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THE OMAHA RUXPAY BEE: JULY 2.9. 1M7.
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ENGLAND'S TENNIS DOWNFALL
foreigners Made Almost Clean. Sweep
of Her Titles.
VISITORS PLAY THE GAME BETTER
Anatralnalan and Amprlcan l!arra
Lrft Very Llltlr llrhlnd fur Ilrlt-
aln'a Brut Mlaa Snttun'a
Trlnmphant ( arrrr.
In the Inwn tpnnls tournament for the
chaniplonRhtps nf All-Kuslanil thl yenr
'the entry of fnrrlnnot n x eeded nil r'p
Ylouii Invanloim. I'layer from Australasia,
Amprlra, 1 Oormany nml Austria were
matched with the BrlllHh. Kor another
thing, only one of the rhamplonshtpa re-
malned at home, and that hut a minor
, one. The women's doubles were won by
1 Kngllah playera. The men'a singles, the
I tnii i doubles, the women's singles and
tA mixed doubles were nil captured by
thf invaders.
.America and Australasia divided the
honors In KnglanU's tournament. Norman
E. Brookes of Australia won the men's
'Ingles. He Is the first player not an Kng
'lishman or an Irishman to win Hrltaln'r
championship, and ho Is furthermore the
first left handed player ever to be suci
cessful. Norman K. Urookes and Anthony
F. Wilding wera the vletors in the men's
doubles, and, to add to England's dis
comfiture, the flnallHts who opposed the
tAustralusians were Americans, Karl H.
iHehr and Iteals O. Wrisht.
Miss May t. button took tlie women's
ingles for the second time In three years.
Bhe and Heals C. Wright won the mixed
doubles. Miss C. M. Wilson and Mrs.
Lajnbert Chambers won the women's dou
bles. In which the only foreUsne rs to tako
part were the Misses Klima, Austrian girls
vl la and 14. Kven in ttid i...nu,.tatt....
i single
singles England was shut out. Anthony K.
Mnii won that from Von Wessely, the
rlan. Taken all in ah. It .n miui
Un-English tournament ever recorded.
Entrants of lllitb Quallt)'.
Therw wera eighty-four entries for the
AU-Comcn' singles at Wimbledon, many
lass than In our nationul championships last
jsar. Hut the 12s players who played on
our courts at Newport were nowhere near
In quality and entrants for the British
championships. Of the eighty-four at
TVInbledon, Heals C. Wright. KarJ H. Behr,
Merman Behr. J. A. Handull. U. V. Rhodes
nd O. W. Pratt were Americans; Anthony
K. Wilding. Norman K. Brookes and S. N.
Doust from Australasia, R. Gamble and J.
C. 8. Rendall from India, R. B. Powell.
Canada; C. von Wessely nnd R. Klniel,
Austria, and O. Kreuzer, Germany.
twn tennis is always regarded as Enj
Und's game. It was brought to its highest
development In that country, but nowadays
i the pupils are outstripping the teacher.
J American has been considered the country
to do the most to improve upon established
methods for old ports. The crouching start
In sprinting, the etepover style in hurdling
nd tha twist service in lawn t..n.,i.
American devices. So In the scissor.
i;
In high Jumping and the anollcutfon f ih.
I ,a,ri to pole vaulting. If, as somu persons
)ay, base ball came from town ball or
round. It la an tmmeaaurahla Improvement
over its ancestor as a game requiring skill.
But Australasia has taken the best hints
of the Americans and has improved upon
I them. The victory which Brookes achieved
' In the all-comers' at WI:nbledon and later
In the Internationals against the Americans
ts chargeable as much to the use of the
twist service as to anything else. In ixT,
Broukes made his first appearance in Kng
land and played thera a match against
Wright. The Amerli an then was at the top
of his form and showed Brookes a great
deal (,f good tennis. What Brookes learned
from that defeat was clear when the Aus
tralian appeared again In Kngland for the
Peterman's Roach . sod
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a "riUrau i Aat rood" for
Immeditila reftief from ants.
The consensus of public
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m opinion .ii America and
f abroad, where these prep-
aratlons have been larceiv sold for the
1 cast twenty years, la that they are the
1 best in the world.
