0
For and About Women Folks
1nmsn In t nknown Uhrior.
N Harper's Magsslne for May.
7I I I Mr Leonids Hubbard writes
of her perilous, but successful
Journey through Labrador. where
her bufband lost It la Ufa two
yesrs aito. Mn Hubbard was th flrat
white peraon to cross tha country alnca
IKS.
"In undertaking a Labrador expedition
of exploration." say Mra. Hubbard, 'It
waa my purpoaa to carry to completion
tha plana which Leonids Hubbard Jr., my
huaband bad mapped out for himself In hla
expedition of 1908.
"Mr. Hubbard planned to explore and
map one and perhapa both of tha two
large unknown rlvcra of northeaatern
Labrador tha Northwest river, draining
tha (Teat Interior lake, Mlchlkamau, to
Hamilton Inlet; and tha George river,
draining tha northern alopa of tha plateau
to Ungava bay to wltneaa tha annual
caribou migration aaid by tha Indiana to
taka place about tha upper waters of tha
Qeorge river; to visit In their home camp
the Nascaupee Indians, or 'Barren Ground
People;' and to aecure to the name, be
aldea the honor of mapping the rivers,
that of being first after McLean to cross
the WO mllea of unexplored wilderness lying
between Hamilton Inlet and Ungava bay.
In 1838 John McLean, a trader of tha
Hudson Bay company, had crossed this
part of Labrador, but he left no map,
and hla account of the Journey la so In
complete that to this day It Is not certain
what route ha took. Thus tha country
atlll remained terra Incognita.
"It aeemed to me fit that my husband's
name should reap the frulta of service
which had coat ao much, and In the sum
mer of 1906 I undertook and In every
particular successfully completed the work
which Mr. Hubbard so greatly desired
to have tha honor of doing. '
"My expedition demonstrated that geo
graphera were mistaken In supposing the
Northwest river draining Lake Mlchlka
mau, and the Mascaupee river, draining
Seal Lake, to be two distinct rivers. They
are one and the same, the outet of Lake
Mlchlkamau carrying Its waters northeast
to Seal Lake, and thence southeast to
Hamilton Inlet. The head waters of the
Nascaupee river I traced northward
through Lake Mlchlkamau and the other
lakes and atreama leading to the height
of land a narrow atrip of bog some 300
yards In width and located the head
waters of the George river Immediately
beyond It, following 3X miles to Its mouth
the course of the stream, whl6h, at Its
source a tiny rivulet. Is at Its discharge
Into Ungava bay a great river three miles
In width, and securing correct maps of
the waters traversed. I witnessed also the
annual caribou migration, and visited In
their home camps . the two bands of In
dians inhabiting the north slope of the
plateau the Montagnals and the Nas
caupees traveling 860 miles of wilderness
before seeing any human faces other than
those of my crew. On the August 27 I
reached the George Itlver Hudson Pay
company's post at Ungava, first after Mc
Lean to cross the country.
"The entire Journey of V miles waa
accomplished In a few hours less than
sixty-one days, forty-three days of actual
travel and eighteen days In camp; for
we did not travel on rainy days, and
sometimes not on Sunday. We had all
we could eat all the time, and at the
Journey's end there was, Including my
gifts to the Nascaupee Indians, a aur
plua of ISO pounds .of provisions."
Marry Early it Possible.
Rev.. B. J. Hardy, author of "How to Be
Happy, Though , Married," who, during a
busy life spent aa army chaplain in all
parta of the world, has already published
aoma ten books relating to marriage and
kindred topics, has Just Issued his elev
enth volume. "What Men Like in Women."
Get married. Marry early If possible,
often If necessary; but keep marriwd." said
he, with a smile, during an interview re
ported for the St. Louis Ulobe-Democrat
. by Miss Ls-vinla Hart.
Rev. Hardy la a past grand master In
the Intricate science of being married and
being happy at the same moment. "How
to Be Happy, Though Married," which has
been translated into every clvlllied tongue,
aucceeded because It was something more
than a cluster of day dreams and theories.
