froi (ESCI Hill! it f a H t i i i i 4 ( ,4 George M. White, once torious Bank RobLer, Hew He A colossal system c extortion, blackmail aaid wholesale robbery that mater -the averaje prisoner 3l novice by coTapariroiv. n ROM the chief of the r.inwi bsnd of safe robbers who were con-j vlcted and Imprisoned In 1M eonni n extraordinary utorjr or ban robbing and prison life, given ex- rtuslvelv to the Sunday uraAi.n. , According to police record and prison experts George M. White, the au-i 'hor .f thli record, whi'n operating under j the name of George Bliss tu at the head of the great bonk burglar combina tion in the country. He Napoleonic In his originality and during. Among "thorn, he was Intimately associated wltn Mark Shlnburn, a bank robber of world wide fame. Under their direct command were "Fairy" McQulre, "Charlie" Bul ls rd. "Dave" Bartlett, "Ike" Marsh. Big John" Brady, Blmmnns and "Sandy" MeCormack seven of the most expert crooks In America. Shlnburn, a German crook, reached New York In 1861. lived In expensive hotels and got acquainted with the gamblers and thieves of the town. One of the first of the powerful criminals to Join his band and become his confidential adviser was George Bliss, toe author of this ar ticle. First came the robbery In New Hamp shire of the Walpol Savings Bank, April 21, 1866. Next came an attempt to rob the bank at Bt. Alban'.. Vt., In 166 Then the Delaware, Lackawanna and Hudson Canal Company's safe was robbed of $116,000; but the exploit that par alyzed the New York police was the rob bery of the Ocean National Bank of n million and a quarter of dollars. St .11. It was the later comparatively small bank robbing affair up In Barre that caused White, alias George Bliss, to be captured, oonvloted and sent to prison. Bliss was a man of great Intelligence, amazing resources and Ingenuity. No en terprise was too great for his genius and daring. When Shlnburn once broke away from his guards In prison, riwhed through an open door and Into the woods, doubled baok on his pursuer and escaped, the feat was mad possible hy Bliss. He was a master grafter. He bointht up detec tives, saying nothing of high prison or flolals. He had relays of horses strung along the road all the way from New Hampshire to Boston. licked men armed to the teeth were In charge of the animals at every point. On these horses Shlnhurr. rode at breakneck speed to the seacoast and escaped to Belgium. No- s" z? Tells :.,. - -r-IV Paid $40,000 for His Liberty. I ""- i v '" R-;.' .: '111 Ova Crwict. wascutofl from the world-sepai d tiv...ijou want anything, give me tall I loved from wife and devoted friends Hiand,.rl with shame. I was a helyless con vict, with the terrors of Drlxon solitude haunting me night and day. "I was so crushed that I could scerceK realire my position. That 1. a Bon of 1 t.ws looking over a lot Jew Fnsland na rents, trained In the Chris-i that I had turned sald:- Then. quietly locking the door of the dark cell he diminneared. leaving me to wonder whether It was a trick or whettier he was really the friend he professed. "A fortnight lator one or the contrac- of wagon axles -'You are doing tian faith, was to wenr the garb of ainrat rate. I'resently we will let you d convict seemed monstrous. My only con-! more by yourself." Then t knew that a solution was that my Identity was un-i strong influence was at work In our behalf, known to the officials and the world I'l might explain that we had already laid had given a false hanw. 'plans for eecape, but found many obstacles i In the way. tine day Klntrsland. who had "rl" "a roitxics. previously served a term In Sing Sing, remaps uie worst of the prison es- the word.' J skin and bones. He advised me to use my Such Is the character ot the Yankee bank ' convict; robber who was always a gentlemen, sod nnally reformed, went into business end Is now a respectable cltiien with letters of thanks and recommends Hon from the gov ernment for his services In finding stolon United Slates Treasury note plates and tern Is the character and make-up or a large per cent of the officials and em ployes. Men without experience or triln Ing for such positions failing In other pursuits for lack of ability manage to ob tain fat positions through political pull. The greater a man's rascality the greater the