r
E
THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: JUNE SO. 1007
)
Educational Features Derived by Our Boys From Summer Camp Life
ffl
T'MMETt camps for boy have In- Ing able to nwlm.
rressfd In size and numbers at a At 12:30 romn
wonderful rate In the lost three or
four year. The Idea had its origin
in M'-rniany, mil it wag not in
trndin rd to the I'nltod KiaUa more-'than a
dri arte nco At that, time a few scattered
camps had tin-n staMlshed. hot they wrro
all in the experimental stnae. Men who be
tl&n seven t r ei?l t years an, usually with
less tlin a wore of hoys anil few ti,ts.
are rK reizar'Wl ns p'opi-er In tlie tli-M.
f n their 1:r'' tTe rio M oi.t ins replied
rt I The Young Uin s Chtia-
ihstactlal luncheon
followed by a brief rest. Then the boys
are turned loose main. Often there is
a ball game with a team from some neigh
bor! ne ramp or nearby town. Then there
is tennis, or a boat rare or fishing. (Vit
on the lake a group of older buys are re
pairing the, float anl diving platform, i 'n
the rifle range nearby h squad if seniors
la learning ho to hanile a g in In
preparation for the coming shjotln.;
mat. h.
At J o'clock comes the afternoon awlru-
aerved, and lots
amount of food a
of boys will stow
derful. Mat and
of It. Th
hingry bunch
av. ay Is . won
potatoe are
1.
V.
wliat the boys want most of
.all, and pie anil randy ail
other r!rh foods are rarely ea'en.
Arp'e same, ps mu"h as they
can eat, usually takes the plae
of pastry.
The hours between sunset and
bed time- ate mnoivr the mort e.i
Joya'.'le nf the c"ny. There n : e
gaUitiliigs around the campflre, en-
11 f II,. :.A.Wr
vjy
t.ie
wi ,
, , ... 'i ' .s vr : -ay " . . f
w- ,w -wj., --t.- - tis-e jmm I v .11 y is -urn rm m ";
,4k
V- . . .
--'jc'ailoii liar taken H up and has
. ---I.i.li l ,.lllieH b;i;.'.S In i.!! pi. ts of
.int.y. i-.t tlVnu ni r:;mp.-i t r lii.ioO
i ! i 1 1 ?i l, i a'lLaii i it,, y ii-r a v 1 1 ; .i in r
oiti'ii .ire mr.v a. u In ,iii; t'ounili d. ina
I ;:u.l' i Iucch tin' n;i!iiber of (.rantuil
iiiii.p'i nt Ixtv.rin and !, wltli luiiru
llid'i ?tt,-vi buy.K uniler mnvas.
Tin- ij;ij iinsraiii In a typical camp is
car. fully l.ild out. At G:ao a buglo Bounds
the r.'velllc. Tlie boys tuiublo out of bed
and line up in long rows for a few inlnulea
of I riFk setting up exercise, followed by a
flve-iiiinuti! dip In tli lake. The breakfast
bell, then sumniona the youngsters to a meal
of fruit, cereals and eps. After this they
may follow their own inclinations. A guir.u
jut hare and hounds In taken up, a small
ff purty Is orwunlEcd for a tramp to some
y nearby place of Interest, or the cump
naturalist leads them through the woods
'on some bug hunting or bofanlzlng trip.
'he wood-working shops are ready with
, ompntent Instructors to aid In the' matin-
; facturo of a trap or boat or some piece of
furniture for the boya" tent, while tools
are at hand to work out some design In rolng hour, the most popular part of the
Hammered brass or ornamental Ironwork, day. Water polo, water base ball and
On the athletic field the coaches are al- other aquatic sports are indulged In, -while
Ways ready to assist In training for future a number of good divers practice from
ames or sports. tha raised sprtrfgboard. After this they
K nven o'clock Is looked forward to with 'I0 around In - the sun and accumulate
p In i Jest. At this hour the morning squad . ...
swlin. Tha good swimmers enjoy them- The summons to dinner at 6 never has
riolvos without restriction, whlla the begin- to be sounded twice for anybody within
ners are carefully watched and encouraged, range of . the bell. Soup, meat and vege-
It very rarely occurs that a boy leaves the tables, usually with Ice cream for dessert,
camp after a two weeks' stay without be- disappear rapidly. Good plain food Is
intll at taps, 10 o'clock, the last light Is
but out.
