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j COST OF PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
Figures that Alarm Taxpayers in England
Joit Now.
HIGHER MUNICIPAL TAXES ONE RESULT
Pabllfl HiMm(it of Gas Works
PrtTM t B lm Uroaomletl
Tka Private Onitr
akl.
LONDON. Feb. t-(8peclal Correspond
ence.) A local campaign Of world-wld In
terest and importance will culmlnata In tba
London county council election on March
1 Great Britain baa been for fifteen year a
r mora the pioneer In experiment in
municipal trading and the time la at band
when tha country will taka stock of and
pass Judgment upon tha record which ha
been mad. ' '
Tha belleveri in the principle of mu
nicipal management of certain forma of
trade and Industry have bad a remarkably
tree hand in London and the principal large
cities of England and Scotland. The publlo
purs has been open to them almost with
out restriction; their control of the large
enterprise in which they have embarkd
baa been absolute and their reports of the
results of their stewardship have been such
ta they chose to make.
The effect of all this has been that until
Very recently the popular impression has
Veen that municipal trading is, as a whole,
successful from the points of view of econ
omy and efficiency. A marked change has
taken place within the last year In the
attitude of the general public toward thee
)ntrprises and the reasons Tor it are
matter of direct concern to all dwellers in
arge municipalities.
Patience la Esbansted.
The English people are among the most
patient in the world In bearing their public
burdens. They have endured with little
(rumbling the heavy Increases In national
taxation made necessary by the Boer war.
Like the American people, they pay greator
attention to the management of national
than of local affairs, and this tendency has
been emphasised during the crisis of the
last six years.
But the situation has been suddenly
reversed. The fact has been forced upon
their attention that local taxation has been
Increasing In even larger proportion than
national, and it has come upon them with
the force of a sudden revelation that muni
cipal Indebtedness in Great Britain Is grow
ing at an appalling rate.
The debt of the municipalities of Great
Britain has Increased from $305,000,000 In
18S4 to 2,345,000,000 in 1904. The amount of
local government expenditure In Great
Britain In 1892 waa t3S0,O0O,OnO; In 1902, the
last complete year available, It had In
creased to $720,000,000. The explanation al
ways given of the vast growth of muni
cipal Indebtedness has been that it was
incurred for remunerative purposes.
But Englishmen have found that the rate
per bead of local taxation In the country
has Increased no less that 2 per cent. This,
of course, la entirely Inconsistent with the
explanation offered, and the publlo Is now
demanding that the explanation be ex
plained. The results of some careful in
vestigations by highly competent authori
ties are now being placed before the public,
and they are of a very disconcerting, even
.mating, character.
Mir John Labbork's Carelessaess.
The most thorough and fair minded ex
position of the situation Is that which has
JuaJ been made by Lord Avebury (Sir John
Lubbock.) No public man In England Is
better qualified to speak on this subject
than ha. -
He has done more both In and out of
Parliament for the working classes of the
community than any other man. He was
for a considerable time the chairman of
the London County council and he devoted
himself for some years almost exclusively
to the arduous duties which fell upon him.
But he now feels himself compelled to give
grave warning of the dangers of the policy
of municipal trading upon which the coun
cil has embarked.
He analyses briefly but thoroughly the
whole British record of municipal trading
in a small volume published a few days
ago, and he reached these conclusions:
The undertaking by municipalities of
commercial undertakings is undesirable
mainly on five grounds:
Firstly, the legitimate functions and du
ties of our municipalities are already
enough, If not. Indeed, more than enough,
to tax all their energies and AH up all their
time.
Secondly. It has Involved and will In
volve an Immense increase in municipal
cent.
Thirdly. It will Involve municipalities In
labor disputes.
Fourthly, as there will not be the same
stimulus to economy and attention, there
will be a great probability, not to say cer
tainty, that one of two things will hap
peneither there will h a loss fir the cer
vloe will cost more. The working classes
will, of course, be the greatest sufferers.
Fifthly, It Is a serious check to progress
ana aiscovery.
It is hardly possible In the limits of a
single article to discuss all the points
made by Lord Avebury In his remarkable
book and the article Is therefore confined
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OZOMULSION LABOR ATOR IIS,
a PMurl Sbteel, Xtw York, '
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1 m HM l i f . m mil s'n. Of
to the single question of tb economy or
lark of trading enterprises.
