November 13, 1W.
-
5
HIE OMAITA ILLtTBTItATED DEE.
I STOVE and FURNACE REPAIRS
! WATER FRONTS
THE TPfE WILL COME when your Fnniwc, Steam or Hot Water
riant will need a new crate or a new flrepot. You will be the most -5
disappointed person If you should wake up aoroe cold morning ana
find you needed a new grate and none to be had within a week or tea
das. and often It means several weeks. We have thousands or flit-
J fer'ent grates, but have we what you want? Fll out the enclosed
blank and spend 2 cents to find out: 2
5 My furnace, steam or hot water heater l i
named No 5
s
2 nt nf natent Manufactured
5 by
To know that we have repairs for your heater la like having money
In the bank you can get it whenever you want It. We don't want you
an t k n i i n n i, hn.aioa n-n nni tn mil van renalr. todav. It Is
mm iu ii 1 1 uai. iuv uiuun nv i onuu v .- " - ...... -i - - -
to enable vou to check over our stock, and If we should not have repairs m
5 for your heater we will put them In stock, not only for you, but for jjj
others who might have the same kind of heating plant. While you are
mm, ..JI.. ... V. mA nf t-nilf ViAfttOF 1'hv Tint 1 V'A 11 tllH MDlt Of TOUT
stove or range and see If we have repairs and water fronU for themT
S People of wealth put In their homes two complete systems of heat-
ers and spend thousands of dollars to guard against break-downs.
5 Don't Jet 2 cents keep you from knowing how best to keep one system
In perfect running order. j
Address answers to DESK 4,
s OMAHA STOVE REPAIR WORKS.
1206-1208 DOUGLAS 8TREET. TELEPHONE 960.
ROBERT UHLIQ, President. - HUGO SCHMIDT, Vice Pres. g
GEO. A. WILCOX, Treasurer. C. M. EATON, Secretary.
1,000 cars of supplies lu stock and Practical Furnace Men, Repair
9 Men and Plumbers to do our work.
B
Roosevelt's Railway Policy Address of Edward
Rosewater at Chicago Rate Conference
IWI
HIES 1 accepted the Invitation rf
the chairman of your executive
committer to address this conven-
V'fjtfd tlon I felt highly honored, because
f 9 H afforded me an opportunity
to meet the pioneers In the movement foe
the governm
.railways. (Appl
I rejoice at the positive stand that has
been taken by this convention to uphold the
hands of President Roosevelt. Two weeks
ago I tad a conference with the president
on this very subject, and he expressed
ent regulation and control of other competing railroad manager than by complaint nor has there been for a long time to pay the established rates. All the
pplauae). any other cause and all causes combined, any complaint' with regard to rates that re large shippers of freight had their hlgh-
What caused the popullstlc uprising? The
persistent efforts of railroad managers to
control the nomination of every public
official from constable up to governor and
from governor to senator, and they never
excessive. What agitation has been had
on that subject Is facetious and fictitious
absolutely. It baa been promoted by In
terested parties, and it is very easy to
see who those interested parties are, aside
salaried traffic dlrec'ors as well as the
railroads and the rates which such ship
pers paid were not determined by the
schedule, but bargaining between the high
salaried traffic directors of the shippers
legislation or their pretended fears of th'
disastrous effect of the proposed leglslatloi
are a mere bluff.
Hon. Richard Olney, the most eminent
and . learned corporation scribe In th.
United States, has favored the Amerlcat
people with the most subtle and most con
and the high-salaried traffic directors of fusing dissertation on the legal aspect ol
the company " railroad rate making by congress In th
October number of the North American
That It does not require high priced. Review, In which he attempts to con
very great anxiety that this convention do will let go until they are compelled to do from the commission,
aright. He expressed himself as thoroughly so by the tidal wave of popular sentiment. ' Take the case of a mlddle-man-and
convinced that the course he had outlined There Is another Issue that must be met shippers are mlddle-men-who has wl
. w . .u- . ... .v.. imiii or,H ht la the election of the he claims Is an over-charge. He makes
American people and he proposed to stand United States senators by the people of the claim against the railroad company; at the exact knowledge to make a schedule of t revert the published opinion of the at
,.t ,, ' ... .,. .. . . m.....A o,.!,, fAnnlaiiHel ar "me he sells his goods,' adds the square rule rates is conclusively proven torney general of the United States. Ir
. iL,H,- h rlivTrf ,a Foe more ihin a aurter of a century amount of his freight bill upon the selling by the fact that fourteen years ago the support of the proposed extension of th,
are all battling ha. been achieved. (Ap- For more than a quar e prlc! of hls K00da; that combined amount railway commission of Iowa, consisting of power, of the Interstate Commerce com-
clause). the demand for Interstate commence regu
It Is a common adage that those whom latlon laws has been Imperative. The
the god. wish to destroy they first make arbitrary exactions and unjust dlscrlmlna-
. , i . , . . v . . v. ii (inn mrhinU ahlnnera and localities Wert
lima, inu li uufi pe-m lu nie uiai inw I an- ...... ' . . , . . , . . . a . .