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championships. He had stud'ed the best
points of the same tho Americans play, and
combining that with the best of the British
and tho fine points of the Australian
method, he had an unbeatable combination.
The best average lawn tennis Is still played
In England, the champions now are from
Australasia.
What Alls KnRland.
The cause of the downfall of the Britons
has been carefully qonsldered by the sport
ing experts on tho other side. They trace
It as much to Internal dissension as to tho
domination of a few experts. While the
Dohertys continued eupreme in the lawr
tennis fl?ld competition was dead. It needs
only a glance over tho record tables of the
game to see what Is and has been the
trouble in KiiKland. In 1K97, 1S08. 1TO9 and
)in Reginald. F. Doherty won the singles
championship. A. W. Gore Intervened In
191)1 nnd took tho title from R. F. Directly
thereafter for five years II. L. Doherty won
the championship. There was no challenge
round this year, because Hugh Doherty has
Progress
Fewer for Trolley Compaales.
VOVfl Ihn hills miHRpri liv the
Ai lalaturs of Pennsylvania and ap
I iirnvail hv th.A irnt.At-Tirtr wr
two enlarging the privileges of
electric lines. One authorizes
trolley companies to carry freight and ex
press packages, limiting the trafllo to
points on the respective lines. The second
act grants the right of eminent domain,
conditioned on the companies desiring to
exercise the privilege first obtain the con
sent of 81 per cent of the property owners
Hh.ng tlie right-of-way in any community.
These laws are expected greatly to pro
mote tlie expansion of Interurhan lines
throughout Pennsylvania. In 19f2 the fed
eral census showed thif t of the trolley lines
then in Pennsylvania. 1,113.54 miles, or ii.t
per cent of the whole, were lines between
cities rural trolleys. This was a less pro
portion than Connecticut, which had three
flfllis of the total trackage between cities;
Massachusetts, with two-thirds; Ohio, witli
M 3. and Michigan, ft 6, but it was a larger
proportion than Indiana, which had only
43 per cent of Its' mileage, Illinois, New
York arid most of the other states In the
union.
Indiana and Ohio have, however, while
their proportion is not much larger than
that of Pennsylvania, a carefully devel
oped system, one centering around Indian
apolis, and the other about Dayton, each
covering the region about so completely
that way passenger traffic has left tha
railroads and takes tlie. trolley Instead.
This has been gradually developed during
the last ten years.
Developiaeat of tleetrio Power.
While the actual history of electrical
power dates back to 1IC4. the year Thomas
Davenport, the self-taught Vermont black
smith, discovered the electric motor, the
real development of the power has been
since 1&K0. The greatest growth of this in
dustry has been during the laBt fifteen
years, and each year sees a greater In
crease lu the business of manufacturing
electrical motors, until now it Is estimated
that fully lO.OtX) electric motors are turning
out every month by the General Electric
company and other large electrical manu
facturing concerns. i
Blnce 170 all power has Increased won
derfully in this country. The greatest
actual and relative Increase occurred be
tween I1 90 and 1'JCO. Bteuni increased 77.7
per ci nt ; gss. 1.444.9 per cent; water, 15 9
per cent; electricity, 1.8i5.4 per cent, (tile
greatest increase); other power, 944.8 per
cent.
Tlie use of electrical current for the
transmission of power has been one of the
most nntahle features In the development
of manufacturing. In lsaO the I'nlted States
census reported horse power. The
census of 1906 showed that this class of
power amounted to 1,138.2ns horse powei.
The totals of other classes of power were
given for l'Hio as follows: Rteam, 10.SK4.
Mil; gHS, a.514; water, 1,47,S9; other power,
Sl.THi; rented, 4VC906. From 1900 to lis
team power Increased only 31 ier cent;
gas power, 114 per cent; water power, 13.3
per ceni, electricity, 868.4 per cent; other
power, Ui per cent; rented power, Ml per
cent.
Mechanical power of some variety was
used In 134.520, or 43 1 per rent, of the es
tablishments Included In the census of
manufacturing in lSc. In 1900 only 331
per cent reported power. In UlU 28.1 per
cent.
