F
Glimpse Behind the Scenes
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(Coprrlght, 1907, tr Frank O. Carpenter.)
AisuihiK, Morocco, Jan. 24. (Spe
cial Correspondence of The Bee.)
Come behind the scenes and
take a look, at Mulal Abd-el-
Ails, the sultan of Morocco. He
Is the ruler of the best part of northwest
ern Africa, and his empire la almost one
twelfth the slse of the whole United States.
More than 10.000,000 Berbers and Moors look
upon him with reverence, and the great
powers of Europe are courting him with
a desire to get hold of bis country and
trade.
The latest photograph of the young mon-
arch 'now lies before me. It represents a
tall atbletlo young man, clad In a long
white burnous, the garment worn by the
gentlemen, of Morocco. By talks with his
officials and some Europeans I can piece
out the picture. The sultan la Just 2
years of age, and he has aU the strength
of fMll.hlnnrfP vn.,h 7T ,. . mmirtv
white complexion, and his face, which la
slightly bloated, bears the marks of small-
pox, which he bad years ago. He has a
straight nose, a large mouth, a long upper
lip and a chin which slightly recedes. Uke
all his people, he never shaves his face, but
his full Jeard of curly black Is so thin that
it does not show much In the picture. He
has rather a blase air, and in ordinary con-
versatlon wears a bored look. He seems
to have sucked the orange of power and
luxury dry and to care more to take things
easy and have a good time than to rule.
Indeed, I 'understand that he would be
glad to leave the throne and that he thinks
the game of governing a country as turbu-
lent as this la not worth the candle. He
la fast losing prestige with his own people
by consorting with foreigners, and were it
rot for his position as regards the Mo- 1
hammedan religion he would have to step
down and out.
j-
Ilelated to Mohammed.
All the rest of the Mohammedans of the
world acknowledge some kind of allegiance
to the sultan of Turkey. ThJs Is so of our
Moroe and of the fifty odd million Mussul-
mans of India, and also of the lesser num- themselves up to rejoicing. The chiefs of
ber In Turkey and Egypt. These Moors the various tribes are then supposed to
will not let that sultan send a repreaenta- send presents to the sultan, and in the past
tlve here. They acknowledge no alleglanoe 'vast sums have been so received. Some
to him, and they consider that only the tribes bring money often running into the
family of this young man has the right thousands of dollars, some horses and some
to the title of commander and ruler of the slaves, a negreas being a common gift,
faithful. During the present year the gifts were
Indeed, Mulai Abd-er-Asl is about the few and the horses poor. This was the
moat blue-blooded monarch on earth. He result of the recent rebellions and waa
Is the thirty-sixth lineal descendant of Alt, brought about by the association of the
the uncle and son-in-law of the prophet sultan with Europeans and the Jealousy
Mohammed, and he is the fifteenth monarch and distrust with which his people regard
In his own dynasty., His father waa the him. '
famed Mulal Hassan, who waa sultan for $ f
twenty-one years, during which he ruled Smltaa and the Chrlstlaast
with an iron hand. When about to die he Indeed, the sultan's tastes seem to be
chose his son to be his successor, although christian rather than Mohammedan. He Is
he had other and older brothers. Mulal's fond of western methods, and he would? If
mother was a Circassian slave imported he could, introduce them into his empire,
from Turkey. He has made some attempts to do so, but
$ i his people object, and this Is one cause of
RellKtoae Read. his unpopularity. He Is, notwithstanding.