way corporation. In undertaking to pack subjected by corporations that control the taller with his
this convention In order to break it up,
is passed on to the wholesale merchant,
and then It Is passed on (with his profit
added) to the retailer, and from the re-
It Is passed
modern highways of commerce had created on to the final consumer. The fellow who
unskilled men, each drawing a salary of
about $3,000 per annum, In a few months
time, mostly In hearing the protest, of the
railway company, made a square rule
mission. Mr. Olney concede, by Implies
tlon the power of congress to regvilatt
Interstate railway transportation, but h
asserts that If congress Is authorized to
schedule of rates for Iowa; and In the - prescribe such rates, It must do so Itself
mis convention in oruer 10 ui raic u up, '""" J ---- . . -
have made the most colossal blunder they the profound popular resentment that took eat. ...r
have ever made In the -reat contest that shape In the enactment of the so-called manufactured from the wheat Is the fellow
have ever made In the great contest that
ha. been going on for the past thirty year.
(Applause).
I have been through this conflict since Its
Inception, and I have never seen them com
mit a greater blunder. This convention has
successfully parried the blows and bluff,
of the Parry organization (laughter) and
It I. capable of carrying out its intention,
no matter what the consequence, may be.
Individually or collectively, we may draw
upon ourselves the ill will and enmity of
the railroad corporations, but I feel sure
the time will come eventually when the
railroads will realize that they have been
their own greatest enemies In opposing
this movement.
same year the commissioners of Illinois,
composed also of unskilled men, made a
Granger law." by the embattled farmer, who pay. the unjust charge that has been square rule schedule of state rates for
of the west and northwest.
Old Jlrnmrati Disproved.
State supervision and regulation of rail
roads, however, was found Inadequate to
remedy the , abuses Incident to Interstate
traffic. When the Interstate commerce act
was pending In congress, the contention
of the railroad attorneys was that rail
roads were private enterprises, that dif
fered In no respect from any mercantile
Investment, and were no more subject to
regulation by congress than would be a
hardware or grocery store or a newspaper.
made for the carriage of wheat from South Illinois, both of which schedules have been
Dakota to Pillsbury's mill at Minneapolis; used during those years and practically
but who ever heard of one of these middle- without change.
men, when he recovers the amount of his t
overcharge, returning one dollar of It to
the fellow to whom he sold the flour or to
the man who ate the bread made from
the flour?"
This Is precisely where the shoe pinches.
If the railroads have their way the com
mission will not. be empowered to enforce
Its orders where It finds a rate excessive.
by positive and explicit enactment. It Is
passing strange, however, that the su
preme court of the United States should
have declared valid tho granger laws of
Wisconsin and the warehouse commission
laws of Illinois, notwithstanding the facl
that the. powers of rate regulation were
delegated by the legislatures of those states
An Example In Point.
Here Is an example of only one schedule to an elective or appointive commission
of rates made by state commissioners, cov?
erlng two great states, having more Junc
tions and competitive points than any other
equal area in the world, which has been
satisfactory and without chunge for more
than fourteen consecutive years, while on
the other hand the interstate schedule.
but Its decision must be reviewed first
by the courts and It may take from, two ma3e bv traffic experts, under the stress of
t. 1,0. .r. m cnvlnr th to five vears before the courts render a final competition and the desire on the part of
owner, and manager, of the railways that decision. In the meantime, what becomes to gain some advantage over the
railroads are public highway, and subject of the fellow who ate the bread made from ether which affected the Interstate traffic
at all times to supervision and reasonable flour that paid the excessive rate charged th two states, have been changed
regulation by the national legislature. Just to the middlemen, the wholesale and retail during the same time by filing with the
as they are and have been subject to merchants who added tho excessive freight Interstate Commerce commission prob-
supervlslon and regulation directly and in- rate to the cost of the flour? If the plan " or cneau.ea,
tlon and threaten to paralyze commerce by directly bv the states. But railroad presl- proposed by President Roosevelt, that an .V, '"i"1
., ..1.. 1 . ..i .iii,i. v.- ... ,. ,.i.. .... i .1..11 v. .,!,,,., h fhm schedules is not
Bnabear of Government Ownership.
