JnJr 2, 1908.
TITE OMAITA ILLUSTRATED BEE.
Mother Home of the Chautauqua and Its Beautiful Surroundings
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BISHOP VINCENT AND THE HALL OF PHILOSOPHY.
C. L. 8. C. BUILDING ON LEFT ADMINISTRATION BUILDING ON RIGHT.
OWN In the exereme gouthweetern
part of New York state lies Chau
tauqua lake, and on. a beautiful
point of that lake Is located the
nod famous summer school of
Chautauqua.
, The head of the lake Is lees than ten
Miles from the shores of Ijike Erie, and
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tmi something jess than one hundred miles from
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irSnu vuy ui Duimiif uui lis iccli iiiupiu
waters una xneir way inio ine 4uu ot
Mexico. It is the highest body of naviga
ble water 'east of the Mlssisalppl, and the
country surrounding; It Is Inviting, fertile,
abounding In picturesque hills, and em
bracing; all the conditions of health, energy
and clear thinking. It Is In fact an ideal
place for a summer school.
BIrthpIac of the Chautauqua,
It was back sometime In the year 1871
that Bishop John H. Vincent of the Metho
dist Episcopal church, and the late Lewis
H. Miller, Ahen a wealthy man of Akron,
O., conceived the idea of holding summer
essient of normal classes of - Sunday school
teachers at this place. A few rough cot
tages were built and a small amphitheater
erected and from this germ has grown the
freat 1 university of today. Other depart
ments beside normal schools were added.
The sectarian Idea was dropped, and gradu
ally the Idea expanded and developed Into
a summer college, and finally Into a great
university with a comprehensive curricu
lum embracing Instruction In all depart
ments of science, literature and art, com
prehending, In short, the whole field of cul
ture. Bo popular did the schools prove to be,
and so well attended, tht a little city
sprung up in the grove by the lake at
first without much order or design, but
now, under the direction of competent
landscape gardeners and architects, it has
become almost a model city of culture and
learning.
To the summer schools was added, In
the early days of the movement, reading
and study clubs now widely known as
Chautauqua' Literary and Scientific Circles.
These were organized In various cities
and towns to carry Jin throughout the
year reading and study along advanced
lines of thought, and as the scope of the
summer Instruction at Chautauqua Itself
was extended to the full of a university
Idea, the members of these circles In
creased, until they are now found in al
most all clvlllxed foreign countries. Ex
aminations were conducted by correspond
ence; students were graduated and diplo
mas conferred, and to this branch of the
Chautauqua movement we owe the parent
age of the many correspondence schools
of today. With the growth of the courses
of Instruction at Chautauqua proper a gen
eral program was added for the edifica
tion of all gatherers at Chautauqua,
whether students or not. Members of the
faculties of great universities of the coun
try, leading statesmen, ministers, mu
sicians, orators and scholars, beside spe
cial lectures to regular classes, gave lec
tures, discourses, sermons, concerts, etc.,
to the many; so that every year a group
of distinguished and eminent men lend
their aid to the success of the Chautauqua
movement. Every president of the United
States since the time of Grant has spoken
to assemblies in tho auditoriums, and
among the speakers for this year Is Theo
dore Roosevelt.
Basic Principle of Chantnaqna.
Though the Chautauqua institution has
grown to vast proportions, it has re
mained loyal to its chief fundamental Idea
education of adults. In founding this
school Bishop Vincent had for his basic
idea a faith In the possibility of every
man apd woman obtaining an education
no matter how late in life. Chautauqua,
he says, emphasises the Idea that the
home is the best school, and the father
and mother when educated, the best teach
ers. This principle Is felt In the work of
Chautauqua today In all its departments.
Of course the opportunities offered at Chau
tauqua in the summer work are taken ad
vantage of more largely by the young,
and of an evening the parks and plazas
of the beautiful little summer city by the
lake are thronged with' gay young people,
full of the Inspiration and energy which
the Chautauqua' Idea Imparts.'
Chantanqna Summer Schools.
' While there is no space in a brief news
paper article to go Into the full details
of the full curriculum and work. It may
be stated that the summer schools which
began the last week in June and last
through the finat week of August, offer
Instruction in more than thirteen different
departments and embrace a faculty of
over eighty Instructors.
