THE, OM An A SUNDAY BEE: DECEMBER 15. 1907.
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Music's Part in Religious Worship and Especially at Christmas Time
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Orgni were first upd ven before the
time of Christ though they were, of course,
but crude Instruments. Thry developed
from the wind Instruments, man seeing the
poj-sihlllty and the plausibility of supplying,
the neoessnry air by means of, bellows
rather than by the limited power of the
human lunar. Cusslndorus says of tho
pneumatic organ: "The organ la an Instru
ment composed of divers pipes formed Into
a kind of tower which by means of bellows
Is made to produoo a loud sound and there
re on the Inside movements made of wood
that are pressed down by the flngTs of the
player which produce the most pleaalnn
and brilliant tones." . '
Everybody who has read 'Chaucer re
members the esquire In the "Canterbury
Tales" who "coucie sondes make and well
ndite." "Singing lie was, cr floytins; all
the day." . , ' . , .
At the time of the Prostestant reforma
tion the leaders In the movement turned,
their attention seriously to .the reformation
t the muslo ot Uia cbuiuk tiUi.no. leu
seal than they did to the purely1 spiritual ment of. stable faith In the lines and the
doctrines. Luther. ZwinRle, GalVIn,
Fachman and John Knox were all prom--Inent
In this movement. ,
The father of Knjtllsh sacred music Is
generally conceded to be William Itlrd.
tie was organist In Lincoln cathedral In
1.V13 and organist to the queen In 1375.
This Is what he thought of music In the
church:
"There U not anle muslcke of Instruments
whatsoever comparable to yt whlche Is
trade of ye voyces of men where ye voyces
are good and yo same well sorted and
ordered. The bcttT ye voyce Is, the meeter
It Is to honor and serve Qod therewith
and ye voyce of man Is chtetlle to be em
ployed to yt end."
Luther was the leader In the renaissance
of congregational singing alternating with
choir music. He was himself the. com
poser of several of ths finest pieces both. In
words and music now used In the church..
Particularly celebrated Is his "A Mighty
mighty. Irresistible swing to Its slow and
stately music.
In America music wss planted In a sterile
soil so far as the church Was concerned.
The Puritans and Fllgrtma Were Opposed
to Its development In trie meeting houses
when they arrived . In this country. But
with time these prejudices were overcome
by the natural desire of the human soul to
express .Its praises to the Creator throuph
ong. Such great men In the church as
Cotton Mather and Rev.- John Cotton
fought for musical progress.. A few quo
tations from, the parish registers, of New
Knglnnd show how this emancipation was
' gradually brought about.
In. 1762 there. Is this entry: "The parish
voted 'that those who had learned the art
of singing may .have the liberty of. sitting
In ths -front gallery." It Is noteworthy
that those who had learned the art of
singing refused to take advantage of this
SlrorifiUold
God"
senu- "parmlMlon" and la 17(0 a mora cordial
o
MAFIA Is famous for her church
music. In her more than 100
churches there are nearly 2,600
voices which are trained for
the weekly service of song In
the praise part of the worship.'
Among these are many singers of more
than ordinary abilities and powers. Some
are much more than locally famous. The
choir leaders and orgajilsts are men and
women of extraordinary ability In their -aBClplea "when they had sung an hymn
ivt.riui-uis. me various organisations or
J. II. SIMS' CIIOIR AT ALL. SAINTS.
the first music of the. Christian church,
sung by the angelic choir on the morning
of Chrlst s birth.
Music was also present throughout the
life of Christ' and Its strains are Inter
spersed among the events, tragic and pa
thetic of His entire sojourn on earth. Even
In the awesome and solemn scenes that
market the tragic ending of His life muslo
played an Important part. Christ and the.
unurcn singers nave neen Droeght to a
high grade in the years of feffort and up
building. All of the choirs of the city are busily
engaged on the special music to be rert
dered at the church's great festival,
Christmas. Some of the choirs will give
cantatas. Others are arranging a program
of old-time Christmas carols and others
have some special anthems and song ser
vices especially designed for Christmas.
