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FRENCH COACH STAIXIOfo. DEBUTANT.
HE AMERICAN home has be-
"Va I corr.e an Important factor In the
1 I horse world. Each year femi
id aaa Bumv new evidence ok
the superior advantage that the
climate, soil and feeds -of this
western continent are able to exert In build
ing up a horse of great energy and endur
ance. The Ameriean horse dates hack In
hla origin to the discovery of the country
by Christopher Columbus, when K Is said
this country was entirely hormloxv. Tho
progress In horse population ana horse
Improvement which has followed the Intro
duction of civilization haa been In propor
tion to the needs nd demands of man In
hla 'work of Improvement and cultivation.
The American horse In blood and brecd
lug haa been subject to conditions of ex
pediency that did not admit. In an cases,
of tho present day type and breed adherence
that many horse breeders and fanciers
regard as valuable In the offspring. The
crossing of breeds and the Intermingling
f blood of the various types Indicating
great variation of breeds has been a com
mon practice with the American breeders.
The heavy horse of the draft type has ben,
lor generations, used In building up more
Ire to the smaller kinds of horses, the
little animals that are below the utility
lie. Tlila system of plan of breeding up
haa been carried on almost from the be
ginning' af the horse raising Industry In
America. '
The native or beginning horse stock of
the United States haa many additions and
advantages of good strains of blood Intro
duced by Importations of stallions from
the old country. These, In many Instances,
have been of the very best, varying in
character from the thoroughbred to tho
big. loggy draft horse. Tho tendency of
the common horee raiser la this country
has been, until very recently, to breed from
anything in the form of a stallion, con
venience and cheapness governing his ac
tions more than quality, or a fixed type
of recognized breed.
Tie Introduction of the Mexican pony
lml Texaa and tho aouthwest was tjie
source of much annoyance to the Improved
horse Industry of the states, and especially
the western country. While the diminutive
animals of the horse kind were In a meas
'Vre only an apology for a real horse, they
multiplied, and Increased on the range anil
to tholr credit it must be said, furnished
the basis for the present range horse of
the western country. By the Introduction
of rtallions of more sire and distinct breed
ing character these little animals were
made to produce fairly good saddle horses.
It wn from this beginning that the' west
ern horse breeding Industry spreud north
and westward over the open range dis
tricts that comprised the great ptalns and
Rocky Mountain country, with the same
ambitious enterprise that carried the cattle
herds ;of the south into those unocoupled
districts. The cowboy, the pony and the
Texaa steer became the pioneers who tn
" troduced civilisation and forced the Indian
and buffalo westward towards the setting
sun. This Industry was at Its height In
the early alxtlea when the period of hard
timet set In, and the horse trade was flat
tened out to a level that made the western
horse, the then termed broncho, prac
tically valueless. Large herda were de
serted on the plains, left to roam un
owned, the owners In many Instances pre
ferring to hide their Identity as Interested
parties In the basted broncho business.
Following .this period of overstocking the
range, with a class of horsesethat there
seemed to be no demand for. and no pros
pect iu view for their uu, thay became ..
absolutely worthless and a treat nulnancs
to cattle owners who hunted and killed
them by the hundreds, In the absenoe of
owners or other means of getting rid of
them. These wild banda of ponlea were not
worth shipping, there was no market for
, them. Electricity ,had even supplanted a
better grade of range horses that Just
begun to be appreciated aa a aervleoable
treet car propeller.
The western range, however, kept up 1U
annual additions to the horse herds until
the change came, when the great wheela ef
commerce began to turn again. The neglect
to breed horses throughout the states dur
ing those years of buHlness deiresipn
caused a scarcity In horse-power to carry
on the business directly in charge. Prices
commenced to advance, better, larger and
mora serviceable horses were demanded.
The range was tlen turned to as a souice
Cf supply and thousands of good horses
cuma from the ring to the ttwms and Uam
ecrvlce to supp'y tfe active demands for
horee-powr. The range hor. tit" the Tuiied
States has thus beioin a pretty well known
animal throughout a larg district of the
' world, where hones are valued for their
services and endurance.
