9
TIIE OMAITA- ILLUBTRATEI) BEE.
mot tn, I9v.
MAIN WASH GOODS DEPARTMENT
About a car load of entirely new wash poods, on sale Monday nd nurh
prices aa these will not occur in a long time again in Omaha.
HERE ARE A FEW LEADERS:
59c High Grade bilk Organdies
at 25c a Yard
Son pieces of Arnold-! Bilk Organ
die, regulsr f.9o goods And have
been sold by other houses as high
us Tfco; comr In all the fine
Urge floral designs; Mon- 2C
day only, at, a yard acv
25c Organdies at 15c
Beautiful floral designs, all the
latest patterns, mercerised stripes
and figure, aold at 26c Rp
srd. Monday
19c Grecian Voiles at 10c
Grecian, Roman and French Voiles
Hint always sell at ISo and f)c
l!ki yard. Monday ,vw
Half Silk Wash Goods; 59c
Goods at 39c a Yard
Runglow Hllk (an all the leading
ournala-alwaya aold at 3Qg
Frld of Tokto, a' fine .wash Bilk
fabric, JO Inches wide, worth 75c
a yard will go 50C
Hlgl, a yard wide silk, worth 11.00
will go on sale 6i)C
Banxla, the pride of Jnpan, Rftn
60 colors, at JVW
Why buy seconds In 8ampson'
silks when you can buy the very
bent grade from us 6SC
Homespun Siik
Looks just like Rajah and Cn
will wash much better "
A larf e variety of half silk" and
all silk wash novelties.
Yard, wide 811k Pongee, for Mon
day only at, a 25C
Extra Special for Monday
19aVV."?7 IOC
16c Chambra ys IOC
25c whit ' boodl' " " ' 1 0 C
15c Voiles
at
10c Voiles, fast colors 2JC
Amoskeag Apron Checks 2 jc
5c
19c
White Goods and Dress Linens
High grade Embroidered Batistes,
made In Switzerland st 7Rr
$1.9. 1.6fl. 11.25. 11.00 and....' WW
Persian I.awns at 11.00,
75c, 50c, 2nc and
French I -awns at 11.25, ' Fi
ll no. 75c. 6V, 39c and Ov
Mercerised Batiste at 50c. OE
39c and
Embroidered Linen Lawn, high
class work at 7Sn
$1.26. $1.00 and
Butcher s Linen at -fSc,
5"c, 3no and
Shirt Waist Suit Linen at $1.25,
.nd:..!50:.500. 35c
Handkerchief Linen at $1.50, 'Qr
$1.25, ,00. 75c. 5"c and
Linen I .awns at $1.26, $1.00, OCtf.
75c. 60c. 36c and WW
Linen finished Shirt Waist i?in
Bultlngs. 25c, 19c. 15c and..'"1'
All Linen, warranted, natural,
champagne, blue, etc. 5c
ling
Linens fi
$1.98 to
roni, a yard,
15c
Wool Dress Goods
Closing out all summer dress goods at
less than one-half of their value.
All black novelties will go at exactly half
pries.
KA ntnnM nf KA.fnb Una lH crh f mnhfllni
v T - " . o.ll. -,1 -.Li- .u. I . m
In blnck, blue and brown, they are -. ic
VU
LINING DEPARTMENT
Silkt and Satin
Skinner's Satin, the best made,
at :
1.50
worth $1.00 ier yard Mon
day only, at
38c
100 pieces of $1, $1.25 and $1.50 mohair
novelties, the very latest designs, all
will go on Monday at,1 .
per yard ... OJC
Our Special Hourly Sale
FROM 8 TO 10 A. M. we will aell 250
nieces of mohairs, voiles, etamines,
handsome shirtwaist suiting, In check,
mixtures, pluins, etc. They sold at iSOc,
69c, 75c and $1 yard. Only one
pattern to a customer, at aStsC
goods ever made, for, yard
Sampson's silk, all silk lining
taffeta, at
Yuma mod. all silk lining,
at
Lustra), the best sateen lining
- on the market
Gloria Cloth, as fine as silk,
at
Manhattan, the best In America
for the price
Headquarters for Tailors' trimmings.
Special prices to tailors.
Send for samples of wash goods linings
and dress goods.
58c
45c
35c
35c
25c
VALKXCIEN NES
LACES, worth from
7c to 15c per
yard, at,
5c-2oC
15c and 25c Cheeney
Bands and Torchon
Edges, at, yard,
nn
LfL
L-Au LLbuV
THE RELIABLE, STORE.
Our Suit Prices Will Convince You
5c
Monday's Linen and Domestic Bargains
Our Monday sales in the great west room are weekly increas
ing the interest of all economical buyers. Not only do we show
the greatest line of Linens and Domestics in the west, but our
prices are alwavs lowest.
Visit Our LVsf Roam Mondav. I
27ftC PJ..mi8.1'8 '8hte.tj?' 60c Full Bleached Table Damask. OfY
2V yards wide-special, at, 20C Peclal. at, yard 0fC
76e Bleached and Unbleached AH Linen
35c and '50c Corset
Cover Embroideries,
special Monday at
yard.
25c
WASHABLE
STOCKS (take
apart) the latest
thing In Neckwear,
50c
20c, 25c and 30c
Embroideries, great
variety of patterns,
Monday, at, yard,
5c
yard
25c Samoset Brown 8eamless Sheet- f7lr
Ing. 2U yardB wide. at. yard
$Hc Soft Finish Bleached Muslin,
(Lonsdale Co.), at. yard
15c Soft Finish English Long Cloth. QU
36 Inches wide, at, yard OJW
7o heavy L.L. yard wide Muslin,
special, at, yard
15c Fine Bleached Pillow Casing,
45 inches wide, at, yard
13Ue Fine Bleached Pillow Casing,
42 Inches wide, at. yard
65c Ready-to use Sheets, torn, not
cut, eixao sue, special
..4ic
..He
..10c
49c
4c Ready-to-usa Bleached Sheets, lOl
72x90 size, at ,7..,fC
9c
Table Damask, very special, . yiM-
at. yard 77.. ...... 4C3C
$1 Table Damask Bleached and T'n
bleached, beautiful patterns, yard,
16c Percales, dark and light patterns,
36 inches wide, at
7Hc Standard Dress Prints, dark
and light patterns, at '
12HC Pillow Slips, 46x36 sire,
at
65c
7tc
3Zc
15c Challet and Nicker Voiles, Qj
at. yard OjC
12He Seersucker Ginghams, very spe- (E
clal value, at, yard CJL,
26c Lace Stripe Walstlngs, fn.
at, yard IVJC
15c Granite Suiting, at, yard 8Hc
19c Mohair Suitings, at, yard 10c
Flannel Dept.
81-2c light and dark Outing Flannel
and extra heavy white Shaker Flannel,
at 4 1 2c a yard
10c Comforter Calico, at, pet yard 5c
15c Red Stag Zephyr Gingham, at, per yard 5c
10c Drapery Satta Silk, at, per yard. v ........... . 6 l-2c
18c and 25c Drapery Cretonne, at, per yard 12 l-2c
30c White Wool Flannel, at, per yard 20c
$1.50 Extra High Grade White Bed Spreads, Marseilles patterns, with heavy
knotted fringe, cut corner for iron beds, large size, each OSc
Fine white Honey Comb Bed Spreads, full double bed size, handsome Mar-
sellles patterns, hemmed and all ready for use, each 59c
10c
That there is no more economical store than Hayden's. Our
prices for the next week or ten days will be of most intense
interest to economical buyers. We must reduce stock quickly,
hence these sweeping price reductions.
SILK :SI1IRT WAIST SUITS Artistically designed, prettily
trimmed, great assortment of colors; $15.00 Q iQR
values, Monday
FASHION DICTATES A REIGN OF WHITE And the
superb showing of White Linen and Lawn Suits here
guarantees satisfaction. A new shipment Just re
ceivednewest stvles, Inclndlng values at $25.00,
$15.00, $12.50, $10.00, $7.5(, $4.98 I Qfi
down to tJJ
BEAUTIFUL SILK REDINGOTES The most popular
silk coat of the season worth up to $35.00; O PA
special Monday IO JU
WITH THE LINEN SUIT nothing is more stylish
than a white Sicilian pr linen coat; we are Clft
showing $10.00 values Monday, at 00
Special Values in Women's Skirts
$8.00 SICILIAN AND PANAMA SKIRTS
In artistic designs, at
BEAUTIFUL WALKING SKIRTS In
newest styles and fabrics in voiles,
taffetas and Panamas, at $15.00, "7 C A
$12.50, $10.00 and ..JU
Women's Waists
The most complete line shown
west at prices which
Don't miss this sale.
defy
in the
competition.
2k
SILKS $10,000 STOCK SILKS
ANOTHER BIG SILK PURCHASE BY HAYDEN BROS, from The I xeb Morris Big Commission
Merchants, which we place on sale Monday at prices way below the mill price. This stock consist of
THIS SEASON'S BEST PATTERNS, all the new weaves and a full line of leading colors of both
fancy and plain and the chameleon effects. Indies, here is the grandest oppcrtn.rdry ever offered to
buy the best of silks chenp. This sale starts at 8 o'clock sharp, and extra salespeople to see that
everyone Is waited upon TO THE BEST ADVANTAGE.
Natural Jap JVash Silk, I Or?
It Inches wide, yard ave
Color Jap Wash Cords, 19 Inches
wide, regular W)c, rilr"
17 Inches wide,
42c
yard
Colnr China Silks,
regular 69c,
yard
$1 Oil Fancy and Plain Silks In coin
dots, checks, stripes, small figures
and plain Messalines a beautiful
line of very choice silks for suits
while they last ,.4 SC.-,
yard OC
Fancy Silks, 27 and 20 Inches wide.
In blue and white checks, black
and white checks, Iliac and white
checks, stripes and print warps.
In blues, greens, reis snd browns,
regular $12.". values Al.b UKp
AT ONE PRICK-yard 0JW
Chameleon Silks, In the new shades,
the handsomest silk for an ele
gant gown very special gOg
35c
Color Taffetas, for linings,
It Inches wide, yard
Color Tnffelas. for suits, full line
of sha-.les, regular tec d.Qf
values, yard
Crepe de Chine, 34 Inches wide, all
colors, regular 75c and 89c values.
In this sale, ACir
yard
17-inch color Taffetas, from one of
the leading mills, splendid for
hind wear, 11.00 quality, $2C
Taffeta Zip. extra heavy and guar
anteed to wear, 20 Inches wide.
yVrd.q."".".t.5:. 69C
Specials in Black Silks from
the Lveb-Morris Stock
lt-lnch Taffeta, regular
76c value, yard
48c
24-Inch Taffeta, regular
8ic value, yard
27-Inch Tnffcta. regular
$1.00 value, yard
3fi-lneh Taffeta, regular
$1.2" value, yard...
SS-lnch Taffeta, regular
$1.75 value, yard
Sii-lnch Taffeta, rea-ular
$2.00 quality, yard
59c
..68c
,79c
..1.19
1.05
20-lneh Peau de Sole, regu- OCc
lar $1.26 quality, yard
80-Inch Peau de Sole, regal
lar $1.00 quality, yard......."'
84-inch Peau de Pole, regu- f OR
lar $1.8? quality, yard
t-lneh Peau de Sole, regu- O KfJ
lar $3.M quality, yard ",L,V
Beautiful Embroid
eries, worth 10c,
12c and 15c
yard, at, yard,
per
5c
25c and 35c plain
and fancy Ribbons,
Monday, per yard,
12 c
$3.00 Waists, in beautiful new styles, at 1.45
$5.00 Jap, in all colors; special, at 2.98
$0.00 Silk Underskirts, all colors," at. 3.98
Handsome Silk Coats, worth $5.00, at ! . . . .2.98
A magnificent line of Children's White Dresses, in dainty fabrics and )g
beautiful designs, at $3.08, $3.50, $2.98, $2.50, $1.50 and l.D
,YOU MUST SEE THEM TO APPRECIATE THEIR VALUE. -
Don't Miss These Hour Sales
FROM 8:30 TILL 9:30 A. M.-$2.50 Ladles' Wash Suits
at f
FROM 9 TILL 10 A M. Women's Dressing Sacques
nt
FROM 10 TILL 11 A. M. $1.00 Women's Waists
at
50c Hand Bags, an
immense line, spec
ial Monday at,
25c
1.00
35c
39c
79c Fancy Silk Gir
dles, snap Monday
at,
49c
50c Fancy Silk Gir
dles, splendid bar
gains at.
GREAT PATTERN HAT SALE
At $4.98 .
One of the most remarkable events In the history of our millinery career will
take place in our second floor department Monday.
We will ofTer four hundred and fifty New York pattern hats of the most
elejtant materials and beautifully trimmed with ostrich feathers, aigrettes, fancy
winifs, owl heads, silk and velvet flowers. You will find them to be the best
values ever offered In the city of Omaha.
FOUR. NINETY-EIGHT
For hats that are right up to the minute in style and workmanship.
Others ask for hats not quite so good $15.00; you can take your
pick of the lot Monday, while they last, at
$3.00 Shirt Waist and Shopping ' CQn?100 Children's Trimmed
Hats... rOC straw Hats
$4.00 Children's and Misses' f f I Baby Wash Bon nets can be easily
Trimmed Hats, $2.50, $1.98 and.
ribbon bows. 9Sc. 76c and.
4.98
69c
50c
If You Sleep Cool You Sleep Well
25c
CRP.ND SPECIAL HARDWARE SALE MONDAY-The Largest Graniteware Sale Ever Attempted
2-quart blue enamel
Rije Boiler
79c
No. 8 Granite
Coffee Qr
Boiler ....
No. 8 Granite C Q
Tea Kettle....'-''
Granite Dippers
at
S-Cr
10-quart Granite - 1-qt. Granite 1Z
Dish Pan ..'' Tea SteeDer
Tea Steeper'
ICC Wooden cq
Y7
2-q uart White Mountain
:;.:....i.98
No. 8 Nickel Plat
ed Tea Kettle. . . .
89c
Medium size Gran- lZ
ite Colander JC
Granite Kettle
Covers, any size.
15c
HAYDEN'S BIG GROCERY
TAKES THE LEAD
firanitn Rastlnir Snnnna
1 cji " 1
Freezer vv uiw enainii DRiramer iuw at
Russian Iron Gasoline Oven $1.4 I Garden Hose, per foot Be High Grade Lawn Mower.. $3.25
2-quart Arctic 1 7C ...r"1
Freezer 1.75 White
C 2-hole burner Gas- jf C)
C olina Stova A.F
Large Western Washer $3.69
tf-is, sacks fancy high patent Minnesota
Flour ., $1.48
T lbs, Best Rolled Oatmeal 16c
4 lbs, pest Hand Picked Navy Beans. ...15c
4 lbs, Iiest Paarl Tapioca, 8ago, Barley or
f'arola IRe
ba, Oood Japan Rica 15c
Mb, palls pure Fruit Jelly 15c
lft-ib, sacks Best Kiln Dried Commeal...l5c
1-lh, cans Rex Pork and Beans, with
sauea 6c
-lb. jar purs Fruit Preserves 7c
-lb, cans Fancy Alaska Salmon Sc
uw aw Musiora ea
Mustard Sardines, per can.
4c
Large bottle pure Tomato Catsup 7Hc
Largs bottle Queen Olives 10c
10 bars Swift's Pride, Beat 'Em" All or
White Parts Laundry Soap 26o
4 lbs. best bulk Laundry Starch 15o
The best Cold Water Starch, per pk...7Hc
1-lb. can Eagle Lye 7 Wo
On Time Yeast, per pkg 2c
Sa polio Scouring Soap, per bar 5c
COFFEE SPECIAL.
Fancy Golden Santos Coffee, per lb.,..12Ha
TEA ALWAT8 SPECIAL.