They hold up the bugbear of government
ownership. Their managers try to frighten
their employes by threats of wage reduc
of the commissioners'
railroad attorneys still insist excessive charge shall be reduced by the " ""- '"" -.
exercise super- commission and the new rate shall lmmedl- "7 ' u.es mace oy me com-
iiiiooiuiiciB ore in sum rnrm inai a. man
thi withdraw! of transportation facilities, dohtfl end
Hut thoy art? operating railroad not as a that while congress may
.h,- 1. i u ti,m- ni h... tn enntinne .1. i fnrm if r.nn,i in Um mriien to nav the ex- of ordinary understanding, by inspection authorize the commission to work out de
u ujc Btumuici, can aeiermine lor nimseu uiu uoni ueiermine ine stanuara
Jteed of Kxpert Ability.
Mr. Olney dwells with unction up on the
point that railroad rate-making requires
expert and scientific ability of a high or
der and cannot be Intelligently done by a
legislative body, but how much more in
telligently can it be done by a body of
Jurists, who have no opportunity of famil
iarizing themselves with scientific railroad
rate-making?
Mr. Olney would have us believe that
congress can no more grant legislative
power to a commission than to the presi
dent, and can no more delegate to any
person or tribunal the power to determine
reasonable rates of transportation than the
power to determine reasonable duties on im
ports, and In which case, while it may
They will have to continue tlon In every shape and form.
to pay good wages bo long as good wages delegate to any commission1 or admlnlstra-
cesslve charge and the man who ests the
prevail In America and they are going to
furnish facilities to their patrons unless
they want to bankrupt themselves. Presi
dent Itoosevelt does not favor government
ownership of railroads. .Nobody In this
convention, so far as I know, -favors gov
ernment ownership and operation of rail
roads, but we favor the supervision and
live body the power to lower or raise any bread will have the benefit of the reduction.
rnte a trallroad truffle manager may seo
fit to establish. - - . Question of Justice.
This is really the core of the contention to this argument Mr. Fish demur, by
between President Roosevelt and the rail- saying that "It I. not Just to the railroad
roads. The president's position Is In favor companies to hale them into a special
of enlarging the powers of the Interstate COurt, where other citizens and taxpayer.
Commerce commission to the extent that are not taken. Under the present scheme
regulation of the railroads of the United it .hall have the authority, upon complaint tne Interstate Commerce commission be-
States by the people, who delegated1 their that any specific transportation rate Is ex- comes a prosecuting officer who lnvestlgtes,
sovereign power over public highways to cesslve, to Investigate the complaint, and then It become, the grand Jury, to whom
the corporations that own them. (Ap- jn case the rate Is found to be excessive, to .i, presentment Is made and then come.
declare the rate unreasonable and sub.tl- tno court of the first Instance and Its
tute therefor a rate which It deems Just finding Is Intended to be prima facia evl-
and equitable. To combat that position the dence that would not be tolerated In any
railroads are now using every Ingenious other business In any other land."
argument and subtle sophistry which con jir. Fish does not seem to comprehend
be evolved from the fertile brains of the tnat corporations acting as common car-
bralnlest lawyers, college professor, and rlers are not on the same plane as other
any rate he may desire. On the other
hand, the Interstate schedules made by
the traffic officers are In such form and
fashion that no ordinary man can by In
spection ascertain any rate. Based on the
experience of Iowa and Illinois, It would
seem proven that the making of a
schedule of rates Is a task which the com-
of reasonableness. Inasmuch as congress
cannot possibly be In session all the year
around. It could not within the nature
of things attempt to regulate railway
rates any more than the supreme court of
the United States. If It cannot delegate
that power to an administrative bodv. it
must of necessity leave that power to be
west.
plause.)
In this Irrepressible conflict there Is no
such word as "Retreat. " The contest will
go on until It Is settled right. The presi
dent has simply done what the American
people have long wished for. It Is not a
question affecting shippers merely. Mil
lions of other people are vitally Interested
In ' this great movement. Every man,
woman and child In this country Is Inter
ested In It. Above alf things, we are In
terested In the maintenance of popular self
government without the corrupting inter
vention of giant corporations.
mission can thoroughly accomplish, i This exercised by the railroads without re.tri
Is the testimony of one of the most ex- tlon, and that Is really what Mr. Olney
perlenced railway manager. In the great and all the corporation scribes so zealously
wish for.
Mr. Olney imagines that he haa Btruclr a
ledge-hamer blow at railroad regulation
when he asks, "Can such a power In con
gress, as the right to dictate rates to the
Brief of a Lawyer.
