V
BiM's-Eye View of
aw W
is
BERBERS FROM
(Copyright, 190, by Frank O. Carpenter.)
ANGIKH, Morocco, Jan. 10.Spe
cial Correspondence of The bee.)
Stand with me at this, the chief
gate of Morocco, and take a bird's
eye view of the country. We are
on the Atlantic const, at the northwestern
corner of the African continent and only
fifteen miles from Europe. The Strait of
Gibraltar begins just east of here, and the
I'lllars of Hercules are almost In view.
I can see the hills of Spain over the way,
and I know that the seat of the world's
civilisation Is not far beyond.
This country Is on the very edge of
Europe. It Is fat with natural resources,
and the great powers would like to gobble
, It up. France, Germany and England covet
' It, and It Is only the jealousy of each which
keeps off the others. On my way hers I
, called at Algeclras, Spain, where the con
J ference of the powers was held, and I find
' In Tangier the representatives of all the
j nations which formed a part of It. Our
i own American minister is now at Fes to
have an audience with the sultan and to
! officially welcome Morocco into our family
of nations. He went there with a large
caravan, guarded by soldiers sent by the
sultan, the Moorish government paying all
bills.
New Slater Is Coy,
But what kind of a creature Is this our
i new International sisterT I
In the first place, she is coy. She would
1 rather be let alone, and her bosom Is rag
ing over her international adoption. Never-
i ' ' ' ' ' WW r y . vt''
theless, the powers want her and her trade; Pendent races on earth. Some people sup- medans and they resent the foreign inva
for she Is rich and her country la one of Psp thorn to have emigrated from southern slon. They do not like to pay taxes, and
the best oarts of this continent. It t-
mo ueui parts y ims comment, it cx-
i , m . . . . . .....
CnU9 irOTTi l niB pOinC a Own tne AtUlIltlO
coast for a distance as great as from New
York to Pittsburg, and eastward for sevw
era! hundred miles along the Mediter-
ranean from Gibraltar to Algeria. It la is claimed that they have never been really sliver bullets and deposit them In his per
blgger than any country in Europe, ex- subdued. They an somewhat like the son." That tax has not yet been collected,
cepting Russia, and bigger than all New Bwiss In that they , have villages in the IThere are about 8,000,000 of these Berbers
England, added to the combined areas of
New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and West
Virginia.
Morocco Is a part of what was once
. called "Little Africa," the great section at
the northwestern end of that continent
Hhlch embraces -Morocco, Algeria and
Tfyilsla. reaching from west to east as far
as trom New York to Omaha, and every
where wider than from Philadelphia to
Boston. This land was named by the
Arabs Of the past the Western Islands.
It Is bounded on two sides by the waters
of the Atlantlo and the Mediterranean, and
on the ether by that sea of sand, the
' Desert Of Bahara. Of this Algeria and
Tunisia belong to the French and are
rapidly changing under the new civilisation.
The people are prosperous and the exports
Increasing. Morocco Is an Independent em
pire, and is still In the throes of the dark
ages.
A Country Going; to Waste.
How backward Morocco Is we shall never
realize until the -foreign powers step in
and begin to develop It, The soil is rich
and deep and a large part of It will raise Immediately after the lnpact. f" . " T. k V. ZZ.Z . '
the same crops as California. These foot The accident has Inspired the advocates boom, to which are attached the sUy. car
hills at the Atlas mountains might be the of the graceful, old fashioned bows to rylng the head sails. After the bowsprit
chief fruit garden of Europe, and there are rhapsodies over their advantages, aesthetic was no longer needed In steam vessels there
,reet plains In the south, which will raise and otherwise. The Kaiser Itself, they say. was a natural evolution toward tha
-,k.. ,,, ., -.0- i vt from worse disaster straight and cheaper bow. A very large
SWD vrs, Tt llua v. UBAIVJ auu IL ILVHn
, ' ,
r covered with tmBturea and th tM.ini
now rear thousands of sheep, cattle and
goata.
, . . . ,
Spain gets most of her meat from Moroo-
co. and as I look out of my window I can
ee them unloadlnir boatloads t W
which will be carried across to Gibraltar.
The cattle are taken out of the boats In a
ourlous way. The water Is so shallow that
lighters cannot come to the shore and
the beasts have to wad. There are no
landing arrangements and each animal ts
pried out by a long beam which Is thrust
under Its belly, while it Is held fast by two
sailors head and tail and stretched taut.
At Just tha right moment four other Moors
standing outside the boat in the water
press down on the opposite end of the
beam, raising the steer Into the air and
letting It slide down into the sea. It goes
In with a splash, comes up gasping and Is
led out to the shore by a rope tied to its
horns.