Mertrtrlty for every industry Is the goal
for wl ich electrical manufacturing con
cerns are striving, .with the result that
motors have been improved and made
adaptable for every branch of manufac
turing from the sawmills to the mines,
from toys to battleships; from the cotton
gin to tha sewing machine, from the small
est to the largest Industrial plant. Motors
re mad in every six from Uis lit Us fol-
i, .--.r-l Srtii7faj,-';."i tvv.v-.v ;. .;?;? "r-
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U& -sJP ": f J j!- .rV'TO?.? .JlL-'"' ' "" HL-mTL
l-if -.Of iH K ! .
ff Kail's
mif wTst
Vlthdrawn from the game and ts taking a
rest.
In the doubles very much the same con
dition applied. Starting In 1857 tho Dohertys
won the doubles championship and carried
It along until 1W2, when S. It. Pmlth and F.
Rlsely broke up the run. That was for a
year only, and they won It for three years.
Last year Smith and Rlsely once more In-
in the
low which rn be carried in the vest
pocket to the monster (1,000-horse power
industlon motor, the largest in the world,
built for the Indiana Steel corporation by
the General Electric company.
The growth of motor power during the
current year promises to be even more
wonderful than last, and 1906 was far
ahead of 1905 In this respect. The cost
of electricity has been greatly reduced by
the development of the steam turbine. The
adoption of direct drive In manufacturing,
that Is, the motors are connected direct
with the machine, doing away with all
shafting and belting, and thus saving in
transmission from 80 to 60 per cent of the
power, has greatly increased the demand
for electrical power. The future of elec
tricity is indeed bright. Scientists, Inven
tors and prognostlcators say that an elec
trical age Is dawning and that all the in
dustrial wheels In the world will be turned
by the mysterious power in tlmo to come.
Narcosis by Electricity.
From Nantes. France, is reported a series
of highly successful experiments with a
new form of narcosis. Professor Stephane
Idue, who is the inventor of it, believes
that It will presently supersede narcosis
by drugs. He calls It electro-narcosis, and
he bays that it excels all known methods
of producing Insensibility In that it hus no
injurious sequel whatever. Tlie patient
subjected to electro-narcosis lies motionless
and totally Immune to pain as long as the
method Is applied. The moment It Is re
laxed he recovers, his senses In their full
activity. There la no period of daze, no
nausea, no exhaustion, no headache. On
the contrary, so far as the effect of the
narcotic is concerned, the subject feels
rested and exhilarated. When a healthy
man Is subjected to the treatment, he
wakes with a general feeling of wellbefng
such as results from a refreshing sleep.
In the case of a patient undergoing a
surgical operation It is expected that shock
will be reduced. But this experiment has
not yet been tried on a human subject.
Indeed, to date the professor himself
Is the only man who has taken the electro
narcosis. In ids case it is reported to have
been an unqualified success. The discovery
was developed through a series of experi
ments on dogs, rabbits, and guinea ptgs.
The application of the current, according to
its strength, results in tlie cessation of the
functions of the brain, suspension of the
operutlon of the lin gs, or stoppage of the
heart. To completely dcadtn the brain of
a rabbit required only a current of six to
eight volts; on- of ten vo'ls causes par
alytls of th br a hln; ap. ra-.u , nd t elva
volts always nsultid in death. Tlie dead
ening of the brain could le continued for
hours without tne slightest Injury. The
suspension of the functions of the lungs
could not be prolonged beyond a minute
without causing death. Tlie professor In
cidentally suggests that this method might
be used as a means of pulTing criminals to
death, and would be much more painless
than that now used In this country. No
danger of death is involved, he says, in
tile use of his appurtua to produce simply
the narcotic state, because tlie strength
of the current can be absolutely confined
within the safety limit.
Mater Power la California.
California, which according to the I'nlted
Stales census of liesj excels Hie world In
the daring, number ami commercial suc
cess of Its long distance electric, trans
missions, drawing power for d.sUuices of
almost ao miles, lias added another great
work to Its list in the Kern River plant
No. 1, completed within the last few
weeks.