It is interesting to study the history of
music In churches. Prom the earliest days
of the Christian era music lias been a
great power In worship. A few passages
from the Bible show where the use of
divers kinds ot Instruments was expressly
commanded:
"And It came to pass when the evil
spirit was upon Saul that David took his
harp and played with his hand; so Paul
was refreshed and was well and the evil
spirit departed from him." I. Samuel,
16:22-23.
"Rejoice In ihe Lord, O ye righteous, for
praise becometh well the Just. Praise the
Lord with harp; sing unto him with viole
and Instruments of ten strings. Sing unto
him a new song; play skillfully with a loud
noise," 'Psalms 20:1-3.
"Praise him In the sound of the trumpet,
praise htm upon the viola and the harp,
praise ye b.lm with tlmbrell and ' flute,
praise ye him with virginals and organs,
praise ye him upon the high sounding
cymbals; let everything that hath breath
praise the Lord." Psalms 150:3-6.
The history of muslo In churches Is
voluminous. Music has occupied and still
occupies; a position second only to the
preaching.
"Glory to Qod in' the highest and on
earth, peace, good will toward men," was
went out Into the Mount of Olives."
During the days of' the persecution o(
the Christian by heathen Rome It Is re
lated that a distinctive characteristic of
the worship of those who professed to b
followers of Christ was the singing of
hymns which was heard from those cavea
and caverns where their meetings wera
held surreptitiously.
Saint Ambroslus was made bishop of
Milan In the year '374 and In. the' year
3S6 he Introduced his chant Into the Chris
tian chaurches. This was the beginning of
a set type of music In the Christian church.
Its beauty was such. In spite of Its prim
itive character that It seems It must have
been Inspired by some power higher than
that of man. .Its dulcet strains were of'
such a lofty melody that they seemed to
com straight from the throne of heaven
Itself. 8aint Augustine heard the chant
after his conversion and described it thus:
"The voices floated in at my ears, truth,
was distilled in my heart and the affection
of piety overflowed In sweet tears of Joy.'
The Gregorian chant, ' whMA Wielded ' so
great an Influence In church music was
first Introduced- In the year -690 by Pop
Gregory. This is the chant on which,
nubsequent -church music was founded and,
from which a great deal of the music used
today Is derived, particularly that In thaj
Catholic church.
The first choir and regular form of
church service was established In the tima
of Constantlne. An order of alnglns
monks was founded In Anllooh, who
chanted continuous psalms of praise, sing
ing In relays, night and day, and neve .
allowing the melody to die down.
Many of the great men of the world In
all lines of human endeavor "have beea
skilled musicians.
transition from tha Soloist music to the
choral.
Thomas J. Kolly, who is at the hoad of
the choir of thirty-seven voices In t!ie First
Methodist church and who has be'n b loa 1
Ing choral leader In Onaha for eighteen
years. Is preparing an elalorate ClirlftmM
procram unique on which K' to be th
singing of the old-time Christ mas carols
such as "(kid Rest You, Merrlo O.mtlo
men" and "The First Nowell."
The choir of the Imtnanml Lutheran
church Is the oldest In the city as well a
the largest. It was organ'xed In 1S and
has fifty voices. Some of these have sung
In the choir continuously since Us orgnnl
sat Ion. John 8. Hilgren Is the leader and
has occupied that position continuously for
seventeen years."
Ben Stanley's choir at Trinity cathedral
has forty adult members beside a number
of boys. The Christmas music there will
Include a number of tho old Kngllsh carols.
The choir of All Saints' Episcopal church
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PROCESSIONAL OF T.' J KELLTS CIIOIR AT TIIB FIRST METHODIST.
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advance was . made .toward the singers. In
this: "Tho ' parish requested Jonathan
Chaplin) and Lieutenant-8pafford to assist
Deacon 'Daniel Spafford In raising the tune
In the meeting house." .
And In 1785 the parish came right out and
said: "Tae parish desires the singers, both
male, and female, to sit in the gallery and
will allow them to sing once each Lord's
day without reading by. the deacon."
From that time singing has been one of
the most Important adjuncts of the church.
In the early days some of tha themes of
the songs - were, like the religions, very
austere. Here Is a song sung In the early
Puritan meeting houses:
' "Eternal plagues and heavy chains.
Tormenting racks and fiery coals.
And daUs t' inflict Immortal pains
Dipt In the blood of damned souls."