The sheep her are as fine as any In
Spain, and this might be one of the great
wool-producing countries of the world. I
am told that the land is rich In minerals
and that It has gold, stiver, copper and coal,
Geologically It is a part of tha Spanish
peninsula which has long been furnishing
minerals In great quantities. Morocco has,
however, never been prospected and no one
knows what it contains.
Think of a country six times aa big as
Ohio which has not one road fit for a wagon
or any wheeled vehicle, to say nothing
- w c "-""
of railroads or other means of oemmunlca-
tlon. Iet It have not one thrashing ma
chine, reaper or mower, and no farming
Implements but those which scratch tha
soil; let It hare bo markets worthy of
M.IU I M - .k. . -A A u 1 ,
I i , aeoDla ba robbed and oppressed' by their
. TIIhI'
officials, so that there Is almost no Incentive
to labor, and you hava soma Idea of tha
conditions In Morocco.
tha Matt Africa..
You can know DCtiplugi buwever, about
THE COUNTRY.
the situation until you consider the people.
These Moors are not like our negroes,
whose ancesters came from below her
across the Sahara In the lands bordering
the Gulf of Guinea. These people' are a
black as your boots, and as barbarous as
any tribes on the face of the earth. They
are low In Intelligence and are terribly do
based. These have brains which will com
pare with our own. They are Mohamme
dans, who believe In Allah and the prophet.
They are white and they wear' clothes.
Some of them are as well dressed" as any
Christian gentleman, and their clothes cost
more than ours. They have gowns of the
finest wool, undergarments of beautiful
cloth,, sashes of silk and shoes of fine yel
low leather. Their hands are soft and their
faces often handsome. There are many
red-haired and red-bearded men among
them. Their features sparkle with intel
ligence and they have most of the charac
teristics of the Caucasian race. About the
only black Africans here are those who
have been brought across the 0ert from
the Soudan to be Hold as slaves. There are,
however, many mulattoes, the offspring of
these negroes and the Moors.
Ab4ut the Ilerbers.
The population of Morocco, all told, is
about 10,000,000. A census has never been
taken, and By some the number Is esti
mated much higher. The majority of the'
people are Berbers or Kabyles, and after
them come the Arabs and Jews.
The Berbers are one of the most inde-"
Europe ages ago. It Is known that they
uu,ur,J o.nw.i vmn mc
u tv,
"no Ui tuo un- iiitj ruueiiauiauai,
and they fought again and again with the
Carthagenians and Romans. They have
been frequently conquered In battle, but It
mountains, and It would be almost tmpos-
Bible to 'reach them In time of war. Most
What Sort
EW YORK. Jan. 10. Speclal Cor-
N
rerx)nCence rf Th H - ' tradition fulnllswg element of rakishness mero. stem. The iTinzessin aiso naa mo
curving cutwater, or as the shell- Tone, and mere steel poles without a shred figurehead of the clipper and an elabora
. . .uov. u Hi.- cippi. 11 hi. Jf muslin In place of shapely masts, yards, tlon of the scroll work at the bows. The
..r tha roval mail eteamsiup
Oiinoco, which recently rammed t..e Ko.iu
ri..,. Tj..vri lin-r ki.m- wilhalin dr
Grosse off the French const, was instru- and that Is what counts with th average
mental in savin the German ship, the ex- passenger. And when one gets used to the
perte say, from more serious injury. If leviathans he rather likes them, provided
the Orinoco had had the straight stem It he ts unhampered with traditions,
doubtless would have wounded the Kaiser There Is no disputing the shellback's
below the water line, flooding at least on declaration that ships with the clipper
compartment, but probably no more, as stems were and are handsome. The orlgi
thelr doors were olosed from the brtdga W ' this form of bow was to give
" "J -
. ... . T --Hn Vflirx.r" it wa
to Its bow. Ita overhang; natiea lis way
as It smashed through the heavy plates
of the German and prevented It from being
... . ,,. 4V,. 11,,,
hurt below the danger Une.
The Orinoco Is one of a very small fleet
of ocean crossing passenger carriers that
hava ,he Btem that onc add'a beauty to
the most of tne great steamsiups ana kii
the clippers of the past, when America bad
a merchant marine of wlilch It was proud.
Two of the handsomest of modern liners,
the American steamships New York and
Philadelphia, have clipper bows with what
the nautical unitarian would call the added
anachronism of figureheads. These shlpe
are among the steadiest afloat and take on
less water forward In a heavy sea than
the straight stemmed liners, but they are
not In the greyhound class.