This power bouse generates 25.00O horse
power and is the tint of the power plants
by which 60.000 horse-power Is to be de
veloped from the Kern River, a stream iu
the south cental part of California, rising
in the Sierra Nevada rang.
According to ITsstJcut John B. Miller
.,( , jfi 3
A-
mmmmmm
J-Ttjs Sutton vi wavst. fozz.
terposcd. They In turn succumbed
this
time to the Australasians.
The pronounced superiority of one or twr
players in a game cannot fall to kill com
petition In the sport. At the very start the
younger players are discouraged, They
keep on trying If they are the right sort,
but In the end the best they can count on
Is the hope of taking a set or so from the
Field of
of the Edison Electrio company of Ios
Angeles, which is carrying on the work,
it is the largest hydroelectric plant weit
of Niagara, but probably its most novel
feature, according to Mr. Miller, lies in
the fact that tho present 25.000 horse-power
at a. pressure of 85,000 volts is sent over
a line to I-os Angeles, 117 miles distant,
the longest distance for a pressure so high
of any line completed in the world.
Then, too, the source of the power Is
novel. The river is deflected and carried
through a concrete conduit tunnel cut
through the rock of the mountains and
hills for eight and two-thirds miles, then
shot through a steel tube 1,173 feet long fot
a sudden drop of 877 feet at an angle of
45 degrees against the eight Impulse wheels
which start the generating machinery mov
ing. It was in one of these tunnels through
the mountains there are twenty in all,
making practically a continuous under
ground conduit that ' Hicks, the miner,
was entombed.
Until the utilization of water power from
mountain streams was developed the prob
lem of fuel, which had always been scarce
and dear on the Pacific coast, was a
serious obstacle to manufacturing growth.
The problem Is now fast disappearing. I
is said that In no other community in the
country Is the consumption of electricity
per capita so high as in Los Angeles, and
in no section of the country, says Mr.
Miller, outside of a small part of the
natural gas belt in tha middle west are
the rates for power cheaper. Through
pumping power supplied by the Edison
company 14.000 acres of desert land tribu
tary to Los Angeles have been reclaimed.
Further north In California, around San
Francisco, are two transmission lines from
mountain power houses, longer than the
Kern River line. They are the llne of
the Bay Counties Electrlo Light and Power
and tha Standard Electrlo companies. The
first supplies Oakland from its power house
on the North Yuba River, 140 miles away.
The second runs Its lines ISO miles to the
town of San Jose. In neither case, how
ever, Is the power generated or the pres
sure transmitted so high as in the Kerr
River plant.
Astonishing, bat True,
Twenty-five years ago you could not tel
ephoi.e a friend, ride on the trolley cars,
cool tlie rooms in hot weather with an elec
tric fan. turn on the common electric light,
send a wireless niessace tn your relatives
on shiphoord, set ynrr watch by an elertric
clock, purchase an "lec'rle nut inioblle, walk
in safety In the lty streets In the glare of
arc lamps, cook by i leetricltv, ride behin I
an electric locomotive, d- the family ironing
out of doors without fire, drive all ma
chinery with motors, live in a house with
out a chimney, keep warm by electric heat,
develop out-of-the-way water-power and
transmit that power to the cities, ride on
an electric elevator, listen to the telliar
monlum, take an electric massage or listen
to an electric phonograph.
Locomotives Retiring from Cities.
New York City goes forward more stead
ily and aggressively than any American
city In sidetracking the locomotive as
a smoke producer and substituting elec
tricity as the motive power for the
movement of trains. Washington is act
ively moving in the same direction, de
termined to secure like results by the com
pletion of Its mammoth union etatio-. In
New York the changes going on mean tlie
complete retirement of the locomotive from
the city limits. Following the change in
motive power on the New York Central
terminal, Inaugurated In June last, tlie
New York, New Haven and Hartford roal
began operating its suburban trains with
electricity July C The electric zono ex
tends from the Grand Central station to
New Rochelle, and will be rxtenled gral
ually until It reaches Stamford. Conn.
