JLL
R
THE OMATIA SUNDAY BEE: JULY 21. 1M7.
Anti-Grazing
D
Agitation is Regaining Irish Land
irniJN, Jun rtt-The Irish t,....
arts hv trlumph'ii Thy tn
fTd upon a war to Ruin the
sounds of hattlo .rn .tin tiprrl
lif-ro and IIlto their M.tory hail neon nm
plete. This win ,p thp last yoar ot tlia
giax'er as a tenant of tha r-t nraa
f.irma, fur both landlord and cattle owner
have made up thfir minds thct i-attlo
ranrhlna- la a thin of the past.
It rannnt he noniMl that thn I.lhe'al
government of Ijinlund has materially
helped the people. 1'nat admlnlstratlnnl
would have sent to jail by order of thi
coercion rourt every man found In ron
rplrmy nualnat the arajtW r and the li' d
lord; but the present rules adopted anmh r
courne. They haulrd out aa an Instrument
of punSnment an at-t passed by King
Edward HI., which doe not Imprison but
n--
: wm
. SK . ivs
cure It Mr. Croker tolls me that a measure
of home rule would In his opinion 1m an
adequate remedy, lie believes that with
If-Kovernment Ireland would revive. In
dustries would be started, employment
would be provided that would k'ep the
youth at home, agriculture would Improve,
and he Is confident that many Irish-Americans
who have made fortunes would like
hlmaelf make an eastern course over the
Atlantic to spend the evcntlnie of life In a
contented Ireland. The nationalist political
physician aprrrs that home rule will real ore
the patient to health, hut the Independent
onlooker at the patient s bed sees complica
tions that will retard the cure. Without
union we are told there can be no hope of
obtaining the home rule medicine from the
English dispensary. This unity Is becoming
tnore and more remote,
vigorous of the politicians and their doc
trines have taken a Arm hold upon tha
country. So popular la the movement that
it Is declared by the politicians that the
I'nltcd Irlfh league can only thrive by fall
ing In with the organization and following
Its lines. Ai the Vnlted Irish league Is
controlled by the Parliamentarians, the lat
ter will admit that they are on the horns of
a dclimma. since they refuse to march
shoulder to shoulder with Sinn Fein. Ad
ded to this, the party hns the refusal of
Messrs. llealy and O'Hrlen to re-enter their
fold and a further split In the camp caused
by the desertion of n trio of Sinn Fein mem
hers of Parliament because Mr. Krdmond
refused to withdraw from Westminster to
lead a vigorous campaign In Ireland.
Thus stand the fighting forces at the
moment. There is a pause In the opera-
i i-Jr T- r !M
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"r i- : -''''itv' ' . .' " . v '. ,' "' r r - 'v v ; - "'. J' :
:rv;---..; :'K 'aq ,v- -...V - .
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merely hinds the wrongdoer over to keep pocrhouse than face the fates on the Irish
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Kail rders Oiled. Bend for oatlof a
HOTELS AND SUMMER RESORTS
to Jail, hut only beeause tliey refuaed to
give hall for Rood helmvlor. The polleenmn
appeora In a new role. He has been
turned Into a cowboy to watch the cat
tle rHlder, and to mark him down If Iden
tified to come under the law of the Ions
deail monnrch. Tim bulk of the Royal
Irish Constabulary have thus been lruft--d
Into the aouth and west of Ireland, hut
the days of buckshot and hludneonlnrc are
over. The constabulary ninn la a mixture
of peaceful persuader and cowherd, and
the whole thltiK In only fun to the people.
Fun and profit. For the grazier nnd the
landlord have at last reconl7.el that the
transfer nf the land must he full and com
plete that the land comnilHslon Vnust buy
for the peasantry not only the boR land
In the country, which haa for long been
given over to KrazinK.
This land question dates fur back. It
Itoea away to the days of Oliver Cromwell,
who Invaded the country nd hrunhed hack
the Irish. Aa history relates, he told them
that they must no either to a warm place
or to ConnauKht. and to Connaunht he
drove them. The worst curat) the peasant
can heap on his enemy la "the curse ot
Cromwell," and no matter where you find
the battered ruins of a castle In the coun
try you hear that the masonry gave way
under the Rtina of the vandal Oliver. Then
Cromwell was not always able to py his
army In cash, so he mailt) the soldiers
grants of the lands that had been con
quered.. and the officers bought the share of
the privates for a small consideration. Thus
came Into being the Irish landlord.
The old stock Irish were driven to the
weatern bogs and the stony mountain side,
and there they remain until this day, when
a government department la considering
how they may b taken away from their
barren surroundlnKs and planted on profit
able land. What Cromwell did not do the
I havo found people living on "farms'
that are subject to periodical floods, on
land that cannot be drained, on unproduc
tive soil, on holding which they have
actually made by clearing away rocks and
stones and conveying the land up by don
key load. More, I have seen hundreds liv
ing on the brink of a horrlblo dlsas'er.
