X
Normbr 19. 1903.
TOE OMAHA ILLUSTRATED DEE.
New Zealand Its Laws, Climatic Conditions and
BIRiyS-ETB VIEW OP WEIX-INGTOJI. '
WAY flislnnt In tha Tlfln n4 k. , ...
J Is land little known to th pre- h
natur ha ahowered blessing
upon tha Inhabitants, where th
torrid heat of summer and winter's blasts
r unknown, a country as charming and
SS bountiful In resources as any under the
un. It Is an emerald gem, clothed the year
round In robes of varied green, posessslng
mountains of the grandest character, whose
oresta are everlastingly tipped with snow,
lakes and rivers as clear and placid as the
world possesses and hills and valley, whose
surface supplies abundant food for millions
of sheep and cattle. It I a land of sun
shine and plenty, blessed with a climate
averaging about 70 degrees in the summer
time and 60 to 66 during the winter. The
elements have combined here, and that
combination has been In force, dating back
to the beginning of the world, or at least,
to a time when tho memory of man run
neth not to the contrary. Warm winds
and sunny skies prevail almost throughout
the year, and the earth, a rich, volcanic
soli, pioducea a wealth of product not
surpassed per acre by any other country.
The cereals and tho fruits of the temperate
lone grow abundantly here and potatoes
and turnips are measured by the ton, rather
than tba bushel.
Location and Area.
New Zealand Is divided Into three island r
the north, the middle, and south or Stewart
island. It length, on a direct line from
north to south, Is a trifle over 1.0m mile.
It contain a little over 104.471 square mile,
is 6,000 mile directly southwest from San
Francisco, and la reached In seventeen
day from this latter point. The journey
Is broken by a day' stop at Honolulu,
and another at Pago Pago. Auckland Is
the port of entry from America, and has
one of the most beautiful harbors In the
world. Other Important porta are Welling
ton, Lyttleton, Dunedln, Napier and New
Plymouth.
New Zealand was discovered by Captain
Abel Tasman In 1G42, after whom Tasman
sea, tho great stretch of water lylnjr be
tween New Zealand and Australia, was
named. This body of water Is, in reality,
a part of the Paclflo ocean, 1.20O mile wide,
between New Zealand and Australia, and
requiring the fleetest steamers three days
and night from Wellington, New Zealand,
to Sydney, New South Wales, or Australia,
as It Is usually called. Before sailing from
America to New Zealand, I frequently
aBked the question as to the distance from
New Zealand to Australia and was awarded
with an estimate, varying from one mile
to a thousand.
4)
Condition of Maoris.
Captain Cook landed In New Zealand in
17G9. He was tho explorer of the country
He found the Islands inhabited by a war
like race, known as Maoris. The occupants
of the Island surely, but steadily, faded
before the approach of the white man;
they fitted Into his ways of living to a
great degree and, through the evolution of
time, drifted gradually, but surely. Into the
rut made by the white people. Their chil
dren attend schools regularly, are exceed
ingly blight and apt, are natural musicians
and have no love for hard work. The
older folk maintain their traditions, their
war dances, their pot, or dance of celebra
tion, -emblematic of pleasure, and their
tangi. or funeral services. Is prolonged at
times for weeks. In fact as long as the
food lasts, for it is the custom of neigh
boring tribes to attend these ceremonies,
and they always are received with shouts
of welcome and expected to stay and
mournfully rejoice until the bread and the
potatoes are consumed. There were orlg-
Inally In the neighborhood or lw.ow or tnese scheme mapped out upon paper. It ha
Maoris, but they are now reduced to les been authorized by the Canadian Parlla
than 40,000. The govenmcnt ha taken many ment; $33,000,000 worth of Orand Trunk Pa
steps for their welfare and they lead the clno bonds, guaranteed by the government
easy life which nature intended for them,
New Zealand began its educational and
commercial development In about the year
1840. Since that time no nation in the world
lias shown greater strides toward building
up a colony, which nature previously cre
ated Into an El rkirado, and the brains and
intelligence of progressive men have sown
the seeds of human content and happiness,
ana tney nave seen tne narvesi ripen ana
enjoyed by those who are contented, happy
and prosperous. The population of the
colony Is Just a trifle less than 1,000,000
and, with the exception of the Maoris, are
white people, English and Scotch.
