'B
TIIE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: MARCH ,17, 1907.
fairly blotting out the big hotels and tower
ing cliffs In fountains of spray. Special
trains are on hand at such times to hurry
material to fill up cavities and breeches.
It Is a costly business, however.
The little town of Cromer In one yenf
has spent over $:5o,0n0 on sea defence. ln
the fishing town of Lowestoft furious seas J
have licked cut lOO.Onn tons of shingle,
despite the fact that l-'SO.O'O has been spent
on protective measures; and on tho south
side the low water mark has been driven
buck nearly seventy feet. Nevertheless
(ENGLAND'S WAR WITH SEA
"tm Etretcisi of Ear Territory Art
Wuhel Away Yearly.
TOWNS AND FORESTS UNDER THE WAVES
jiu aad Water Corer Area Known
to History aad the Onslaught
af tha Oomi la I a-
rhecked.
In the last named county the losses In
1535 and 110 four churches disappeared In
Gibraltar; and on the east const alone ter
ritory Is lost equal to the Island of Heligo
land. All the coast towns spend annually hun
dreds of thousands of dollars fighting the
Irresistible enemy, especially the more pop
ulous resorts whose prosperity Is threat
ened. One December night the Kentish
town of Margate waa almost pounded to
pieces, and damage done to the extent of
J.mn.nno.
There were falls of cliff In the eastern
an uninhabitable condition. On the Jetty
Iron seats and! stanchions were bent and
twisted, and enormous masses of concrete
and stone torn from the defensive works
and partlnly dragged out to sea.
At Heme Bay, In Kent, a fw weeks ss
the sea promenade, over a mile In length,
and the roadway above It were completely
torn and destroyed, and In one small sec
tion of the town ITAWO damage was done
to municipal property.
. The county of Kent has always been a
section of" the sea wall between Sheerness
and est Minster, In the Isle of Fheppey,
was so damaged that nearly l.OnO of the
Hoyal Engineers, Royal Artillery and blue
Jackets had to turn out to repair the dam
see. During the night of the storm M.OOfl
sandbsgs and 135,000 feet of planking were
worked Into the gaps.
It Is strange to find an Inland town fast
passing out to sea entirely helpless and
with valuable land marked out for des
truction. Oreat efforts have -been m-vle
modern times have been especially severe.
the waves. In 1C77 combers lapped their
wsy Into the market place, and In 1700 the
towering St. Peter's church collapsed Into
the sa.
It Is no wonder therefore that a royal
commission on coast erosion should have
been appointed by the government to In
Thus Englishmen of today look In vain
for the lust city of Ravensbtfrg. It was
at this seaport thst Henry IV. landed In
i:r. as Phakespeare notice.
The lost city snt two members to Parlia
ment and was a bigger and more Important
place than the city of Hull la today. But
with It disappeared many other villages
quire Into the encroachment of the sea and
adopt measures of defense. The statistics
of the. ordnance survey show that every
and a large tract of territory In the Holder-
neas district.
year England loses by marine e rosion al.me
ctlnn of the town; promenadev'were car
Once fertile and populous land. Is being
destroyed at a great rate from Spurn Head
to Bridlington. One-haJf of the ancient
church of Kllnsea disappeared In 1S2, and
a tract of land equal In else to the Rock of
rled away and overhanging hotels left In great sufferer. Last winter one extenslva to ' threatened territory In the little
the rest of It live years later) the town It
self had gone long ago under the" waves.
Britain mar be mMmi of the waves,
but they take tremendous toll of Ita terri
Aldborough church has been destroyed;
the Castle of Grlmston hns vanished. Ma
pint on church, rvw lopptlns; on the cliff,
was formerly two miles Inland.
tory arery year. For hundreds of miles
If ' " " ' . x ' ,v . . ...