But the advance In music has been mar
velous. The genius of some of the greatest
composers of modern times has been di
rected toward the perfecting of church
muslo. Attwood, Sullivan, Dykes, Barnby
and the composers of the Victorian era are
prominent In this work. The musio In the
Protestant churches Is AngeHcan In Its
tenor. .That of the Catholic churches is
more of the Gregorian type. The Catholic
churches are at present undergoing a
BEN STANLEY'S CtTOTR IN THE BEAUTIFUL TRINITY
CATHEDRAL.
contains nearly forty voices. J. II. Stmma
has been In charge of it for thirteen years. ,
It will render a Christmas program and on
the Sunday following Christmas will give
the cantata, "The Holy Child."
The choir of Kountxe Memorial Lutheran
church, consisting of thirty-two voices
tinder the direction of Delmore Cheney,
will give a special program ot Christmas
muslo in the evening of the Sunday before
Christmas.
There are twenty-seven members of that
First Congregational choir under the dlreo-'
tlon of Ira B. Penniman. Anthems by
English and American composers will bo
sung and hi the venlng of the Sunday
before Christmas a service will be ren
dered with the theme, "O Ccme, All Y
Faithful."
The Swedish Evangelical Mission church
at Twenty-third and Davenport streets has
a large choir under tha direction of Miss
Coiinne Paulson, which will furnish an
elaborate program of Christmas music.
Hanscom Parle Methodist church has a
large choir under the direction of Lee G.
Krats.
The First Presbyterian, Westminster
Presbyterian and First Baptist churches
are some of those whose muslo Is led by
quartets.
The choir of the new First Christian
church consists ot twenty-eight voices."
This choir Is under the direction of Fred
Ellis. It will render the cantata, "Tha
8tory of Bethlehem" on the Bunday pre
ceding Christmas.
The Catholic churches of the city prepare
special masses to be sung on ChrlBtmus
day. All of the churches have strong
choirs under the leadership of one of tha
priests. At St. John's church the first
mass at 6 o'clock In the morning will bo
one by Slngenberger. At the 11 o'clock;
service a new mass by Bid will be sung.
Space la lacking to name the many other
church choirs which 'are preparing spe
cial muslo and elaborate Christmas pro
grams. A greut paean of . song will rlsa
from the churches. In all of which will ba
the Christmas theme of "Peace on Earth,
Good Will Toward Men."
JOHN 8. H ELORIN'S CHOIR AT THE SWEDISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN IMMANUEL CHURCH.
Curious Capers of Cupid
Frleada mm CoorU Oatwltted.
ISREGARDINO opposition by
Dl relatives and supreme courv
I proceedings questioning her
I l 1 . . . ,A wtnafl he
n It'll i K I i-aiviijr v .-
iifftilrs. Miss Helen 8. Raymond,
66 years old, reputed to be worth
V'M.000. Is reported to have married Wil
liam Demorls. a Greek fruit dealer, twenty
years her Junior, In Providence, R- I., last
Monday.
Mr. and Mrs. Demorls have gone abroad
on their honeymoon and friends say they
will reside In the west upon their return.
' The bride's relatives made every effort
possible to prevent her marrying Demorls.
Mrs. Datnorls conies from one of the oil-
young couple who whispered In chorus:
"Do you marry people?"
"Not unless they Insist on it," said tha
Judge.
"We Insist." '
Grab hands."
"We've grabbed." f
"Names, please."
"Lena Hart and George Kelstor."
"Do you, George; "do you, Lena, etcr -clan s care he was obliged
"I do. -I do."
"You're one; I'm done."
"Here's twenty.".
"That's plenty."
"Goodbye."
"Good luck." ,i
The door swung open, Mr. and Mrs.
George Kelster Jumped tnto as) automo
glad to receive It. The message.. . was
addressed to 1671 Buckingham place and
read:
Married today. 'Gone to Pittaburg.' Home
In a week. FLORLNCIi.
Naturally her family and friends were
disappointed In the dearth of interesting
particulars.
Mrs. Patton was Florence Fols,' one of
eight daughters of Mrs. Bertha' Fols,
widow ot Otto Folz, one time Jailer of
Cook county. - ", . 1 -
A year ago Mr. Patton, whose home ts
In Sheridan Park, was a patient 'of ' Dr.