The western range horse, broncho, wild
Vorae of the pluin.'i. Indian pony. Texas
.JMrony, cayuse. etc., baa at last been bred
tp to an animal quite desirable as an army
horse for cavalry purposes. Tha old orig
inal pony blood has been so Improved by
the introduction of the trotting bred horee,
draft horse and coach horse of modern
breeding that there Is but litUe of the old
piny characteristics and general appearance
left In the animal we now term "the west
ern range horse." This horse has been
brought from the range, broken to saddle
ar.d harnena and proven hlmsolf to not on'y
be al le to stand up in the front ranks with
tho farm bred horse. bt ao far surpass
htm In power of tndurance. In traveling long
distance, under Influence of exposure and
abuse, that are uneuuulltJ. unheard of la
any other race or breed of horses.
It is a mUtakxn Idea that ttie range horse
Is a vtitoiia, intractable animal and csn
Bqt tx troited. Many of the most l.ilelll
g nt I.(.r. are I hose roij by cowboys on
the ptaliis. In western N. brkd. V yom
Inx. MnntniiA and Colorado th3 is pes
auly the highest type of range none to be
Horse the Heritor
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PROBABLE BIRES
found In the country, ind toufatlrt of
these animals, were it not for the brands
they carry, would go Into the eaztern horse
markets, broken to saddle and hnrns, ft
the top prices. They have a confident, am
bitious movement end bold ;arr'aje that
gives them a dignified bearing that attracts
the eye of buyers. T.h . brand on these
horses gives them away to the P'-J idl ie of
the uninformed and they are estimated aa
wild and vicious brohclios, horses not to
bo trusted and dangerous to handle.
In the last twenty-five, year we have
had more or less experience In breeding 1
and handling what Is known aa the western
range horse, and In Justice to this much
abused and slandered animal, must sny
that we have had. some of the most tract-,
able, gentle, safe horses out of the wild
range bred herds, that we ever owned of
the horse klr.d. Horses that were per
fectly aafe for children to ride or women
t0 drive, horses that were put to all kinds
of farm team work and never were known
to be In the least faulty. The range horse
as a class is prized for hla spirit, his dis
position to never give up, but to go to the
end of tho road with a seeming will and
Interest In the task, even If he drop dead
from exhaustion when his work Is finished.
Tho range bred horse is much like the
farm ralBd horse In dlver-jtty of tempera
ment; there is a greut difference. In dispo
sition, one will be easily handled, whlla
another will be stubborn, vicious and not
to be trusted. From the latter disposition
cornea the "outlaws." the "bucking bron
chos," the exceptions, which have given
tha range horse a bad name by the pub
licity glvea from the exhibitlona of horae
manshlp by the cowboys, who help to
make the korse an ungovernable saddler
Just for the purpose of displaying their
kill tn riding.
Tha Wild Weat shows of Buffalo Bill
and others of lesser notoriety that have
keen organized In recent . years, found
Government's
(Continued from First page.)
but there sheuli . be uniformity in con
formation, style, quality and finish, thus
este'.i'nhlng a marked type, at the same
time keep.ng la i-lni the varying demands
of the gig, -runabout, breuglutra, landau
and country carriage.
In order to ascertain what the commis
sion had In view when It purchased the
foundation stock at Fort Collins, It Is not
amias te take a look at live or six ef the
mares that seem to conform most clesely
ta the type desired. Martha Washington
Is probably the finest type at heavy ear
rlage horse. She Is burnt cheftnut In color,
with fine, long, clean out head and neck,
short, strong back. long, full and wnlt
rounded quarters, sloping rhoulders. with
high, frictionless and gra.r.;!l action.
Virginia is considered tnu lliievt type of
carriage mare In America today. She la
from the stablea of Judge Moore, and haa
faultless style, finish and au balance. She
Is capable of taking a carriage t twelve
miles an hour with un eadurance that will
cover sixty miles a day without lagging or
showing aigns of wearineaa. In tnls mare
is found in perfection one nf the points
so noticeably lacking In American trotter
families, and so essential in n carruige
horse the perfect atiflle and hok action
characteristic of the English hackney.
Keetucky IVUe is seal brown, resembling
Martha Washington tn graceful nek and
carriage, bt tng similar also In action, wrth
slightly more finish.