The sultan of Morocco is the high priest an Independent young man and persists In
of the religion of this country aa well aa Its courting the favor of the foreigners. I am
chief execuUve. He Is called the great told that he spends a part of every day
Iman, and Is like the emperor of China In with Europeans, and that he Is not at all
that he prays for all. He Is also somewhat exclusive ln his selection of them. One
like the cxar of Russia, who Is head of both hlgh-claas Moor complains to me that his
church and state. majesty allows common merchants and
One of the sultan's chief elements of other tradesmen to come to the palace, and
strength Is the power of conferring blCss- others tell me that he haa spent millions of
Ings, which haa come down to him from dollars on all sorts of foreign nlcknacks
Mohammed. He Is supposed to have this which some of his Christian friends have
direct from God, and If any other man begged him to buy.
of hla family could make the people be- One of his extravagances Is a camera of
lleve that he had this power In greater solid sold, which cost him $10,000. At the
degree, he could easily raise a rebellion and same time he bought $2,000 worth of print
oust Mulal Abd-el-Amli from the (hrone. Ing paper and $33,000 worth of other sup-
Thls was attempted by Bu Mamara, the
Judge Slabaugh and His Lale Office Force
IHB outgoing of Judge W. W.
Slabaua-h and his assistants com-
plctes an administration marked
l'lvV by great achievements in the
Ci y'f cjinty aiuarneVa wmoa. Two
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JUDGE SLABAUGH AN HIS ASSISTANT WHILE IN THS COUNTT ATTORNET'S OFFICE OF DOUGLAS COUNTT.
TANGIER FROM THSJ ROOFS.
i
ap - calied son of the She-Aaa. who falaely
claimed to be an elder brother of the sul
tan, and who, by sleight-of-hand tricks,
made the people think he was performing
miracles. He got up a revolution, and the
soldiers broke out Into an Insurrection,
notwithstanding their officers gave them a
flogging and dusted out their mouths with
red pepper vfor speaking against his
majesty. This Bu Hammara wa event
ually put down. I understand, however.
that the rebellion was quelled by a oompro-
mlae, and that the aon of the She-Ass has,
like Ralsoull, been bribed with a fat office.
and that he is now ruling a large section
of country. This would seem to be a prem-
turn on a second rebellion.
Baerlfleea for Hla People.
The emperor of China has a number of
wh," he e" out ln Pekm to ,h
Au"r 01 Heaven and performs sacrifices
for the who,e C1'" '"" This young
,uItan aM the Bame k!nln a 8heeP on
every BaJram- or Mohammed Baster. At
"me a MOOnBn amiiy is
uPPe offer up sacrifices and it is
etlmte,l that aa many as J0.000 sheep
ar kllled on that flay ,n the of Fe-
,neP ar brought ln from the sur-
rounding country and mutton rises ln places
to ucn n extent that a good fat ram or
w w111 brln If were ,n Amer-
,c the roarket would surely be cornered,
Tne 'beep killing la started by the sultan,
aurrounded by a large concourse of people,
ne of the holy preachers first slnga out a
sermon, after which the sheep Is handed
v" to his majesty. He cuts its throat
a" the blood gushas forth, the bands
P18 and the cannons thunder. The news
Bnt out all over the city and thereupon
the sacrificing begins, extending to all parts
of Morocco.
Bslram Is the great festal occasion of all
the year. The Moors then come put in
their good clothes, the soldiers have new
uniforms and the . people, who, like good
Mohammedans, have been fasting through-
out Ramazan, which Is rthelr ' Lent, give-
plies. lUm photographio outnt, in aaaiuon
hundred and twenty-five convictions ln one
term. Including fourteen muraer cases ana
one case for unlawful restraint of trade,
Is the high water mark for criminal prose-
outlets In Douglas ceuuqr.' JourVeaa civil
W J 1 ,1 1
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tite omaita
to the camera, cost him all told $36,000, a
large part of which went, aa a matter of
course. Into the pockets of those who
ordered It.
Another extravagance Is a bedstead of
crystal mirrors with pendants like a chande
lier. I understand that he sees three Im
ages of himself whenever he crawls Into
bed, and that the pendants Jingle when he
turns over.
The sultan haa bicycles made of alum
.lnum, and he delights in playing bicycle
polo with his friends. He learns all sorts
of games easily, and can do no end of bi
cycle tricks. He will ride up a steep plank
and down again, and In his polo games his
ruined several fine wheels by crashing into
the walls.