The expense of Instruction at Chautauqua
Is certainly less than can be obtained for
similar advantages anywhere In the world'
In fact the management claim to be the
most economical scheme of education in the
world, and say that the reading clrclo
movement solves the problem of how a
busy person can with limited time and
small income obtain a definite and well
rounded course of study at n cost of a
little more than a cent a day, and a
schedule of reading which may be covered
in nine months, by devoting twenty min
utes a day to serious thought. In fart,
Chautauqua is the most original and the
most successful of modern popular educa
tional ideas.
Growth of the Idea.
There are many different societies for
the pursuit of special branches of learning
end culture which have grown out of this
movement, and which are encouraged by,
and in part under the direction of the
Chautauqua management. It would require
a large volume to explain adequately all
that is embraced in the Chautauqua Idea,
the details of the various branches of
study and lines of thought and of the
complete work of all the organizations
and in fact Bishop Vincent has prepared
a book entitled "The Chautauqua Move
ment," which Is in part "historical and part
descriptive, and sets forth In completeness
what Is known as the Chautauqua Idee..
The regular work of the Institution,
however, may In a general way be classed
under the two heads of the summer schools
known as the College of Liberal Arts,
with its auxiliary correspondence schools
and what Is known as the Chautauqua
Literary and Scientific Circle, which Is In
fact a series of home reading courses.
While the summer schools are in session
there Is a daily program of Intellectual
and aesthetic treats for all those at Chau
tauqua, whether they are there as stu
dents, visitors or summer residents. The
purpose of these dally programs, which last
for eight ' full weeks While the summer
university Is In session, Is to stimulate the
regular students as well as to Instruct
and entertain those not enrolled In" the
routine work. . Perhaps their, nature . may
be best .gathered from the features of a
single day:
July 2810 a. m., devotional hour: "The
Fourfold Portrait of Christ." I Matthew's
Christ. Rev. George Jackson. 11 a. m.,
municipal conference: Address. 1:30 p. m.,
lecture: "Moral leaders from Socrates t
Bruno." I. "The Function of the Moral
Leader." Mr. Edward Howard GrlRKs.
4 l ni., ( I.. S. t'. round table. Opening
address. 5 p. m., leetnre. "History nf France.
I. Louis XIV." Prof. Alcee Fortler. 7 p.
m.. osyn air band concert. S p. m.. Illus
trated lecture, "The Personal Washington,"
Mr. W. W. Ellsworth.
Contents of Cnrrirnlnm.
The work of t lie summer schools ln
eludes the ordinary subjects of study which,
are found in tho curriculum of the average
college, English language and literature,
modern languages, classical languages,
mathematics and science, psychology and
pedagogy, religious teachings. Besides
these there are seven schools organized for
the advantage of those training for some
special work, such as library work, domes
tic science, music, the arts and crafts, ex
pression, physical culture and the practi
cal arts.
The home reading course, or the C. L. 8.
C. requires simply the reading of the four
or five books prescribed, "together with a
series of studies printed in the ofTlolal mag
azine, The Chautauquan. These four years
of reading are distinguished as the classi
cal, the American and English, and the
modern European years. Twenty minutes
of the twenty-four hours of each day for
four years will accomplish the reading,
and whenever , four or five of the students
are gathered together a local chapter may
be formed. It Is this branch of the Chau
tauqua idea which of course is the largest
that has carried the fame of the Institu
tion over the world.
Runs Into Thousands.
This is emphatically a commercial age,
and the success of the Chautauqua Idea
and the efficiency of Its work may be
gathered best from some statistics. There
are now over 11,000 branches of the C. L.
S. C. scattered throughout the world;
even poor benighted Russia has these read
ing circles, and in Japan they are num
bered by thousands. Over 50,000 students
have graduated from this reading course.
The financial report of the trustees shows
that over $48,000 was spent .by the depart
ment of Instruction at Chautauqua )ast
year, and that, on days of special attrac
tions as many as 20,000 people were often
In attendance.
There is in fact in this beautiful little
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APPROACH TO ST. PAUL'S GROVH3.
educational city in the woods accommoda
tions for not less than 10.000 people. It
has a vast amphitheater which will seat
something over G.000. It has handsome col
lege buildings, lecture halls, music rooms,
museums, gymnasiums, etc., besides a mag
nificent hotel, and' many tasteful cottages.