Passing from railroad president, to
railroad attorneys Mr. Walker D. Hlnes,
general attorney of the Louisville carrier, of the country, a power never yet
& Nashville railroad, declares that exercised, either directly or Indirectly
the Roosevelt regulation plan give, through a commission, be Justly regarded
wjiijiHOMon me general taie- us contemplated by the constitution.
mailing power just as fully, for practical
Cer-
edltors that the railroads are able either citizens and taxpayers. He does not seem
. Kl. V IV.A ,Anw nw ..lain .nltoll.a . . . . I . , . . V. ... -rt iml.i.l Bi.,1
J . j . l0 conceae mat 11 is niuu.i purposes, and Just as free from Judicial
for the emergency. iniquitous to allow the traffic managers revIew a8 ,t ,s rK)8glDle t(J lmagine. lrl
f .. t0 ,evy tribute upon the commerce of the pont of fac, th(j on,y t mor(j raJlcal
Most Objection. rneMle. country without let or hindrance. In their than this bill that could be enacted would
woum ue u. - very nature rauroaas are monopu.ie. be to provide for government ownership of telegraph and telephone tolls or to 7..7
allotted to me to dissect every on. of the but competitive points, and Inasmuch a. tho railroads. Mr. Hlnes feels sure mat the ed of automobile. W t
numerous plau.mie and puerile objections rate, at compettIve points are nearly al- the owner, of the railroads would, so tar Continuing, Mr. Olney aay. "It Is ex
raised against President Roosevelt . plan way8 agreea upon by the traffic manager. as thplr tutWBtm ln the rallroad9 therefore' that rilSS "rate mlkfn
of railway regu ation have taken pains the powr. arbitrarily exercised by ra lroad u concerned, welcome government owner- by the national t "kht ,1
hVozerbo t-e-U, -rn. tt not ship with the resulting substitution of apher. wll, be .SuSCSl JS'rcS
cerned, I have never been charged a. t,tf railroad Dresldents. railroad attorney. ,., c.M.nt HehnonmnVer of the Erie
being partial to free sliver, but I want to and railroad scribes ln opposition to the rallroa(Ji who appeared before the senate
Not Reactionary Movement.
Mr. Purry has given It out that this Is a
reactionary movement toward populism
and free silver Now, so far as I am con-
talnly not. The constitution makers had
no more intention of giving congress or any
commission the power of railroad regula
tion than they had to confer upon con
gress or upon any state the power to fix
government securities ln return for their rate making by the several states within
f"i rauroiia noiaings at a rair vaiu- ineir several spheres,
remind you that there Is .omethlng worse Roosevelt plan; and I have also read a commltt"ee on commerce to remonstrate
than populism and that It is railroad rule. Kreat part of the testimony taken before BKalnst the proposed legislation, said that
(Applause.) Wo of Nebraska have wres- the Benate Interstate commerce committee tn f,lr.h-P .mtlov.r tho Interstate Com-
tled with it for twenty-flve or thirty years. ,RBt 8pring. These variegated arguments merce commls8lon and give It the right to
atlon, in place of continuing ti hold their.
property, subject to the regulation of the
interstate commerce commtslon taking ef
fect and prior to any Judicial review.
In the seventies we had Jay Gould have impelled me to ask. ln all seriousness. adjust tTelgM r&ten woud seriously affect road reifuIatl
Back
and Sidney Dillon, then president of the why the railroad magnate, and their re- tne prent frlcndiy relation.
nlon Pacific, come to the state capital to talnPrs have not held a convention, or at ralIroa(,g Rnd the shippers and
...i .mil convention, a i,,a8t a conference among themselves, so
large majority of whose delegates was that they could agree upon a specific line
against them when it convened, but after of aUUck, Instead of scattering their shot
four days of siege they had to capitulate und peI.foratlng their own armor.,
to the magnetic influence of boodle. I amPi Sneneer. nresident of the Southern
I feel sure no rational advocate of rail-
would rather submit to anything, and am
railway and foremost champion ln the
willing even to be called a populist and ,et.aione policy. In his special brief to the (,trantg gem to" be radlcallv at variance
-...v,.. . ma.. ,u Buunui to committee of Interstate and Foreign com
the tyrannical and demoralizing domination
of railroads. (Applause.)
A Voice Cun 1 ask a question?
Mr. Rosewater Yes.
The Voice Is not government of rail
roads far preferable to the government
being controlled by the railroads?
Mr. Rosewater Yes. We are presumed
to have a government for the people, by
the people, but popular sWf-government 1.
a farco so long as the government ma-
chlnery is controlled by the corporations.
It is simply a providential Incident that
the White House is occupied by a man
who Is an American through and through.
He is of the people and for the people, and
we huve It in our power, so lonir as wa
merce, of the house of representatives
declares that there is nothing ln the present
condition warranting any action of congress
that would confer the rate making power
upon the Interstate Commerce commission.
In Mr. Spencer's mlnd"a eye It Is clear
State. Make Rates Row.