grafter's Influence In office. "If the reader had seen as I have men strung up by the thumbs hanging In rows until blood burst from their skin In their agony he would get some Idea of the brutality of New York's Infamous prison system. "Such was the condition of affairs when; We entered Auhurn. We were told in brutal tones to take off our hats and face the wall. We Were ordered to clean our-i selves in a. repulsive bath room ttiat had' not been scrubbed In months. They gave us mlsere.ble towels and clothing. Some of the garments were In r.igs. some too large, Others too small. Poffeiln? acutely, with rheumatism, 1 asked the frlvl'-ege of keeping my heavier underwear and was. i old 'Shut up, we do the talking here, not; you. i naerstana you are noming put a said our chances of getting away from tint Institution would be far better, and so we asked our New York friends to have -insferred to Sing Sing. "Charlie King, an old friend of Klngs- lanil. came up, Saying that one of the prl Influence and be kept off contract work. It could be done, he said, by getting the doctor to report me unable to endure the n.irJshlp of the contract shop. Of course tho doctor must be paid his prioe. While waiting for my money to come a deal wiu made with the doctor to have me asslgnod to his servlct. Accordingly. I became his hostler, and later Was employed In the disi ensary. for this I paid 1300 In cash 1 found my new occupation quite agree-! able, having but nne horse to care for during the day. The doctor lived In the village and traveled back and forth to the prison daily. His horse was stabled In the north end of the yard and I soon had the run of the prison grounds. By special arrangement and the payment of more money I ate and slept In the hospital. "It Is Interstlng to recall Aa Incident on Inspectors had been approached and touching horse feed. There was no grain that. at the next monthly Board meeting and Httle hay In the barn. When I asked an ord.r would be Issued tor my ttanrer 'the doctor about it he told me the man and later a gambler and politician wouid In charge of the warden's stable would obtain the transfer of Klngsland. jlve me oats for the horse. On present- r- I r. v r" s s :,'.".. .-.it t - . -mi . " . rr---c? t - you own noining. noi even ine I N TF .w - - j VJ i , . ! ? j , "w wrf-' I I "While we were hurrying Into our lags I ; '. : . 't ! W . r"- ( . t . v , as fast as possible the keeper yelled, 'Are' t t s'" T --wy- ,; ' vou convicts asleep? Tills Is no Fifth I - I i ?TbiL,H ' ' iveniie hrttel. Hurry up and get out.1. ' , ' 4 : t ) X'' "' 1 1 fa '" ? ,: Huch was our Introduction to Auburn I ?'e v ' iff f '" L -.-y m "m ; i . . . it w .... j I . . , . , . . ( .. . , - - y J . ' -''. J . . I. I I ' . ' ' s " . '' '-- ,. ' 1 lift .2 ' ..... . . . y y . T . - "V II u - TfcN-. t '.''l il. ! ,R,r mm::, wr-mm.JL m Otvc of the watch lovers - ji j '.r - Jl ; : WW A W j watching us, taking in the situation, thre-w 'down their tools and eight of them tum bled aboard before the tug could get clear of the dock. The captain was fully alive to the situation and cut loose from tho nnihniii On the Jersev side of the Hud- !son these eight men who had come aboard. escaped, and our party of four were landed at the Nyack dock and separated. Be cause the eight men had Joined our party bulll, with i large hox or space frame beneath the rear e,it :r enough for man of my slse to slow himself In. One Sat urday afternoon In le'erbr my carriage appeared with a driver In llverv on the box nourishing his wh p over a aranklng team of bays. A gentlemen railed the 'Captain' sat on the back s.-a'. The gent le nt in with oermit t) vln he orison alighted and entered the office, leivlng the driver, Charley Osborn, to go to the wr den's stable asking for water 'or the horses. The stable crew turned out n rull frce. and Osbnrr. asked them to sample some of the Captain's whiskey. The ones ! istler smiled and headed the line for Idilnks That no one mlg'it see them, ttir I repaired to the stable office, and In a short jtlme were ss quiet as lambs, deeply under i the Influence of the best whiskey money .ould buy. When all was quiet 1 '.'haneed I that way, boarded the vehicle, rulsod the nock seat and disappeared In the chamber beneath. "The carriage and whlskry svrred us