Thirty-five LOfo-horsepower motors, cap
able of drawing a train of ten coaches at
to average speed of aeventy-flvs miles
rliamrtons. S"x men. the Poherrys. Smith,
Rlpelv. Onre nnd Dr. Kavcs, hnve domi
nated Knallsh lawn tennis for yenrs There
was no pasting them, and for ensnn after
sensnn lliry fotiKht out the championships.
The spread of lawn tennis In this country
hiis operated to make tilings work out dif
ferently. Here every section rejoices In one
or two first rate players, and Newport each
year Is more of a tournament than a sort of
dual meet.
For another thing the element of profes
sionalism has been allowed to creep Into
British lawn tennis. The game hHS been
ruled by tennis outfitters. One or two firms,
or perhaps tlie one firm only, have been In
control. This sort of Influence has helped
to kill the standard of the game. The
sport has Just passed through a period of
reform In England, with the result that
!t Is purer, but at the same time weaker.
It will take several seasons to bring lawu
tennis in Kngland hack to anywhere near
the place It had in international superiority
when the Dohertys wero winning every
thing. Those who wish the game well,
however, see In the victories of the visitors
tho very best possible thing for the future
of the game.
Mian Sntton'a Career.
Of the foreign visitors Miss Sutton at
tracted probably the greatest attention.
Her appearance in a match drew a great
gallery. She has to be regarded as an
American despite ' her English parentage
I and English birth.
All her playing has
Electricity
per hour, wera put In service. Of the
hundreds of locomotives which filled the
air along the New York Central terminal
with clouds of smoke there remains only
the switch engines, and they, too, will soon
retire to the country. The absence of
smoke and cinders from trains greatly in
creases the comfort of passengers and
steadily swells tha returns of the pro
gressive companies.
Buffooneries at Weddings
The barbarities practiced at weddings
form a subject upon which It Is high tint
both pulpit and press had a vlrorous word
to say. In enforcing the utterance, tlie
Pittsburg Christian Advocate declares that
"the burlesque of weddings" is an evil
"flagrant and increasing," and contributes
"to the breaking down of the sanclty of
marriage." Seldom a day passes that tha
press does not report some new example
of these "unseemly doings," the Advocate
adds, with the enforcement of Its words
by the quotation of two recent cases:
"In one tha bride and groom, both of
whom were respectable and orderly people,
were so beset with the rude pranks of their
friends, and so alarmed as to what further
might follow, that ttiey escaped througn
the roof of the house to the home of a
neighbor, and thence fled In an automobile
to a surburban station to escape their tor
mentors. But even this did not save them,
for their alleged friends scattered to all
the stations, and one party found them be
fore their train arrived and humiliated
them to tho utmost. In another casa the
newly married couple were forced Into a
lumbering, dirty ice wagon and hauled
through the streets of the city amid all
sorts of confusion."
These are but samples. It Is asserted, of
what are coming to be the common ac
companiments of weddings. The absurdity
of such treatment is thus emphasized:
"All sorts of tricks, no matter how rude
and sometimes Indelicate, are played on the
newly married couple. As someone has
said: 'Everything is don that can be done
to make the couple appear like fools, and
their friends succeed in appearing like
boors and barbarians.' The brains of tho
miscreants are racked to Invent the most
outrageous and disgusting schemes with
which to torment the principals in the wed
ding. "We have imagined that we were ad
vancing In our civilization; but In these
things we are rapidly going back towards
the days of ruder things. Indeed, we aru
going beyond anything of the past of
which there 1s any record. The old custom
of 'serenading' a newly married couple
was supposed to be unruly and noisy be
yond tolerance; but these things were mild
and respectable compared with modern in
ventions. In these old customs there was
no attempt to humiliate or seriously In
convenience the victims; but this is not
true of modern practices. They are con
sidered tame unless something extremely
annoying Is done. Those practices are ac
tually barbarous begging pardon of tha
barbarians, who never indulge In anything
so unbecoming on such occasions. They
are bringing us in'o disrepute In the eyes
of other countries. Even the peoples we
think hut seml-clviiized look upon these
practices with astonishment.