The members of the Boardf Trustees of
tho Chautauqua Institution are representa
tive men from all parts of the country two
or three of them residing In Canada. Not
long ago the president, Dr. Hickman of
Jamestown, declared that no other Institu
tion In the country gave so many advan
tages for the money; that the Institution
was In no way a money making one, but
that It was benevolent and educational,
and everything considered, one of the most
economical places in the world.
There Is an admission fee to the grounds
at Chautauqua. To the casual sojourner
It Is 40 cents per day; to the student who
stays throughout, the season, .but $5. Out
of this fund the magnificent dally enter
tainments are provided. The special
courses are of course paid for by a tui
tion fee which is in all cases moderate.
Service to the World.
That this beautiful little educational city
which lies high in a green rolling prosper
ous country has an influence for much
more good than many of the largest cities
of the land, there can be no doubt. It
has served to spread among a large num
ber of people who were unable to attend
regular , schools, a good, sound and thor
ough education in ordinary branches. It
has been found by computation that of the
population of the United States one person
out of every 250 has been in some measure
a Chautauqua student. Over 2,300 normal
teachers froni the state normal schools of
the nation were last year in attendance at
Chautauqua, and 200 other Chautauquas
have been modeled after this parent Insti
tution. This little city is a democracy, of
learning, where everyone will find recog
nition, not according to his social station,
business connection or political position,
but according to his intellectual aspirations
and his moral character. And while study
Ib thus being carried on, the grounds of
the Institution, the lake and the beautiful
country around offer opportunities for out-'
door life and recreation; so that there la
perhaps no single locality in the world
where so much can be triads of life on all
sides as at Chautauqua during the months
of July and August.
LYNN TEW SPRAGUR.
THe Industrial and Commercial Invasion of Cuba by Americans
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(Copyright. 1906, by Frank O. Carpenter.)
AVANA. June 29 (Special Corre
spondence of The Bee.) Cuba
has put on the seven-league hoots
of modern progress and Is march
ing double-quick, toward pros
perity and wealth. Its surplus this year
is greater per capita than that of any
country on earth. Sugar has gone skyward
and the crop will bring f40,0tn,000 more
than the usual price. In addition Cuba
has more than the $20.op.OOO from the bonds
which have been recently allowed to the
soldiers. From these two sources alone It
has now Iti0.ono.ooo more than a year ago,
and all this In a population of 1.S00.000 souls.
This amans an average Increase of HQ for
every man, woman and child In the coun
try, or, at five to the family.' an increase
of UW Pr famUy. To realise that, sup
pose that every family In the United States
could suddenly add t'MO to Its present pile.
Suppose thut every mother's sou of you
and every mother's daughter, too, had 140
fttore t.uii you had last year, or In any
ar preceding, and you have the1 condition
the Cuba of today. Such an increase in
the United States would mean the sudden
addition of about t3.6oo.om,Oiu to our na
tional wealth; and also that this vast iuiit
would almost all go Into Immediate circu
lation for the booming and building up of
the country.
That Is what they have In Cuba today.
They have wore. Every business is
prosperous. Tho . tobacco crop lias been
ood. .The Uland Is fait becoming the
uit and vegetable garden of the United
States, .lauds are being sold In Uirp tracts
to Americans and there i a general rise
In real estate and other properties through
ut the Island, . ' There were three limes aa
AMERICAN CATTLE IN CUBA.
many American tourists here last winter
as in any winter preceding, and today scat
tering companies of young Yankees are
prospecting the provinces and picking up
good things In cheap lands and other in
vestments. I felt that we should soon have
a big industrial and commercial invasion
of Cuba, and came here as one of the ad
vance scouts of our business army to re
port to you the possibilities of that peace
ful Invasion. I find, however, that the
movement is far In advance of what I sup
posed, and that the Invasion, although en
tirely unorganized, is well under way.
Talk with Our Consul (General.
Perhaps no American in Cuba is bet
ter posted on the situation than Mr. Frank
Steinhart. the consul general from the
United States. He was here during the
war and was closely associated with Gen
eral Wood and our other officials In the
reformation of the country. He has done
much or American trade since then and
he sees' Cuba through the eyes of a prac
tical business man. I met Mr. Steinhart
in the offices ot the consulate. He said:
"You cannot appreciate the change in
Cuba since the war without having been
on the grour.d. At that time the people
were tiie poorest of the poor. Thousands
had not enough to eat and hardly enough
clothes to cover their nakedness. This
was so when the war closed and long
thereafter. At the lnglaterra hotel, where
you are stopping, the cafe, as you know,
is right on the street. Eating dinner there,
in those dark times, one would have a
crowd looking in at the windows, reaching
out its hands and begging for food. You
could see famine in the ribs of every other
person you met; niaiiv of the children
a ere skin and bones. The catUe had been
eaten up during the war, and there was
practically no meat for sale at prices which
the people could paj. There was no money.