Jon tha English coasts are burled once
prosperous towns and villages, and forests
Skegness, In Lincolnshire, wss at one
time an Important town, with a fortified
Wherein once roamed red deer.
castle and Immenso churches. But that
city Is now lost among the breakers, and
castle, church, market place and streets
' r
Tha line or anchorage for ships ofT Belsey,
tn Sussex. Is still called "The Tark" by
.ft ; i:t - ... . '
t k t.
nannra ignorant
of the term's orlrln
lie fathoms deep In the North sea
'la Henry VIlI.'s reign It wss full of stags.
So recently as 179 the remains of a forest
,oa and fawns, and for poaohlng la these , were tlalble aloruj the entire coast from j
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Sw-enVe-tjl
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ZOW THC WAVS BtCIhT TM.1ftATT4.CA QH BRITAIN'S CQA S'J
' royal preserves) inn Archbishop once ex- I
' communicated s r'eral deer slayers.
In Yorkshire alone there are no fewer
j than twelve burled towns and villages.
, In the county of Suffolk there are at least
j five; and at many points on the south coast,
like Bexhlll, the remains of submerged
forests are plainly visible at low water.
But It Is Cornwall that has lost moat
1 In the ceaseless battle with the sea. Ac
cording to a survey made In the reign of
Edward I. the duchy contained 1,500,000
acnes; by 1760 the parliamentary reports
gave it only 960,000 acres;' and the lr.test
ordnance survey gives Cornwall but 830,000
acres.
To the westward of Land's End. - and
between there and the Scllly Isles lies
the lost land of Lyonesse. But more strik
ing than figures, history or tradition Is the
evidence of the Cornish coasts themselves
at low tldo.
Thus beneath the sand of Mount's Bay
Is a deposit of black mould In which may
be discovered the remnants of leaves,
ruts, branches and trunks of trees. And
the remains of red deer may be traced
award as far a the ebb allows. The
chronicler Leland states that the district
- between Land's End and the Scllly islands,
now covorea ny tne Atlantic once con
tained 140 parish churches and villages.
As to Wales Prof. A. G. Ramsey says
"Mora land has gone in the principality
' than now remains above the sea level.
Formerly from the Kibble to the Dee and
irom an unnnown distance seaward up
' the valley of these rivers the country was
' clothed with trees. But all this land has
J bow disappeared and the sea appears
I greedy for more.
At Leasowes Castle, in the Wlrral dls
, Irlct of Cheshire, the sea a century ago
was more than a mile from the castle
I walls. But today, were it not for the
I masonry embankment of the castle, the
wavea would sweep right -over It.
Great submerged forests occur at In
tervals all around the English coasts from
I the treat bight between Wales and Scot
land, the Bristol Channel, the coasts of
Cornwall. Devon and the Isle of Wight
And also from Solsey In Sussex to Holder
I Bess In Yorkshire,
Skegness to Grimsby. As to the No folk
country, enormous havoc has been wrought
In the Cromer district. Here an old salt
will stretch a tanned forefinger to the
northward, indicating In the far distance
solitary upstanding rock lashed by Uie
waves. "Yonder la old Cromer church."
he will say, "which used to bo In the middle
of the town."
A little further along the cliffs the old
church of Sldestrand, now deserted, hang
on the very Up of a precipice, all but
swallowed In the ocean. But perhaps the
most notable case Is that of the city of
Dunwlch, the ancient capital of East An-
glla, which boasted sixty churches and a'
mint. ... ,
It furnished forty ships to Henry III, and
forest lay between the town and the
cliffs. Robert, earl of Leicester, waa ap
palled at the strength of Dunwlch, which
became the seat of the principal soe of all
eaatorn Anglla.
The engulfing of this dlty forms a strange
story. In Edward II. 's reign 400 considerable;
nouses were swallowed up; and betweea
r
SCA T7GTOHXOVS DPfiTfuCTlON OF LANGLCY roff A"-? VASTJXWRN0
Kentish town of Sandgate, near Dover,
where a battle between tho sea and civil
engineers has been In progress for cen
turies. Every gale leaves its mark on Sandgate,
tearing away the sea wall and making
breeches often. 300 feet In length. The
foundations ' of the old castle are now
causing anxiety, and have to be shored up
with timber and masses of concrete, though
It la doubtful whether these make shifts
can avail for long.