Erroaeoa Impresslea Corrected.
The Impression generally prevails In this
country and abroad that municipally con
trolled tram lines, gas and electric supply,
water works, etc.. In Glasgow, London and
other Important cities show a considerable
Improvement In th matter of economy and
efficiency ovr privately managed enter
prises of the same nature. It will b a con
siderable surprise to th general publlo to
learn that th exact contrary I th cas.
Lord Avebury puts th matter as gently
as possible, but be says In effect that th
public has been humbugged by methods of
keeping accounts which will not bear In
vestigation. This Is a very serious charge
to make, but he produces Indisputable
evidence In support of his Indlotlment.
My fourth objection." h say. "Is often
contested. It Is alleged that profits Jar
made. Of where municipalities hav mon
opolies and can charg what they Ilk this
Is In on sens th case. They take what
they choos out of th profits of th rate
payer and call It a profit.
I doubt whether they vr mak a profit
wher they hav not a monopoly. W
who are engaged in commerce know that
success depends on close attention to da
tails, on watching th urn of th mar
ket, on giving mind and thought to busi
ness. It is Imppssibl for msmbsrs of
municipalities to do this, and conse
quently municipal management cannot b
so economical or so suocesful as prtvat
management.
"But It Is said that, as a matter of fact,
profits ar mad. In many oases, at any
rate, the oronls ar Imaginary. Too little
Is allowed for depredation, for rent, for
legal and clerical expenses.
Experience ia Mahtlasr.
"In many cases In electrio lighting an
undue amount Is charged to street light
ing; In tramways too much Is charged U
street Improvements; In housing schemes
the cost of th land Is sometimes tal:en
below the cost price, and so on.
"Still, taking th accounts as given, th
number of electric light undertakings
which have been working for twelve
months Is 190. The capital expenditure
has been 12.500.000. on which a loss Is
admlted-'of 11,707.
"The ampunt put to depreciation, more
over, was only szo.ouu, wnicn is no-
surd; if we add the amount of capital
repaid 205,000 the amount Is still un
der 2 per cent, which Is certainly too lit
tie to write off in such a business.
"The ace-unts pf forty-eight municipal!
ties working tramways show that only
hlrteen make any contribution to the
rates, seventeen make no depreciation al
lowance and only eleven over 1 per cent
We all know how disastrous the steamers
of the London cpunty council hav been
and continue to be.
"It Is no answer to say that prlvat
companies also make mistakes and lose
money. No doubt they do; It is Inevita
ble and is an adltlonal argument, not for,
but against municipal trading; but the
difference is that In one cas they ar
Vising their own money, In tha other lhat
of the ratepayers."
"It will be supposed that In the matter
of gas supply, if in nothing else, munici
pal management would be able to com
pare favorably with private or company
enterprise. Comparative returns without
exception show the contrary.
Cost of Gas to Consumer.
It is necessary in fairness to mak due
allowance in making comparisons for
nearness to coal fields and th consequent
local price of coal. We find that In Man
chester (municipalised) the price of gas is
58 cents per 1,000 feet. The South Metro
politan Gas company of London (prlvat
company) charges BO cents per 1,000, al
though the price of coal In London is con
siderable higher than in Manchester.
The Manchester municipality reports an
annual profit to the city of $330,000 on its
gas works. If the London company charged
the same price as Manchester Its custom
ers would hav to pay $1,040,000 trior a
year for gas. If Manchester charged th
same price as the London company their
customers would pay $395,000 a year less and
the so-called profit would be turned Into
a loss of fi6,000.
In Salford, a great suburb of Manchester,
gas Is supplied by a private company for
cents per 1,000 less than In the larger
city.
Nottingham and Sheffield are Identically
situated as regards coal supply. In Not
tingham gas is supplied by the city; In
Sheffield by a private company. Fifteen
years ago the prlc of gas was the earn
in both cities. In Nottingham th prlc
has gona up; In Sheffield It baa gone down,
until now It Is 63 cants per 1,000 In the
former and $4 cents In the latter.
Rate on Tramway.
It is in th management of tramways
that most credit is claimed for municipal
trading experiments In Great Britain.
Lord Avebury analyses th so-called suc
cesses, and the result becomes quit an
other story.
There ar In London two tramway sys
terns, on north of th Thames, the other
south of th river, The county council be
es me possessed of both In 1900.