Rev. Hardy had weathered years of con
jugal storms before he ventured, through'
the medium of the printed page, to beckon
the whole world toward the halycon state
of matrimony.
"Not that It'a always a halycon state,"
he aaid, stroking his luxurlunt beard that
lent dignity to his words as well as offer
ing an occupation for awkward pauses,
"but at least It holds out all the oppor
tunities for the skilled workman or the
willing apprentce. Married life is what
wa make It There is every chance to
make it heaven; there la every possibility
that wa may make U hell. Hut, like the
Hindoo, eternity, there la no purgatory, no
tulddle course."
"And tha shortest cut to the conjugal'
heaven?" asked the interviewer.
The reverend gentleman smiled.
"There la no abort cut. If you rush into
matrimony tha same way you rush for
trains and dash through ahops and swal
low your food. I do not wonder that you
get marital Indigestion. There Is not any
short cut to lim .conjugal heaven. It is
reached by weeks and months and yeara
of patience, toil, self-sacrifice and un
selfishness." "Oh. and the honeymoon T"
"la far removed from heaven. It Is a
passageway, mined with explosives; an
Initial step to a fall that is bound to come;
the fall from the ideal to the real; the re
alization that she to whose eyea we wrote
sonnets and he about whom we spread
the mantle of a god are ordinury human
clay, with human faults and human weak
nesses. It'a a bad shock always. Take
my advloe and .make the wedding trip
short. It'a best to be at home when the
waking oomes; the Inconveniences of travel
are no help to aweet temper."
"Then you mean to say that everyone
who marries la disillusioned 7"
"Kxactly; and the aooner tha better.
Illuslona have no part In active, earnest
married life. When the man flnda the
woman la not an angel. If La be a, sensible
man. ha will b glad of It. If she were
perfect hla own faults would stand out
the more glaringly."
"I thought real love waa blind T"
"No. that's amateur. Real love is tha
aort that contlnuea to live with the frilia
cut away and the colored lights cut out.
Real love Is Conjugal love, that has passed
the ataga of disillusionment and made
Itself firm on a foundation of fact, of mu
tual forbearance and compromise, and an
unselfishness that governs alike great
eventa and merest details."
The bride Is bought, the bridegroom aold.
"lt'a martrelous," he said, "the material
methods soma people follow with regard
to matrimony, freo,uenty with success. I
think It la because beneath all the prac
tical calculation something stronger at
tract a them. Io you remember the ac
counta Artemua Ward gives of the afreet
lng ties ma made him hanker after Betsy
Jane? Her father's farm Jlned our'n;
their cows and our'n squencht their thursi
at the aame spring; our old mares both had
, stars in their forrtd.; the measles broke
out in both families at nearly the same
period; our paenta (Betay'a and mint
slept regularly every Sunday In the same
tuwiiu' Louse, and Vu used to ob
serve: "How thick the Wards and Peasleya
air!"
Mr. Hardy laiiged aloud.
"Don't you know dosena of people," he
added, "who marry with much less rea
eonlng than that and with vastly less ex
cuse? Don't you know men who have mar
ried women because they were beautiful,
rot realising until too late that a beautiful
face with nothing behind K boomes quite j
aa tiresome as a beautiful landscape aeon
dallyt
"A fortune In money or beauty counts
for little with the man who really seeks
happiness. It Is better to hava a fortune
In your wife than with her."
"What constitutes a fortune In a wife?"
"Womanliness, and all that It stand for
ten demean, thoughtfulness, solicitude, can
dor, obedience. The woman who doea not
obey her husband la never as happy as she
might be."
"Are there not some women who con
scientiously could not obey them?"
"They are to be pitied. Yet the women
whose husbands are not fit to be obeyed
chose those husbands. They should have
exercised a little more care In the begin
ning. They should have studied them as
sweethearts.