well. Uttle d.d 1 think when I bought the llreoort stables two years berore. at a coRt or t3a,0UO, that It would be the means of giving me a swell ride out of Sing Sing. The carriage remained In the prison sta ble yard for ten or fifteen mlntMes, while Owlxirn was disteihulln th nf the ! whiskey among the men. Then at a sig nal Ouborn says, ! must drive the or flce and get the gentleman I lert. You may keep the Jug, boys, ainl drink w hat's left.' Lying In the bottom of the carnag. under the seat, 1 could hear all that was said. The carriage remained at the front entrance nearly tUleen minutes, with the driver exercising the horses a bit on the pavement. At last the gentleman came out, resumed his seat In the carriage, and away we went down the macadamised road for New York. "My position under the seat was ome whAt cramped, and t was glad when we reached .a secluded spot to change my prison garb for the clothing of a citizen. there was great commotion at the prison. A paaelng steamer was hailed and offered j Arter some rapid driving we reached New a thousand dollars by a prison official i York early In the evening, and again 1 to overhaul us, but the captain declined, I wus under our family roof in West Twen saylng he did not care to get mixed up ty-flrst street. In the affair. The wires were kept hot "Four days arter my escape from Sing in all directions warning the police of Slug a quartet of men In middle life were neighboring towns and New Yolk cityjseated la a private supper room In Del deteotives of our escape. The news that ; monlco's. Two prison olllcials, my backer dozen Sing Sing prisoners were at largeiand myself made the quartet. These State aroused the country for miles around. officers had come to get the tlo.Wiu contln- . tttli i r. Rir.J. i 8 tkr.'.! Wk .3 1 1 V "Hi foiling a vast conspiracy for flooding the Prison. A week later I saw my own ha..' country with bogus money printed from ( Coat and waistcoat, which they had takm genuln government plates. i Trout nie, on the person of one of the This man was know u as Williams, an guards. j It cost him $40,000 to escape. How he 't: "After they had cut our hair with horse powerful political lnlluences at work und clippers and raked off our beard with three nnally rea)d la graphically told. swipes of lather and a dull razor we' The members of the band had com- wore locked up in cells until the next dty. '. mltted other crimes and served partial our f&xe was bread and boot leg coflee, sentences tn various parts of the ccuntry. for supper, with uali, ureud and coffee; Then tiiey attempted to rob a country for breakfast. ' bank and failed and were captured and; "About nine o'clock In the morning wej sentenced to Auburn Prison, lu a lew were taken to the front office, and our dava the leader set about a plan tor es-, pfcdlrree) recorded. W bad been posted cape. The main thing was to get them- oa the questions likely to be asked, and selves transferred to ting Sing, which was better our future condition we said we then the headquarters of political prison were machinists, so we might be assigned grift under the control and oicuo "(to the same ahp. Hut It didn't worn. T)i TTA-eetin ox, Dclmoni cos or tke ettl e meTt: powerful men in New York, deep In poll tl s and crime, The Stcry of Escape Klngsland and myself were turned over to the contractor running the axle shop.j and "rail Jim' was assigned to the collar l c ry tv Oeorse M. With Klngsland I bean work at the lhe narrative is lJ.. "!bUss turning lashesi under the instruction of White, al as Will ains. alias Ueorge BU", J. l waji m0 wtul that iney wno, wun "iaii Jim "J r: ', in r Vi a r-ffn nt tho lut llA rtn tha H frinrwaterTown Xi" " with attempting to rob th. bank ttt.( on uuru rnwn. ! oth eurely.' It was a aolenin oooaslon, and "TU Jim" was tu on y son u Wiou. enough for us. as we had so recent- try hotel proprietor. Although a brtghti w fcom(- j toung man unj a favorite at hwne, he was ..,n f(f d4yj an ,ml, oilttJ lor m ident a natural crook and began his downward occund jj WM preliminary to negoua Uie svi early In boyhood that on becofn-)U(n fQf essauoe. X eooa discovered. His of ase he l-ame a burglar ind - M Um , knjw that t eeivu.1 a twenty eur sentence to Clin-, vl,.Ke,, , wlg to a fivor(Hj too prison. After serving nve yesus the prlauow becau.s I waa supposed to have boy was pardoned, through Us UWJOwyi therefore an object of in- Inrtui-n. , chlerty because of ma youth i and, tere w u) Brarttr,. The kS' er cam to en;.u:'iK p-ionallty lie prom aid to Unhx-ke4 tne door, saying. '1 have torn a It leaf and abandon 1.1s old asso- u da ,fo m, clatea. Then a position was found for him , Urfx how toe blood ruehed, in a New York bank and he kerned on he t'm an4 , tMdM what 1 was road ta t roai.