Lawmaker of Zealand.
I had heard and read much of their laws,
and now had the opportunity to study mem
thoroughly, the character of the men who
enacted them and the result of those law
upon the residents of the colony. I was
afforded every opportunity for study and
investigation. The premier, RL Hon. R. J.
Seddon. granted mo several Interview and
said that they wanted their country and It
laws known to all the world. There wa
nothing secret, nothing lilddtn. but the
book of their lives was open for Inspection,
and he believed that we might read of th ir
experience and successes with profit. I had
the pleasure of attending Parliament ev-
rnl times and of hearing the premlor
speak. His every word carries the truth;
he is large of stature, fearless of mien and
has the courage of conviction. He doe not
mince his words, but deals sledge hammer
blows In all his arguments. He has been
the premier for fourteen year and he and
his colleagues have been Instrumental In
passing the laws which are now being so
frequently referred to In many countries,
Mr. Seddon started out in life as a poor
boy, with nothing but heakb and strength
and a never-swerving will to accomplish
his undertakings. He has gradually climbed
the ladder of fame and lias reached it
greatest height In hi own country, til
chief adviser and colleague, Hon. Bir Jos-
i,h Ward, Is another self-made mn.
forced to eek hi own way at the sis of
IX lie entered the postal service, studied
bights and deprived himself the pi assure,
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mlrht obtain an education. He now of
postmaster general, colonial secretary,
minister of public health, minister of trad
and commerce and minister In charge of
tourist department. Sir Joseph Ward had
the honor of knighthood conferred upon
him In 1902 for conspicuous services. The
lives of Mr. Seddon and Sir Joseph Ward
are held forth as lessons for the growing
youth of New Zealand, showing that from
the ranks of the humble folk their mlghtl-
est men have risen.
I very soon had an opportunity of seeing
the effects of one of their laws, that of
compulsory education. During iny tour of
the colony I was brought In contact with
people In every station of New Zealand
life. Hospitality Is pronounced with them;
It is as spontaneous as the bubbling spring;
It never ceases. They study the ways,
they provide the means to make the tour
ist's stay pleasant and one to be favorably
remembered. The little child, who, though
barefoeted and a little of Mother Earth's
substance on hi feet, thanks you kindly
when you buy a paper, or. If you decline.
he says "Thank you" as he rushes across
the street to attempt another sale. The
cabman of America, that fierce Individual,
who can hurl at you invectives never
Canada's
(Copyrighted, 1S06, by Prank O. Carpenter.)
ONTREAL. Nov. 16. (Special Cor
M
respondence of The Bee.) I have
just had a long talk with Prank
IlTjJ W. Morse, the vice president and
' general manager of the new trunk
line which the government of Canada Is
building from ocean to ocean. I say the
government, for although the road is being
engineered under the Grand Trunk Paciflo
railway management, and although it will
really belong to that company. It Is being
built on government guarantees, and tho
eastorn half of It by government engineer .
and on government contracts.
It is the biggest single job any govern
ment has ever undertaken, with perhaps
the exception of the Transstberlan railway
and the Panama canal. Its building will be
as difficult as that of the Transstberlan. and
It will cost JlC3.etXi.000, or more than half as
much as the Panama canal.
Transport yourself In your imagination
back to the time when the United State
had 6.000,000 people. We had about 3,000,000.
I believe, when Jefferson was president.
Think of the period when most of our cltl-
sens were along the Atlantic seaboard and
BOUtn of j ake Er((S Bnd 0ntarlo and up.
pose that we then had determined to build
an iron track through the wilderness from
Boston to San Francisco, and thence north
to Seattle. That Is somewhat like what
this little 6,000,000 nation Is undertaking
now. It Is surveying a new line of railroad
3m mllfs ,ong whlcn Bna)I connect ,Ia.
fax. Nova Scotia, with Port Simpson, on the
Pacific ocean, not far from the lower end of
Alaska, about 600 miles north of Puget
sound, and perhaps half that distance south
of Sitka, in Alaska. The line everywhere
runs several hundred miles north of the
American boundary. In the Rockies It is
about SOO miles north. It goes most of the
way through a new and unsettled country,
and for 1,000 miles or so through lands so
suited for farming that Mr. Morse tells me
they will soon be as thickly populated a
Iowa or Nebraska.
Thousands Already at Work.
This railroad la not a mere posslblllty-
have been Issued, and they were subscribed
for ten times over. The money Is at the
call of the managers, and It Is being put
Into the worn a rapidly a possible. Al-
ready 37S miles of road are under construe-
tlon. Two thousand men are at work lay-
Ing the rail between Winnipeg and Ed-
monton, and by this time next year there
will be an army of laborers pushing the
construction all along
the line.
The road la being built to stay. The gov
ernment contract provides that it shall be
as good as the line of the Grand Trunk be
tween Toronto and Montreal, and thWt 1 a
good as any road on the continent. The
Transsiborian was made with rails which
were far too light for tho traffic, and the
whole road must now be relald. Ho Prince
iiiiKofr. the Russian scretary of railroads.
told me when I talked with him about that
line Just before the war with Japan. The
Canadian Paclflo waa originally laid with
flfty-six-pound rails; that Is, with rail
which weighed fifty-six pounds to the yard,
Thl ha all been changed, and the road
now ha the heavy rails and all the Ira-
provements of the New York Central or the
Pennsylvania. The Grand Trunk Pacific 1
being laid with rails which weigh eighty
pounds to the yard, and ts grade will be
the least, so Mr. Morse says, of any trans-
continental line,
pitted in 191L
Tbe road will be coin-
Ilow Canada Hallos Railroad.
Before I tell you the story of the road,
let me give you a thumb-nail sketch of Its
manager. It will show you the kind of men
woo are moing tnings in lanaaa today.
The vice president and manager of this
great enterprise Is about eight years
younger that President Itoosevelt. He I
about a tall a our president, and not
quite so heavy. He looks younger than he
really is, and every molecule of his anat-
omy seems to be fed with red young blood,
Like the greatest of Canada' railroad men.
he is American born and American bred.
lie came irom irayetie. tna., was edu-
cated as a mechanical engineer, and had
his training on the Wabash and other of
our systems before he took charge of tbe
engineering department of the Orand
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equ.ilM L ',1 :". !.. i 'iit-lluoat in "The
Pirate's Own Hook," lias lost himself In
New Zealand and, in his stead, we And a
polite Individual who say "Thank you"
wirft he opens the cab door, 'Thank you"
when you step out and "Thank you" when
you hand him his pay. Education and po
liteness go together they make a good
combination. Teaching Is entirely secular
and free. Religious teaching may be given
after school hour on certain conditions.
.Law the World Notices.
Among the laws which have attracted at
tention throughout the civilised world are
the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration
act, the Advance to Settlers act, the Lands
for Settlement act and the Old Age Pen
sion act
The Industrial Conciliation and Arbitra
tion act is, as its title Imputes, for the
purpose of preventing strikes and the In
terruption of business. When an employe
Is dissatisfied with his wages he complain
to his employer. If the employer refuse
to advance the wages, then the matter la
taken before the Arbitration court This
court consists of a judge of the supreme
court and two assessors, one appointed by
the Workers' union, the other by the Em
ployers' association. This court take evi
dence and decide the matter la dispute.
New Highway Across the
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FRA?TC W. WORST?, OFNTTRAL MANAGER CANADA') NT7W RAILWAY.
Trunk. He came to the Grand Trunk
through hi friendship of Charle M. Hay,
It president, with whom be ha been
closely associated for many years. Mr.
Morse has a big head, a smooth open face
and a bright, clear blue eye. He talk well,
and is enthusiastic over the Grand Trunk
Pacific and Its possibility.
As to the government's relation to the
railway he said:
"The road ha two divisions, an eastern
and a western division. The eastern dlvi-
slon runs from the Atlantic ocean tu Win-
nipeg. It 1,800 mile long and It will
be constructed by the Canadian govern-
ment. The western division runs from
Winnipeg to the Pacific ocean. It is also
1.S00 miles long. It ls Jio be built by tho
Grand Trutut pacific company.
"When the Canadian government ha
completed the eastern division of the road,
by Its contract with u it is bound to lease
It to the Grand Trunk Paciflo for fifty
years. For the first seven years we pay
nothing but the working expenses and for
forty-three years thereafter we annually
pay per cent on the actual cost of con-
Btruction. A to the western dlvlatjn, that
will be built with our own money, but the
government guarantees our bonds to the
exteut of $13,000 per mil when tne road
crosses the prairies, and to three-fourths
of the actual cost of construction vhen it
goes over the mountains."
" "
Grain t hate to tho Great Lakes.
But is mere no iana grant wltu the rail -
road. Mr. Morse?'
"Not on the main line. W have a
branch going down through New Ontario
to Port Arthur. Tin 1 known as the
Lake Superior branch. It will be used
merely as the outlet of our great wheat
traffic to water transportation, and will
rather be a mighty grain chute 'nan a
passenger line. For it we get from the
provincial goternment K.oco in rash and
.0w) acre of land per tulle."
"But is It not dangerous to agree to pay
i per cent on any road built by say gov-
eminent? The chances for graft and bood-
Ung will be great."
"Not la thl case. The railway must be
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SCENE ON A ITjflW ZEALAND HIOHWAT,
Employer- and employe have confidence In
the court The decision Is binding for a
given period, usually three years. While
the suit Is In progress the employe con
tinue at his old waxes. If he wins, he
continues at the newly fixed wages. No
fellow worker is allowed to Interfere or to
stir up dissension. No walking delegate or
outsider enn Interfere In any way. If thoy
do, they become guilty of contempt of -court
and are punished accordingly. Em
ployers and employes may settle their
differences without going before the court.
When they do, these private agreement
entered into voluntarily are taken to the
court and they then become Industrial
awards and bind all parties for the peilud
agreed upon.
There is no law In New Zealand pro
hibiting "Trusts" doing business in the
colony; at least, there waa no such law
at the time of my sailing from that coun
try, September 15, 190S. Such a law la
contemplated, and a few days prior to
my departure, the premier handed me a
copy of the proposed law, "Trade Mono
polies Preventive A Bill Intituled An Act
to Prohibit Monopolies Detrimental to the
Public Interests." The premier discussed
the matter fully with me, I being an In
terested listener. The bill is very care
fully drawn, defines trusts, or trade
constructed under our supervision, and all
contract for work and suonlies will be
competitive. We can even bid upon the
work ourselves, and we shall be vitally
Interested in making the cost as low as
is consistent with guod work, as wa have
to pay an Interest upon it for fifty years."
"What becomes of the road at t lie end
of that time?"
"The government agree cither to take
that branch of it, giving us operating rights
with the western division and the Grand
Trunk system, or to renew our lease for
another fifty years.
"It ha been estimated that it can be built
for I13,j00,co0. This is supposing tho eastern
division can be built for S.0ro a mile and
the mountain section for from liU.O'O to 'A-
000 a mile. This is what our surveys show
to be the probable cost. The prairie section
of the line can be built for $ai.0ji or JS.tmO a
- mile."
Climb Over the Ruckles.
"How ebnut the grade? Tin you nut have
a big lift In getting across the Rockies?''
"No; we v.111 have a better grade than, any
other continental line. Our grade will no-
where be more than four-tenths of 1 per
cent, or twenty-six feet to the mile. That
means less ihun six inches anywhere In !
feet. This Is on the prairie section. In the
mountain section it .will nowhere exceed
ninety-one feet to the mile."
"What will I your highest pass?"
"Leas thin I.GOO feet," replied Mr. Morse.
. The Canadian Pacifle has to lift Its
through troin to S.'.W feet, the Great Nort li
ern to 5.302 feet and the Northern Pacific to
6.SJ7 feel; the Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe
rites to 7.6J:i feet; the Southern Pacific
crosses at a little over 6.0u, but It falls In
one place 33 fet below tidewater. We shall
have the lowest lift, ur.d her.ee can operate
at a lower cost."
"Will you have trouble gettirg over the
mountains?"
'The chief trouble is in going down the
Pacific side. The grade is easy fiom the
prairies to the top. but we shall have to
wind thi way and that down the westorn
slope."
"Jl I understand U, the westers dlvtatoa
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monopolies leTs nlmt h prima facie
evidence of monopoly, petition for Initial
proceedings, content of petition, pro
ceedure on presentation of petition,
supreme court to eufore prevention of
continuance of trade monopoly, power of
minister, penalties for' unlawful competi
tion enforcement of fines and regulations.
The premier expressed himself a being
opposed to trusts and that It was also
the sentiment of the people of the colony.
The Advance to Settlers act was passed
for tho purpose of aiding worthy settlers
to open up the government lands, of
which they have about a.OOO.OC'O acres,
avallable for settlement. The settler 1
loaned by the government a sum of money
equal to three-fifth of the amount of his
Investment. This he borrows for five
years at 6 per cent per annum with
privilege of reducing the loan, or paying
It before It becomee due. If he Is in a
position to do so. The government In-
formed me that they have loaned millions
of dollars In this way and that farmers
rapldly pay off the loans. Crops have
never been known to fall in New Zea
land, and the farmer Is uniformly prosper
ous. The New Zealand government own and
controls all railroads, and telegraph and
telephone lines. Private corporation are
will belong entirely to the Grand Trunk?"
"Yes; it will be constructed by the Grand
Trunk Pacific company, with the govern-
ment guarantees, a I have stated. On the
mountain section the government will pay
the interest on the amount of Its guarantees
for the first seven years, and if there should
he a default of Interest during the next
three years It will pay that also, but uch
last payment will be capitalized and even-
tually paid back by the company to the
government."
New Wneaft Empire.
"As to the prairie Bcction," continued Mr.
Morse, "that will pay the Interest or. it
bonds from the start. That country Is so
rich that settlements will spring up all
along the road, and we shall be hauling
out millions of bushels of wheat and other
prooucts wunin a year or so arier me raus
are laid. I don't dare to describe the rich-
ness of that region to the full. Any man
who tells the truth about It to a stranger
Is lookel upon by the latter as a visionary
or a liar. We have there the richest wheat
ianas upon eaim, umer man iiiyno ui lib
United States, better than any others of
the world. This road goes through a strip
of virgin soli which will raise twenty-fivo
bushels or more wheat to the acre, and
that strip contains four times as mucli
wheat land tts all the wheat-growing lands
of the rnited Slates. About 100,000,00
bushels of wheat were harvested In the
lands of that region which are now ac
cessible to railroads this year, and the
country has already been reached.
Tho American Invasion.
"Americans and other immigrants are
coming in by the thousands. Husky young
fellows with two, three, five and 10.0iD
apiece In their pockets are buying lands
and sctiling. I met scores of them, wher-
ever I went, out there along tho line of
our road. All they wanted to know was
whether the road would be actually built;
and when I told them there was not a
doubt of it they said they would go ahead
and buy. They have bought, and buying
is going on everywhere there today.
"1 saw settlers who were coming In with
all their belongings from Nebruska, Kan
sas, Iowa and the Dukotas. They had sold
their farms and were ready to take the
cheap lands and make new ones. The
situation is such there that a man can plow
and have a wheat crop the year uflur he
settles, and one young fellow of 28 whom
I met told me he had paid for his land.
his moving, and his stock with Ills' first
crop, and had money In the bank. I don't
mean to say that thut is a common oc
currence, but it is what one young man
did."
Ldmuituu and Its r'sturr,
"How about the towns along tlie line of
the Grand Trunk Pa'iflc?"
"Tlie road Is not yet laid out, ui.d the
tow n siteo are not settled. It passes, as I
have said, through Winnipeg, and also
through ICdmonton in Alberta. Udmontin
will. 1 believe, be the metropolis of that
new wheal region. It will probably surpass
Winnipeg. The region about there will
grow wheat, and also many other crops.
Tlie country is underlaid with coal. If a
(IMzcn of Kamoiiton digs a cellar lie is
likely to find Ills winter fuel before he get
to the bottom. The town Is now reiw.ied
by a branch of the Cxnadian Partflc and
by the Canadian Northern. The Grand
Trunk Patilic will, as 1 have told yuu. also
go through it. It will be a rutin. Hd center.
and a manufacturing and commercial one
as v ell."
"What is the size of Edmonton?"
"It has about 7.OU0. Htruthcor.a, just
across the Htiskatchewsn river, hus about
4.0'. Tlie two places are better rivals. If
one t a, i t g t a certain thing it wants it la
bound the other stiail not have it, and
fights to preent It. The two rlces are
much as til. Paul and M'-r.nea:ol!s were
years ago. They should .unite and moelt
together. It is somewhut the same wit)
the flour-nulling and exporting towns of
Port Arthur and Fort Williams, on Lake
8up.ii They are t lose tog' ther. and
th.lr rivalry is as bitter as the feuds of
the mountains of Kentucky snd Tennes
see." I'urt sltnpeoa on tho Psiiie.
"What is to be the future of your Ur-
minal on the Pacific?"
"There will b a great city there," aald
Varied Resources j
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NORMAL BCHOOU CHRIST CHTTRCn NTTW TTEALAND.
excluded from undertaking telegraph or
telephone service. Telephone and tele-
graph service are operated with general
satisfaction to tho public. Rates for telo-
grams are ( pence for twelve words any
whrre In the coluny and 1 pence for eauli
additional word. Telephone rates are
lowr than
in Great Britian, or in
America.
Old Age Pensions and Insurance.
The Old Age Pension act provides tor the
pensioning of all people who desire asstm-
ance, who have lived good lives, are 66 year
of age, and who have lived 25 year In the
colony. This is regarded as one of the
most beneflcient laws in the colony. An
old couple, under the Increased pension
law, now get IS a week. It Is estimated
that the government will pay 91.500.0tiO In
old age pensions during the present year.
The government conducts lnnurance.
This Is done economically and cheaper than
by private corporations. There are no
large salaries paid, expenses are reduced to
a minimum and the policies and Invest- '"' Ac ln city, me international ex
ment are guaranteed by the government, hlbltlon, beginning November. 1906, will ba
A manager of a large manufactory told me held ttnd elaborate preparations are now lit
that his Insurance with the government was
costing him about one-third what It did
In private corporations. The cities of New
Zealand are very beautifully laid out.
Continent
the vice president of the Orand Trunk pa-
cltlo system. "We have not yet picked out
the exact spot but we shall scon do so and
our plans will be such that the town will
be a beautiful one. It will be so arranged
as to admit of expansion along rational and
artistic lines. The best of landscape gar-
deners will aid us, and the port will be
beautiful, as well a most conveniently and
commercially arranged. The whole oity
will be planned out upon paper before a
street la surveyed; it will be done some
what a Dalny was planned by the Rus
sians before It had either railroad or citl-ens."
"What kind of surroundings ha Port Gorge the scenery, the gradeur, the mag
Simpson?" I asked. nlflcence of the Alp 1 equalled. If not sun.
"Pine!" replied Mr. Morse. "I was there passed,
last year. The trip north from Vancouver $
ls as full of grand scenery as any part of
tlle Norwegian coast. That Is what traveler
eay nnve vlslted both vuCta. The ell-
mate of tnRt part of British Columbia Is af-
fected by the Japan current and the vece-
,aton ls green nI1 tlie. year round. Tbe
.,iand are mountainous, and you wind In
an(J out arr,ong them under great wall of
green. It Is Indescribable."