Precisely. Railroad rate making by the
several states ha. been going on with the
sanction of the state and federal courts for
on will disagree with Mr. more than twentv-flva var InH nn .,.
Hlnes. With the speculative features elim- ha. yet pronounced It unconstitutional,
tnated from the capitalization, con- Even In tho famous Nebraska maximum
sirucuon ana operation or the rail- rate case the sunremn court nt thm nnj
with government supervision that States affirmed the right to establish marl
Would Bton rrn H t bliurltiir with m , i ..1 -uiAU u., 1 ... : ... . ...
gress or by a commission as revolutionary Blde pawners' through rebatesTprTvatec:; r.U .Va'Zr
lines and sleeping car lines, there would ture of 1S83 unreasonable under the condl-
bo no Incentive for the captains of Industry tlons then existing, viz., tremendous
to continue in the railroad business. They shrinkage in the volume of traffic by rea-
would doubtles.s cheerfully exchange their son of general business depression and suc-
securitles for government bonds and em- cesslve drouths.
ploy their capital and genius In enter- Mr. Olney'. most subtle argument against
prises that offer opportunity for unrestricted national railway regulation Is that It would
between the
and prove disas
trous to both. Other railway managers
go still further and denounce tho entire road
scheme of railroad rate regulation by con-
and confiscatory,
The views expressed
by these remon-
wlth the views entertained by President
A. B. Stlckney of the Chicago Great West
ern railroad.
high finance.
Too Much Pressure for Rebate.
Discussing the question of rebates, Mr.
Limits of President's Proarram.
Mr. Stlckney goes further than Presi
dent Roosevelt or any other advocate
that the proposed change, are not Judicious of railway regulation. President Roosevelt
a. a future system, ana mai mey ro nui ony wants to conrer tne power upon me mneB gays: "His bill, by author!.-
warranted by the constitution of the United interstate Commmerce commission to ln- mg the comrfiisslon to prescribe specific
States and would not be likely to accom- vestlgate complaints about alleged exces- rates. which cannot bo departed from
plish the desired results. To prove, the Bjve and discriminating rates, and if. after (without application to the commission. Is
reasonableness of existing rate. Mr. a fuu hearing, the complaint Is found Just, goinK to encourage secret rebates, because
Spencer quote, from the report of to declare the rate unreasonable and fix when commercial conditions necessitate a
the Interstate Commerce commission a lower rate, to take effect ,wlthln thirty speedy reduction in specific rates eutab-
for 1893 and . 1S94. In which It expresses ,ays and stand until set aside by the nhed by the commission, It will be Im-
satlsfactlon with the material re- courts. Mr. Stlckney wants the rate mak- possible to get the necessary instruction
auction that has been made in iremni mg power conrerrea upon tne commission, and action by the commissslon In time to
be in violation of Article I of the United
btate. constitution, which reads as fol
lows: "No preference shall be given by any
regulation of commerce or revenue to the
the port, of one state over those of an
other." This provision is tortured by Mr. Olney
into a prohibition of preferential rates
for transportation by railway between any
of the ports of the United States. In other
words, a prohibition of lower railroad rate.
from interior point, to any of the ports
ti? n..I hlt House, to resist rate, within the ten preceeding years. Mr. with authority to make complete .chedule. meet the exigencies of the occasion, and , th" seaboard or the Mexican
t bought by giant corpora- Ppencor ,eCm. loath to quote the recent without complaint. In his testimony be- tn, condition will constitute an almost gU'f' faT,il"" of dlstano-
reports of the commission which show that fore the senate committee on commerce overwhelming temptation to the railroads
a material increase of rates has taken last spring he declared: "In considering to violate the mandate of the law, that
XB.' mm, mm. A M k 1 m a . . .
The ran a "n,f place within the past three years by this matter. It should be understood that the rate fixed by the commission must be
w.n . .rl , i ThT?.!" , Y "0t change, of classification. According to Mr. the commission would not make a separato observed until changed by the commission
r.r n,.T .. ,u.d'ctal trlbuna established Spneeri the matter of alleged preferences schedule for each railway. The practice an,, to make secret reduction- from such
1 1 Interstate commerce ques- btww,n i0(.ttmies and classes of traffic Is of each company Is to make Its own rate for tl,e purpose of meeting the Im-
Ini r ,,"08"o"!, U,at tome Ufore th" largely exaggerated. Such claims, he says, schedules Is the chief cause of the present mediate necessities of commerce."
.1 , th r-'n, l-0',,morpp commission. Wlmt w alway esMf and the present statute confusion in Interstate rates, because there Mr. Hineg , evldenlly famiiiar with the
.h.i,h.T "'agnate, want? They are furnlsho8 anip,e means of dealing with are as many notions upon the details of a naturai propensities of the average
ttUHiiea with most of the gentlemen who , aehedulB a. there are men engaged In tnn tj
now occupy the federal bench, because they
nave graauatea rrom railroad headquarters.
