ELDING A .STATE IS
Bi E ALTH
pERN -SYLVAN IAS EXAMPLE A
well, worth copying
IN
s' t?B organised work of caring for
I th health nf the fllnif'l cltlsens
I Is a much a State duty as I
I the administration of It gwvern-
I trnnt ty competent officials. It
an ever present debt wweo
ISTnnvera and ts of equal im
portance with the maintenance of an art
qcale police department as a proitt'ui'i'.-.nni put ana men lum om w ut imii
against crime and criminals. The public; pox and spread this dread disease through
health dailv becomes a more serious prob-ja whole community before It can be,
'.em. with the continued growth of the large. checked. Several epidemics of smallpox)
cities and the increased sources of con- were traced to this error In diagnosis,
tnnilnatlon for the water supply upon The epidemics of measles throughout the
which these cities depend. State have required a great deal of atten-
hen a State, through the agency of an tlon. The popular Idea that measles Is a
experienced and skilled health depirt-l trifling affection Is erroneous, for the flls
men, practically eliminates typhoid and ease, together with Its sequelae, causes
scarlet fever; when diphtheria has been more deaths In childhood and adolescence
nearly eradicated and the waters of the than scarlet fever. The rules and regula
State are being rapidly purified, there is a tlons of the new Department of Health
ufu! lesson to be learned by other Stares. require that premises upon Which there 1
and the methods employed embody every a case of measles shall he placarded, the
element of Interest for those engaged else-j patient Isolated, and, together with those
where In protecting th people from the, exposed, excluded from school for a period
ravages of disease. of twenty-one days from the date of onset,
About tw0 years ago Pennsylvania oameand be readmitted to school only on th
to ft full realization that Ita health laws! certificate of the physician attesting to
wer meagre and Ineffective; that death I recovery and freedom from contagion,
and disease were walking hand In handj The medical Inspector mnkes particular
n quin ine environs or ine uJninpmwrnii,
and that Ita negligence had grown so great
as to excite the wonder of the coutvtry.
Almost on the spur of the moment Its offi
cials decided that a remedy had to be
found.. Result: The Btate Legislature of
lth the approval of Governor Penny
packer, placed on the statute books three
of the most compTehenWve health law
ever devised In the United Btatea. It was
becessary that some Immediate and rad
ical steps be taken, for the State was
year behind her sister States in this
Work.
STATE HEALTH ORGANISATION.
The fit it Hoird of Health, twenty year
tn existence, had been In efficient hand,
but with only a nomlnul appropriation
s-1 xery llmii'el powers. This Board w-as
able to advise the doing of mnny things,
but had no bower to put In operation nec
e'ry health measure.
The Iegislatuie of 1H0S created the Pe-
rvtment of Heiltii and gave Its head
nlvmrtnnt power and a I:irg appropriation!
to nrotett the health of the people of Penn
sv'vsnln. An act passed by the same
t eslslature charges 1h Commissioner with
the preservation of the purity of the waters
of the Ktate, while an earlier act creates
a Bureau of Vltnl Btat'st vs under the
Commissioner of Health, which bureau
w.ll for the first time m the h'story of the
St ite collect accurate statistics of births
and deaths.
The act creating the Department of
Health gave the Commissioner such broad
powers a to create fear that unless a
thoroughly urrlght and level headed man
were placid In charge of the department
great harm would re.iult by the use or
misuse of the authority vested In h'm.
These fears were quieted when Governor
Pennypacher appointed Dr. Samuel O.
D xon, president of the PMUidelnht Acad
emy of Natural S.-lences. a man not only
of worldwide scientific repute but an active
man of affairs, who brought to the office
great executive ability as well as the nec
essary knowledge of sanitation.
Health commissioner i:xon, mu a srvn
t
toward
Important Btate health department in tne
country. Commissioner Duxon, asaistea oy
his chief medical Inspector, Dr. Frederic
C. Johnson, ftnd a medical Inspector in
each county, keeps In close tmieh with
every community In the State and la able
at the first signs of an outbreak of disease
to put In motion the machinery for han
dling the epldemle and checking Its
spread.
In a rural district without a board of
health the Health Commissioner on learn
ing Of an euthreak of typhoid fever details
the county medical Inspector to visit the
scene and seek to locate tne original
aourc of Inrectlon. It may be the water
or the milk supply. Perhaps he finds nu
merous petty pollutions of the water sup
ply that must be cleaned up. He urges the
water company to have its Watershed pa
trolled constantly and tfhe pollutions
stopped.