Short Cat to Japan.
"Do you expect to command a fair share
of the oriental trade?"
"Most assuredly we do. We shall have
tho shortest route to the orient and the
shortest cut from western Europe across
North America to Japan, China and Siberia.
All the great transpacific steamers sailing
by the northern route from San Francisco,
Portland. Taconia. Seattle and Vancouver
have to go about 600 miles northward along
" "' ' fat e'relo on their way to
Japan. They have to come to our latitude
crowi over by the shortest way. We save
a that distance;. We can make the trip
from Port Simpson to Yokohama In at least
ono day less than It can be made from any
of the other Paclfte coast ports. Our trip
across the Atlantic is also shorter. The dis
tance from Liverpool to Halifax I a little
more than ,4"0 miles, while the dislanco
from Liverpool to New York is 3.0S0.
Benefit to Ite Derived.
"When the road is completed and our
steamers are running we shall have from
joo t0 j 000 and more miles of an advantage
nu ntiir mm between England srul
Asia, and the trip can bo wade In one or
two days' les time. Passengers from New
York can go to Montreal and thence over
our line to Japan and save more than "
Titles over Sun 1'iuncifco via Chocago and
1.800 miles over the route from that port
via Galveston. Buffalo can save more thnn
ft) miles via San Francisco and more than
7'0 via San 'Francisco and more thau 7W via
7) via tlie Canadian Pacific and Vancouver.
W shall have fust steamers across both
cceans and I doubt not we shull have what
the other lines aill consider more than our
share of the trade. "
"How about your proposed line to
Alaska?"
"That is a matter for the future." replied
Mr. Morse. "We shall have plenty to do
for the next few 3 ears In Constructing th
main line and Its branches. The Alaska
line may go from Hazelton, in British Co
lumbia, northward to Dawson and the
Klondike. In the meantime that part of the
P.ocky mountains through which our line
is to pass has never beeu carefully pros
necled. and old miners who huve visited
pans of it tell me the Indications are that
it Is wonderfully rich In all sorts of valu-
ablo mineral. We may open up a new
Klondike in that ire Ion. Indeed, a great
part cf thai country is almost entirely un
known." On the Kasirrn Division.
"What can you tell me about the sastern
division?"
"It Is also largely unexplored. We know
that thero is u block of good land stretch
ing from the boundary of the province cf
Quebec west ard comprising an area as
large us thut of West 'Virginia, or over 15.-
OOO.Ou) acres, which is nearly all good frr
farming. It it a thty loam, well watered
and ri h. We know that tho line goes for
hundreds of mllet through aoine of the best
forests 01' Canada. There 1 enough pulp
wood there to make your newspapers for
federations to come and billions of feet of
pin and hardwood.
FRANK O. CARPCNTER.
lighted by electricity and gas, musi of ilieni
with magnificent harbor and nestling on
hillside of tho most picturesque character.
tome of tho Cities.
The population of the larger cities 1st
Auckland, 07. W0; Wellington tthe capital),
tu.buo; Chrlstchurch, OO.Uiio; Duncdin, uu,000.
Chrlstchurch, topographically, Is different
(rum the others. It Is situated on
the Canterbury plains. The plains ara
about fifty milts wide and li0 mile
long. It is the agricultural district
of New Zealund, and enormous crop
of cereals are raised. Chrlstchurch Is laid
out in square blocks and has tine business
buildings and haiidduiue realduiicea. It is ih
typical English town, and Its suburbs are
constantly divided Into paddocks, with
pretty hedges at every side. The river
Avon flows through the city. It is very
picturesque, and it shore aro fringed
with weeping willow and stately trees,
a beauty spot truly, maintained by the city
nd kePl in ll natural BLato so far a pos-
progress to make It worthy of Uil young;
nation.
New Zealand is a land of Burprlses, ur
prises without disappointment. It is un
questionably the beauty spot of the uni
verse. What one sees in other lands in
Isolation here one sees In profusion. It ha
a pretty mountains as the midday sun ever
hone upon. It ha the highest waterfall
in the world, it ha a thousand others. Tho
greatest geyser ever seen by human eyes.