What the American people must have is a
tribunal that will have exclusive Jurisdlc
that he cannot withstand tha tempta
tion to give rebates to friendly In-
aians or tne commercial ciuds. just as a
them
making tne scneauies. i ne eviuent aa
rontentloa ot Samnel Speneer. vantage of only one schedule to be con
We are further reminded by Mr. Spencer suited by shipper, and traffic offlclaJs, In
. ... i ii- t .......... in... ,. it. nrsiAt. in naoArintn nnv nemren raie. in- . . t . . i . ... . . . , . ,
tlon iiv.p lutArut'. it, mat in siaies wnerw i.nmni vum. - -- niuuer vi iiuoii. v ny me rauroaas snouia
thut iinifnrm h v """" """lon' 80 have power over future rate, against all stead or having to consult tne tnousanas object to a law that will enable them to
Not n, a mtty , e8Ubll8he1- alleged discrimination between locality and of separate schedules which now exist, ,.XCU8e rebates on the ground of Inability
had rt. . -.,M fr .t" extt,nple' W9 classes of traffic are a. frequent and acute would be one of the greatest benefit, which t0 resl8t temptation is Inexplicable; and.
ut.iiaion ironi ine rerteral Judge in uvn ill commercial questions, It Is possible for any legislation to confer
cnnrlllriinr hlM nnnlvtlml nflmnhl.t Mr
bill simply
reasonable, well
In this interpretation of the intent and
meaning of Artlclo I of the constitution,
Mr. Olney come, into violent collision with
James Madison, one of the framer. and
historian of the constitution, who declared
that the main purpose of this clause was
to abolish certain Intolerable discrimination,
ln tho nature of regulations Imposed by
the states upon the domestic and foreign
commerce of the country.
Uture reVulKtinV .i Tr V V " 'RyM ne' the!,e matter, are best settled euner upon tne companies or me punnc. H,ne, deciares the present
unconstitutional whnl i Z- "" between the parties. In this respect Mr. ine pracucai ouues or me comminution- meant t throw aslde tn6
law was declared , " "7:J." Bpencer evidently he. In his mind, eye n tms reBr woutq "P,, " defined system which now
federal ludin. ti.ii- . the settlement between tne lamo ana me mm, mie. vu me u. .v .u.m,, wh,ch i, not Bhown , be
lontotln. the Isaae.
Mr. Olney'. contention Is that railroads
operated by private corporations may make
differentials between the different ports
so as to equalize carrier', charges that will
enable the producers ln the interior to
ship their products to the best port by the
shortest and cheapest route, while con
gressional rate making would eventually
exists, and r'8ult ln tne adoption of a mileage basis and
83 per cent of the decisions of the companies and by the arguments of the tallty for another 8(.lle8 of years, pending ,hat ,he railroads might circumvent the
are driven from n i . l. . i. n . .. in..,u r.m puna I i.oa tl.nno Hint ip.m.il too hiih and mnkit
. , lion. Willi mo .aillkl naiug ...w ivi". v " ...v.
puiur to post. You have to go to the beast. compensation for such reductions by in
lowest federal court, and if you are beaten To clinch his argument that the proposed creasing those which seemed too low. In
VU i .i ,0 t0 Ule OUrt 0f l'Peul" amendment of the Interstate commerce law those duties they would be assisted by the
aim in the course of years you may reach . pernicious. Mr. Spencer points to the arguments of the traffic officials of the
" oiKuesi court la the fuct that !
What we want is to give the Interstate
Commerce commission the power that wa.
Inted.d to be given to it when the law
creating the commluston wa. first enacted.
J was bvfore the committees of both house,
of congress In lst6 and im, urging the en
actment of an interstate commerce law,
but we have only had partial success by
reason of the fact that everything has been
..un iiT-rui ins commission rrom car-
insufficient, and
to substitute for it a series of the most
remarkable Innovations, many and perhaps
all of which will call for Judicial construc
tion, and to put the whole question of
regulating interstate commerce into uncer-
some of the ports on the Atlantic
board would be injuriously affected.
This Is simply confusing the issue in order
to Justify railroad discrimination through
abrltrary differentials. Mr. Oluey's con
tention is tantamount to the assertion
commission, which were passed upon by the
courts, were held to have been erroneous.
It is Impossible to foretell what havoo
would follow from the exercise of such
powers by the commission. Mr. Spencer
forgets, however, that out of every hun
dred complaint, made before he commis
sion ninety were recognised as Just by the
railroads and settled amicably, of the other
ten appealed to the courts by the railroads
two were decided to have been well founded
r.'?. u 1 i1" faUh the obJcct ror nd the finding of the commission sustained
which the law was enacted.
People Arc With the President.
I do not pretend to represent any organi
zation, but I think I can safely speak for
all tilt, prwi.lv of KebraukM. barring a few
beneficiaries of the railroads and their
officluls, when I say that they are with
you In thl. movement. Hut you must
organise a. -the railroads are organizing.
You must meet their champion, face to
face. You must go to the school districts,
go to any and every place where they at
going, and fight them on their own grounds.
Individual work will not accomplish the
result, but united organisation 1. what 1.
required to win the battle.
They talk about populism being generated
by thl. n-ovement. Only about eight years
ago Marvin llughitt. president of the North
western railroad, declared tn ray presence
that populiam ln Nebraska 1 ad ben fer
mented more by the policy pursued by an-
while the remaining eight were found to
be Incorrect, and these eight were
appealed by the railroads because
they were the weakest cases. What terrible
havoc would tie wrought by the commission
If It were to adjudicate correctly ninety-two
tin. nu nut nf a. htintlreil If It shall he riven
the power to reduce rates, cannot be fore- the commission at
told by anybody except an oracle of
Spencerian magnitude. In conclusion Mr.
Spencer would give as the proper remedy
for all complaints against railways, "the
promotion of better relations between
railroads and their patrons and the en
forcement of the statute laws In the
courts."
Where the Shoe PI ichM.
Stuyvetant Fish, president of the Illinois
Central railroad, while discussing the ques
tion of railroad rates before the special
committee on interstate commerce said
shippers and the commission would be the
arbitrators. It Is not to be supposed that
in this way or In any other way a schedule
would be produced which would be entirely
satisfactory to everybody. Infinite wisdom
Bitting as an arbitrator could not ac
complish such a task. The commission,
representing the sovereignty, with power
to enforce Its decisions, would be most
disinterested, and at the same time satis
factory arbitrator which is possible."
Xot All Railroad Men Aareed.
President Stlckney also takes issue with
othr railway managers who contend that
It require, expert knowledge In making
such a schedule. This Is also a
point which is alieuuuualy urged against
conferring the rate making authority upon
this time. The as
sumption seem, to be that there are only
a few men who possess the exact knowl
edge required, presumably owing to the
relations of supply and demand; such
exact knowledge can only be obtained by
paying extraordinary salaries, far in ex
cess of the salurles which congress would
be willing to provide.
"I but quote the language of a high
authority, declared Mr. Stlckney. "when
I say that prior to the Injunction,
of the courts against paying re
bates it was understood among business
men that schedule, were made for smaller
final Judiciul determination of the mat us
of the new legislation.
Such a state of uncertainty was, of
course, to huve been expected. It was fore
ordained, but, inasmuch as the railroads
have their lawyers by the year, the
amounts Bet aside for their legal depart
ment will not have to be materially in
creased. Would Not Stop Sew Building.
Mr. Victor Morawetz. general counsel of
the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railioad
company, in testifying before the commit
tee on interstate commerce of the Unlit,")
States senate declared that the proposed
legiblation would put an end to further ex
tensions, improvements and additions on
his railroad and all other railroads, but ln
this respect his prediction 1. simply a rt pe
tition of those made by railway attorneys
before the committees of congress who op
posed the enactment of the first Interstate
commerce law twenty years ago.
At no time In the history of railroads ha.
there been gi eater activity in railway ex-
"There Is not to uiy knowledge any general shlj ptr. aud theme unsophisticated enough
constitutional provision against discrimin
ating between ports so long as they are
not controlled by congress, but the moment
they are so controlled the equality between
the ports must be maintained.
Terhaps Mr. Olney is not aware of the
fact that bills establishing a free port at
Uort Pond Bay, K I., were Introduced In
In tho Senate by Senator Chandler
(senate bill No. IWiOl and again by Senator
Fry ln 1S95 and WM (senate bill No. 6U),
and also ln the house by Representative
A. C. McCormick. (house bill No. 3813).
These bills were designed to establish an
international clearing house at Fort Pond
pay, in which goods shipped from one
country to another (not In the United
6tates), could be landed and reshlpped to
foreign countries without the payment of
the customs duties or Inspection by cus
toms officials.
Recalatlon nothing; Kew.
The Fort Pond Bay free port was de
signed to also become the terminus of
the shortest steamship line between the
tension and railway betterment than at this United States and England and would have
time. Many of the trunk line, are being given New York an extraordinary advan-
double-trackcd and even quadruple-tracked, tage over other ports on the Atlantic sea-
and thousands of miles of branch lines an board. The project was financed by the
r.ow under construction or contracted for late Austin Corbin. a very able American
to be constructed during the coming r. financier, and It stands to reason that
The railway magnate, either feel confident Mr. Corbin would not bave ventured upon
of their ability to defeat all rate regulation an enterprise that lnvohed aa outlay of
i. mimm
k m
ED. PINAUD'S
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HAIR TONIC
"Without question, an in
dispensable adjunct to a lady's
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ritorious, in preserving hair and
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Indispensable" "Meritorious"
" Preserving the hair," " Causing
the hair to retain its lustre."
YE3, and these truths have been
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times.
Men of prominence and women
of rJeauty people of refinement
everywhere, insist on having the
genuine
ED. PINAUD'S
EAU DE QUININE
HAIR TONIC
FT? P" F Ed Pinaud't Eta de Quinine
r AU H,ir Tolic for three spoli
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ior five timet. Send 10c. to pay pottage
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WRITE TO-DAY
Ed.Pinaud'sAmericanOfficea
Ed. PinaisJ Building
NEW YORK CITY
many millions without consulting eminent
constitutional lawyers.
Mr. Corbin'. accidental death while the
free port bills were pending in congress
frustrated the enterprise, which I fool sure,
will be revived at no distant day by the
capitalists who obtained control of the
Long Island railroad and acquired title to
his Fort Pond Bay interests.
"Transportation," says the Massachu
settes statesman, "Is one branch of com
merce us buying and selling of products is
another. Both may be regulated by the
national government, but neither carried on
by It."
As a matter of fact railroad, have been
constructed, owned and operated by th.
several state, and the United States gov
rnment; and this relates not only to
railroads within the United States, but
also without. The United States at present
owns and oiH-rates the I'unama railroad and
proposes to own and operate an inter
oceanic canal. If congress can delegate
the power to operate the Panama railroud
and fix the charges thereon and to con
struct and operate the Panama cannl und
fix charges thereon to the isthmian
canal commission, it can certainly dele
gate the rate making power to the Inter
state Commerce commission.
A much less eminent but more preten
tious champion of the let-alone policy, who
has projected himself Into the arena as a
disinterested guide, philosopher and friend.
Is Hugo R. Myer, assistant professor of
political economy of the University of Chi
cago, who Involuntarily, as It were, invltod
himself before the Interstate commcice
committee cf the senate to enlighten that
body with regard to its duties in the pres
ent emergency, and has supplemented his
entirely disinterested efforts to stem the
tide of popular sentiment in f;ivor of na
tional railway .upervlslon and regulation
by a book which is being widely circulated
regardless of expense by the literary bu
reau of the railroads.
One-Sided t'umparleoaa.
Prof. Myer Institute, invidious compari
sons between the government-owned rail
roads of Germany, Austria and France and
the privately owned railroads of the United
8tat.'S. but he carefully omits comparisons
between the privately owned and government-regulated
railroads of Great Britain.
It is amusing to note, however, that hi.
expert knowledge of railway management
und railway operation In Germany wa. de
rived not from personal observation or in
quiry abroad, but from books and statis
tic., in other words. Prof. Myer did not
come In contact with the shippers and pro
ducer, of Germany or the railroad em
ployes, nor doe. he take Into account the
fact that all th. European railroad., bar
ring Russia, would be counted as short
haul line, in the United States, while his
comparison of European short-haul ton
nage rates Is made with the long-haul ton
nage rates In America, whereas they should
have been compared with the short-haul
rate, of America, which are two and three
time. a. high west of the Mississippi, at
least, as those of Germany. France, Bel
glum, Swltterland or Austria.
Professor Myer also seemed to be oblivi
ous of the fact that government owned
railroads ot Europe carry free the nuills
and postal packages, the munition, of war.
.the troops, the army and navy supplies and
civil officers travelling on government busi
ness, whereas in the United States more
than 4u,000.000 are paid to the railroads
for carrying the mails and 1100,000,000 at
least, paid by the people for express ser
vice, which In Europe is carried a. part
of the mall service at a nominal price,
and besides this the United States pay.
many millions for the transportation of
troops, army, navy and Indian supplies,
and transportation of federal employe, and
officluls.
Put there are none so blind as those who
will not see and Professor Myer appear, to
be afflicted with the same color-blindness
that distressingly beclouds the visions of
so many favored shippers, railway lawyers,
subsidized editors and even men ot the
cloth.
Value Not Visible
One of the finest collections of stuffed
birds ln America I. in the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Science. A certain
millionaire wa. examining the collection ln
the company of the curator.
"Yea." said the curator, "thl. collection
of stuffed birds 1. worth thousand, and
thousands of dollar.."
"I. that so?" said th. millionaire. "Why,
what are they stuffed wlthT" tiw Tork
Tribune.
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