The county medical Inspector then goes
to the homes where the disease Is. and
without Interfering with the family physi
cians he sees that the necessary precau
tions are taken to avoid secondary cases.
The county medical inspector may find
that the source of infection Is the milk
sunolv. and under Instructions from the;
Commissioner of Health he may find it
necessary to cut off an Infected supply and
insist upon the dairies being put In sani
tary condition.
DIPHTHERIA AND SCARLET FEVER.
Cases of scarlet lever anil diphtheria
re closely watched, for at they generally
occur among school children it must be
mads certain that there is careful Isola
tion of the patients and that the other
school children In the same household are
excluded from school during the period of
Illness and for thirty days after recovery
and disinfection of the premises, as re
quired bjr law.
WTien the dally reports of communicable
disease come in from the physicians of (
the cases In the rural districts the records'
are taken off on large sheets, and to each
household In which there Is a contagious
a, lease is em a circular containing rules
or,rvea oy nurses enq attendants In
charge of the patient. Special attention is
patd in the circular to tha becr.y of
. Ill, h. h.'mikln lon strides,'"' """"k of years to bring about the sanl-jto
oward mfe'ctlng the largest and mostj tary disposal of sewage In all the munici-
killing the perm In fecal matter and other!
discharges before they leave the sick room,;
setting forth simple but effective Ways of;
household disinfection.
Since smallpox has appeared In mild forrtii
In the State It Is necessary to be on the
alert for the report of chicken pok among j'
adults, as such a cane may be pronounced
note of the occupation of the wage earner
In every household where there Is a con
tagious disease. He may be milkman.
I for Instance, who htmaelf through lack of
proper precautions ts Infecting the milk
which ha la aupplylng to hundreds of
people.
Mild cases of smallpox, diphtheria or
scarlet fever occasionally break- quaran
tine. In such rases the Patients must he
located with all possible haste, quaran
tined and placed under guard if necessary.
The railroad company must be at once no
tified and the car In which the person
with the contagious disease travelled taken
oft the line and thoroughly disinfected.
POWER OF THE COMMISSIONER.
The local hoards of health In boroughs
and cities are not Interfered with hui thai
o r frequently sends his county
medical Inspectors to advise with local
boards In the case of an outbreak
threatened outbreak of disease. Th hi -h 1
officers of the local boards are supplledlP"'8 tor the free distribution of diphtheria
mm iii.-imure giving instructions for theiantuoxin in tnose cases wnere me amicw
most effective means of controlling con- i household Is too poor to pay for the serum.,
tugloua diseases and methods of dislnfec-'Thls free antitoxin Is curing children
Hon. i stricken with that disease, and as the antl-
Although many potty comnlalnt. r.v. ,
the department, none are too small to re-j hundreds of others, when exposed to the
celve httentlon. However, where it Is a disease, are kept from Its grasp. . Where
matter which the lo-al boards of heolth I antitoxin Is not used It la known that
should remedy, the Commissioner endeav- forty-two. or about every other person
ors to have the evil remedied through this' in a hundred stricken with diphtheria, die.
Biiard. I The Department of Health is rapidly re-
The whole country will watch with In- duclng the death rate among Pennsyl
terest the work of the Pennsylvania Com- vanla's poor. From February J to April 30
mlsstoner of Health to reclaim the waters clinical reports received by the department
of that State to their virgin purity. Fori cut the death rate to about eleven per cent,
years the streams of the State have 'been A far more remarkable feature of Penn
poiluted with raw seWnge, and ronse-'sylvunla's free distribution of antitoxin
quently the death rate from typhoid fever' appeurs from an examination of the cllnl
haa been enormous and appalling. lenl reoorta of the cases In which anti-
l'nder a recent legislative act every mu-'
nlclpjllty which desires to extend Its' after the first attack. Out of hundreds of: which contribute to excessive death rates,
sewerage System must first obtain the per-j canes thus treated during a period of four More than that, they furnish an oppor
mlt from the Commlestoner of Hauhh, and. months there was not a single death. ,ti.nlty for future generations to secure an
every water company which desires to use I The late W. A. King, chief statistician accurate record of the personal and statls
a new source of supply must secure a per- of the United States Bureau of the Census.' tu al oart'.cul irs. as well as the facts sur-
m't from the Commissioner. It will be
N what the Londoners call "fine
ked along the
earnestly at the
a coquettish
e out the rea-
brighi sun
shine Was withheld. Really, a
foreigner in Ixmdon feels like picking a
personal quarrel With the sun on these
"fine days." He It temptel to ask some
uc useless question as this "If you're
going to shine why don't you go ahead and
do it, Instead of smirking up there like a
big, bashrul, red headed glrlT Uet busy!