Those people In the bogs In hilly districts
are In wet seaaona ever under the shadow
of the boghurst. Ttie rain descends nnd
sinks under the peet. An underground lalre
Is formed; there Is a tremble, a shiver, and
In a moment the bog comes sliding down
In a mass of black liquid mud to over
whelm everything In Us course. There
have been many fatal bngslldes In the past
and several In the recent past. In one,
peat rush which the writer saw the ooze
flowed down, fortunately, In the daytime
so that the people had time to escape to
safety. The bog moved, It encircled the
cottages In lta course; It climbed up them;
It burled them.
The most comfortable houso of the or
dinary peasant met In two provinces was
a thatched stone structure with an opening
In place of a chimney. It was but a single
room, and tn It lived five human beings,
some fowls and a goat. Other houses had
not the live stock In them; hut they were
not atone houses. The man with a stone
cottage is well on". The man near a town
who has a eottago with tiles on the roof weighed upon steelyards nnd paid for at
Twenty years, ten years, even Ave years Tn Its lecert turning Ihe potirval kaleldo-
ago those trains would have disgorged loa.ls scope had evolved the Sinn Fein party,
of muscular, strong limbed young Irishmen, which wants Ireland to stand by her own
fit to go anvwhere and to do anything. efforts at home and to withdraw the Parlla-
The disease Is there, and It Is for the mentary party from Westminster. The
politic doctor to diagnose the case and Sinn Felners are the youngest and most
Hons, but the army Is forming up for a
further advance, and it Is a noteworthy fact
that the people, whether they belong to
Sinn Fein or the other side, are Imbued
with a spirit equal to that which Impelled
Mr. rarneH's movement forward. The re
vival of the league la to be puBhed forward
and arrangements have been made for the
holding of meetings throughout Ireland
from sea to sea which will he addressed by
the most strenuous speakers that the
country can produce.
The first shots of the renewed battle will
soon be fired and the leaders are confident
of victory. The authorities nf Dublin castle
are more perturbed over the situation than
they have been for the last twenty years.
They know that the old physical force
Bplrlt has been revived throughout the
country and that the men who are about to
fight will court the prison cell. They are 111
equipped to deal with the coming struggle.
Even now, with the antl-grazlng movement
In a quiescent state, they have every avail
able constable In tha west and south, whlln
owing to the scarcity of men they havo had
to call out the military to help the police In
the north.
Carpenter's Letter
(Continued from Page Three.)
Is a nabob; he who has a "slate house"
and i ssesses a pony and cart Is one to
whom hats must be raised.
But If the peasants are not well housed
It must be admitted that the majesty of
the British law Is upheld In structures not
much better In many districts. Several
"courts" might well be turned into barns
or cattle houses. Low ceiled, whltwashed
cottages, with leaky roofs of straw thatch,
built for the accommodation of a single
about 110 a ton. It Is then baled up
like hay nnd shipped on the steamers to
Knglar.d, where It Is used for making the
best of book and writing papers.
details as to the character and wealth of told you not to go away from this house,
the bride phe goes with her to the hath You know where bad little boys go-,
nnd Investigates her beauty; she makes Tommy (sulklly)-Yea, they go flshln' an'
such Inquiries at home about her cooking swlmmin' an' have a gen'ral good time,
and housekeeping ability as enables her to
landlord of a few generations ago did. The 'ar""v- Into such were crowded mugla
Some of the great newspaper companies fects
of England have put up factories In Alge
ria for the handling of alfa grass; and It
Is said that Its value was originally discov
ered by the I.loyds of Lloyd's Register. It
makes a much better paper than wood pulp;
hut It Is more costly, and there Is no
possibility that it will displace the hitter.
furnish a full dercrlptlon. The groom Is
supposed to pay a certain sum for the
bride, and she is expected to bring him d
small fortune In jewelry and household ef-
growlng of wheat and corn became un
profitable; the raising of cattle became
Vastly profitable. Therefore, the landlord
drove his tenants oft the good grass lands
and turned their holdings Into grazing
ranches, which he rented to cattlemen on
an eleven months' lease. There came agi
tation, then a cong.-ated district hoard to
remove the dense bogland populations onto
untenanted land, and there came the land
purchase act, by which the government Is
gradually purchasing the agricultural dis
tricts and handing them over to the people,
who will be government tenants until the
price Is paid off, the people getting their
farms from the state on the hire purchase
systei.i. The owner of the bogland and the
unprofitable estate was keen to sell; he
who owned the profitable cattle ranch held
back. Hence the antl-grazing agitation,
which after a few months has succeeded.
Many graziers have bowed to the will of
the people, and the majority of the re
mainder have given undertakings never to
graze cattle amiln. The landlords of the
ranches are approaching the government to
buy, and the government is quick and
anxious to purchase.
A drive through Connaught and Munster
hows how miserably most of the peas
ants live. It Is common to find fami
lies grouped In one-room mud hovels
situated In black bog where the toiler Is
compelled actually to make the land for
himself. A pair of goats. a wretched cow
and prhaps a donkey may make out a
precarious living among the coarse grass
nd reeds on the outer bog, and from the
miserable anil the peasant by Incessant
labor wins a crop of vegetables if the fates
are good and draws, blank if the potato
blight comes along. The ordinary self-
respecting human being would refuse the generally old. with a snrlnklln of
land as a gift and would rather go to the mostly old. Of Joyous youth little is seen.
trates,' lawyers, policemen, prisoners, the
members of the press and the public. No
can ever left the Chicago packing houses
more closely tilled than the Irish petty
sessions court when a case of public In
terest Is on. In one In the County Ros
common we were tightly wedged against
each other from wall to wall; there was
no ventilation beyond a small window, and
the place was solid with the smell of peat
smoke that is borne by the clothing of
every peasant In Ireland.
One of the most saddening things that
strikes the returned Irishman who travel
through the mournful west and south Is
the depopulation of the country. Where
twenty years ago one saw In the towns and
villages large populations of vigorous,
husky young people, he now finds the peo
ple to be mostly very young or very old.
Utllo is set n of the old time crowds of
strong, well set up youth that were the
pride of Ireland. They have scattered.
They have gone over the Atlantic or crossed
the channel to work in the Knglish fields
or factories. So few have been left behind
that at harvest time the farmers cannot
obtain laborers. The country has been
bled and lta still bleeding. At almost every
railroad station In Munster and Connaught
on steamer days you may see mobs of
young men and women with their traveling
bags waiting to be conveyed to Queenstown
to cross to the states. They were so nu
merous a week ago that the steamers had
to leave behind several hundreds to wait
for berths In other ships.
Stand at any of the railway depots tn
Dublin when the big trains come in with
excursionists from the country for the rx
hililtlon and you see one of the most strik
ing results of the emigration drain. Ths
excursionists are mostly women, who are
men, also
mimt
Is to love children, and no,
home can be completely
happy without them, yet the
ordeal through which the ex
pectant mother must pass usually is
so full of suffering, danger and feai
that she looks forward to the critical
hour with apprehension and dread.
Mother's friend, by its penetrating and soothing properties,
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Merchants of the Sahara.
A large part of the caravan business at
the ports Is handled by flreeks end Ital
ians. The alfa grass Is bought by Italians,
who act for the English, shipping this stuff
to Liverpool and London, and bringing back
hardware and Manchester cottons. The date
exports also are in the hands of Italians;
although the bringing of the dates here is
largely through native tribes, who make
a specialty of merchandising.
Have you ever heard of the Mozabltes?
They are sometfmes called the Jews of thn
Sahara. The Arabs say that while 1t tak.s
five of their people to beat a Jew at a bor
galn. It requires ut least five Jews to get
the better of one Mozahite. Indeed, many
believe that th Mozahites are of Jewish
origin. They are the descendants of the old
Carthaginians and settled there. Carthage
was founded hy Jews, and It was ruled
by Queen Dido the Jewess. At any rate,
the Mozabltes are superior to the Jews
In their trading ability, and they h.ive
monopolized certain kinds of trade in the
desert.
They have seven cities far down below
Algiers In the middle of the Sahara, at Just
where the curavan tracks cross. They are
engaged In commerce there, and also in
Algiers, In Tunis and In nearly every trad
ing center of North Africa. These men
stay away from home only for two years
at a time. Their laws require that they
rome back every so often, and their wives
can claim a divorce If they remain longer.
If a man absents hln;s'lf more than two
years his wife lias not only the light ti
marry tgaln. but she can take possession
of all the property belonging tn the family
and keep it
I am told that the Mozahite women aro
true to their husbands. They wear black
while their husbands are a1 son', and n;nk
great feas's when they comeionie. Among
the viands served on such occasions are
barhacued ram-Is and sheep. A', the same
time a dinner is given to the poor, and this,
strange to say. takes place at the cemtery.
Here the wife plays th Lady Rounttful.
sitting on the tomb of h.-r parents, while
she hands out the S'.up and dispenses ln-r
alms.
I have seen many of the Moz.thltes dur
ing my travels. They are short, stout and
light compleztoned. with features Jewish In
cast. They are noted for their stinginess.
Most of them sleep In their shops, where
they somotlnn s do their own cooking, sav
ing every cent to take home.
I ve and Marriage In the Sahara.
All the women of the Sahara marry
young. A girl Is often !otroth-d at g or
she is married at 12 or 13. and is an old
woman at 30. At 10 she begins to primp
and look at the men, and something is
supposed to be wrong with her if she is
not married at 17 or 18. As to the age of
the husband, that matters not. He may be
1 or 6o. and he may have s-vrral wives.
The marriage is usually arrranged by a
female matchmaker, employed by the
groom, who is supposed to find out all tha
Preparatory to the wedding the bride is
put through a course of training. She is
bathed and greased again nnd e-gain, and
her skin Is coated with powder. On tho
wedding day she Is wrapped up in so many
veils that she looks more like a bundle than
a woman, and In this shape she is carried
on a camel or donkey to the home of the
groom.
The first home of the desert bride la with
her husband's family: but only when she
Is the first wife. If he has other wives she
goes to the common tent, and there takes
her place as boss of the establishment. She
holds this position for a year or so, but
after that comes down to everyday llfo
and doeB her share of the work. She aids
In the cooking, in gathering fuel and In
weaving the cloth for tents and the family
clothing.
Onled Malls.
Have you ever heard of the Ouled Nails?
They are to be found in jvery oasis, and
there is a whole street given up to them in
Hiskra, the so-called Paris of the Sahara.
They are noted for their beauty und are
professional entertainers, much like th'
Nautili girls of India, the (Jhawuzl of
Kgypt or tho Geishas of Japan. Robert
Hlchcns rather effusively describes them
In "The Garden of Alluh," making them
more beautiful than I have found them
either In Hiskra or here. The Ouled Nails
sing and dance for money In the Moorish
cafes. Any one who will pay for a cup of
cuffte can s e tliein. and scores of these
dark-faced, tuibaned, long-bearded Arabs
will sit and watch them for hours. The
girls are paid by the owners of the estab
lishments, but they also collect contribu
tions trom the foreigners present, coming
to them and kneeling down at the close of
tiieh dame. Thereupon tho foreigner wets
a silver coin with his lips and presses it
upon the fi.reliead ol the dancer. The coin
sticks and the girl rises and goes through
the wild ahainloii ,.f another dance, mov
ing her head so gently that the coin re
mains wllelei it nai placed.
The dance of the Ouled Nails is the well
known stomach dance, In vogue through
out the orient. It consists of a series of
contortions of the bips and abdomen, while
the rest of tlie body lemaina stationary or
perhaps swuy back and forth. The girls
are fully dressed; there Is no exposure of
person, and tiny lack the ballet tights of
our wicked stag'-. Nevertheless, their ac
tions are more demoralizing than those of
the worst of our dance halls. Their pro
fession Is considered respectable, and after
a time they take the money they have
thus made and go home and marry their
lovers. FRANK G. CARPENTER.
Prattle of the Youngsters
"If you multiply six prunes by seven
bananas, what s the answer, Willie?"
"Sum."
"What is the matter with minima s little
boyT'
"O, mamma, I feel so bad in my shoes!
They can't digest my feet!"
"Oh. Willie, what s thi j queer lookiri'
thing with about a million legs?"
"That's a millennium. It's somethln' like
a centennial, only It has more legs."
Genial Clergyman (visiting the village
school) Well, my little man, what do you
do In school all day?
The Most Promising Pupil I wait till It's
time to get out, sir.
Young Man (In parlor) Willie, do you
think your sister cares anything for me?
Small Willie I don't know, but I'm bet
ling her other fellow will win.
Young Man Why do you think so?
Small Willie Because mamma makes ma
keep out of the parlor when he calls,
Mother Now,
Tommy,
remember Pve
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timely Inn,"
says Shakaspessa, and ws think tha
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NEW YORK
deserves this title
"Timely" it is at the very
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And "timely" it is in
that it furnishes the wealth
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mi
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i J H K 'IS
STATISTICS
DnI W Hotel Brim on t, f 1 ,00,000.
Four yeitm in bulWtinjr.
IDrhirt type f flrrpreof eoutrweU
Tweutr-nrvrD aloriett.
Mr than a tltoumnd roortm,
Fonadaiion f botei moiA rock.
yearly tea thonMnrl ttmm of tel u4.
Pyatem venUlulton by filtered air.
AuUmtte beat renutatert.
IMue elevator.
All ruvmi equipped with prtvaft aa
loaf dftfctaace Irlppbosiefl.
Til latest idditioi to tbe great hotels of the world. Opened Uar 8tk, 1906.
RATES
Raoou without kath, $2.50 and upwud
Rooms with bsth, $3,50 and upwaid
Pallor, bedroom and bath, $10 sod upwsrd
We would welcoaie you hare and try to mska
yea look upon this hotel ss yout New York horns)
The Hotel Belmont
42nd Street and Park Avenue, New York City.
B.LM BATES, Managing Director.
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lit a4 KoOm,
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atirrU Oeie, Fet-fect Oaislna.
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kCPPrR-BF:so eotelco.
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