The sultan has a number of automobiles,
a London hansom and a coach of state.
There are no roads In this country, and
these things are practically useless. His
gold coach, which cost many thousands of
dollars, now lies outside the palace at the
mercy' of the weather. '
Recent Progress in the Field
N la Kara Falls Por.
HE DECISION of Secretary of
War Taft on the question of Im
porting electrical power from the
Canada side of Niagara falls
and the diversion of water for
m
power purposes on the 'American side of
the river Is in the nature of a compromise.
He did not grant all the power companies
afckedj and granted more than the scenic
tlefenders of the great cataract considered
the maximum for Its preservation.
Permission was granted to Import 160,000
horse-power of electricity, divided among
four companies. Definite limits were also
fixed on the amount of water American
companies and the Erie canal may divert
from the river.
In concluding a resume of the various In
vestigations which have been made of the
questions and the Intent of the Burton act
Secretary Taft says:
"I have reached the conclusion that with
the diversion of 15,600 cubic feet on the
American side and the transmission of
160,000 horse-power from the Canadian side
the scenic grandeur of the falls will not be
affected substantially or perceptible to the
eye."
The permits granted will be effective
for three years. If at the end of six months
from the time of actual operation under the
permits no depreciation In the beauty of the
falls Is shown the permits may extended.
Another announcement In the decision
Is that Secretary Taft will appoint a com
mittee, consisting of Charles F. McKIm,
the architect; Frederick L. Olmstead, Jr.,
of Boston, landscape gardener, and Frank
D. Millet, the artist, to go to the falls and
gather material for a report looking toward
harmonizing commercial buildings there,
particularly the power plants, with the
natural beauties. On this subject Mr. Taft
says:
"I conceive It to be within my power to
impose conditions upon the granting of
these permits, compliance with which will
remedy the unsightly appearance that Is
given the American side of the canyon Just
below the falls, where the tunnel of the
Niagara Falls Power company discharges
and where the works of the Hydraulic com
pany are placed:
"The representative of the American
Civic association has properly described
the effect upon the sightseer of the view
toward the canyon to be that of looking
cases were tried In the supreme court.
among tnem Being tne aireci primary iaw,
the sheriff's fee and the Inheritance tax
case, which latter case was prosecuted by
Judge BUbaugu in his own nuie. and upon
f)
sundat bee: januak?
With the
TUB SULTAN'S LATEST PHOTOGRAPH.
In the meantime the sultan's foreign
friends who have ordered these things for
him are making fat fortunes, and they are
working the young man for alj he is worth.
Every foreign thing he subscribes to costs
him ten times what it Is worth, and his
ministers and foreign friends absorb the
profits. They are already rolling ln luxury,
and everyone about him steals both from
him and his people.
I am told that the whole Income of Mo
rocco has gone Into extravagant expendi
tures. The empire pays something like
$5,000,000 a year and Is now several hun
dred thousand dollars ln debt.
In Debt on Million" a Year.
One of the Europeans here tells me he
thinks that the sultan haa salted down a
pretty penny of this for a rainy day, and
another courtier says that he Is, strange
to say, almost mean In the expenditures
which come out of his own Immediate
treasury. - He will quibble about an outlay
of $100 If the money la to be paid down on
Into the backyard of. a house negligently,
kept. For the purpose of aiding me In de
termining what ought to be dona to remove '
this eyesore. Including the appearance of
the buildings at the top, I shall appoint a
committee consisting of Charles F. McKIm,
Frank D. Millet and F. L. OlmRteod to ad
vise me what changes, at an expense not
out of proportion to the extent of the In
vestment, can be made which will put the
aide of the canyon at this point from bottom
to top ln natural harmony with the falls
and the other surroundings and will con
ceal as far as possible the raw commercial
aspect of the surroundings."