It Is a magnificent sight when the sea
attacks a Sussex town like Hastings, break
ing In fury on her defensive works and
twenty-two feet of cliff disappeared re
cently, leaving a new hotel in so perilous
a position that It had to be abandoned.
Col. Hellard, director general of the ordi
nance survey, has told the Royal Commis
sion on Coast Erosion that within the last
decalo or two the county of Suseex alone
nas lusi oil acres, i ii cinis hi nulling- a
dean, where Kipling lives, are forever
crumbling and falling. I
In one spot land worth J7C0 an aero 7is J
swept away In half mile slices, and tlitttw, , J
for a depth of over 100 feet Inland. It'
problems like theHe which tne Royal Cor.
mission has to face, -
FEW CONGRESSMEN RETIRE
Senator Epooner's Cais One of tha Hotabla
Fxoeptioai.
EDMUNDS HAD A UNIQUE REASON
Fear of a Chance in Senatorial Tra
dition Llttaarr and Sibley
Voluntarily Left the Hobs
After Longf Service.
WASHINGTON, March 18.-The sensation
caused by the recent resignation of Senator
Spoonor of Wisconsin ' was of twofold
nature. In the first place it arose from
the fact that in his departure the senate
would lose one of Ita foremost members In
point of ability and Influence and the ad
ministration" a stanch (supporter. In the
second plaoe there waa astonishment that
500.00 la Msec Simply make a (nesai Bow many will be sold to July 31
" ' " " - - - - - ,.(--.
Tha ehanoa to g-aess Is TUXJS. Bo aside from the Prises, the "Xanphsr Hat" la the
hat of quality, sold by the leading dealer everywhere.
1,000 BATH TUBS c
From Sheriffs' and Receivers' Sale
$6.00 AND h,cher
Ta have om tboanne bath sub bsogbt M 8bntV
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waul la UU liu.
into Utr mm im.OO.
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av.i.ai ajraaie wnirr riOMIi ial Vti.V. Tbll IB our
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S- !;-; tli ' . CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING OO.
Tt or lcc( j.lun.tor l tmim 4 y0 to 4.', or.
c..-.. ni.niuTura, rMiug u. pric lror . t. tn.eo. WtniHlUt
ntfwa'tilailicrulii, aa4 km U mA tjirami Qsuiltle. Olkr klj-
bk roa ot ariu see rasK cataloo. a. m., 707.
.oetoe
, fauuttm
33th and Iron Street - - Chlcturo
Bee Want Ads Produce Results
any one In congress should resign at all.
Despite all that is said In congress and out
(mostly by congressmen themst-lvee), H Is
tlie rule that few voluntarily quit the Job of
nerving their country as national legislators
because of the small pay with which their
services are recompensed. The exceptions
merely serve to establish the rule.
Aside from Senator Spooner's resignation.
the most notable infraction of the rule In
recent years waa the retirement of Senator
Edmunds In 1S91. And the reason for his
leaving was unique. He had retained his
law practice to a large deisree throughout
his senatorial earee.-.and was a frequent
pleader before the supreme court, so that
It was not because he had given, up his
practice and must return to It to provide
for himself and family. He went out be
cause, of a fear that the injection of the
"new blood" from the six new states would
result in an overturning of some of the
senate's most cherished traditions, 'particu
larly unl'mlted debate arid executive ses
sions.
At that period there was active agitation
for tho adoption of the previous question
to close debate In the senate and some of
the new senators were more than suspected
of an Intention to force the adoption cf th
rule. There were so many of them that his
colleagues believed that Mr. Edmunds be
came panlcatrlcken, and, fearing that old
landmarks would be swept away, decided
to quit while the body retained all of Its old
prestige and glory as "tho most deliberative
legislative assembly In the world." But
no cataclysm occurred then or later, and
things are now Just as they always have
been.
The voluntary retirements In the Fifty-
ninth ror-ere". only served to emphasize
the rule. Senator Alger decided not to
make the race for re-election, but his action
was based upon ill-health and his death
demonstrated the necessity of the step.