Come on, now, and show Ixmdon what you
do in the States!"
By the time you have finished such a
brief appeal to the solar intelligence the
j reddish orb will have very likely dlsap-
pea red altogether behind rain laden clouds.
To be so unheeded Is some' hat unnerving,
and you are without pom-er of speech a
few moments later when, through the
partially translucent atmosphere, there
struggle ft few more glimmers of quasi
brlghtness. only to vanish again as tanta
llalngly aa before.
Yet such are the days which Txmdorwrs
call "fine." Wonder ta-h.it would happen
if the sun did some real shining over
londonT "Most extraordinary!" they'd
say and promptly chronicle it as a purely
Iximloneae virtue
As compared with the foggy autumn and
the overcast skies of winter the Iondnn
spring Is a very pleasant season. he sun,
as 1 have said, oasts coquettish glances
upon the cltyT-some five hours or more
before she visits her favorite sone, the
United States of America and d les it from
a hasv. graylsn-blue sky whl
out comparative charms, but
the deep rtcfe blue which axches
days" I have wal
I I streets gaslng
I hesitating gleams of
M sun, trying to pussle
' son why genuinely
v0
Hr E R 1 T"""1 F TTT" '.jV
ri-'----HWAREE-W HfKEA'N !. . L,. . BRADFORD jsosoanMNlH I
CRAWFORD ! . .1 . jPO T T.EJi! T 1 00 A i iW A YNE I
( ri ,! , 1
L y .roRtsT iErK i .v ."- U,Tr7n7WVOmNG V'V
, . vrmsoJK-.lJl-S. Ll . JAlycomincV' wnpik:e
y poii J. .. x XV .fir VZERNY-oty
.-amae WROfl- . V'E N.T R.e , f-
: .F V'. ' iff KEBXER
jWASHfNGTON? t-
ORE EN E)rETTE
1
r , . f.
' ' 5 ' : jr ' ' ' ''
' ' . S L ' - i
-V a 1
1r CTa.Tnue? i Dixoii OTtu
Dalttles nf Pennavl vflnln. and the nractl-i
cal problems to be solved are as difficult
as are Known to sanitary engineering, jne
bv one. however. Dr. Dixon Is getting the.
cities and horourha tn tnke un this work,
brtnuln them to realise that thev cannot
continue sending disease laden water to
their neighbors down stream.
rnmmi,.i..i, Dinn has ealshltshed In
Pennsvlvnnln more than Ave hundred de-
toxin is furnished for immunising use also.
toxin was used within twenty-four hours!
whose m work had been largely devotee,
the Improvement of vital statistics and
who was probably better qualtited to speaH
PNDON GiOOM- xPmiNE
f '
,; ' '
"Walk along the Thames at night
naaies it from yoxl wnt io ,M a flne .tarry sight." saldl
ch is not w.th. Dnd,.n fnends. and 1 obe'ed them,
.?il'i!,nl",'tv' traversed We.ncn ter.Waterloo'
net Manhat:an and Ulvkfrlar. bridge, on clear evenlnss'
, and, following iustiutuon., have gazed
.
('' '
'" I' I'
hsisi
.wi.nwiiij
tinon ISn mMect than nnv nthpr man In
the United States, only a few days before'
nis ueain. rererrtng to me memoas !',"""" .u.c l-.. , ""'i"""
forms adopted In Pennsylvania, wrote as waged by Health Commissioner Dixon for
follows: "I shall refer Inaulrlea to the
Pennsylvania Uenartment of Health for
the most complete and up to date equip-
ment for carrying out registration laws.
The enaenti.i feature nf fhe rerlstratlon
law as enacted in Pennsylvania provide
thnt no dead human body shall be removed
from the registration district In which
death occurred. Interred, cremated or
otherwise disposed of until a satisfactory
certificate of death, signed either by the
attending physician or Coroner, shall
have been filed with the local registrar of
vital statistics of such district and a
burial or removal permit granted by that
official.
These original certificates of death after
being received, dated and registered by the
local registrars are at the end of each
month forwarded to the Central Bureau of
Vital Statistics in the State Capitol, where
they are scruilnlxed. Indexed, tabulated
and bound for future permanent reference.