Believers In the straight stem say that It
is the natural evolution from the mere
P'iu. nd more economical In con-
eirucuon. it is iruv tutu, mo wa wv
under curving bows, but they Incidentally
ruin the features of a figurehead once In a
while and not Infrequently start a plate.
The knechlgh steel breakwaters on the
main deck forward of the elght-storled
liners usually take care of seas that topple
over the bows, and bow seas, anyhow, are
not to be considered so much as those that
smash over the sides or quarters. These
the ourved stemmed ships cannot avoid any
belter than the straight-bowed craft. Why
ndt go back to square sails, the utilitarians
say. If It Is an object ta have beauty and
. .w. . J
symmetry """" "
cargo ana passenger capacity r
The old Anchor liner City of Rome, orlg-
Inal'y In the Inman service, had splendid
lines and one of the finest clipper bows ever
fashioned, but It lacked the-modern ele-
m9nt of tthereatlveneas. Masslva Mn-
nels. through which some of th. clipper-
bowed vessels of the past were not too big
to sail; deckhouses piled one on another to
skyscraplng height; wall-like aides, per-
pendlcular, lofty and unlovely bows, do not
form the Idealist's vision of what a real
THE . OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: x JANUARY 13, 1007.
the Empire Which Foreign Powers Are
n r, a . i i
A, UOfO
A
MR. CARPENTER
of the mountain tribes today are of this
old Bprber race, and the same Is true of
tVe Tuaregs or the Sahara brigands.
These Berber people have a language of
their own and they once had their own re
ligion. Today they are about all Moham-
not long ago. when one of the sultan's
i-v .uui -
.Ai.i. a v. um. 4
viiu 4 la ucinnuucu uiv ivium ui v,
a certain tribe, the chief replied:
"If the sultan wants taxes let him come
himself for them. We will mold them into
In Morocco,
As to the Arabev these came In with the
9
i
i
of a Nose Should
ship should be. With the eye satisfying,
record holder
oooms nu b-".
seems to the retrospective old salt nothing
more than a floating notei. uut it is soua.
. ... ,,
BtiU banc on to the clipper bow. Including
. , , .
the nve-ma.ted uerman .tup. . iuca-
"'f' ..,., . ,
By the wrecking of the Hamburg-Amerl-
can line's steamship Prlnseasln Victoria
Lube, off Port Royal. Jamaica, the clipper
. ... 1 . . I.. V.l.
l""'""J""1 ' . . , .
it una uu toe nuvaiKN ui ma up w
liner with most of the comllnene of the
real clipper of the past. It had seen much
rough weather in Atlantlo passages and
had come through It all without mishap.
The consideration of expense did net enter
Into It. construction. It was built to be
a perfect excursion ship, to carry a 11m-
Ited number of passsengers. and Its de-
signer was Instructed to tnake It beautiful
Inside and out. Apparently he thought tha
eurvlng cutwater more becoming to a great
OF TSDT THOCaUJOT BBTBXir YXLXJkOEaV
A ....
AND HI3 MOHAMMEDAN DRAGOMAN.
Modammedan Invasion, many centuries ago,
and they have mixed more or less with the
Berbers. There are 3,000,000 or 4,000,000
of them. Some are nomadic Bedouins, llv-
lng In the oases of the Sahara or on the
edge of that desert and a large number are
farmers on the rich plains of Morocco.
Arabs are also found In the cities.
The Jews number something like 200,000.
ThAV IIva In nJI rttipn. anil hpr art A thpr
- --
In the villages. They are the real business
men or tne country, doing most or tne menial wora. in tirope tne jewisn quarter
banking, and having1 the chief wholesale Is known as the Ghetto. Here it Is called
and retail shops. Many of the chiefs of the Mellah, which I om told means salt
the large tribes have Jews to finance them and may come from one special Job which
and they also lend money to the Moorish the Jews have, and that Is the pickling of
officials. The most of these Jews belong to the heads of rebels before they are fas
famllles which have lived hundreds of tened up over the gates of the cities as a
cruising yacht than thejip and down 00m-
steeve of Its bowsprit was somewhat less,
perhaps, than some of the old-timers, but
it made it seem more graceful.
The Cunarders long ago abandoned the
clipper stem. One of their finest looking
ships, from the viewpoint even of some
. ' v; . .u . Wi MW 1 American merchant marine. All thrf five
II :;: -i f, ' ; v ' K2M Vi-' ,hHVN and six masters, and the only seven Vnaa-
X' I'tK ' WViS. tcr. th. Thomas W. Lawson. recently Von-
snd auxiliaries ,'. S .!., .-. AW V U i) IXiiftN verted into an oil carrier, nave me tcui-
U stS ,'s ! It I water admired by old-timers. NearlyV all
y ' .-lJ-.W the great steam yachts, and many iro-
iKWr? Tm ... fnVJC' -Jl pelled by sail, are distinguished by Vhe
y? W ' -N
.
i . , t
- jO VU..;''-,
' ' ; .,: '
f .. V.,.