Edwin Baxter. While under the physl-
to make fre-
Ing near and escaped Injury. ' The weddln?
waa one of the big society events at Des
Moines this autumn.
He revived In a few. minutes and the cer
emony proceeded. , Much excitement pre
vailed among the .wedding gueuts until
they learned that , the groom was in no
danger. The room was unusually warm
and this, added to the excitement. It Is said,
was too muoji; for the young man.- Mr.
the bolt of linen she had been making for
years In preparation Xpr the wedding. Tills
Hi. en mas used as the cloth of the dining
tuble on state occasions. When not In use
It was packed in cedar chips in a walnut
box.'
Following generations culled the linen
"(Jrandma'a tablecloth, " and every Wed
ding feast since 1741 lias betn spread on
"Grandma's ' tablecloth." Thanksgiving
Bush completely recovered and was able day the venerable heirloom graced Jhe
to leave, with his bride , or) their wedding .""
trip at the appolnlefl time.
Gassaway Davis ta Marry, - ,
Notwithstanding the positive denial of
Ex-Senator H nry G. Davis and -Miss
Maud Asliford of their eugajement and
Wiii Is Howe 1T2 .Years, Old.
quent calls at the Utter s office. There , The head of the sixth generation of
he met Miss Fols. who was employed by. Baldwins. Isaac P. -Baldwin, a aovern-
Dr. Baxter as an assistant. An Intimate ment engineer, was married on Thunkegiv- Probable early marriage, the New York
acquaintance developed, to be broken when ' tng day in the ' family homestead that T'""'P declares,' on unquestionable au
Mr. Patton Wis discharged as cured of stands on the aide of Wauhkaw mountain, thorlty, Uiat an engagement has existed
ms, illness.
Istics all through'' life. That Mr. Lee is
opposed to the marriage conies as a sur
prise to many who have known of tha
Intimacy existing between her and Miss
Ashfoid from girlhood. Miss Asliford was
hur social secretary throughout last sea
son. Miss Ashford, the bride-to-be,. Is the
daughter of the late Mahlon Ashford of
the District of Columbia bar and haa al
ways been Identified with Washington's
smart resident set. She Is 36. Davis is 81.
Mrs. John T. Davis, the young daughter-in-law
of the senator, Is said to be In en
tire sympathy with ' the romance. Since
the death of his wife, five 'or six years ago,
Mr. Davis has divided his time between
his former honieln Washington and tha
residence of Mr. and Mrs. Lee, on Massa
chusetts avenue, New York.. His summers
are always passed at his estate in West
Virginia, where Miss Ashford was a guest
for five weeks last season.
It la said his fortune, estimated vari
ously from J0,Uu0.O00 to $30,000,000. 'will be
divided In a way satisfactory to his future
wile, his children and grandchildren.
Marblc Heart far Waltlaa; Groom.
Fifteen minutes before the time set for
her marriage to Otto Heln In the Melrose
Park Lutheran church. Chlcaso. Miss Hazel
Recently while returning to In Morris county. New Jersey, . to Miss for six weeks and tliat the wedding day Is Hlekok of Maywood gayly hurried to Crown
tnicago irora a visn 10 Auanuc tuy Isabella A, Durand of Denverthe couple "J"5 Ior January I. Tl.at the announce- PoUit with Michael A. Poternoster and
on a Pennsylvania train MUs Fols was h.vin. 4.,rn.....i n-r.t of hit ik wa nr,mi i. j ,. ..
est families in Newburyport. Her husband bile and disappeared. Seven minutes ba- met by Mr. Patton. and from his romantic out tha hmHv .tr.im.m th.t rh- i.i-.. . true, has been the aeneral onlnlon in -.i... . .h. i u ,.... .....
vl "" . k.is must masrv under ths una mof.ai I. la ciety. notwithstanding the flit denial of wit.i hut n KrM.
has been In this country but a half dosen
years. They first met tn the Greek's- fruit
tore, it la said.
for they were single.
Culrk Action.
Justice of the Peace Bassett was pre
paring to enjoy his dinner quietly yes
terday at Newark, N. J., when
Hoaaamco ( Trata.