Wisconsin Queen Is a beautiful bay, with
short ltinba. exceptionally fine head, neck
and shoulders, combining ninsslveness with
quality and apeed. She has been shown
suoceitsfully as a single, as one of a pair
and as one of four In a coach.
Uliiols Beauty, donated by W. F. Brown,
of the Vanderbllt system, 'Is a otrlklng
black, with great finish, and la of the road
and runabout type, possessing grace and
beauty of action.
Colorado Countess was successfully
1,own at Madison 8quare Garden In New
Tork. 6he is from the ranch of George
D. Kalnsford of Wyoming, and her lung
and heart power, and quality of bone and
hoof, taken with her wonderful endurance,
bear out all that haa been claimed for the
Rocky mountain country as the natural
breeding plme for perfect horseflesh. Four
of Mr. Italnsford's remarkable jnarea were
purchased at half their market value, and
thofc Interested In the government experi
TI1E OMAHA
OJ" BLUE RIBBON WINNERS.
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their saddle' horses In the 'herds 'on tha
range. The recent demand In 'the east for
polo ponies and the filling of this 'demand
from the BmjH Western range horses, Is '
of Itself evidence of the recognized' quality
of these animals, not only In their dex. '
terlty, but In their ability to receive train
ing. , ' '
The South African war would have
Efforts to Develope an Exclusive American Type of Carriage Horse
ment feel that ne better foundation stock
could have been secured lu any quarter of
the country. Mr. Ralnsford has been for
many years a student of conditions, f)eds
and breeds,' throughout Kuroj and Amer
ica, and has devoted his lift) to the breed
ing of an Ideal tj pe of American horse,
his personal work in this regard having
done much to point the way for the gov
ernment's larger experiment.
President Roosevelt. William Jennlnga
Bryan, and other noted Americans, have
expressul their keenest personal Interest
In the experiment at Fort Collins. Words
af commendptlon have come from noted
European horse breeders. John F. Rlggs,
one of England's most noted breeders, after
vlNlting the government stud at Fort Col
lins, said: "You Yankees have made a
splendid start, and I have no criticism to
Two Omaha Saddle
SUNDAY BEE: OCTOBER
of All the Equine World's Best Blood
FERCHIRON STALLIONS, RIBERAC AND' VIOLET.
.V:
-
FfNB. TYPES OF DRAFT HORBE.
been" struggling on or lost to.. Greut
Britain had it not been for the American
ranna horses' that ere bought here by
British "army agents and shipped to their
arml?8 In Africa. Recall the services
these range horses performed in the
Spanish-American war, whereby in ihclr
great achievements In
they were pronounced
cavalry service
one to be equal
offer. Your niares ore of our hackney .
type, bu. I must confess that they uro
superior In that they have speed- The
product of these animals should be fur
superior to the American trotter nnd the
English hackney, in that they will combine
speed and form."
How the Colts. Will Be Ulstrlbnted.
There are 'about twenty colts at 'the ex
periment station, and while ull of them di
not exhtblt the qualities that wl!l lead to
their .retention In the government stud,
there are enough admirable types to en
able the experts In charge of the work to
begin the process of selection. Through
thle constant selection of the best . speci
mens will come the evolution of a national
type of horse, maintaining all the. heat of
the old Morgan characteristics, with other
Ponies That Will
h
13, 1907.
rERCHERON STALLIONS, EXPANSION
to three of. the ordinary . farm-ral.sed
horse in durability and average army Ufa.
It was only when the -army domand ex
ceeded the avaUitMe supply of tha or.
dluary horse stovk or the country that
t'nele Sam's . agents were, drive ) to tha
expediency of cutting down the size
qualification and the Inspection reqb're-
ments made to ilt jthe western range horse
good qualities that even the Morgan horsa
did not possess. I'nder the Colorado con
tract, a government stud book ' la to be
established and government records kept.
In a few years, when the experiment has
made progress that will allow ef distribu
tion, the product of the government stud
will be distributed among . the various
states probably being stationed at the
agricultural - colleges where . eclontlflo
breeding will be carried on. In this way
the' American carriage hor.se will be dis
tributed throughout the country, and in
one or two generations it will have a
marked effect on Americun Uvo stock.
Under such careful and scientific direction
the type will grow better und more dis
tinctive, as the experiment, advances.