' - -.4i- .-Jr r , . .- "v
years In Morocco. As a class they are
despised by the Moors and In the cities
are compelled to live In their own quarters,
In moBt places it is against the law for
them to live anywhere else and they are
not allowed to buy lands,
The Jews dress In their own costume
wearing caps with little curls hanging down
each side the face and long black coats or
- - -
irowns. Thfv are Bometimofi stoned hv the
-- -
Moorish boys ana are forced, to ao certain
a Good Ship Have
who are not In the pessimistic veteran
class, was the old bark rigged sldewheeler
Asia, launched In 1850.
What the clipper bowed Yankee ship
looked when under a press' of canvas may
be imagined from the accompanying
sketch of the famous packet Dn udnouglit,
which, under command of Captain Samuels,
covered the distance between Sandy Hook
and Wueenatown In ulne days and seven-
J - 1
MM'
- 1J0T f .Ss 1
v.iV. I '
-:':vr!r : .
iiiiiiri.nl'i i i ' J - - : '
JEWS IX) THE
warning to traitors.
Every Moroccan city has three ports, one
belonging to the government, where the
officials live; another containing the stores
and homes of the Moors, and the third the
quarters. of these despised Jews. There
tire but few large towns In the country,
but all are of about the same character,
I elng 'made up of box-like flat-roofed
buildings and surrounded by walls. The
most Important city Is Fes, which lies 170
miles south of here. It contains 14O,0fO Germans, Italians, Swiss, French and Span
reople and is the chief capital. Another lards.
capital Is Marrakech which contains ,0u0.
and a third Is Mekinei, which is of about
the same size. The sultan lives In all of
these places during the year. He Is now
at Fes and will probably be there for some
months. He carries his court with him.
but leaves a relative in charge of a capital
when ho leaves It. I understand that he
also has a palace In each of the ports. I
bave seen the one at Tangier. It Is shabby.
Ports of Morocco.
The chief ports of Morocco nre eltht In
number. They run alons the Atlantic and
Mediterranean coasts. Trts town of Tan
rler Is about the largest. It has 60.000 or
60,000 people. Tetuan. farther eastward on
the Mediterranean, covers more space, but
It has a smaller population. Along the
Atlantic farther south are Lrache, Rabat,
Cnsa Blnnca, M.agazan, Pad and Mogador.
All of these are white towns, surrounded
by walls and made of box-shapod white
houses of brick and stucco.
Mogador has about 23,000 population and
of these 10.000 are Jews. The Jews have
been mnklnar a great deal of money. there
- -
And itnme of t nftm have been RracllUi llV mV-
.MUnu. coa gsvyiv uva UIIB can
lng out or tne.jvieunn ana renting houkct m
the Moorish section of the town. This, I country. The average village i like a col
am told, was the cause of the rebellion lection of falling straw stacks, each sur
which broke out in that quarter a few rounaed Dy ft hed(fe of Kreen cactuBt
months sgo. The chief of one of the Me- leaves of which have thorns as sharo as
. . i . .. l. ..... -.n4 In i n A .
hammedan tribes near by was called In and
he drove the Jews back to their own quar
ter, telling them they should know their
teen hours. Its Ideal sheer and the steeve
of Its bowsprit and Jlbboom made it look a
"sweet ship" Indeed to eyes that never
more will see so smart a sailing craft in
any part of this ultra practical world,
Commander Robert B. Peary found the
clipper bow desirable in his Arctic steamer,
the Roosevelt,, not from the standpoint of
uesthetlclsm, but becauso of Its servtoeabll-
lty. The Roosevelt's Is not a pretty bow.
as it lacks the true clipper sweep; but
Commander Teary found it mighty effec-
tlve in crushing through ice-clogged
waters. Most of the Polar ships have hud
curved bows.
The clipper bow is the rule on the fine
fleet of fore and afters that represent all
that Is left of the sailing glory ot the
heauty and partly because it saves them
from duckings forward. On the oth.r
hand, nearly all those stuidy old sturtn
deflers, the Sandy Hook pilot boats, hafe
what nay be called straight ateine, alv
though, strictly sptklng, it Is slightly',
convex.