When Mrs. Steward Patton propped a
dollar bill wrapped around an eight-word
telegram to her mother la Chicago from
the window of a Pennsylvania eastbound
a series observation car at Indiana Harbor re-
the plan which culminated mhen tho forefathers. TheV werat nMrrW in ih. Mr. Davis. MUs Ashford and Mr. nvi.
coupie sioie aay wunoui me anowieaga same room where the hea4s of nve previous daughters-Mrs. Steven B. Elklns. wife of
t f slaiiHa nnri salBllitas O V a n.,.aa(A.a
of friends and relatives to" be married.
A ClotsT Call.
While 'waiting to start to the altar to
meet his bride, Mr, Aaher Bush,, who was
generations Jiad stood before them. : The
first Baldwin In 'America, NafharUel, built
tha stone hours In -1733, and following gen
erations added to It. The old wing is now
trie kitchen, but It is the scene of alt the
tha senator from West Virginia, and Mrs.
Arthur Lee.
The relations between the fci-year-old
bridegroom-elect and his daughters are at
Finally they decided
to postpone the wedding.
This all happened October I, but Heln
didn't learn till lately that his intended
bride had married another. He had not
seen her since his "wedding" day, but
learned that she was living in Melroso
of violent tugs at tne, bell sent mm ceniiy, sna prooauiy aiun r stop to tnin married in Des Moines to 41 Us Grace Ken-S familvt weddings. . '
wrathfully to tthe door. He opened It that aha could have sent a forty-word dall, fainted and remained Unconscious for ' 'Xhen Nthauiel' Baldwin married ' Han
with a sudden Jerk. As It swung back message for the same amount, and that, several mlnutea. Mr. Bush was caught In na'i Kent In 1741 h toum. r,m
be was crowded against tho wall by a, moreover, her mother would fcavo been tailing by several persona who wera stand- necticut ln; an ox-cart, bringing with her dren haa been one of hi. chief character!
"and here la my husband. I'm Mrs. Michael
A. Poternoster."
Mlsa Khonts Weddlna; Plana.
Miss Theodora Shouts, whove engage
ment to the Duke de Chaulnes waa an
nounced recently is a a;uest of Mrs. Richard
Reld Pxiger of Farragut square, Washing
ton, an old friend of Mrs. Theodora V.
Shonts, Miss Shonts' mother.
Miss Shonts was a guest at tea In the
French embassy Saturday. Sunday sba
was a guest at luncheon of the counsellor
of the embassy and Mine, des Porteg,
whose daughter, Mile. Guilmette des
Portes, was the most Intimate friend of
the Misses Shonts during their residence
in Washington.
MIbs Shonts Is planning for a large
wedding in New York in the latter part
of January. Her engagement ring, an
ancestral Jewel, Is a' magniflclent square
sapphire surrounded by a double row of
diamonds. The ring itself Is little more
than a wire. i
Waited Tweuty-oaa Years.
When Rev. James P. Byrnes, rector of
St. Patrick's church at Richmond, S. I.,
pronounced the words that made John
Seaver and Margaret M. PfarT husband
and wife, a courtship that has endured
for twenty-one years was brought to a
happy conclusion.
Neighbors and friends, all of whom are
thoroughly conversant with the charming
romance, knew the couple were to be
married some day. That waa settled lorig
ago. The man and tha woman have kept
company all these years, and no quurrtla
have disturbed their love.
But Seaver and his sweetheart put tho
care of their Invalid fathers above their
own happiness. That's the reason tho
nupnaia nave oeen aeiayed. The elder
present badly strained, but friend, of th. Park. He called and reminded her that she Seaver died about five month, ago at tho
familv hellevi A hotter nnF-tif a n.lli.o- M.iii t.- ....... asu i irie
.. V,. , " V" "arry ni.ii. woman i age of W. Mis. PfatT . father paased
prevail before the wedding day. as the af- aha go at once to the church and get it over ..v m. f.- wi,. - 1 "
fectiort of the aged statesman for his chll- with? ' Vtah .... .,h.ki-
I m already, rnaxriod. Otto.1? she .aid, patleut Jyalr have enough fur ail vuriiussa.
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