"A wife must bear In mind she Is not
a novelty, and she must double her at
tractions to make up the deficit. A man
must bear In mind that he fell In love
with hla wife, and If she has no attrac
tions for other men his Judgment must
have beem at least unique. So he will do
well to keep a keen eye on the fluctuations
ofthe family thermometer. You cannot
win happiness without an effort.
"If men and women will do the right
thing; If they will cease wondering how
they can make themselves happy and be
gin figuring on how they can make the
other fellow happy; If they will make an
occasional sacrifice' to that end; If they
will put down foolish vanity and pride and
atubbornness, which amounts to nothing,
and make compromises and concessions,
which amount to everything, they will find
themaelvea deriving solid comfort and hap
piness even from the ruin which looked
perilously like a bad bargain."
"My experience has not been so wide aa
yours," I admitted, "but it seems to me
the people who are most terribly In 'love
at the beginning are the ones to suffer the
most violent reaction."
"There's nothing,, terrible about real
love," replied the specialist, "and nothing
violent. You probably allude to a very
youthful affliction known as puppy love.
It usually comes to the Idle. There Is
nothing so sure as work to keep young
folks from mistaken attachments. They
fall In love without the slightest considera
tion for the fitness of things, and think
because they can't be happy apart they
must necessarily be happy together. There
is only one Ideal life, and that Is in finding
one's affinity."
"You believe there's an affinity for each
of us?"
"Yes," drily; "at least one. I don't be
lieve any one of us Is so impossible that
only one peraon in the world could make
blm happy."
n n n n n
J0d0.flfllr
1315-17-19 FARNAM STREET
ro)
o
CARPETS AND RUGS
FURNITURE
LACE CURTAIHS
From Parlor to Farm.
Miss Helen Holmes, a graduate of Smith
college, has abandoned pink teas and all
fashionable frivolities to become a New
England farmer.
After the marriage of her brother Miss
Holmes was left In possession of the family
residence, now called Hlllholm farm, a
handsome old colonial brick atructura, to
day furnished with all the taste that If
the Inheritance of the Smith maid ,Ju
home from college.
There had previously been soma attempt
to make the Hlllholm form pay before th.
departure of her brothers, but without an;,
great success, until Miss Holmes was left
there alone and atepped to the helm.
She took charge because there seemed n
one else to do it and little by little her en
thuslaam has grown until today she Is a
thoroughly scientific college girl farmer.
Of course Miss Holmes doesn't actually
perform the manual labor of looking after
her farm, but she ha all the supervision
oyer the six men whom she keeps busy n
her greenhouse, stables, barn and poultry
yards.
Miss Holmes began with two cows In her
barns. Now ehe not only has twelve of
high, class stock, nearly all of which s.ie
has raised, but she acts as the agent for
all the milk dealers In her vicinity, who
bring their milk to her farm, where it is
bottled and distributed by her men.
She Is now planning to add a thoroughly
modern and scientific creamery, where all
the farm milk and that which she handles
will be cared for under the most approved
conditions.
One year ago Miss Holmes took up horti
culture and had built a modern greenhouse.
Her success was such that this new branch
of her farm work has been made to pay Its
own expenses, which Is rather more than Is
usually done the first rear.
The most paying proposition at Hlllholm,
as Miss Holmes declares, is the poultry
branch of the farm, where a specialty Is
made of raising broilers for the market,
ducks snd hens. Her flock of hens often
numbers 3W.
The farmers of Kingston never henitate
to express their respectful admiration at
the success of Miss Holme and the hand
employed on her farm are as much In awe
at the mistress of It as they would be of a
master. There Is always the constant
deference paid to the head of the farm.
Indicative of their appreciation of her
superior knowledge of management.
The mistress of the farm Is up early In
the morning arranging with her overseer
for the entire day's work. She declares
farm work, like any other occupation,
must be carried on with businesslike
precision and. she sdds, understanding.