Advances In Electrle. IJalitlna.
It has long been known that for the de
gree of illumination which It affords i the
Incandescent lamp consumes more current
than any other device for lighting with
electricity. Many attempts have been made
to remedy the fault without abandoning
the principle of Incandescence. In some
of these ventures, reports the New York
Tribune, an entirely different substance has
been employed ln th filament. With mag
nesia and the rare metals, tantalum, os
mium and tungsten, a fair degree of success
baa been attained, though in one case the
original simplicity of the mechanism has
been sacrificed and in the others the ma
terial of which the thread Is composed
Is more costly than the one for which it
is substituted, v
Experiments have also been mode with
the object of getting more light. If possible,
out of carbon Itself. By depositing a coat
of graphite on the filament a trifling gain
ln this respect has already been effected
and other Incidental advantages have been
secured. The results thus attained, how
ever, are apparently not comparable with
those which Prof. Herschel C. Parker of
Columbia university and Walter G. Clark
say they have secured. By coating a flla-,
ment with something which they call
"hellon" a compound the nature of which
has not been fully divulged these elec
tricians report that they are able to ob
tain as much light as the old Incandescent
lamp gives with only about one-fourth as
much current, and that the durability of
the filament, on which the term of Its ubo
fulneKS depends, Is sensibly Increased.
If the expectations which have been ex
cited ln the Columbia laboratory are borne
out ln commercial practice a notable ad
his own motion and won, whereby Douglas
county alone haa profited by $S0,00O, and
more to come ln the future, to be used for
Improving the public highway and decreas
ing the burden of tax upon the people
This law had been upon the statutes of Ne
braska for three years, auii never disturbed
ln Its slumber. Lawyers said it was un
constitutional and Judges concurred, but
Judge Slabaugh convinced the supreme
court his view was correct. A case in
vxJving l-lpO-fl taxes was , prosecuted and
won In the United States circuit court for
Under luruier cuuuly attorneys the fee
oihces of Dougloa couuty were permuted to
Yun loose ana to collect or credit as taucy
might UauUtiu to me otucUL Uy this '
lent Doulaa couuty has been depnveU oi
the use of thousands uf dollars wtiiuh
should have been puid Into the county
treuuury. Judge Slabaugu's olllce lighted
tills liagianl wrong and djrlnt the Usi
year the county profiled by thousand of
dollars from tun ten uRloea. Under direc
tion of the oouuty boaid lie staned several
suits ogaihsi former orncUla to collect un
reported and earned fees, which cases are
sow pending In the district court.
The orbce did much to brliig about a good
government fur lpuglaa .county, and all
this was accomplished without extra cost
to the county for counsel. Judge Slabaugh
attributes his success in a large measure
to his method of conducting the office. He
marshalled his forces together ln one suite
of rooms, and at great personal expense In
the way of ofhee rent kept them in readi
ness to answer the needs of the otTVe and
to work for the people. By this system he
and his deputies were always ln touch and
ln council upon every Important case.
Mooted questions were threshed out In tlte
office and the views of all were considered
and weighed before action was taken In a
case.
The force consisted of Arthur 11. Mur
dock. Fred W. Fiuh. CtiarU-s E. Foster
and Frauklln A. hhotwell, deputies; Lewis
Grebe, messenger, and Blanche Zlmnian,
SUnugraphar.
27, 1907.
Young
the nail and at the same tlnie will dash
off, without thinking,., an order for one of
his custom houses to pay a sum of $10,000
or more.
Anyone who understands the Jealousy and
hatred which these Moors have for Chris
tians can easily see how unpopular such
actions on the part of their sultan must be.
The better classes are no fools, and It Is
hard for them to respect even a sultan
who does such foolish and Irreligious
things. They are opposed on Mohammedan
grounds to pictures and photographs and It
Is almost Impossible to get them to pose
before the camera. With this view the
sultan's golden kodak is ln striking con
trast, and the fact that he Is really a good
photographer does not better the matter.