These certificates form a basis of an ana
lytical study of the causes of deaths, of the
principal ages ai wnicn nenm occurs, of
the occupations, sex, locality and nativity
roim ling the death of any Individual In
tli- Ftate.
The registration of births
la
i w ' i
"
' k i ' mi sta - .
Ifskyward. Yes. the stars have shonel
brightly, aa advertised. On some B'g-itsjThe only possibH explanation 1 that the
they have aee.ncd to vie w.th one anotner' sun. be.ng modest and reticent, hale, to
in snappinj bright gleam, earthward. Al.-k at the sooty buildings, while th.
singular phenomenon- t he sun forever mars-the Jalea!-have ieu scruple ut
pariimoniou In Ita indulgences to London,
MHKUN MS. .
' 1
sin '
pllshed by requiring from physicians or
mid wives a certificate setting forth In de- been take.t to write long letters, explaln
ta II the personal and statistical particulars, ng the need and wisdom of Vaccination.
required to make a perfect record or in
birth. These certificates, signed and regis
tered by the local registrars, are monthly
forwarded to the Central Bureau of Vital
StitlBtlcs, at Harrlsburg, where they arc
indexed, classified and bound In the same
manner as death certificates. These cer
tificates give not only an opportunity for
a careful statistical analysis of the sources
from which the population Is renewed, but
also give individuals the opportunity of
securing at any time a perfect record of
any individual birth that has occurred In
the State.
Communicable diseases within the limits
of Incorporated municipalities are reported
direct to the local health authorities, and
by them In turn reported to the Depart
ment of Health at the end of each week.
In run! districts Immediate reports are
made by attending physicians direct to the
Department of Health.
A WIDE TERRITORY.
It may be Interesting to note thatPennsyl
vanlt comprises a land area of 44,K!5 squar
miles; SO cities, 849 Incorporated boroughs,
67 counties, 1,54" townships, with an urban
nnnutnflnn of 4 447 KKIi nH a rural nonuU -
tion of 2,436,S02. For the collection of Vital
statistics it has 76 local registrars, rachln People of the State that Dr. Dixon is
with a deputy appointed to act in rase ofl" ")an of the deepest Sympathies, a man
absence. Illness or disability. In addition
S7 subreglstrars acting In portions of the
registration districts.
It has been said that Pennsylvania pos
sesses features which provide for a more
Interesting study of vital statistics than
any other State, in the Union, for the
reason that It preaenta the greatest diver
sity of occupations and that Its popula
tion represents the various degrees of con -
eentration from the third largest city In;
the United States down to the sparsely
wageo oy iieaun Lommissioner l'lxon rorihu w J ,, . . v
vaccination in order to check the spread helt! y jh uP"'e Court of Penney!
of smallpox has been a most Important
work carried on bv the new denartment.
" i ' "
Last year Dr. Dixon sent a letter to
each secretary of the 2.000 school districts
In Pennsylvania asking them to place In
the hands of the teachers or principals In
charge of schools In their districts a cir
cular letter calling the attention of these
principals and teachers to the vacclnatkin!cer and.,h" "'lpases, and we have
clauses of the act providing that no child
was to be admitted to school until It had
presented a certificate signed by a physl
slan stating that the child had been suc
cessfully vaccinated or had previously had
smallpox. A supply of blank vaccination
certificates was sent to each secretary of
a school district. Since that time the de
partment has sent out about four hundred
thousand vaccination certificates on re
quest. This shows that thousands of chil
dren have since been vaccinated and thus
made Immune against smallpox. j
The department's medical Inspectors in
each county have ylalted schools where
there was opposition to vaccination, Im
pressed on the teachers their duty of up
holding the law. talked with school direc
tors and visited In their own homes parents
who through prejudice were keeping their
children from vaccination.
The Commissioner has received thou
sands of letters from teachers, school di
rectors and parents In regard to the en
forcement of the vaccination law. Every
t i
- v ' J , I
. r-. - - , -e r t,
and the stars prodigal tn their generosity,
jappeaxancea.
lvcTER ,V &
) (X
4 ' '
-
one of these has been answered. Time has
: giving facts and figures to strengthen in
arguments. No Questions have been con
sidered too trivial to answer. In this cor
respondence the Commissioner has treated
the writers as sincere In their requests for
Information.