Walmangu, Is here, turbulent, violent.
wrathful, awful and, as If forced by tho
Inferno, hurls hot water and mud and
atones a height of 1.500 feet This geyser I
240 by 400 feet In dlamoter. The Wanganul
river runs Its course for 130 miles through
divided mountain whose perpendicular
walls are covered with mess and where
ferns are seen In ten of thousands, larger,
more perfect, handsomer In every respect
than can be found any other place. Hot
Springs are plentiful on the north Island,
and natives are seen dally cooking their
food In these boiling, natural pool. The
South island discloses beauties of another
order and at Mllford Sound and Buller
No Idle Peoplo There.
The 0a saying that "the devil find plenty
f mischief for idle hands to do," doe not
applv In New Zealand. Thero are no Idla
people none without work. By a system
dpv,Be(1 and operat9d by the government
the secretary of labor is notified promptly
by wire if any are out of employment and.
as he has a dally report of the labor con
ditions In every locality in the colony,
those desiring employment are at once fur
nished transportation by the government to
the point where work ls obtainable nn4
they lose no time. Hon. Edward Tregear,
secretary of labor, kindly showed me hi
chart and explained how he kept In touch,
with the labor conditions In the colony. Ha
ha at his fingers' end the dally conditions
ft labor. Just as accurately as the train
dispatcher know where each train I at a
given time.
The government control tne puona
highways and the roads are excellent. Ia
building roads, they not only subserve
the public, but they give employment to
thousands of deserving men. As an il
lustration, a man with very little capital
buys bush land, the same as we designate
forest land, the government sells It at a
price of, say $2.C0 an acre. The man
buys the land, but the government says,
"we are going to help you pay for thl.
While you are working for us, you are
aiding yourself and family. Tou must
work the first three days of the week
clearing your land, the last three day
of the week you must help us, work oa
the roads near your land. Good roads will
enhance the value of your land, and.
for the three days you work for us, wa
will pay you I.' a day and you will get
16 cash every Saturday night. This plan
ls benefiting thousands for they ara
clearing their lands, and at the same time,
know they will receive sufficient money
once a week to keep them and thelrt
family In provisions.
Agricultural Wealth of New Zealand.
New Zealand ls rich In agriculture, and
its temperate climate enables stock to fur
ago on green vegetation the year round.
Enormous crops per acre are raised of
wheat, oats, barley, turnips and mangels.
Among the exports for the last year werel
Wool, $.r),900.5; hemp (Phoemlum Tenax).
t3,!i&4m5; butter, 7.670,fc80. About 1.600.009
carcasses of frozen mutton and lamb ara
shipped annually and the value exoeods
04,000.0(0. There are over 30,000,000 cheep
giazing in New Zealand at the present
time; they fatten almost entirely on tho
nutritious grasses. When other food la
necessary to hasten their marketable oon-
dl,1"n- turnips or mangels are given them,
T1"8 w 'normously. both a to (Ize and
quantity, turnips oftentimes growing from
forty to sixty tons to the acre and mangels
! to 100 tons. The Kauri gum Industry la
11 Important one. Tbe gum is found In tho
north Island In the vicinity of Auckland,
beneath the earth's surface from a few
inches to several feet, and ts discovered by
Jabbing a steel rod into the earth, then by
digging. It is used in making varnish, tha
finest in the world. Its export value Is about
$iiuurt,000 annually. Three-fifths of the prod
uct is used In America. Tlie kauri gun
trf.r, grow to a great height and supply a
timber of high character for all purpose.
Colonials have a pretty custom cf saying;
"Good-bye." Its from the Maori "Khv.
Ora" (pronounced Keeora) and means
"Good-bye and good luck." As tha
emerald shore faded from my view-
when 1 sailed for America. I stood on the
steamer" deck, and I found tnyaeli aofUjF
saying, "KiaOra, Kla-Ora "
yy. B. LCJTDlOWXLJta, '