They do not approve of his buying a yacht
and having it carried Inland to Fes to be
played with on the little river near there,
and they are angry at the crown he or
dered at a cost of $100,000 or so. It Is
against the Mohammedan religion for the
sultan to wear a crown, and his people as-
of Electricity
vance ln electric lighting will be witnessed.
Whether the color of the "helion" light,
which la said to be a pure white, will be
as well liked as the orange- tint of the
present lamp remains to be seen. As yet
It Is impossible to tell much about the cost
of the new device. Though it has been
Intimated that the materials of which
"lieilon" is composed are abundant and In
expensive, the process of manufacturing
It and applying It to the filament must be
considered. There are other questions to
be determined also by the test of use on
an Important scale, but, on the whole, the
public seems Justified In awaiting further
information with a good deal of interest.
Electricity on French Farms.
The use of electric energy for the opera
tions of the farmer is shown in La Nature,
which describes the works, at Voyenne in
the department of Alsne. A company was
formed ln 1904 under the auspices of M.
Gentlllles to take power from three Brrmll
waterfall and to generate about 00-horse
power by this means for distribution
throughout the district. In addition to the
hydraulic power, tho company have a
steam engine of luo-horse power. By refer
ence to a plan the main lines of transmis
sion are described. The current Is gener
ated ln three power stations and is sup
plied to thirteen villages. Turbines are
used to drive alternators which furnish
trlphase current at 3,200 volts, with fifty
periods per second. Current is employed
both for light and power, and Its uses on
the farms for grinding, threshing, cake
crushing and other like purposes, are
shown by means of photographs. A graphlo
diagram Indicates the total consumption
of electric energy in kilowatt hours for
each month from the start In June, 1905,
until August of the present year. The
maximum delivery of energy waa Ln June
last with 4H4.5 kilowatt hours, when a
total of nineteen motors were in use with
an aggregate power of 97. Ou kilowatts say,
133.6-horse power. The price charged for
power was 0.60 franc per kilowatt hour, If
the annual consumption reaches (00 kilo
watt hours, beyond this total a reduction
is made of 6 per cent. ' Many details are
given of the cost of threshing, etc., by
power thus supplied. All the wires are
overhead, and the high-tension electricity
is reduced at the points it Is used to, 110
volts by transformers placed ln boxes
mounted on four poles.
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Three Veterans of Iowa Stage Coach Days
lOWA FALLS, la., Jan. It. (Spe
cial.) Few cities or towns of the
country have living within their
confines three veterans of the old
stage days ln Iowa. In this city.
however, are found three men, well ad
vanced In years, yet hale and hearty, who
were associated with the stage service ln
this part of the state before the advent of
the railroads.
These three men are Thomas I. McChes
ney, William Burgess and George W.
Payne. Mr. McChesney was probably the
best known over the state, as he was In
charge of various routes from time to time,
and from Iowa City to Fort Dodge and
from Cedar Falls and Dubuque to Des
Moines he waa known by the traveling
public. Many are the tales he tells of his
experiences ln blazing new routes across
the prairies of Iowa ln those early days.
Mr. McChesney Is now living In retirement
in this city and enjoying his latter days
free from the turmall of business Ufa.
After quitting the stage company he en
gaged ln farming and for years was en
gaged In tilling the soil and stock raising
on the South Fork, in this county.
William Burgess, who is well known to
the traveling public of later days, as well
aa in the earlier times, is conducting a feed
stable In this city. "Billy" Burgess, as he
Is familiarly and well known, seems as
hale and hearty as twenty years ago.
When the Central completed Its line to
this city In 1S6 Billy decided to engage In
the 'bus and transfer buslnest, and for
years he handled passenger, freight and
mail and express between the depots and
town. All over Iowa are men and women
who remember "Billy" Burgess and his
brusque manner, large-hearted nature and
jovial disposition.