Dr. Dixon has alao received many anony
mous letters and slanderous communica
tions. No matter iow bitter a letter In
opposition to vaccination has been. If the
Commissioner felt that there was any
chance at all to have the writer listen to
reason he haa taken the time to corre
spond at length. Circulars have been sent
out setting forth the necessity of vaccina
tlon, putting in convincing form the argu
ments for Ita efficacy. The public press J
in uie opinion of Dr. Dixon, has been a Dig
factor in advancing the cause of vaccina
tion. Finally the Cnmmlulniiu hm mnda ad
dresses In different oerts of the Stste be
fore teachers' Institutes and conventions of
school directors and county superintend
ents, in this Way he has got In close
touch with the people and exerted a won
derful influence In breaklne down tha nrei
',;lpe against vaccination and counteract
i'nff the work of the antl-vacclnntlonlats.
These public addresses hav convinced
to,w"" a oig, warm neart. who loves children
who Is not swayed by an Impulse or at all
oitna to reason. His opponents have pict
ured him In a bitter light, as being hard
hearted and a good deal of a tyrant. Con
vinced by actual experience that tha chil
dren in the schools should be made Im
mune against smallpox by vaccination, he
is aeierminea in tits efforts to have the law
'ohyet -
VACCINATION PROBLEM.
The right to debar from school a child
who ha not been v.eein.to k.
1" "'cc,m,;t T
v"nla 3l,lrln the present year m a declslo
the Pertinent part of which ays:-"Va
Ion,
I , . , i . .
V. "
la the Infliction of a
disease, cowpox, on the subject, and If
that can be done irrespective of his con
sent then the next step may be to require
submission to inoculation with arrtltoxln
or serum for diphtheria, tuberculosis, can
rather a dismal picture of the possible con
sequences. It will be time enough to con
sider such matters when they arise. At
present the vast preponderance of opinion
among Intelligent and educated people,
under the guidance of the best medical
authority. Is that vaccination la a highly
useful ameliorative. If not always a preven
tive of one of the greatest of the Scourges
that have In past times afflicted humanity
and that the regulation of It by a statute
is not only a Justifiable but a wise and
beneficent exertion of the police power over
the public health. When the legislature
goes beyond that into new or more debat
able fields it will be time enough to con
sider the limits cf Its power."
The Department of Health consists of
tne i-omimsJionfr 01 rieaun. appointed byiBtudy. Returning to Philadelphia, he was
the Governor, with the advice and con-'gmdunted from the Mercantile College and
sent of the Senate, who must be a physl-jthen studied law, being admitted to the
clan of at least ten years' experience and' Bar In 1877. He studied medicine and was
a graduate of a legally constituted medl-'gra.iutej from the Medical School of the
cal college. Associated with the Commls-'ijnVerslty of Pennsylvania In 1SS6, having
stoner Is an Advisory Board consisting of been singularly honored by the trustees
before graduation by an appointment to
rzr; the position of assistant demonstrator of
Certain faint, shuddering recollections of
astronomical Instruction lead me to Inform
the world that stnwspher1c heat is derived
from the sun. This, f course, will be news
to persons aa far away aa are Hamerlcans
from this, the manufactory of universal
wisdom. Well, arguing from the suppo
sition that my tutor In astronomy was a
conscientious man and did hla best to tell
me the truth. I am led to believe that the;
sun does Its full duty to london as regards I
the matter of spring and summer hea
a , . . I
Sometimes the place seems like Tophet
with the lights out.
You unhappy persons who Inhabit the
half olvlHsed North Amerloan continent
probably know the feeling of physical dis
comfort experienced on hot, cloudy days
"Muggy" ts the provincial adjective which
many of you apply to such dava. Well
that is the sort of dsy that prevails here in
the warm seaaon with "ua" Iondonr. .
Turkish bath twenty-four hours a day and
seven unri w----n.
There are no records to show that the
sun was ever on really friendly terms with
I-ondnn. Very ancient records describe the
fearful death to which a famous Druid
Theoryblodd. was subjeted for his Im
pious comments on the weatlier. This
would seem to Indicate that the atmos
pheric conditions did not please She unfor
tunate commentator. Coming down to the
Roman era we learn hum -aenar after
spending two aiys in a I-onaon hotel dur
ing the hot season waa heard to remark:
Home for mm even in tne good old sum
mer time." There 1s reason to beHeva that
" .ted stronges terms of the sama e
fl. bfhe hlstorlin
"r 'mft"'
to give his Saume4.i4. ooir ntrrure tn8-
l
5IILADELBDA
tER
members, the majority of whom shall
Physicians of ten years' experience and
one a civil engineer. They are also ap
pointed by the Governor, with the advice
and consent of the Senate, for four yeajrs
and serve without pay. The law says:
J" 1 the d"ty of the Commissioner
of Health to protect the health of the peo
ple of the State and to determine and em
ploy Uie most efficient and practical means
for the prevention and suppression of dis
ease." To carry out effectually the respon
sibility which this duty Imposes the Com
mlssloner and his agents are given full
power to order nuisances detrimental to
the public health or the causes of disease
and mortality to be abated and removed
and to enforce quarantine regulations.