Senators Clark of Montana and Patterson
of Colorado also announced that they would
not be candidates for re-election, . but com
ing political events doubtless oast their
shadows across the pathway of their am
bition before the announcements were made.
All the other senators who went out on
March 4 did so after struggling to retain
their seats.
The membership of the house presented
two shining exception to the rule Messrs.
IJttauer of New York and Plblev of Penn
sylvaniawho (voluntarily sought private
life after ten years' service. The latter
served oae term that of the Fifty-third
congress as a democrat, the other four as
a republican. He attracted more attention
In the first term than In- all the other four,
having a reputation as rampant silver man.
He had to run away from Chicago to es
cape the vice presidential nomination with
Bryap. which Anally overtook Mr. Bewail
of Maine, also popularly credited with
having a "barrell." In later daya he has
been noted chiefly as one of the very few
opponents of railway rate legislation.
There were others who declined to accept
nominations for election to the Sixtieth
congress for either political or business
reasons. These were: Beldlcr of Ohio.
Bowie, to look after the governorship of
Alabama: Hedge of Iowa, Bowersock of
Kansas. Morrell of Pennsylvania, whose
name was discussed In connection with the
mayoralty of Philadelphia, to which his
colleague, Reyburn, was rhosen, and who
had Just returned to the house, and Rup
pert and Towns of New York.
Three representatives went to the senate
Curtis of Kansas. Dixon of Montana and
William Alden Smith of Michigan. Of these,
however, Dixon was the only one who
gave up his nomination for representative
to enter the senatorial struggle. Curtis
tieth congress. Three others left the house
to become governor Little of Arkansas,
Patterson of Tennessee and Swanaon of
Virginia.
Colorado, however, holds the . unique rec
ord of the congress, and probably of all
congresses, in the matter of voluntary
withdrawals. Two-thirds of its representa
tion in the house and half its senatorial
representation told their constituencies that
they did want a renomlnatjon. Of the three
representatives Mr, Bonynge alono sought
and obtained a renomlnatlon. Two terms
each HHii. tiod Messrs. Brooks and Hogg.
It is Intimated, however, that the former
will again find . himself in the service of
the state in another, and what is com
monly spoken of as a higher place, that of
senator.
Origin of Des Moines.
After three years of dlacusalon and re
search, the city of Pea Moines, capital of
Iowa, has formally decided that its name
la not of French extraction.
The decision .was brought to a crisis
three years ago when an erudite down
cast writer in a magazine demanded that
"the early French explorers, such as La
Salle. Hennepin, Dubuque and Des Moines
should be adequately represented at the
St. Louis exposition."
The debate seems to have settled that
Des Moines was not named after any early
French explorer. , that there never was
such a proper name, and that there was no
good philological explanation of the name,
Tho name comes from the Indians.
It was originally Molngona, and was first
given to the Des Moines river by some of
the French. On various French maps which
have been looked up it was put down as
Molng8na. The character "S" was used by
them at that time to signify the sound
of "ou."
As a result, the early Americans who fol
lowed the Frenchmen into the valley, not
having time to write and explain this odd
French character, cut the word to Moln.
Then. when th next stage of develop
ment came, the river, known as "the Moln,"
was assumed to have been named by the
French, and the "De" was substituted for
the English article. Finally, the substitu
tion of a uniformly French spelling inndo It
Des Moines, without 'hanging the pronun
ciation. It was originally a pure Indian name, but
a sorles of accidental corruptions have
made It apparently a French word. Its
meaning In the Indian tongue has been ut
terly lost.
It was supposed for many years, under
the theory that the name waa French, that
It meant "the monks," but Investigation
utterly disproved this. The French who
came nfter the name was adapted to
French forms were the most mystllled as
to Its meaning In French. Queries.
J- LQ 'TOM ID l m
Announce the Formal Opening
GD(o FD?
Devoted to
ft J
5n a
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL AMD
APPOINTED SALESROOM IN
ELEGANTLY
THE WORLD
1
aod Biuith were LoU returned to the fiu