The third of this trio of pioneers of ths
old stage days is George W. Payne, who
probably holds the record of wielding the
rax or longer than any other tonaorlaj
avrtist In tha state. When tha railroads put
frm
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Sultan of
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MOORISH DELEGATES OF THE SULTAN TO THIS ALGECIRA3 CONFERENCE.
peclally objected to his coronation coach. '
A Moor's home life la not supposed to be
known outside of his Immediate family,
and no European has ever seen the sul
tan's harem. I doubt whether any Mo
hanfmedan man except his own eunlchs has
ever crossed Its threshold, and It would be
very Improper to ask his majesty as to the
health of the multitudinous women of his
household. Nevertheless, gossip gets out In
one way or another and I am able to give
you some pictures of Mulal's harem.
By the Mohammedan religion he haa the
right to four wives, and no end of concu
bines. His palaces are large and the sultan '
himself lives on the first floor. In a suite
of big rooms, at the four corners of which
his twives &ve their apartments. Each
wife has her own establishment, but all are
subject to the rule of certain slave women,
called a r if as, negro concubines who were
especially favored by Mulal Hassan, this
sultan's father.
The sultan's real wives must be chosen
from the different branches of the royal
family, so "that the sultan Is forced to
marry his cousins. This Is not so bad as la
the case In Slam, where the king marries
his sisters.
Saltan's Secondary 'Wives.
The customs of this country as regards
the monarch are much the same as those
of several principalities of the far east.
The king of Slam can call any woman ln
the country to serve In his palace, no mat
ter If she be wife, mother or daughter; and
the emperor of China selects his wives
from the daughters of the Manchu nobles,
who are sent Into the palace to be picked
over. I was present In Peking when the
present emperor married three wives, the
old empress dowager making the selection.
The sultan of Morocco Is frequently pre
sented with secondary wives or concubines
by his tribal chiefs. The girls are often
sent up for his approval, and especially at
Balram, and he can select such for his
household establishment as may take bis
fancy. In addition to this he has a large
number of coal black negresses who have
been purchased from time to time ln the
local slave markets, and also other women
imported from the orient.
Inside tho Palace.
The sultan has many palaces. He haa
quarters ln nearly every town In hla do
minion and the governor's establishment
here ln Tangier belongs to him. He has
three different capitals; one In southern
Morocco, one in central Morocco and an
other at Fez. The latter Is the largest, and
everything there Is managed on a vast
scale. The palace Is surrounded by walls.
It Is ln the Dar-fel-Makhxen, where all tho
government officials live. The buildings
contain no end - of bed rooms) and living
rooms, as well as a large kitchen and dairy.
They swarm with servants, both male and
female. The kitchens are managed by ne
gro cooks and among the other men serv
ants are the "men of the bath," "men of
the tea" and "men of tho water." There
are also "men of the bed' 'and "men of the
mat. The bath men have to do with the
Imperial chamber, the tea men make the
Imperial tea, using the beat of the green
leaves and scenting them with mint. The bed
men have charge of the sultan's tent when
he camps, and the mat men bring his prayer
rug and spread it out for him when his
times for prayer come. In addition to these
there are negro men slaves who take charge
of the sultan's horses and mules; there are
others who walk behind him when he goes
out for an airing to flick off the flies; and
a third set who carry the Imperial parasol
to shut out the rays of the sun.
the stages out of business Mr. Payne de
cided to return to the trade he had learned
In his old home ln Saratoga Springs, N. T.,
before he came west to rough It on the
brood expanse of Iowa's prairie land. Mr.
Payne opened the first barber shop ln Iowa
Falls and has been continuously at It ever
since. He Is still active and each day
finds him at work. Like his associates of
the early days, he Is full of reminiscences
of the good old times when they "staged
It" from Cedar Falls to Fort Dodge.