Miss Holmes believes that the nearer
the market for her products the greater
the proflta and for this reason all her
garden stock and. fowls produce are dis
posed of In Kingston and the vicinity. She
sends nothing to Boston. Esch day early
her milk teams and In the summer months
her vegetable wagons leave the farm
loaded with milk and vegetables for distri
bution in Klngsvon and at Plymouth. -
She derlarea that the market has thus far
been alwaya greater than she esn supply
and this Is accounted for by the fact that
Miss Holmes' farm milk and vegetables
are considered by the towns people to be
always the freshest and most desirable.
Her recent success In winning the ?R0
prise in the short course of eleven weeks
at the Massachusetts Agricultural school
at Amherst Is Indicative of Miss Holmes"
remarkable solentlflo knowledge of farm
ing In general and of horticulture and
dairy farming In particular.
Her Amherst course waa taken with the
Tien to undertaking a mors extensive dairy
production snd horticultural business at
Hlllholm. and this coming season the col
lege girl farmer will give particular at
tention to the management of her green
house and stork.
Miss Holmes Is well known in tha town
of Kingston, having after her graduation
from Smith been appointed superintendent
of schools triore. She belonss to one of
the oldest families l.i town and. haa adopted
her unique method of livelihood by utllzlng
the farm whlr-h now belongs to her.
Health aad Scanty.
The vecrrt of health and beauty doea not
aui to La a craat aocret after all. Mrs.
retiring house cleaning has commenced
in earnest, and anticipating your wauls, '
vie are prepared to show all th new
products of both foreign and domestic
looms. Such an array of beautiful floor
coverings of all descriptions Is not to be
found elsewhere. He sure and look
through our stock. IT WILL PAV YOU.
Fllimi HUGS.
fhtU Fiber Rug Ml.no
8-3x10-6 Fiber Rug Ill no
6x Fiber Rug t I.eO
CASHMERE Kl'GS.
9x Cashmere Rug $10.00
7-6x10-4 Cashmere Rugs I t.CO
IUUSSEL8 RUGS.
xl2 Brussels Rug 115. 00
xl2 Brussels Rug 117. W
-8xl0- Brussels Bug $13.50
$-3x10-6 Brussels Rug $16.00
6x9 Brussels Rug $10.00
INGRAIN ART SQUARES.
All Wool Filling.
Cxf Art Square $4.09
7-x Art Square $o 00
8x9 Art Square $4.00
6x10-6 AM Square $7.00
xl3 Art Square $0.00
SALE OF FIBER CARPETS.
The new sanitary floor covering, spe
cially adapted to bed rooms and sitting
rooms for summer homes; also Adapted
for all seasons' use; made from a vege
table fiber, beautifully colored and woven
In a variety of designs. They come one
yard wide and are displayed la our "East"
window. On sale this week.
65c quality, this week Ko
66c quality, this week 45o
45c quality, this week 35a
CARPET SWEEPERS.
Plssel's "Prize"
Kissel's "Grand Rapids"
tinsel's "Perpetual
National "Marion"
National "Monarch" t
National "Superior"
ROGERS' STAIN FLOOR.
Best Floor Finish on the Market,
Made to Imitate All Woods.
Pint cans
Quart cans
..$3 00
..$2.60
,..$2.00
..$3.00
..$2.60
..$2.00
0 '
"SO
We are agents for the "Gunn" Sec-,
Uonal bookcases and filing cabinets
Chair Sale
The spring furniture buy
ing campaign has opened up
with glowing prospects, and
to make this a week of spe
cial importance to the pru
dent buver we are offering
many money saving opportunities. Tomorrow wo
inaugurate a CHAIR SALE that will long be remembered
with pleasure by every patron who is fortunate in at
tending this SALE. In order to keep a chair stock
properly represented it is necessary to close out all pat
terns of limited quantity to make room for others which
are constantly arriving.
This 6ale is a revelation of good values and LITTLE
PRICES.
1
$8.00
$6.25
'$9.25
$8.25
$8.25
$8.25
$7.60
$4.25
$5.00
$5.00
$7.76
$$.7$
$6.00
$4.25
$5.00
$6.00
$6.25
$4.60
$3.50
$3.75
LOT No. 1.
Consists entirely of ARM CHAIRS.
Leather Seat Golden OaK Arm Chair.
RusH Seat Golden Oak Arm Chair..,
Wood Seat Weathered Oak Arm Chair. . . .
Leather Seat Weathered Oak Arm Chair. ,
Leather Seat Weathered Oak Arm Chair.,
. r. - . . ... . V A t- - - A V, I
leatner oeai. weainereu uitn aiiu xunw . ,
Golden Oak Leather Seat Arm Chair.
Your Choice el any
one 01 these
$4.50
LOT No. 2.
Is made up of DINING CHAIRS, ranging In quantity 1 1
from One to Six of a kind. , diLS
Leather Seat Golden Oak Diner
Leather Seat Golden Oak Diner
Rush Seat Weathered Oak Diner ,
Rush Seat Weathered Oak Diner
Rush Seat Weathered Oak Diner
Wood Seat Weathered Oak Diner
Leather Seat Weathered Oak Diner
Leather Seat Antwerp Oak Diner
Leather Seat Weather Oak Diner
Leather Seat Weathered Oak Diner
Leather Seat Weathered Oak Diner
Golden Oak Wood Seat Diner
'"
Your choice
ot any one of
these
$2.75
LOT No. 3.
Consist of a choice variety of CHILDREN'S CHAIRS
of all descriptions.
$3.76 Weathered Oak and Silver Gray Child's Chaii Your Choice of
$3.76 Weathered Oak Rush Seat Child' Chair.... I aayoae el lam.
$2.75 Weathered Oak Rush Seat Child's Chair,
$2.76 Weathered Oak Child's Chair
Chali '
r. . . . r
my one w iaee.
$1.50
We avre agent for the Original
Gust&v Stickley'i Mission Furniture.
The keystone of the great success
in our Drapery Department is the
ability to give you the best values
for the money of any store in the
city. We are direct importers and
jobbers of LACE CURTAINS and
our immense wholesale output gives
us the purchasing power not en
joyed by any retail dealer. The
few prices we herewith mention is
only a fair sample of the many good
values you will secure at this store
during this week 's sale.
Dutohese Lace Curtains We have taken
all our Dutchess Lace Curtains selling
as high as $15 per pair and will put
them on sale Monday at per
pair
Brussels Lace Curtains
very serviceable per
pair
11.00
Double Net,
...9.75
Plain cen-
15.00
Real Saxony Ilrnscls Curtain
ters, heavy work on edge
the Ideal parlor curtain pair
Ruffle Net Curtains About 15 different
styles In white and ecru, ranging in
price up to $7.00 per pair
sale price . . .
Colonial Nets For living rooms and din
ing rooms per yard, 75c
others at
3.50
nd din-
45c
Window Shades
We are offering a full size, good quality
Window Shade, in all colors, mounted
on good spring rollers this
week
25c
Curtain Rods
We place on sale 600 Extension Rods, ex
tending from 30 to 54 inches, worth
15c each, but slightly damaged.
at each
5c,
Largest stock ol Office Furniture
In the City
S3 :
r
John Jacob Astor, who ha been called a
great beauty on both skies of the Atlantic,
told of the simple plan she has adopted to
preserv her freshness and beauty. "I live
simply, take adequate exercise, eat ration
ally, act with deliberation and set plenty
of rest." A month eg-o .Lillian Russell
gave the same prescription; Mrs. Leslie
Carter has been Riving It for three or four
years; Tattl and Bernhardt have been
handing It out for twenty years, and every
sensible' woman over 30 knows It by heart.
The real secret of beauty seems to be will
power to act upon convir.tlons of what is
good for bodily and mental health. Mrs.
Astor Is a fair type of th International
society womnn. No evidence ot the hard
social grind appears upon her. Her com
plexion Is glowing. Her eyes ar brilliant.