-tun and honor. I nfor u-, ' h.d f0 j tunidl rot'i)' r again and was sent to the' "1 asiitd lor o ex.auatioo. in a plras- a:il voice the keeper said, Columbus tohlo) pruwij. Tor tea years, oriy, " , a dark cell to make a sensational e-ape and diaap-, e iT. . I lAfll 1 Ul.UUi as long as' ood ntwa fori I Htr.cs. vou A friend of vours la here from New Klngsland. another bright boy. had- iiv..i. t him nia moriilinf I, i.i . t .iw! similar record. 1U becaiue a skilful thief, w,,h him ,nl promised te look out for you but he was loo reckless aud was nnally ami ri)UX pl Klngsland. There are three taptured and senteuced. Thus the ban4 en- tered Auburn together aud la that institu tion the story begins. Uoorge OX. White lel'.s It: "it was a beautiful April day when we boxes o provisions now in the ortioe for you, and in the morning you will rind a tlaak ot whiskey. But be careful; don't let any one smell the liquor on your breath.' Then, lowering his voice, he entered the gl.omy walls of Auburn Prts-Idded. I saust not be sewn here too Ions on. once tn!.U lae structure, a change' Kemember. 1 am jro.tr fn. r. l, and w ill do came over our dreams. After all my'my best for you. Take my advVe. Ixt! bravado and Indifference to the fearful none of the keepers or prisoners Into yourj iimam-ny ui wune, l was now sobered and conndence. Bay niuiing. Keep your eyes appalled. The siluaiioo unnerved uie, liepen, and you will soon Ut ail rU&l. If 'Tills was cheering news. Indeed. One forenoon, at the close of the fifth wek of my Imprisonment, my trlend the keep er said olllcers had arrived from S n Sin and arrangements had been l.iada lor mej to return with them, and he fcdded, aith1 a sniiie, 'You must have good, friends, In-j deed. I congratulate you." 1 might say,, parenthetically, that had I known what, afterward transpired I might have escaped lrom Auburn a little later, when 'Jimmy' Hoi and his pais went out, and 1 would, have been saved a large part of the if'.iw that 1 eventually paid for tsvaplng from, j.ng Birtg the secund time. 1 was to dis-l cover that ttie Sing Sing system ot graft reached the jioint ot brigandage. It was simply pay your money or sun. r the ron-y sequences. Next came two men. with any; tiuuioer of minor prison officials, all pecting to be handsomely rewarded be-' cause of my hue prospects for gpttlugl away. Graft was la lhe air, and the maul . 1. .1 ; 1 . . . . . n . . . . w.v-.l.t - . I . ' Wild wun . J""J ".urn I f 1 t'l 1 1 . "In a few days 1 was sent for, given a new surt of clothes, and made ready for the trtn to Sing Sing. Aaother nrln't.. be transferred was a New York couvict. a1 saloon keeper and Tummany ward heeler.! who had desertel to the toung Democra-y. His political enemies put up a Job oa liim. Tney got a thief to drop a watch into his pucket und the property was found and he was convicted and ent to Auburn. W e reached Sing Sing on the night iralu and had good accommodations In a Skene". "Soon after reaiun. king S.ng a pilsoner I had known In the cliy as a stock broker, who had received a five yeur sentence for selling stolec ooiios. gave nia some val-j uable hints oa the ys:em of jtIsoii out rages there. ne saij tnat contractors nd prison officials w. re In league to get the last dollar out of a ci ntiact, and the men uot uaing a loJ ur worked -o lug the doctor's order for oats the puw limn explained his own embarrassment. "He said: 'We're already short ot feeJ. I am now supplying half a dozen officers and contractors .with the grain that 1 am stealing from ho warden's supply. U -ctuse of this the warden is making a kick. However, i suppose the extra horse will not make things much morse, but please do uot ask for grain ti supply the doctor's barn In the villsge. Its bad enough to feed Ills horse at the prison ata bloa. We poor convicts are trying to re