All three of these men have lived to see
a veritable transformation ln Central Iowa,
T. A. MrChen- Billy
711REE VETERAN 3 OF STAGE
Morocco
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In the harem Itself, or rather la his owa
private apartments, the sultan is attended
by women only. His servants are ooncu
bines and slaves. Like the men servants,
they are organized Into clasoes, and each!
slave has her special Job. He has "girls ot
the wash basin," "girls of the soap" and!
"girls of the towel." There la one set oC
females who help him at his bath and an
other whose business It Is to serve hla
meals. His majesty now eats alone, al
though, as long as his mother was alive,
he took his meals with her. He eats with)
his fingers, and I doubt not In so dolnc
considers himself more cleanly than you or
t. The Mohammedans have a saying that
every one knows whether he has washed
bis fingers, but no one can tell who has)
washed the knives and forks
Before eating the sultan laves his hands
In scented water, and he repeats this
custom at the close of his meal. His food
Is so cooked that it can be easily broken,
and much of his meat Is served In small
bits. His chief meal Is at midday. He also
takes something on rising and a light sup
per In the evening.
Hard Worked YoaaaT Man.
As far as can be learned the sultan has
soft snap. He works only In the morning
and devotes the afternoon to bis foreign
friends, to playing polo, billiards, blcyollng
r ln any other amusement which may;
suit him, while his evenings are spent with)
his numerous family. He rises early,
drinks a cup of ooffee and then says hla
prayera in doing the latter he faced
Meoca and goes through all tho motions,
according to the most rigid Mohammad an
rules. He has a mosque In his palace)
grounds and goes to church every Friday,
At the close of the morning devotions
his majesty goes from his palace to tha
great buildings where he holds his court,
and where the various officials have their
offices. Here he enters a small ' room
which Is off by Itself and sends for such)
of his ministers as he desires to see. Ho
leaves his work largely to bis officials and
does no more than ha can help. At noon
he stops and has dinner, after which ha
takes a smoke and a sleep, rising about
o'clock. He frequently has muslo In hla
pal ace 4 and Is said to play well on tha
violin and guitar. Ha has more than 100
musicians and all sorts of Instruments. Ha
has a piano and be drums upon this at
times, his mother having taught him to
Play.
Tha sultan la well educated from a
Moorish standpoint. He can recite a great
part of the Koran and Is well up In Mo
hammedan law. He gets papers from all
parts of the world and haa a clipping bu
reau, which furnishes him with extraota
on, all matters relating to Morocco.
-Fast
Losing His Power.
Tha sultan haa a cabinet, oonststfhg of
a grand vtsler, a secretary of state, a
secretary ot the Interior and a secretary)
of war. He has also a chief chamberlain,
a chief treasurer and a chief adminis
trator of customs. Ha has bad an army
af 10,000 or 16.000 men, and at times aa
many aa 20,000 troops ln different parts ot
Morooco. I understand that tha soldiers
are armed with good weapons and It at
they have a few batteries af field guns.
Within tha last year the army seems to
have grown weaker and weaker. The re
bellion of Bu Hamara, tha capture ot
Perdloarte and tha enforced ransom on the
part of tha sultan by Ralsull. together with
tha foreign complications, have made hla
majesty so unpopular that his support Is
drifting away from him, Hla power Is, in
deed, on tha wane; and It remains to be
seen whether In time he will not have a
successor. FRANK Q. CARPENTER,
and as the sun of life near tha western
horizon majiy are the dreams of the past
that come to them as they look back over
tha last forty years and contrast the
changes from the days when they drew
reins over soma of the finest horseflesh
that ever trotted euros e the state and
transported passengers from outpost to out
post of early Iowa civilization to these
latter days of steam cars and Interurbans.
The change Is a marked one and few are
able to look back and view them ln tha
light that Is vouchsafed the Ute oC tha
good old stage days of long ago.
Burgess. George W. Payne,
COACH DAT 8 IN IOWA
f
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