The Commissioner may Issue Warrants
to any sheriff, constable or pollcemah to
arrest persons who disobey the quar
antine orders or regulations of the De
partment of Health, and In the Inspection
of nuisances the Commissioner's duly au
thorised agents have the power and au
thority conferred by law upon constables,
and where an owner of the property re
fuses to abate a nuisance detrimental to
the public health the Commissioner or his
agents may have such nuisances abated;
and to cover the cost of such action the
Commissioner may file a Hen in the hame
of the Commonwealth, as provided by law
for other municipal liens.
The Commissioner may revoke and mod
ify any order, regulation, bylaw ot or
dinance of a local board of health con
cerning a matter which In his Judgment
affects the public health beyond the ter
ritory over which such local board has
Jurisdiction.
General supervision Is given the fctate
Commissioner of the registration of
births, marriages, deaths and diseases; or
practitioners of medicine and surgery, of
mldwlves; nurses and undertakers and of
all persons whose occupation Is deemed
to be of importance In obtaining complete
registration of births, deaths, marriages
and diseases.
There are laid upon the Commissioner the
duty and responsibility of preserving the
puMty of thy waters of the state for the
protection of the public health. By "wa
ters of the tttnte" Is meant all streams and
springs and all bodies of surface and
ground water, whether natural or arti
ficial, within the boundaries of the State.
Whenever in the opinion of the Commis
sioner the sewage discharged into the wa
ters of the State by Individuals, private
corporations or compan'e becomes Injuri
ous to the public health he may order a
disctiarge of such sewage discontinued.
He may also revoke permits thnt his de
partment grants to municipalities to con
struct or exiend a sewer system whenever
In bis opinion the Interests of the publlo
health demand It.
SKETCH OF THE WORKERS.
The personnel of the department Is of
distinct Interest, Bince to those men hag
been Intrusted the heulth of severul m lllon
people. Samuel O. Dixon was born In
Philadelphia' March 23. 1KM. He prepared
fur tlarvnrd. hut Instead went abroad to
physiology. ite weni auroau again 10
study and was graduated from the Depart
ment Of Bacteriology of King's College,
jlondon, and afterward studied In Petten
Ikofer's laboratory of hygiene. In Munich.
While In Europe be made an exhaustive
study of the disposition of sewage In large
cKles. Upon his return. In lsss, he was
I made professor of hygiene In the Medical
lonhnni mwA Henn nf the Auxiliary Denart
ment of Medicine of the University of
Pennsylvania. lieavtng the university in
1850, he was made professor of bacteriology
and microscopical technology at the Acad
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
executive curator In 1W2 and president In
1KH, which last two positions he still holds.
He served for several years ss a member
of the Board of Education of Philadelphia
and as chairman of the Committee on Hy
Ury cnndltlons of the schools of that city
t. .h tnr i.mtv vear
giene and aia muc-n to improve im vani-
Dr. Benjamin I-ee, who for twenty years
111 . I 1 i" i - - '
was the secretary of the rormer Btate
Board of Health, occupies the position of
assistant to the Commissioner. His long
xpeiience especially fitted him for the
work of aiding the Commissioner to estab
lish and successfully build up the new De
psrtment of Health. Dr. Iee was a spe
ciallst of widely recognised ability In or
thotiedlc surgery before he began to de
vote his life to sanitary sorlt.
Dr. Frederic C. Johnson, chief medical
Inspector, at the time of his a ppola Intent
was assistant chief resident physician Id
the Philadelphia Hospital.
F. Herbert Snow, chief sanitary engi
neer, Is one of the beet known engineers
in the country. Mr. Snow Is a pioneer In
the work of devising sanitary systems of
sewage disposal and his knowledge and
experience are of Inestimable vain,- to the
Department of Health In Its dealings with
municipalities and corporations in regard
to sewage and water supply systems. '
Dr. Wllmer R. Batt, State Kegistrar of
Vital Statistics, is a graduate? of the Uni
versity of Pennsylvania Medical School,
class of 114.. Tor a number of years he
k.7" identified with sanitary work m
mjl
tlM service,. , v
s
(
4
.If.