form, but If we're txpeclvd to do more than our share of stealing from the war den's stable it will be hard for lis all 'round, and besides we will lose out Jobs.' The grain held out, however, and It was not long before we were feeding not only the doctor's horse at the prison stable but l we of the doctor s horses In the villsge. Tn-sfer Co t $1.0)0 "I was lucky to escape contract work, even at a cost of i. 1 was now living in the hospital, nnd had leisure enough to arrange plans for escape. It was necessary to arrange vim some trusty msn, a per manent resident of Sing Slug village. Such a man was found. I paid Vb, and he be came route agent, carrying my letters back and forth from the prison. 1 learned that my transfer (ram Auburn had cost Jl.ujn. "The next event Was the transfer of Klngsland. who reached King Smg about a month after my arrival there. It cost my pal a nve hundred dollar diamond ring, and for iart more he obtained the posi tion of hall waiter. . tbo.eived that the river front of tiie prison at this time had no iron fence, us Is the case now. and tnat many of the prison supplies and contractors' goods were shipped by boat the landing bulkhead ex tending uearly cUs tutire lauth of the prison yard. Heie was our opportunity AN iWn the Jersey larmer and constables tor escape by chartering a tug towing all heard taut $j0 reward was offered, Wltn empty canal boat. Accordingly the licc- each for our party, -the Jersey people sary 'arrangements were maJe1 ' alUMkly swarmed along the river front, out "Meanwhile my wife, notwithstanding on" our retreat and after several halr the strict prison rules allowing only breudth escape we were captured and monthly visits, wis permitted to hold long dragged buck to Sing Sing. If lhe carriage interviews with me weekly. A five dollar had been awaiting us in Nyack as we bill was the magic Influence that procured planned, the result would have been far uiUlmlu-d visits with no limit on the time different. We were not only captured, hut she remained with me; so it was easy to the band thiut followed us aboard the plan for my escape. The said five dollar canal boat and helped to epoll our plan of iilll was always found between the leaves escape was captured and returned to Sing ot a book which she brought and handed Sing, to the offlcial in charge of the visiting ,iorture EtCAotd. room when she came to see me. This book i ..,, . , , . . artairs wltn me as long as pnH(,nc.r.hunK up by the thumbs. "Kinburn 'Well, if we let your man off,' was said. rlal.S .h i fr? . . .5 1 ih Tit' '' liave to "e ame for the rest of Calais and their rllticl friend, considered ,he . rlnall a oomroiiil.e was -u f ni4I.' ",nd w'6' Py0" 10 agreed on. and our punishment reduced to r.f,. -i'.v.aCCOr?w8' re""1 ai' y Wire, days In the dark cell, with ball ,-nd wits, with a coH head, to keep them wliliin chttln ftn(1 an assignment to the quarry reasonable bounds In their demands. King. To work wllU tile 8tono ,ang WJtB About the middle of June a certain man punishment Indeed, in New York paid me a visit, and a day vr . j ioon began to realize wluu an old two Utter 'Personal' appeared In the Naw hne prisoner meant when he said I knew Yons Hbrai-U, indlcaUng In cipher that nothing of the prison life of a man wltli the tug might be expected at half-past out money, trlend or a political pull, eleven A. M., on the day agreed upon, d.-J also discovered that a political pull did playing a red flag at the bow. Uot last long without big money back of "When I finally saw e.hat 'Personal' lit. In a few days a fiiendly keeper In could scarcely contain myself. My heart formed me that myself and Kingaiand beat as if it weighed a pound. At the Iwere to be went back to Auburn. It re time appointed the tug appeared, with the quired no prophrt to explain what this red Mag Hying, and halt an heur later, me-int. It was a bid for graft. Something with the canal boat in tow, the craft was Iliad to be done at once. alongside the din;k, but, unfortunatf ly, "Ti make a lmr story short, it was do there was a strong tide, with a heavy elded that I would have to pay Uto.ooo wind, Which made it Impossible to get In or g" Auburn. learned that they t.u proper position, so our escape was lrM! anaious 10 gel us ail out or the way. of for a day or two. ir,e "tlclal