The merchants had no business. Every
thing was poverty. Today the people here
are fat and well dressed. All have plenty
and money to spend. Business is good
everywhere and everyone has work. Lands
are rising and real estate sales are made
every day."
I here referred to the Increase In circu
lation from the sugar surplus and the
loan, whereupon the consul general said:
"Yes, but that Is not all. The sales of
lar.ds will bring in many millions of new
money this year, and Cuba's foreign trade
with the balance in Its favor has
enormously Increased. Indeed, I don't
know of a country which has so much good
new money as this."
BuaaTSurpIus.
"But much of Cuba's surplus Is from
sugar, the price of which Is liable to
fall?"
"Sugar may fall,". replied the consul gen
eral." "Indeed, I believe that a lower
price would be for the good of this island.
It would prevent inflation and put us on
a sounder business basis. Sugar is bound
to bring a fair price In the future, and
this is the chief sugar country of the
world. Cuba can produce on the same
area at a lower cost than any other coun
try. They talk about the Philippine
islands as a possible competitor of Cuba
In the sugar Industry. That Is ridiculous!
We can rsise sugar here for less than tb,e
freight on the manufactured product from
the Philippines to the United States. We
can lay our sugar down In New Orleans
at a lower cost than sugar can be pro
duced un the Louisiana plantations. The
conditions for this Industry are almost
perfect In Cuba. There Is no land like it."
"Is most of the sugar land under culti
vation 7"
"No," replied our consul general. "Our
sugar industry is only about a half cen
tury old and the product altogether
amounts to 1,000.000 tons per annum. It
might be quadrupled If all of the available
lands were under cultivation. There are
vast sugar areas which are yet to be
opened up, and some parts of the Island are
practically untouched as far as this Indus
try is concerned. Take Santiago. There
are tens of thousands of acres which will
produce sugar, for Bale there at from $3
per acre and upward, and there are similar
lands in Puerto Principe and Santa Clara,
Many new mills are now building and that
especially along the line of the Cuba rail
road, which has been constructed since the
war, opening up the eastern end of the
Island."
Americans In Cnha.
"Are many Americans coming Into
Cuba?"
"Yes, from all parts of the United States,
and many of them are Investing In lands
and other properties. The majority of
those now here are men of money, who
make large purchases. They are entirely
different from the Americans who overran
Cuba al the close of the war. Those were
mostly the struggling offscourlng of our
army and adventurers without money,
whose chief idea was to get something for
nothing and to sell It for a big price.
Those now arriving bring money with them
or have such backing at home that they
can pay for what they buy. Indeed, cash
is a necessity in making purchases here.
The Cubans who sell want a goodly pro
portion of their money down, and the bal
ance on very short time. The lands are
held In large tracts. It is easy to find good
investments embracing from one to loO.uOU
acres each, but It is almost impossible to
buy small farms of Cubans. Such farms
are for sale at much higher prices from
the Americans who buy the large tracts."
Money lii Cattle.
"But does it not take a large tract for
any kind of an agricultural undertaking
here?"
"It does, as far aa sugar is concerned.
Such plantations often run into the thou
sands of acres, and It requires several
thousand acres to support one good-sized
sugar mill. It la different with tobacco,
vegetables, lruit and coffee. Those crops
can be raised on small farms. That is
also the case with, cattle, although slock
farming Is more profitably conducted on
large ranches.
"This country Is one of the best cattle
countries of the world," continued the con
sul general. "We have land here which
raises grass from twelve to fifteen feet
high, upon which the cattle will keep fat
the year reund. They need no grain what
ever, and there is no expense for barns or
stables. Our cattle were all killed off dur
ing the war, but prior to that time there
were as many as 1. 000,000 head on the Island.