The streaks of silver In har dark l air give
distinction to her youthful ariwarn.nce. Her
figure has lost none of the charm cf youth.
In London she was acclaimed aa t' e most
strikingly beautiful woman at o?.' of the
lust court halls previous to the iiarture
of Ambassador Choate.
American Womtn' la China.
Part of the railroad development of China
may be placed In the hands '4 an American
girl. Miss Nora Stanton i.Uch, who wa
the first woman to take a degree ns civil
engineer In Cornell university, has been
offered a position In one of the thirty-six
corps of engineers for Immediate work In
China.
Among the student In Cornell last year
was an unobtrusive Chinese young man
who had taken a degree us civil engineer
In the University of Tien Tsln and had
come to the 1'nited. States ostensibly to
tuke a higher degren than the Chinesa uni
versity offered.
At the end of the year It suddenly trans
pired that the unobtrusive Chines student
was in reality a very important personage,
none less than the head organiser of what
promises to be one of the largest and most
effective corps ot engineers In the world.
The young engineer selected those whom
he sufficiently approved of for good posi
tions In China, among thep Miss Blatch.
A generous salary and rapid advancement
were part of the offer. Miss Blatch is th
first woman member of th American So
cial?' of Civil Egtneers.
Presence of Mind,
Mme. Rachel, the great actress, wss rest
ing alone In her dressing room one night
preparatory to going on the stage, when a
man suddenly entered and, drawing a dag
ger, said he was going to kill her If she did
not at once consent to marry him.
The actress saw at a glance that the man
was mad and meant what he said. So with
the utmost coolness she replied:
"Certainly I will marry you. I wish noth
ing better. Come with me to theprieat at
once; I have had him come here for th
purpose."
She took his arm and they went out to
getherto where there was assistance, of
course, and the man was Immediately put
under arrest.
Leaves I'ron Fashion's Notebook.
The most poi ular gown Is made ot soft
silk, vtliing cliinun, cloth, lac and other
fine materials.
Few skirts are untrimmed, and there Is a
tendency toward double and triple skirts,
with, tunlo efti-cm.
Kimono of cotton crepe, with lis caster a
origin evident In every thread, are gorgeous
with gilt storks, or gay with cherry blos
soms. Interest In linen shirt waists Is not quit
as lively as it will be later. The newest
shirt waist Is a very mannish affair, except
that It has half sleeves.
A favorite skirt decoration Is that of ap
plied bands to simulate wide tucks. Thee
often give th appearance of a triple skirt
and are very well suited to tall women.
A vast amount of art and Ingenuity has
been luvlshed upon the belts and girdles
this season and the results Justify the ef
fort; for not In many a day have the belts
been so attractive or so tempting.
A great knot of soft chiffon, with long
ends dangling from It, makes a dainty fin
ish to one exquisite empire robe. The ends
are accordion plaited, the tips pulled out
Into the frllllest sort of an affair and held
out by tiny ruffles of the (hlffon.
Artistic buckles, having the look of hand
wrought stiver, are made In the dull satiny
finished silver which is now so fashionable.
In connection with semi-precious stones,
and these silver buckles are orten enriched
by topaz, chrysophrase, Jade, coral, etc,
but some of the smartest designs are not
Jewelled and rely upon the working of the
silver for their beauty.
Most of the coats, of whatever mateaial
they are made, are made loose, yet give
the effect of fitted lines. Where Empire
ideas are applied (and upon coat of this
character Empire Idea are very sparingly
UHt-d), the coats are Intended, to be worn
over costumes carefully fitted Into the line
of the figure, getting Just a little of the
effort of the Empire gown made over
titled linings, which are so good In Farls
this spring, and bid fair to be all summer.
For silk shirt waists and shlrt-wal.it suits,
and for the extra little dress of silk which
"comes In" fur a hundred uses all summer
long (and spring, too), chlfton taffeta is
making honts of friends, either In plain
colors or those odd two-toned kinds, with
little figures or blocks happening off and on
the nairow stripes which make It up. Vet
so perfectly are the two shades toned, and
so nearly alike are they, that at a little
distance the silk acems plain, except for the
shimmer which plays over It a shimmer
which Beeks out and reveals the color.
Carpenter 'a Letter
(Continued from Page Five.)
trade with us and this Increased as the set
tlers cam In. We found It neoessary to
estubllsh stores at various places to supply
this new demand, and the result Is we have
a series of mercantile establishments scat
tered over the Canadian Dominion. Most of
Uiese stores deal in all sorts of goods. They
are somewhat like the department stores of
your large cities, the goods sold having
been adapted to the needs of each com
munity. We are at the same time Inter
ested In building up the country about and
the towns In which our stores are located.
Indeed, I think the Hudson Bay company Is
one of tha most progressiva elements In
the new Canada."
Far Business.
"How about your fur trade T Tou have
for years been supplying the greater part of
the furs of the world."
"Our chief business la still In furs," said
Commissioner Chlpman. "That Is carried
on at various posts throughout these north
lands and It Is as Important today a- It has
ever been. When the Hudson Bay company
l,ret entered America It was to buy tint
nd It then established its trading reiatloiy
with the Indians. The savag.-s knew noth
ing ot money, and for a long time all trac
ing was by barter. The beaver was Hie
asual standard of value and everything
was reckoned as worth so many or so few
beaver skins. I'pon our nag you wUI m-
the words 'lro t'ulle Cutera.' This moans
kin tut skit a-nd It means that w ar
always willing to give a fair value for what
we buy. In the words of President Roose
velt It might be called the motto of the
'square deal.' The trading is still by
barter." ,
"Then the company has not taken ad
vantage of the Indians?"
"I think not," replied the commissioner.
"The Indians look upon the company as a
business partner. Good feeling has always
obtained and tbl 1 th case today. In
deed, our relations with the Indians have
been rather patriarchal. They regard the
company as their father and adviser. We
have never had an Indian war, and the
greater part of the skins bought by the
company throughout the generations has'
been caught by the Indians and sold to It."
"But do the Indians know the value of
their fur?"
"Moat assuredly. They are shrewd trad
er and are determined to get alt that each
skin Is worth. We pay more or less for
skins according to the place sold, the
amount being regulated somewhat by the
cost of transportation. Goods, for Instance,
cost more In Winnipeg- than In Montreal,
and they must necessarily cost a great deal
more at our far-away posts where the dif
ficulty of getting them there I so great."
Hudson Bay Aarents.
"Where do you hire your traders, Mr.
Chlpman?"
"The most of them ar of Scotch Origin.
We bring them over as boys of 17 years,
nd as rule they expect to spend their
lives with the company. They learn the
Indian language and are gradually ad
vanced from post to post. We have civil
service rules, and men are seldom dis
charged exoept for cause. Borne are paid
good salaries, and In due time the- em
ploye are retired with pensions."
"What ar the chief fur now shipped
from this continent?"
"Th staples are the beaver, otter, minx,
fox and muskrat. There are, of course,
many other kinds, but these are the chief."
"Where do the world's furs come from?"
"They are mostly from the north tem
perate sone," replied the Hudson Bay com
missioner. "The best are from oold coun
tries. Siberia and northern Russia sup
ply soma, but by tar th greater part of
the fur, used by man are from North
America, and they ar handled by us."
"Then the Hudson Bay company I th
largest fur company of th world V
"I think so. It markets more skins than
any other."
Great Fu Market.
"Where do the fur go after they leave
this continent?"
"To London. That I th chief fur mar
ket of the world. Skins In the raw state
are sent there from Ruula. Siberia and
North America. Every fur company sorts
and grade its own skins before selling
them. It matches the furs and keeps the
different kinds aa far as possible together.
They are put up In bunches or strings and
are catalogued before sold. At eertiin
times of the year there ar auction sales
of fur In London. The fur buysrs frum
everywhere come there, and s)l the furs
are put up and toll to those who bid
highest."