"Marriage is a Christian Institution, and
should be treated In a serious manner. A
wedding la an occasion of rational and holy
Joy, and should so be regarded. The bride
and gro-jni should receive good cheer at tha
hands of all their friends. Everything
possible should be done to contribute to
their comfort and happiness, and nothing
to cause them discomfort or distress should
be tolerated. It is one of the events of
their lives, one of the very greatest events,
and thy should remember It always with
pleasure. To mar it by rudeness or cruelty
la wicked. The friends who will engage la
such a desecration of a serious occasion,
or countenance It In others, are extremely
thoughtless, or malicious."
beeji done In this country. She Is com
pletely and thoroughly American and w st
ern. The California girl had a most trl.
umphant year. Her object in going to
England this time was to inert Mrs. Urn
bert Chambers and to win the British
championship from bor. It wss Mis.
Chamber who. as Miss D. K. Douslass,
defeated Miss Sutton last year In the north
ern and all-England singles.
There was an especially eager desire on
the part of Miss Sittton to win, b cause
in 1905. when she first defeated Miss Doug
lass, her victory was ascribed partly to
the fact that Miss Douglass had a
sprained wr!t. When Miss Douglass de
feated Miss Sutton last year In the all
England tournament It was a case of "I
told you so." This year the victory of MIj-s
Sutton was so clean-cut and decisive tlist
there could be small doubt of the superi
ority of Uie California Rirl.
Miss Sutton staiied out this year by play
ing In the Northern Counties championship
at Manchester, directly after her arrival In
England. She did not have a partner for
tlie All-England mixed doubles champion
ships In this tournament. She was very
eager to win the singles. In which she was
defeated last year, after winning In l'.HS.
She met in that final Mrs. Sterry. who plays
Just the kind of game calculated to beat
Miss Sutton. Mrs. Sherry cuts all her
strokes, so that the ball gets no bound. It
offerR no opportunities for the free, side
arm swings that Miss Sutton delights In,
taking tlie ball shoulder high and driving
it very hard. Mis, Sherry defeated her In
straight sets.
Defeats Mrs. hanibers Twine.
Tho next venture of tlin California girl
wss In the Peckenhn.ni tournfcment for the
championship of Kent. Tho holder of the
women's singles wa Mrs. Chambers. It
seemed ns If Miss Sutton was hound to fol-
i low Mrs. Chambers everywhere and play as
. much sgalnst her as was possible before
tho championships were due. In the Beck
enham tournament Miss Sutton acieved the
fins!, defeating several good players. Mrs.
Sherry sprained her ankle Just before thlsj
tournament, and that took tier out or the
way. In the final Miss Sutton defeated
Mrs. Chambers very handily in straight
sets. It was announced that Mrs. Cham
bers was suffering from a return of her old
wrist trouble. In tho Kent tournament
Miss Sutton, partnered with Brookes, won
the mixed doubles.
Then followed the All-England, In which
Miss Sutton cleaned up all the opposing
players and won handily from Mrs.
Ciiambers again. It was made clear di
rectly after this tournament that Mrs.
Chambers was away oft her game, so that,
of course, Miss Sutton's victory did not
look so good. She was able, with Beals
Wright, to win the mixed doubles at Wim
bledon. These, however, were not the
championships, although played In the
championship tournament.
Following the championships Miss Sutton
Journeyed to Newport, there to take part
in the Welsh championships. Last year
and the year before she won tha singles
there. Her triumph over Miss C. M. Wilson
In the final at Newport gave the California
girl the trophy there Tor her personal
property. Following Newport Miss Sutton
abandoned playing in singles and decided
to take part In women's doubles and mlxod
doubles.
All the way through tho present lawn
tennis season In England the foreigners
have made their marks. What between
the Australasians and the Americans and
by Americans Miss Sutton Is meant 4here
Is little in tho line of an Important title
left In tha keeping of the British. The lawn
tennis season has been a great deal like the
boating season for the British. It has been
a" series of shocks and disappointments.
Possibly the lawn tennis experts may begin,
to believe presently, as the boating people
are doing, that there is something wrong,
with sticking to the old way of doing
things. Hustle Is supposed to be the char
acteristic of Americans. The English now
will have to hustle If they are going to get
back what they have lost.