The capital value was approximately the
same, $4,260,000 on th north, $1,480,000 on
th south. Tb council leased th northern
lines to a company and worked the south'
em lines Itself.
During tb period, th council has elec
trified th southern line, which has slightly
Interfered with their working, but th re-
suit of five years operations 1 Instructive.
The fares have been th aam on both.
Th council figure out a profit for th
five years on it line of 019,600. During
the some period th leasees of th northern
line have paid the city $068,000. But, as
Lord Avebury point out, even th claims
of the ocuncil to a profit of $119,500 will not
bear examination.
The auditor of th Local Government
Board has objected to the Insufficiency of
the sum set asldo for renewals, etc., and 'to
the method by which only one-third of the
cost of street widening for tramways I
charged to tramway account. Th sum
sot aside for depreciation Is only 11 per
cent The sinking fund amounts to only
t per cent., so the total allowance for re
newals and depreciation Is only I per cent.
a totally Inadequate allowance according to
ordinary business standards.
Moreover, nothing at all has been debited
for central office charges, these expenses
having been charged to the council's ordl
nary expenditure. If these proper deduc
tions had been made. Lord Avebury points
out, the Imaginary profit would have been
turned Into a loss. But after this lamenta
ble experience the council ha decided not
to lease the southern lines to a company.
but to take over th working of th north
ern lines themselves.
The foregoing form a very small part of
th revelatlor which hav recently been
made In the matter of municipal trading la
Great Brit lan. It need hardly be sntd that
the effect, combined with the heavy In
cress in local taxation, ha been to caua
a sharp repulsion In publlo feeling on th
subject.
It Is th writer's purpose to discuss other
phases of th matter In future articles, and
meant'm th development of th London
municipal campaign will b Well worth
watching. H. R. C.
Mxl After Uaashler.
EL PASO. Tex., Feb. I. Eduaro Arnold,
mayor of Cananea, Mex., his brother and
forty Americans have been lodged In Jail
by th prefect of Hermoslllo for gambling
and permitting gambling in Cananea after
Oevernor Ysabel had ordered It closed.
Th mayor's brother was operating
gambling house. It Is charged.
WIZARDS OF MECHANICAL ART -L t - 1 1 ; rrr-
Easing 'Phones and BerAfceeplng Devices
Without Book , Pant or Ink.
SENDING OUT RECEIVING TYPEWRITERS
All Tkes Weaaer aag More Will
fie Exhibition at the
at CIlaaa.
Bookkeeping without books, without pens
and Ink, without vn a bookkeeper, yet
with mor aoourat results and a better
understanding all around, seems a bit vis
ionary, but thla Is exactly what will be
shown at th National Business show to be
held at th Coliseum, Chicago, during the
wk of March 19 to 23. Mechanlosl book
keeping, long talked of and scoffed at by
many as impossible, is at least a reality,
and a demonstration of th efficiency of
in iaea win b given at th national show,
detailing and explaining how th books
may b kept, records mad, balances ar
rived at, and th ntlr transactions of a
hug institution or a bank may b kept
aceurauiy and perfectly, ntlrly by ma
ooln and without th stroke of a pen or
a single bit of manual work being done.
The work of fifty bookkeepers will be don
by oa machine with th supervision of ono !
man who will b skilled in mechanic
rather than figures. Thla Is but on of tb
wonders to be shown at the exposition.
Anotner startling thing that will be on
exhibition Is a machine that will work won
ders In correspondence. By means of this
machine it will be possible for every busi
ness man to have an automatic stenog
rapher, offioe boy and mailing clerk. All
he Will have to do Is to press a button,
take up a tube and begin to talk. The ma
chine will make a record of what he has
said, typewrite It, and make a press copy,
loia, insert, seal and stamp It ready for
the mall man, thus doing away with steno.
raphers, typewriters, office boys, with a
multiplicity of grandmothers in th base
ball season, and manv other Aniiu nf th
office. This is not a dream, but a reailtv.
Seeing- Telephone.
The "seeing telephone" is another twen
tieth century wonder that will be shown.
By means of this device it is possible to
aee the features of the person you are talk
ing to. Colore and facial expressions will
be distinguishable at any distance. This
machine is known as the "Tellvue" and
makes it possible to see while talking.