This is the schedule for pleasant days;
in rainy weather a different program Is
i arrior out. Books and games are then un-
and camp Is pitched at Its summit. On hf'l the field sports, running and Jumping
these trips the boys get a taste of real' camp and amusing obstacle races, tho champion
life devoid of -many of the luxuries and "hip baaebull games, the tennis finals, and
conveniences which they have come to last of all visiting day, with tho exhibition
regard almost as necessities. Then they of manual training work, naturo specimens
arked, kit boxes are oraggeu iorin irom sleep on me grounu v.1111 no proitcuun uui
eneath beds and this checker boards their blankets and a rubber poncho, learn Then the camps close up, the boys as-
painted on their tops pressed into service, .how to build a camp fire and cook their own senible at their tents to pack their scattered
Fishing tackle Is cleaned up and repaired, food and to depend entirely upon them- belongings and tho home trip Is be-
outfils straightened out and disordered selves. gun.
tents rearranged. The manual training In some camps a month's canoe trip Th .....i,.,., ,llmmpr camo consists of a
and by shop then sees tae schemes of many youth- down the river Is a regular feature of the farm of fr()m twenty-five to 150 acres, slight additional charges for special trips.
for tho older mem-
livened by stories and Joke
camp songs with banjo and mandolin ac- ful Inventors take definite form, and boring summer vacation
lotupantment. Potatoes are roasted In the gloves, foils and wrestling mats are brought hers. '
ashes or corn is popped over the glowing Into play. In the evening entertainment in the last few weeks come the annual
coaa s provided by a stereoptlcon lecture, an meets and contests.- Foremost among them
On clear nights a moonlight sail or row Impromptu concert or a camp show. arn the aquatic sports with their parade of
nrni th lib. is taken o.ntimo. .neeial events are arranged gaily decorated floats and skiffs.
Joned open flieplate. where they gather at
night In rainy weather. Then there is
the long mess hall and the servants' quar
tern. At times the boys ileep In the farm
homo or 'n frame dormitories, but as a
geiieml rule they ininp out In tents.
These tenls havo waterproof flies and
board floor talced u foot or more above tin
ground to prevent dampness and Insure
good vontllat ion. Tliry, as a rhle, contain
four beds for three boys and a leader
their kit boxes' und a collide of folding
camp ch.iirs or "tools. The leaders, or
captains, as they ae culled, are nearly all
college nu n or scluad teachers who know
how to mannKe boy and are In sympathy
with them. The boys themselves range In
age from 8 to IX) years, although a large
majority ate between 12 and 18.
The cost of the summer vacation varies
from J6 a week at a' Young Wen's Chris
tian association camp to $160 for tho full
term at a private camp. This Includes
board and lodging, the use of boats and
canoes, bathing prMlcges. laundry bills,
personal Instruction In athletio sports and
In swimming and medical attendance.
Every boy is carefully examined by tha
camp physician Immediately upon his ar
rival and thereafter at frequent Intervals
so that his program may bo mapped out
to do the most good.
In addition to the regular rates there are
usually nart woodland and part cultivated photographic supplies and small extras.
fields and pasture land. Often a vegetable Each camp member Is allowed a fixed sum
garden and a herd of cows are maintained of spending money, rarely exceeding ?5
especially for the boys. In most cases the or 50 cents a week. Hoys must also bring
farmhouse Is transformed Into a head- their own outfits and bedding. A camp
quarters. The boys have lockers here in unuorm usually a gray wnn mnpva ana
Whatever the diversion, tha "call to which take up weeks and even months. 1 hen there are canoe ana ooai race, traveling clothes are kept- lettera of some lighter color-consisting of
quarters" Is always unwelcome. The boys Tramping trips in heavy marching order wl'""'in "n v , ' RI nateiir actors of the usually untouched until the term closes, a flannel shirt, sleeveless jersey and either
then assemble at their tents and get ready aye mailo to distant points. After a long ard a snow D in e a e reading room and library long or short trousers, is often worn, al..
ror bed. billow nghts ana gooa naiurea marcn inrouB.. """"' ,n friends and relatives At this time are and a big assembly room with an old-fash- though it Is not required.
horseplay generally enliven the half hour good rest, some high mountain is climbed lng friends and relatives, una uma are ,
M
bhammedans of Northern Africa Stirred Up Over Religious Revival
(Copyright, 1907, by Frank O. Carpenter.)
rATROUAN, Tunisia, June 27. (8pe
clal Correspondence of The Bee.)
, i Northern Africa Is now In the
ff;- ''f throes of a Mohammedan revival.
I From the Atlantic to the Nile tho
people ure stirred up in behalf of their re
ligion, und there are whispers everywhere
favoring the Inauguration of a holy war to
drive out tho Christians. This movement
Is strongest In the least civilized countries.
It exists throughout all parts of Morocco,
and especially In the western section of the
desert of Sahara. It la rife In Tunisia and
also in TriKll. I bear mutterlnga of It
from people who huve come here from
Egypt and tho authorities everywhere are
alive to ita dangers.
The feeling against Christians Is es
pecially strong in this place, where I am
writing. Kairouan Is the Mecca of north
Africa, and one of the holiest cities of the
Mohammedan world. It was founded by the
famous general. Sidl Okba. and for 1 am
' 'ears it waa uncontamjnated by Christiana.
A half century since it would not have been
aafo for a foreigner to enter It, and in 1830,
when Sir Urenville Temple came here, with
an escort of soldiers,' by the permission of
the bey of Tunis, he was only allowed to
j go out after sunset, and that In the dls
, gulaa of an Arab. It waa not until Its con
j quest by tha French, about twenty-five
years ago, that Kairouan was opened to
Christiana, and today they are looked on
jWlth hatred. Tha town la now in tha
, charge of French soldiers. It has a French
controller to direct the shejks how to gov
ern, and it la through card from him that
I am able to uiuka my way about and visit
tha moaquea
rtlcrlaaaare City.
Kairouan la so sacred in the minds of tha
Mohammedans that they make pilgrimages
to It juat aa they do to Mecca and Medina.
There are now pilgrims scattered through
i the various mosques, and one may see them
praying tn the desert not far away. Many
of them come for hundreds of miles to wor
ship at the shrines her. They sleep n tha
Vieques, and during certain aeasona they
tiV-rftow the city, and their tents are to be
aei.il covering the country outside the walla
Tflia Kairouan of today has twenty-two
luustiues and many tombs of Mohammedan,
saints. In the middle aes it had 3X)
mosques, sin) baths and tio hotels where
caravans could stop. Its population then
numbered l.OuO.OuO, and It waa celebrated,
all over the world as a seat of religion
and learning. Today It has only 2S.0OO in
habitants and some of the greatest mosquea
are outside the city.
The town is situated on a hill. It la sur
rounded by walla as high as a two-story
huute end la entered by gates. The towt
Is of Mohammedan architecture. The
houses are tint -roofed buildings of one i
Ji Morioa, standing alonvr streets so
narrow that few of them are accessible,
except on foot, or horseback, or on don
' Ve x . The business la done In covered
briars, and the people are dressed tn tha
tu hjns and gowns and atrange female
com .una w orn by the Arabs. Th women
tru closely veiled when they go out on the
s'leet, and It la not uncommon to see one
ili.'ped In Mack from head to foot, her face
hiing so covered that not even an eye can
I"' ires.
4
Mostt a of the Holy Hair.
I have gone " through the principal
oe e juwa One of most Interesting la
that of th barber of the Prophet Moham
med. Tula saintly man is. burled here, and
with him three hairs of the prophet's
beard, which make the mosque especially
holy. These hairs were secured by the
barber one day after he had shaved
Mohammed, and he carried them about
with him for the rest of his life. One he
kept under his tongue, another over his
heart, and the third pasted on his right
arm. The Mohammedans revere anything
that comes from their prophet, and es
pecially the hairs of his beard. I remem
ber, when I visited the mosque of Jamma
Musjld in Delhi, India, that the greatest
curiosity shown me was a hair from Mo
hammed's mustache. It was kept tn a
cryatal box Inside a safe, and I was able
to see It only by bribing the officials. The
hair was half an Inch long and It was
bright red in color.
The mosque of the barber of Kairouan is
situated outside the city. It is entered
through a vestibule lined with tiles and
lacelike carvings. The minaret is faced
with tiles and the court la surrounded by
arcades of white marble columns. The
barber's tomb Is covered with black velvet
and there are ostrich eggs and other offer
ings given by the pilgrims hanging above It.
The grand mosque, another Mohammedan
shrine, is situated Just inside the walls. I
visited It yesterday by means of my card.
It Is one of the largest mosques of North
Africa, and la Imposing and buautifal. The
building Is of rectangular shape, with a
tall minaret at one aide.
This mosque hat arcades upheld by mar
ble pillars running around a court of more
tban an acre, with an immense hall at one
end. . The latter . bas a ceiling of many
arches, upheld by a forest of columns of
marble and porphyry. The walla are dec
orated with Moorish plaster work, so
carved that It looks like lace, and also by
mosaics of marble and lapia lasull. The
pulpit la of wood tioin Bag-da a. and ita
pannela are carved with texta from the
Koran. Many of the columns of this bulld
Inc wwe taeu(ht her (ran to ruins f
Carthage, which city was taken by Sidl
Okba Just before he built Kairouan.
About tbe Mohammedans.
This Is a good place to learn something
about the Mohammedans and their religion.
In North America and Europe, where one
sees oijly Christians, It Is hard to believe
that there are millions upon millions, who
look upon us heretics and think we are
on the straight road to hades. Every man
see here considers me already damned,
and for the last three months I have been
traveling among people who in their souls
call ffte a Christian dog and feel that they
would have a sure pimsport to heaven if
they could put flie out of the way. I have
before me the figures which represent the
religious divisions of the world, and I ob
serve that moro than one-tenth of all the
people on earth are Mohammedans. Here
Is the account In round numbers:
Total world population 1.500.000.000
Mohammedans 175.0HO,(
Christians 6no.uO0,ixD
Confucians SOO.ooO.uw
Hrahnians 2U,ton.tio
Buddhists lJUuO.MO
Jews K.n0rt.l
Other religions lSMOO.COo
This means that If all the people on this
big, round globe could be collected together
into one pluce one rerson In every three
would be a Christian, either Protestant,
Catholic or Greek. One in every five would
be a Confucian, a Chinaman with yellow
face and almond eyes; and one In every
seven or eight would be a dark-skinned
Brahman from India. One In every ten
or less would be a Mohammedan; and the
rest would be. made up of pagans, Jews,
Toalsts, Shintolsls and others.
The Mohammedans are scattered itll over
North Africa. They form the bulk of the
population of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia,
Tripoli and Egypt and there are millions
of them In the Soudan. There are about
60,000,000 Mohammedans In' India Araula
is populated by them. They form the pre
dominating Influence In Persia, Asia Minor
and Turkey, and there are millions of
them In China and la the lalaaaa vt Um
western Pacific ocean. We have a fiv
graded Mohammed sect in the Sulu islands
and Mindanao, and there are many in
Borneo, Java and In other parts of tha
Dutch East Indies. Jerusalem la now held
by these people. Mussulmans guard the
Church of the Holy Sepulcher, and the
Mosque of Omar stands on the alie of
Solomon's temple Mohammedanism as a
religion is Increasing rather than decreas
ing, and whole tribes are now converted
at one time in this African continent.
Kelislon of vthe, Proahet. '
There is no doubt but that the Moham
medans believe In their religion. They
teach charity and brotherly love. They
preach against avarice and the lending of
money at Interest, and they do not drink
Intoxicating drinks. Their faith is qultu
as strong as ours, and they practice It
more religiously. I see men at tlielr
prayers here every day; they pray in their
shops or out In the fields; and In going
through the bazars one often observes
the merchants studying their Koran.
Nearly every turbaned and gowned man I
meet carries a rosary on which he counts
his prayers, as he goes over his beads;
and five, times every day I hear the shrill
cry of the mueizln or Mohammedan priest
as he stands on the minaret of a mosque,
high over the city, and calls the people to
corne to prayers.
The hours of prayer begin at daybreak.
The secend call is at midday, and the third
at about S o'clock. There la a fourth call
at sunset, and a fifth along In the even
ing. The call Is In Arabic, and the words,
translated, are something like these:
"Allah Is great. I testify that there is
no God but Allah, and Mohammed is the
prophet of Allah. Come to prayer! Come
to worship! Allah is great! There Is no
God but Allah!"
Another call Is:
"Prayer la better than aleep! Com to
prayerl Come to prayer!"
Aa these calls ring out. one sees the Mo
ti ajii mil tn mac en Uielr way to tha
mosques. Some of them carry prayer rugs
under their arms, and others go without
them, relying on the matting or carpets
which are usually on the mosque floors to
protect their clothing. They takn oft their
shoes before they enter the mosque, and
generally lay down in front of them as
they pray.
In every mosque there is a fountain or
washing place; and the Koran requires
that one wash himself before he goes in
to pray. He cleans his feet, hunds, lace
and other parts of his body, and he goes
through the motions of doing so, whether
he has water or not. It Is often Impossible
to get water In tho Sahara, and at such
times the faithful use sand.
As they pray, thu Mohammedans always
face Mecca. They have tlielr fixed motions
qf praying. They begin by raising their
hands to the lobes of tho ears; they next
hold them a little below the girdle, and
then bow their heads over. After this they
get down on their knees, and bump their
heads on the floor, and then sit up and
pray, muttering the words laid down in the
Koran. They have numerous prayers, but
one of the shortest and most common,
which takes much the place of the Lord's
Prayer with us, is as follows:
"In the name of God, merciful and gra
cious. Praise be to God, the Lord of crea.
Hires, the merciful and gracious, the prince
of the day of Judgment. We serve The,
and we pray Thee for help. 'Lead us Inthe
right way of those to whom Thou hast
shown mercy and who go nut astray.
Amen." j
What the Mohammedans Believe.
The Mohammedans believe In one God
and In an infinite number of prophets. They
have altogether more than IOO.Oou prophets,
and the greatest of them all are Adam,
Noah, Abraham, Jesus and Mohammed. It
rather surprised me to know that they be
lieved in Jesus, but 1 am told that they
consider Him one of the best of their
prophets, although the greatest of all la
Mohammed, who Is to be euro the last.
They believe In a future state and that
Christ will unite with Mohammed, on tho
day of Judgment, in sending mankind to
heaven or hell. On the Judgment day
there will be a wire rope as fine as a hair
running across from Solomon's temple In
Jerusalem to the Mount of Olives. Upon
that hair all mankind will have to walk.
The good will be upheld by angels and will
go on to paradise, while the wicked will
drop Into hell.
The Mohammedans believe In angels.
They have their Gabriel, who writes down
the decrees of God; their Michael, who
fights the battles of the faith, and their
Israel, who will sound the trumpet on res
urrection day. There are a multitude of
secondary angels whose business It Is to
watch over mankind. Every man has one
of these angels on his right hand and
another on his left, and they keep a record
of his every word and. action. At the cIobb
of eaoli duy they fly up to heaven and put
this report In the great ledgers, there to
be kept for the time when man conies up
for Judgment. At the end, of every prayer
the Mohammedan always turns his face to
the right and then to the left, greeting the
recording angels, who are supposed to be
watching htm, and by his motions suggest
ing that they do not forget to put the
prayer to his credit.
These people have also their Lucifer and
great hordes of bad angels. The latter are
always trying to pry into the secrets of
heaven, and to prevent their learning them
they are pelted with falling stars by the
good angels when they try to enter heaven.
Predestination is a belief of the Moham
medans. They think that every event
which wilt take place was written down by
God at the beginning ef the world, and
that no man can change his destiny. For
this reason they are strong in war. the
soldier knowing that he cannot be killed
until his time comes, and that it Is already
determined whether he Is to die in his bed
or on the field of battle. Besides, he be
lieves that If he dies fighting for the faith
he will go straight to heaven.
tail ir t
4
is.
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-. SO.-
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M- -Ik
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SN THE) GRAND MOSQUE AT KA1ROVAX.
rAATT 07 PXLCIOMS PKATINQ NfcJLR AN OASIS IN THE) DESh'BT.
The Koran Is full of description f
heaven and hell. According to It Moham
med went to heaven during hla lifetime,
and when he came back he gave the full
story of his adventures there and how
things looked. He was called up 'by Ga
briel, who brought him a white steed with
a human face and a body resplendent with
gems and precious stones. It had wings
and, when Mohammed mounted it. It
soared with him through the skies with the
rapidity of lightning. By and bye the gate
of the first heaven was reached. This waa
of pure silver with a sky in which the
stars were suspended by chains of gold.
It contained a mighty rooster, ao tall that
hla comb reached to the second heaven.
This bird crows every nyrnlntf and all .
mankind is awakened by him, the cocks be
low beginning to crow when he opens hla
mouth.
Mohammed met Adam in the first
heaven, Noah In the second and Moses
and Aaron In the fifth. Noah hailed him
as the greatest of the prophets and Moses
shed tears at the sight of him. In the
seventh heaven Mohammed was received
by Abraham, and there he met the Deity
himself. At this time many of the doc
trines of the Koran were given to him,
and among othera a requirement that fifty
prayers should be made dally by all true
believers.
As Mohammed dropped down from th
seventh heaven he met Moses and Moses
asked him what the Iord had required.
The prophet replied that God wanted man
kind to make fifty prayers a day. Moses
told Mohammed that this was Impossible,
as he knew from hla own experience with
the children of Israel, and that he had
better return and ask the Lord to reduce
the number. The number was cut down to
forty. Moses sent him back again and
again, until It was at lut made only five,
Moses thought this was too many; but Mo
hammed replied that he had already asked
tha Lord'e Indulgence until he was
ashamed, and so the prayera made by Mo
hamniedana are five every day.
ome Feat area of Paradise.
In the Mohammedan heaven the ground
la of the finest wheat flour, strewed w(th
pearls and hyacinths Instead of sand and
pebbles. The air Is fragrant with per
fume, and it Is cooled by sparkling foun
tains. Some of the streams are pure water,
running between green banks enameled
with flowers; while others are of milk and
honey flowing over beds of musk. Among
the trees is one whosn boughs are laden
with every variety of fruit, and whose
shade Is so great that a horse might run
for a hundred years and not cross It.
The Inhabitants of heaven are clothed In
raiment sparkling witli Jewels. They have
sumptuous palaces and voluptuous couches.
Every believer will have, hundreds of serv
anta, who will bring him the most ilclii ions
of foods and drinks In dishes and goblets i f
gold, and be will eat as long as he wishes
without being full and drink without grow
ing drunk.
Aa to his society, he ill have the learned
of mankind to talk with him, and the great
of all time to amuse him. He will have tho
wives that he had upon earth In tlmir full
beauty when they wcie brides, and he w)ll
also be alloted aeventy-two black-eyed
hourls, by whom he may hava children or
not aa he wishes. Thu Mohaniinedana are
fond of children, and thla la an important
Continued on Pag Five.)