Since the war closed we have been gelling
our meat on the hoof from Texas, Venezu
ela, Porto Rico and elsewhere. We have,
I venture, something like ;.000.00O cattle In
Cuba now and more than 1.5O0.OU0 on the
register books. Our farmers are surprised
al how well cattle do here. You can bring
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WITEN TTTE XVAR' CLOSED TTTET 'WERE SKIN AND BONES-MR. CARPENTER'S SNAP SHOT SHOWS THEIR CON
DITION TODAY.
an old American cow with hollows over her
eyes as big as your fist to Santiago and
put her on grass. Within a few monlhs
she will fill out, fatten up and be as spry
as a cat. Indeed, I look for the time when
Cuba will be exporting beef. Just now
meats are high and the stockmen are doing
welL"
American Trade.
"What should Americans do to Increase
their business here, Mr. BtelnhartT"
been on the plantations studying the situ
ation. He was In my office the other day
and during his stay told me that he had
already made plans which would drive the
English and German machinery out of
Cuba."
Future of Cuban Trade.
"Do you look for much Increase In our
trade with Cuba, Mr. Steinhart?" I asked.
"Yes, if our merchants will send the
proper men here and will take advantage
business here It must give as good terms as
other nations.
American Goods In Cub.
I find American goods for sale almost
everywhere In Havana. They are handled
by Cubans, Spaniards and Americans and
are imported both direct from the United
States and through commission houses.
There are altogether about twenty-five
American mercantile firms and also agen
cies of rsjany large American houses. The
"They should send their best men to sutdy f " opportunities now offered to Increase Bwl,tB Cudahy. have meat
me iraae. iney snouia reaire mat iney cuui, iu, iun unu
the Island and its possibilities.. One of our
leading agricultural implement manufactur
ers asked me the other day about selling
goods In Cuba In reply I asked him If he
had a man in his works who was worth
J15.O00 a year to htm. He replied that some
of the higher officials of the company re
ceived that much. 'I don't mean one of
your fancy officials,' said I, 'I mean one of
your mechanical engineers, a man who
knows all about machinery and 'can invent
mod I flea t tons of machinery for certain
endB. If you have such a man worth (15,000
a year, and can send him here, he will earn
you more money In one trip than any 115,300
you have ever spent. Your man should not
do a stroke of work, but to go over tho
Island and live on the plantations, and see
how the work Is done, and what machinery
Is needed. 8uch a man will plan machines
which will revolutionize the sugar business,
and which will make your sugar mills and
are working not only for the Cuba of today
but the Cuba of the future. This island is
just at its beginning. It will rapidly grow
In population and wealth. The Cubans are
money spenders, and their market will be
worth far more to us than that of any
South American country. Our manufac
turers shquld appreciate this future. They
should send men here to study the field.
Every exporting house should have its
branch here in which to educate drummers
for -the Cuban trade, and work it. The
Cuban has his own business methods, and
we should adapt ourselves to him rather
than force him to do business our way."
The European nations give .Ime here on
every bill sold. On some things they give
three, six and nine months, and in certain
branches of business eighteen months.
There is no reason why Americans should
not trade with Cuban merchants on the
your farming Implements Just what Cuba um( basis that they trade with home mer-
wants. chants. The commercial houses here sre
"I said the same thing to the Fairbanks old and well established. Tbelr financial
people a few months ago," continued Gen
eral Steinhart, "and they sent a man dewn
at a salary of 110,000 a year. That man has
canned stuffs. There are several American
drug stores, an American news stand, a
whisky dealer or so, and a large number
of real estate firms.
One of the biggest American establish- '
ments Is that of the Harris Brothers on
O'Reilly street not far from the Prado.
This firm sells all sorts of American office
furniture snd supplies, stationery aad
notions. It has a big acetyline gas busi
ness, having put in hundreds of acetyline
light plants at sugar mills, small towns
and houses throughout the Island, which
It supplies with carbide. The Harris boys
came here from Florida Just about the time
the war closed with less than 15,000 and
opened a store for typewriters, bicycles
and office supplies. They did about 1100,000
worth of business the first year, and since
then have steadily Increased, until now they
have not only this retail establishment In
Havana, but also a considerable wholesale
trade throughout the island. They tejl me
there are plenty of chances here for sober
standing ran be easily ascertained, snd,and '""''lous Americans with honesty
many of them are perfectly good. If the ""r "mou"1 ul or'" ur aave
United statts wuuLi bave the bulk of tha Contlnue4 on Page BlghU)