A machine that stores telephone conver
sation and reproduces it afterward upon
demand in legible characters la still an
other wonder worker that will be shown.
Thi device, it is claimed, can be at
tached to any telephone, so that when one
person calls Up another over the 'phone
both sides of the conversation will be
accurately recorded so that it may be
placed In the flies or called up later on
to settle disputes or for use In court. The
Inventor of the machine says he will do
wonderful things with It and says he will
do a great deal for the modern newspaper.
A reporter calling up his office will tell bis
story to th telephone, which will make
an accurau record of what he aays, repro
duce it ready for setting, thus saving great
annoyance and loss of time.
Still another Invention to be seen Is th
ustlfylng typewriter, which will mak a
matrix from which printing plates may be
made at once. According to the exhibltoe,
any six or styl of type can be used In
connection with It and on writing does
th whole thing. Linotype machines and
typesetting machines will become memories
of the past when this comes into general
use. Newspapers will be produced on type
writers, he says, for all a man will have
to do then la to write the story once, send
the . matrix down to be stereotyped and
In a fraction of time it will be ready for
printing.
A freak typewriter that will draw plc
tures, write In any language under the
sun, make astronomical and geometric
signs, lines and angles, "write" ship curves
and. do other stunts that are astounding
will be shown to the publlo here for the
first time. This machine will literally pro
duce a picture in colors and then explain
or describe it in every known language and
shorthand.
Freak Typewriters.
Sending and receiving typewriters are
other things to be seen here. A machine
will be on exhibition that to all appearances
Is a typewriter, pure and simple. When
an operator sits down to write a message.
it not only transcribes that message on
paper, but telegraphs it letter for letter
as It is written. At the other end la the
reverse of this machine, which receives
the message letter for letter and writes it
down exactly as the original Is being writ
ten. As many machines can be connected
On a line as are desired, and a man writ
ing a telegram In New York may simultan
eously write the same message In every
city all the way to Ban Francisco.
Interest In the show is centering around
the various speed contests to be held and
so far women have outstripped the men In
making entries for prises. Last year there
were a number of men entered, but tb"
were beaten by the girls. This year few
men are entering and th number of young
ladles desiring to compete is In excess of
the number last year. Miss Rose L. Frits,
undisputed champion typewriter operator
of the world, will defend her title and
from press nt Indications all of her com
petitora will be young women. Women
hav also excelled In all other tests, and.
this year the contests hav narrowed down
to th fair sea exclusively.
A great many lnqulrl hav been made
by foreign governments regarding the show
and as thl is the great national event of
the business world it is attracting more
than a usual amount of attention. Space i
haa been taken rapidly and when the doors
open they will open on th largest show
of Its kind ever held In business history.
Humphreys' Seyenty
ScTcn Cures Colds and
First Aid to the Injured
First aid to the injured is not more
Important than the first and especially
the prompt treatment of Grip; "Seventy-Seven"
taken early, it cuts, it
short; taken during an epidemic, it
pre-occuptes the system and repels the
invasion; taken while suffering, quick
relief is given. The long continued
weakness and despondency caused by
the Grip, finds no better remedy than
"77."
Colds which are obstinate, that "bang
on" and do not yield to treatment, find
relief from "77."
"77" fits the vest pocket.
At druggists, cents or mailed.
Humphreya' Homeo. Medicine Co., Cor.
1 William and Jean Streets. New York.
arc
bnt a
One
efiJ
MJc
D
Leave your ad at any drug store, or phone The
Bee-Douglas 238, and a man will call for it.
Within everybody's reach reaches everybody
iif bargain want-ad prices
not a tofe
plain Emskss propesitoM
WE want your want-ads. You want re
sults at the least possible cost. The
best results come from a want-ad that tells
all the other party wants to know. Most
want-ads are "skimped'V-- they tell only half
enough, trying to save a line or two, so we
have made it easy to say enough in your
ad to advertise right at no greater cost to
you. Think of it! We offer to run
REE
n
WANT-AD
time Three times Seven time
2d
UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADS mmammxm
Help Wanted, For Rent
Rooms, For Sale, Business
Chaoces, Miscellaneous,
Situations Wanted, Wanted
V
to Buy, Wanted to Kent
MAV DE INSERTED IN tBaaasMssixsamiauBSMrjBn
illy
mm
45 c
s
I
v
4M
(i
SlV: