. As it Is now the missionaries ar doing
In telling the story afterward to a friend considerable both here and In the countries
he sulci that fcdu ..Dciil fully ten minutes about the great hikes. The most of such
walking up and down the block ln front nf work ls now In the hands of the English,
the building, trying desperately to recall but at Kljate, within a few miles of Lake
the Inst name. At the end of that ttm Nalvasha, there Is an Industrial mission
she gave up the el fort and went home, sc hool run by American Quakers, and that
as she had at first Intended, to dig the same denomination has another Industrial
necessary information out of an old book settlement In the Kavlroiido country beat
which she had owned when a alM New LAke Victoria. '
York World FRANK a CAECNXBJU
4
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