said that If we remained, even .... . ... . i.. iu- ir carrvina Da i ana rni n mif I Boon snowier x'erei.uiai appearea in tuc , . , , - Hkkai.ii. and this time It was arranged ",m' ""' ",hi.n m but to pay I iror a horwi and carriage to be In walling ' ' R' u wre i'nperative-1 In Nvack. to tak. u to Jersey City, on ls;' casn remainder to be' arrt.l f o.rr in. and before the B,-,IPa.tt .iter wa escapeo. of our escape could reach Nyack. UnfiM! "Then, after another conferenoe wMh tunately, this feature ailed. , some officials, the deal was ratined. and "It waa a clear day In August when tha!? ,on knocked off our ankles. Things tug. with an empty canal boat lasbed 0'b' ame P"'"1 Vut the prison, and we her starboard side, steamed In doe to lh herd no n,un ot nl ta All- prison dock. 1 figured that when once we ,7!?-' . . wete inside the empty caual boat, we' found ourselve. in favor again and would be protected against the guns of the our t" veI,y agreeable. Though no plan guards; but when we got aboard, we found ,0r an immediate esc tpe Was in sight, w they were too much bewildered and ex- J'J not despair, and 1 turned my wits to cited to do any effective shooting. Four "ranging for a second flight. Our mail of us climbed aboard and dropped out of carrying arrangements were working full :u Into the hold of the canal boat, time, and we could get letters In aad out and we were congratulating ourselves on of. the prison without difficulty or delay, our es ape when the unexpected hap- M tarn ly were living in New York, and pened and proved our undoing. among my livery stable vehicles there was "As we disappeared into the canalooat. a two seated carriage which I thought Just a company ot in isoner working nearby the tiling to aid me la escape, I had It re gent money. To meet this payment for not sending Klngsland and myi-elf back to Auburn and allowing us a clear field to escape from Sing Sing my wife, through the head of i business linn, placed a $6,000 mortgage on our residence. In West Twenty-first street, and the bulance waa mude up from. the sale of a block of bank stock. "It was surprising to observe as wa sat around the table In Delmonlco's how cour teous and quiet these gentlemen were out side their prison fortress. One woula never imagine them the bulldozing ruf- StorlJ ,rtte,y kno,n at 81n Blng. Sto les were told over the win. aad I cou d scarcely rehe that these mm had masU.yn'rf,,'tr '" 8m masters , only f my.)f but of n pcci'allv'", 1,U,TVnd a" prtlally the blackmail and the graft Of .ourse I nun not have been Torcld to .y the inoney legally. It was a debt of honor and had to be paid, and I have never regretted keeping my word. I dTS not hand the money to the official, direct ly. It was given to my backer and he made the payment. "During our conversation over telmon leos wine I learned that mv escape had not been discovered until the night lock up. Then a half dozen stable men were questioned, but they were still drunk ana had to be kept in their cells twenty-four Work "ff ,hPlr 1 'lPose that they were the drunkest men know In Sing Hmg for years. "1 louiinuel to reside In New York tir ing openly like any other citizen, looking after my various business interests wlt iout molestation. In July, is;;), Governor Dig grsnted me a pardon at the pe( M1 re"! lest w V.'.'.','. S,,,, At,""ey General U.-.'.i-ge H. Williams, then In tieiierul (irant's c . -lnet. The pardon was granted In ( u.,-a. eratlon of valuable Information rurniR d to the Treasury Department In Washing ton regarding the whereabouts of 'o;Xed government bond plates that had mad,- t'i government great trouble, with a loss of hundreds of thousands of d 'liars t :h. public. My .ervlee. were considered s i Im portant that Colonel Whitely, then chief of the Secret Service, favored! this paidun, snd he had Instructions from the Solictor of the Treasury to spare neither time nor expense In recovering the plates. My par don I. saia io oe tne oniy one ever granted by a New York Governor to an escaped prisoner while still at large and an un expired term to serve." I Martin Evans, a Tennessee mllllonuaire, I lias bought Government Pe.ik. In the Colo rado Kange. near Pueblo, and has named lit the Avails mausoleum. He has decided to reaarve it as the monumental burial ground of hi. faJiiUy. r