Eventually, also, the business tide will
tum, and. Instead of be'ng a horse im-
Be Seen at the Show
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AND COITBIER.
that this greatest of equine composition,
quality and endurance was introduced
Into military service. It was In this new
role of the war horse that the American
broncho achieved its victory over ail other
breeds, types or nationalities of the
equine race. ,
Why, the. western range horse is an"
anixnal of great endurance, alert, bright
and ready to go at a moment's warning.
From the time he Is a colt he makes his
living on the range summer and winter.
Ha Is a rustler In the truest sense of
the term. If he failed In this one qual
ity death would soon claim him.- There
are no apologies or excuses for disease
or infirmities with the range horse.
Where the range horae occupies the open
range he: carries his own life insurance,
. and this la In the ability of his legs, at
all times, to carry him away from dan
ger and to places of safety.
When the mare drops her colt on tho
range, the youngster is at once started
In its beginning lessons of learning how
to take care of itself. When but a tew
days old the colt Is found with the heri
and able to keep with its mother, evea
when the herd is put to a good speed
in getting away from approaching dan.
ger. It is this constant exercise, this
life of fleetness and activity that the
colt grows up under that makes its boats
solid and Its muscles hard and elastl3.
Owners of range herds are authority' for
the statement that it is not an uncommon
thing for a pack of gray wolves to start
the herd of horses and follow them for
fifteen or twenty miles, or until some of
the weaklings or cripples fall out of tha
chase and are killed. This system af weed
ing out the infirm Is responsible, as much
as anything else, for the great endurance
and the lasting qualities of the range horse.
They are not only well bred, by the Intro-
ductlon of the best hred horse stock In
the country, but they are fed upon tha
most nutritious grasses, watered from tha
porting nation. America will become a na
tion of horse exporters.
Breeding: Under Government Ansplcea
It is fitting that the government should
carry on this important work, for tho rea
son that It cannot bo trusted ta Individuals
to complete. There are few families of
horse breeders In this country. In Eng
land, under the constant encouragement of,
the aristocracy, through cups, medals and
money prizes, there has sprung up. a type
of men unique in the live stock Industry, '
Tho Takewetls, the Booths, the Torre and
the Bate-sen and the Cruikslianks have
been stock breeders for generations. From
father to son the sole idea is to curry on
this one business and to perfect the breads
wlih which the family name lias become
associated. But in America the son seldom
follows tho business In which the father
has won success. He must strike out Into
new fields. Coiik-quenlly ttiere is little
hope of developing the highest typo of
live stock in th!3 country through con
tinued pt.:ocal application. It la a mutter
of nec'lty for the government to enter
Experimenting in
The production of artiilcal diamonds has
long been a dr. am of tha oxpurimentor.
The conditions under mhlch diamond are
produced In nature are pretty well under
stood; and on a smull acaie they have for
some time b-en duplicated in the labora
tory and even thouyli here quite unwit
tingly In tha workshop. Nothing more is
necessary than to reduce carbon a bit of
coal or graphite or lampblack to a liquid
condition, combine it with a solvent and
maintain It under great presuuro until it
cools, when crystals of the pure carbon
will form Jutt aa do crystals of r,uartz
or sugar or salt under like conditions
and these crystals of carbon constitute true
diamonds. But the difficulty lies In the
extreme reluctanoe with wnlch carbon as
sumes the liquid state. I'nder prcisure,
to be sure. It will liquefy; but the pres
sure required is about fifteen tons to the
squaro Inch. In the depths of tho earth
such a pressure may be applied by tha
weight of geographical strata; but how
may it be attained in the laboratory?
A most Ingenious answer to this ques
tion was found by Prof. Henri Molssan of
raits. It is baaed ko the well known fact
purest of streams, trained by Instinct tal
guard themselves by fleeing from thel
enemies, thus they grow up under condU
tlnns of lite that tends to strength andi
activity.
The future ht the western horse la a
bright and shining light before tha hors
world, and while from necessity must ba
somewhat modified in method of bringing
up will continue to be that of constantly
Increasing quality and higher standard of
blood and breeding. The conditions foe
producing the soundest, and best horsea '
for service are permanent, and lasting, and
from this time forward better horses will
be found coming from the western herds.