Carpenter's Letter
(Continued from Page Three.)
the locks and hinges. The people have lit
tle farms, on which they raise fruit and
small quantities of grain. They grow
oranges, figs and grapes. Many of them
have boe and raiaa the honey for which
the Island is noted. Among the chief do
nieslio animals are goats, of which there
are about 20.000. I have seen I hem In
Morocco, Tunisia and Tripoli. They are
considered about the best alons the Med
iterranean and are imported not only on
account of their milk, but as breeders.
They give so much milk that the whole
population depends upon them for its sup
ply and the few cows which are kept are
not regarded with favor. Indeed, there is
not enough pasture on tha island to furnish
good cow's milk.
These Maltese goats are the chief com
petitors of the Angora gout, and it is ques
tioned whether they would not be more
valuable for our country than the latter.
There Is a demand . In all the American
cities for goat's milk for bubics and young
kids are said to sell at tlie price of lambs.
Here In Malta goal's milk brings about
8 or 10 cents a quart and the average
goat yields from two to two and one-half
quarts per day. The milk Is not used for
cheese or butter, although fresh butter and
cheese made of sheep's milk are sold. I
see goats in the streets every morning.
They are driven from house to house and
milked at the doors. A not uncommon
thing Is the tying rags about the goat's
nipples to prevent the kids sucking their
mothers between milking times.
Stella ii? History.
i this Island Is Its story in connection with
I One of the most Interesting things about
this Island is its story In connection with
the Knights of Malta, who owned and ruled
It for many year. The Islands are among
the oldest in history. It was on Goto that
Calypso lived. She was the nymph who en
chanted Ulysses and kept him for seven
years on the promise tiiat she would give
him perpetual youth and Immortality If he
i stayed with her. In this connection I am
reminded of a talk I had with Mrs. Grant,
the wife of our own great Ulysses, In which
she told me that when the general steamed
' by these Maltese islands on his trip around
the world a fair fellow passenger warned
.a.- .'tail. AUIiLUUUgUt
of the suffering tend danger in store for her, rob the expectant tnothar
of all pleasant anticipationa of the coming event, and casta over her a
shadow of gloom which cannot be shaken off. Thousands of women1
have found that the use of Mother's Friend during pregnancy rob
confinement of all pain and danger, and insures safety to life of mother
nd child. This scientific liniment is a god-send to all women at tha
time of their most critical trial. Not only docs Mother's Friend
carry women safely through the perils of child-birth, bat it dm
gently prepares the system for the coming event, prevents "moraine
sickness," and other dis-
containing valuable information free.
The Bravrffiel. ReoarfaU- C., AUautti, Ga.
Mm to beware of the sirens, lie replied
that his Calypso was with him. In the per
son of his wife, and there was no danger
of his beln enchanted by any other she,
Malta once belonged to the Phoenician
end was colonised by the Carthaginians
Before that it was owned by the Greeks
and after the Punio war by tha Romans,
ttrr on It was attached to Sicily and after
the Roman power was overthrown it was
occupied It the Vandals, the tJoths and
again by the Greeks. In the ninth or tenth
century the Arabs took possession of It
and later on the Normans came In and
ruled It under one form or other for hun
dreds of years.
Knlghta of Malta
It was in liVSO that Omrles V of Spain
gave Malta to th Order of tlie Knights of
St. John of Jerusalem, who thereupon took
tlie tltl of th Knights of M'llta and forti
fied It. At this time they had not only
Malta, but also Ooxo and Tripoli They
took upon themselves the defense of the
Mediterranean. They mad war upon tho
Bsrbary pirate, attacked the Turks again
and again and defeated tlie sultan when
he attacked them. They waged war with
the Moslems for generations; and it was
not until Napoleon Bonaparte, on his way
to Egypt, besieged them that they surren
dered their fortresses. Altogether they held
the Island for 2fA years, nnd when the
French took It they agreed to give the
grand master of the knights an annual
pension of about J'iO.iXW and to. every French
knight resident In Malta a yearly allowance
of 1140.
Tho French siege was followed by one of
tlie English and the Portuguese fleets,
which lasted two years. During a part of
this time there was a famine in Malta.