Advocates of racing steamships say that
the only kind of bow for them Is the
knife blade sort that parts the seas when
they are in a rage, lnstad of pounding
thorn. Some yachtsmen like the straight
bow for little craft, but for cup chaJlenne.-s
and defenders they prefer the spoon bow,
Uk. those or tha abamruik and the Da-
feud B)
Coveting
V) J.
."r-'f
BUSINESS.
place and keep it. Mogador Is the port for'
Marrakech, the southern capital, and it
formerly Had a great caravan trade with
Timbuktu. The camels were loaded there
and made their long march across the
Sahara to the upper Niger. The place is
now shipping goat skins to the United
States and many an American woman pulls
on a kid- shoe every morning made of hide
from Mogador. There are 800 Europeans
living at that port, consisting of English,
Magasan has 15,900 inhabitants, one-third
of whom are Jews. Iarache has S.O0O, of
whom 2,000 aro Jews, and here in Tangier
the Jews are more In number than any
where else and they have the right to live
wherever they please, which ls so in no
other city of Morocco.
The walls of the Moroccan cities are en
tered by gates, so that the city can ba
closed tight at nlirht. The business Is j
largely done In markets, although all towns
have sliono and bazars.
Ten ThoiwnnV'strsw VIUoKes.
The cities, however, contain but a small
part or the population of Morocco. The
,n!laaes live In village made up of huts
of gtone. chinked with mud and thatched
wltn Btraw, or in movable tents. Many of
the huts are altogether of straw, and not a
fow of tnenl are ,un,irle brick. Roughly
spoaklng. there are about 10,000,000 people
housed in these ways, and that is more
than one-tenth as many as the population
0f the United States. The city population
coul(1 x venture, be olaced within th Um-
u.
vimu w simitrw
Xirrmr miaiin,i 4h.a. n
see by riding a few miles out Into th
nne needles. Each house stands alone and
I i
no man dares peep In through the gate or
look over the walls. The cactus hedge
usually Incloses a small bare yard, in which
the cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, camels
and chickens belonging to the family are
driven at night.
Such villages have no streets and no t 7
ments whatever-. After sunset thev beoo 1
as tiara as a pocket, except where th
houses are lighted by candles or perhap
by American coal oil. The villagers are
farmers who own lands near by. No one
Uves on his farm, and In looking over the
landscape one sees no horses, bams nor
fences. There are only bare fields or th.
crops.
In the pasture lands the sheep, goats,
pigs and other animals are herded, watched
by a shepherd, who is often employed by
several farmers at so much for each ani
mal, the llocks thus feeding together. At
night he drives them all to the village, and
each animal makes a bee line for Its own
Individual home. No one would think of
leaving even a goat outside the town after
dark for fear of thieves.
These are the conditions within a mile of
Tangier, the chief seaport" of Morocco. In
the interior they must be far worse. Thoro
nutny of the families live In tents, but all
are on the constant lookout against this
and brigands, and nearly every tribe U
war with Us neighbors.
A
Country of Muhanimedtn Tribes.
Often a half dozen or more of the villages
make up the home of one tribe. They
are governed by a chief, who collects cur
tain taxes, and who acts as their leader in
tbelr wars with the other tribes. This Is
the condition throughout the whole empiro,
which is rather an aggregation of wild pas
toral and agricultural tribes than a king
dom or empire. In our sense of the word.
Each tribe cares only for itself and Its own
particular country, and there ts, I am told,
no such thing as regards Morocco aa a
whole. The only binding cords among the
trlbts are those of religion. They are fujiat.
leal Moluunmedans who hate the Christian
and all that bcli ngs to him. The want
nothing to do with him and resent his pres
ence here.
Tber Died tar Lore.
Speaking of the hatred of these people for
foreigners snd especially of that which ex
ists among the mountain tribes. I heard th.
story today of a young Spanlurd who "loved
not wisely but too well." Tills young men
was spending some time In the neighboring
town of Tetuan, when he happened to spy
In the market one day a beautiful Berbr
girl of one of the Anjor tribes of the Riff
mountains neur by. As he looked he loved,
and by carefully prosecuting his attentions
form market day to market day he Wna
able to make the girl enter Into a flirt a
with him. At last bis passion grew to such,
an extent that he followed her to her vll-
lege and there proposed marriage. The
triba answered htm by taking possession of
both him and the girl and stripping thnx
alnvat to the skin. Each was then gaggt-d
' and securely tied to one of two trees, one
on either aide of a bridle path at a place
not far from Tetuan, and left there until
tbey starved to death. As the story furs
they were so placed that their "eyes ct,u!,j
look Me to eyes that rpt-ke again, "ibut
as hunger came on their love turned tfaa
ger and they miserably perished.
k UU 1 VI 1 A U tfcTWTTr r
I j
i