The market for good horses of all kind
haa never been in a more healthy, encourag
lng condition for. the breeder and horsa
handler than now. The evidences on all
Idea points to a shortage tn the supply
of horses, such as are required to carry
on the necessary horse power of the busU
Hess and commercial affairs of trade la
every-dny life. It la folly to think that
the time Is noar at hand when horse power
will be dispensed with,' because better an4
cheaper means of service can be substl
tuted. .
The horsa la tha safest, surest, most co
comical power to use In tha short hauls an 4
local transfer of merchandise that can ba
bad. Tha changing and moving of mar
chandlsa and all lines of goods In and About
cities and towns to freight storage center
and long-distance shipping depots la such,
that tha horse and wagon cannot bo dls
pensed with for a day even. The big, sturdy,
reliable draft horse accommodates himself
to all kinds of conditions that are pos
sible to come up In tho lino of labor In
which his lot Is cast. It Is very seldom
he is disabled or required to go to the shop
for repair. He is not being outclassed, and.
every year rendered valueless by some lit.
tie Improvement or patent gotten out that
aids In operation and application of power, '
He can be converted to many uses when
he ceases to be active as a drawer of heavy
loads. His whole life is one of service ana
value to his owner.
The opening up of railroads and the build
ing of transportation lines of the various
kinds only add to the demand for the draft
horse. The . more business In the com
merclal world, the more ftorses it will re
quire to carry on that part of labor that
cannot ba successfully handled by machin
ery. As time moves on, as Improvements
come and go,' the draft horse will become
more and mere a necessity, a fixture In itha
operation of trade.
No other country In tha world has so
great and diversified a horse breeding in
dustry as tha United States, and no other
country can produce a horae that will show
more endurance and a better confirmation
far tho purposes that 'the horse was orig
laally created to fill. The American bred
horse stands today In the front ranks aa
a horse ef quality, speed, endurance and
all tha desirable qualltiea that go to
make up tha aomplete animal. Thousands
ef pure-bred American draft horsea ara
now aanually produced on the draft horsa
farms of Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri
and Kansas, where they ara grown and
fully developed, tha equal of any horss)
tha warld can produce.
the field, If America Is to gain supremaojj
in tha breeding world.
Nor Is government encouragement of
breeding any new filing. In 1837 tho Aus
trian ministry expended JSfiO.OOO for tho)
encouragement of horse breeding. This
sum was granted for state studs, stallion
depots and tha purchasing of new s toe is
from private owners. The government at
Hannover recently appropriated 1750,000 for
a horse breeding plant, with an annual
maintenance fund af $150,000. Japan bus
awaktned to tho Importance of tho sub
ject, and appropriated $600,000 for live stock
breeding experimenta. Tha governments
that have encouraged Mvo stock breeding,
until distinctive national types have been
developed, have received many tlmna their
direct' expenditures In tha exporting busi
ness that has resulted. But the chief sat
isfaction comes in having aided a people
in developing tho highest and moot- satis
factory types of domestic animals, like tha
Vrfect carriage horso which tho aclentl
fically planned experiments at Fort Collins
seem certain to give us. Arthur Chapman,
In American Review of Reviews
Artificial Diamonds
that tho metal Iron has tho property which
it shares with a few other substances, in
cluding water of expanding Instead of con
tracting as it passes from ths liquid to tha
solid state; combined with the furtfWr fact
that liquid Iron absorbs or dissolves
carbon, much as water does sugar In In
creasing quantity with Increasing tempera
ture. Molsan fills an iron receptacle wltn
pure iron and pure carbon obtained by
calcining sugar, closes it tightly, and rab
idly heats It to the highest temperature at
tainable in an electric furnaco, bringing
it to a degree of heat at which the lima
furnace begins to melt and the Iron vola
tilizes in clouds.
The dazaling liery receptacle is then lifted
out and plunged Inhlanily Into cold water
until its outer surface is cooled and hard
ened, thus funning a shell of lion that
hojds the Interior contents wltn an Inflex
ible grip. As this molten interior matter
cools tho a. bon separates from tha iron
solvent In liquid, drops, and under ths al
most unlmuginabiu pressure of expansion
tf the solidifying iron, these drops become
solid crystals of diamond. Everybody's
Magazine.