"That is done by the dealer who buys
them. The wholesalers do not tan nor
Cure. They merely tell the raw akuis."
"What is the most valuable fur on the
market?"
"Th silver fox," replied the commis
sioner. "I have seen skins of that animal
about three or four feet long and not moro
than eighteen Inches wide which were
worth, $1,600 each. The silver fox is a
freak in nature and It Is only now and
then that one Is born. They are greatly
prised by the Russians."
"Where do the sables come from?"
"Mostly from Russia. We have very few
on this continent."
"Are there many . other companies en
gaged In the fur business outside, yours?"
"Yes; there are traders here and there
who are buying furs, but there Is no or
ganised competition to speak of. The field
la open to all, but the Hudson Bay com
pany has been so long on the ground and
Its operations are on such a large scale that
It Is not easy to compete with it. Indeed,
it would take a long time and a great deal
of money to build up a rival Institution that
could cover the field as wa do."
"It must be difficult to get the furs from
the wilds to the ports."
Getting; Skins to the Market.
"It is," said Mr. Chlpman. "We hav
very kind of transportation for that pur
pose. Some of our furs are carried on the
backs of men from post to post, others are
dragged across the country on snow sledges
hauled by dogs, some ars paddled in ca
noes by Indians down stream to the traders,
nd they are also carried in sallbtiats and
steamboat. The Hudxon Bay company has
Increased Its trading facilities by using
tnodnrn Inventions. We have steamers on
all the large rivers and we send ships once
a year up the Mackenzie to the Arctlo
ocean, taking a cargo of goods from post to
post and bringing back furs. We have
boats upon Hudson's bay and our vessels
come from England to those posts once a
year to bring supplies and to tske out the
furs. Wa have now two ships of so) or n
tons each for that purpose. We also have
telephones and telegraphs in place away
up in th far north."
"How about your flour mills?"
! "We have them at several points where
no on thought until recently that wheat
could be grown. W have mill several
hundred miles north of Edmonton snd 600
or 700 miles north of the United States
boundary which Is grinding flour for our
own trade. The wheat is raised near the
mills and we can, of course, make flour
much cheaper than we can Import it. This
enables us to give better terms to the In
dian and It also keeps out competition."
Company and Canada.
"What has the Hudson Bay company
done for Canada?"
"A great deal. Lord Btrathcona says that
it saved the western part of the Canadian
Dominion to England and that had it not
been for our company the United States
would probably have had ponsesslon of th.s
great northwest. Tou see, our posts were
established there long before your people
had any hope of a valuable territory In that
direction, su thst aftr yr,u had made your
Luultluna purchase and came northward
you found us on the ground. Indeed, the
whole of western Canada waa long con
trolled and governed by the Hudioo Bay
company."
"The company has now given up its po
litical rights, has it aot?"
"Yes. The Canadian government bought
out our control of the northern part of
British America about generation ago.
We are now a civil institution and not a po
litical one."
"What did you receive from that trade?"
"The price paid was 300,000, or $l,B0O,Oofl
cash, and one-twentieth of all the arabl
lands in what Is now called the great farm
lng region of the Canadian northwest. Tin
land grant comprises about IDO.000,000 acres.
We have, in short, about one-twentieth pi
the wheat belt, or two sections in everj
township scattered here and there through
it. We did not take the lands In a block,
but they are selected In every part of tin
new Canada."
"Will, your company sell the land aa a
whole?"
"No; we want to see the country settled,
Our idea la to sell In small tracts and mak
our money out of the increase in the valut
of the land remaining."
"Are you selling your lands now?"
"Yes, but we ar not pushing them. Th
company does not want to speculate, and
we are trying to handle this matter so at
to get all that Is possible out of it V
ell at the top price and shall continue t
advance our prices as the market ad
vances." FRANK Q. CARPENTER,
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OL'-
FERD. T. HOPKINS, Prop.
47 Croat Jones St, Nw York.