Fresh pork sold, for tl a pound, dogs nnd
cats were generally eaten and even rats
brought an exorbitant rrlce.
While tha knights had possession of the
island thoy lived In grand style. Thosn of
each language had a particular post as
signed thorn in caso of attack, and thorn
were also palaces or Inns where all tho
members ate anil assembled together to
transact business. Th palaco of the grnnd
master was surrounded by the four prin
cipal streets. It sllll stands and Is now
occupied by the nflleers of the British gar
rison. Tills building covers more than two
acres. It has two entrances and two court
yards, on of which Is now used as an
amusement court for the British officers.
The interior of the palace la elegant, the
chief halls and apartments being embel
lished with paintings commemorating the
battles of tho order. One of the most In
teresting parts of the building Is th
armory. It is a great hall running th
whole length of tho structure and contain
ing many warlike weapons and trophies
which belonged to the Knights of Malta.
In it thore are now ninety complete coats
of armor for mounted knights, and a large
number of weapons used by tho Infantry
of the past. The complete suits of armor
stand among the muskets of the garrison,
looking like sentinels and giving the whole
a omber appearance. In one piece of
armor several slight dents may bo seen.
They were caused by shooting at It with a
musket at ISO feet. The bullets fulled to
penetrate or break tho steel.
Clta VecchlM.
Tho old capital of Malta Is six miles from
Valletta, and one can reach It by rail or
carriage. It la there that the grand mas
ters had their summer residences, . nnd
there they were Inaugurated. They left
Valletta early in the morning, escorted by
a bodyguard and bands of music. When
th grand master cam near tho city ho
was saluted by musketry, and one of the
chief citizens cam out and gave him a
bunch of artificial flowers, making an ap
propriate speech and kissing bis hnnds.
When tho grand master arrived at the
gates ha knelt down before a cross which
had been erected there, and tha keys of
the city were given him. At the same tlmo
b awor that lie would respect the priv
ileges and franchise of the city. After
this he went to the cathedral to mass, and
then on back to Valletta.
Clta Vecchla Is in the center of th Island
and about on the top of It. It Is so high
up that on a clear day the coaats of both
Sicily and Africa may be seen from its
walls.
According to tradition, .pt. Taul tho apos
tle, accompanied by St. Luke, spent three
months on tho Island of Malta. During
this time they lived not far from Clta Vec
chla In a cave, over which the church was
built about 200 years ago. Tlie cave Is
about 36 feet In diameter and 8 feet high.
There Is a marble statue of St. Taul In the
middle of it, and lights are kept burning
before thl night and day. Among the
relics of th church Is a piece of the true
cross upon which the Savior was crucified,
and also relics of not less than six of th
apostles and of other saints.
They Kpeak Maltese.
Malta has been a possession of tho Brit
ish since Thomas Jefferson was president
of the United States. Nevertheless the
people do not speak English, and although
ruled for centuries by foreigners they still
have a language of their own. There have
been attempts to make Italian the na
tional tongue, but the Maltese object, and
they still speak the same langunee that
they hav In the past. There are a num
ber of newspapers published In Maltese
and the Maltese is used to some extent In
the schools.
Tha percentage of Illiteracy Is great. Not
more than one-tenth of the people can
read or write, and many of tho children do
not go to school. Nevertheless, the Island
has common -hools and private school
everywhere. There Is a university, a ly
eeum and a large school for girls. There Is
a public library In ValloMa which contains
over 60,000 volumes, and which has many
of the books of th Knights of St. John.
In religion Malta Is Roman Catholic. It
has an archbishop and more than a thou
sand priests and monks. There are twenty
convents and fiv nunneries on the island,
and these are conducted after tha manner
of the middle ages, th nuns seldotn com
ing out of their seclusion. There are mora
than 100 Catholic churches and chattels,
some of which are elaborately decorated.
Many of tho churches are rich, and that
of St. Paul Is said to own more thsn
$1,000,000 worth of statues, altar ornaments
and Jeweled robes.
FRANK a CARPENTER.
It an ordeal which ail
wouifji approach witU
indescribable fear, for
nothing compare witli
tie pain and horror of
l-hiLl-kirtk Tkl,. Lb