Tea Sittings from finest teas, per lb 10c
PINEAPPLES! PINEAPPLES!!
Ttlegrsst Jnst Received.
N. Orleans, La.
Hayden Bros., Omaha, Neb.
Tour car Pineapples shipped S-24, will
arrive In Omaha Sunday, May 28. They
are very fine fruit.
A. C. Pineapple Assn.
These are of very fine quality. Large
and ripe, In fine condition for canning. As
long as they last we will sell them
Eseh Be and T l-2
Per Poies 60e aad 8S
No dealers supplied at these prices.
A Few Snaps in Our China Department
PretMly Decorated Cuspidors, Qg Crystal Handled Sherbets, 3C
Olp Beautiful Talwin Decorated Japanese Ci
plates. reKular $1 value, each ICJW
Fancy Lace Edge and Colored Shelf
Paper, 10 yards for .
Crystal Wine Glasses,
each
Crystal Berry Dishes,
each
Tulip Tea Cuns,
each ?
lc
1c
lc
Thin Lead Blown Water Tumblers, regu
lar price 31 ror set or six
special Monday, each ....
Beautiful Tostoiia cold finished glassware,
Just new choice ror
article
Don't fail to see them.
any
3ic
sware,
10c
We have just concluded a deal whereby wa
can offer you a sanitary steel couch at ths
lowest price ever attempted Cf)
in these parts J.JJ
The sanitary steel couch has now taken
the place of bed lounges and folding beds
with their stuffy and unhealthy tendencies.
There Is no place on a steel couch to har
bor dirt of any kind. It makes an excel-
lent bed, and a desirable couch. It Is cool, "
clean and strong, and at the price we now
make ($3.50) everybody can own one. Mat
tresses of all kinds at very low prices.
Special offer to keep the above company.
Oak Cane seat Chairs, $1.60 QO a5t plat9 Rack' wlth cup hook8' 65C
values, at for vw
Lsrgs Porch Arm Rocker, green 1.50 Rubber Tire Go-Cart, that folds, QE
frame, splint seat i.vv J. for
CfSr"...T.Bt.ab.10. f. "f..r...75C A ,reat many useful article. In weath-
Oak sideboard, French bevel Q fig erea oak. We can furnish 2, J or 5 rooms
mirror, for , cheaper than anybody and only ask you to
rf or .??. ! "e"".' UOO come and see us before you buy.
IT As a bed.
UP
Monday Furnishing Specials
Our Great Hosiery Sale Will Continue.
MEN'S FANCY LISLE HOSE-In all
the new snndes and patterns, worm
from 25c to 60c; to close them A
auicklv. Monday, 15c, 12ya and.lWty
LADIES' LISLE HOSE In plain and
fancies, worth from 2&C to ouc ii.
pair: sale price, 25c. 19c and. ..I
15c Ladles Black Hose, fast col- Q
j v
6c
ors; at, pair
Children's Heavy Ribbed Hose,
(rreat snap at, pair
$2 60 MEN'S SHIRTS. T5c Another chanoe
at these shirts will be given Mon
day. These are sample garments
worth $1 .60 to- $i.60-all latest spring
75c
patterns, and a great snap,
at
76c to $1.50 SAMPLE SHIRTS ft
All go Monday, at T Jt
LADIES' LISLE VESTS Worth up to
60c; Monday, while they last, C
at 19c. 81-3c and OK
26c to 39c Children's Vests and f
Pants; Monday, 19c and UC
MEN'S BALBR1GGAN UNDERWEAR,
worth double the price spe- Jf
clal Monday, at 89c, 25c and. ...IjC
39c Boys' Balbrlggan Underwear, C
while they last, Monday, at....UC
SIN
Attention
t- Wall Paper Buyers
Have you figured on-4he cost of papering
this year? If not, don't fall to get our
prices flrstL gyE TOU MONEY. , ,
Our line Is complete and up to data in
every particular, and our prices extremely
low. .. .
White Rlanks at. roll 3c
Fine Ollt Paper, up from...- ...o
Fine Embossed Paper, up from. lavic
Best grsde of Ready Mixed faint UNc
mt linn :'uw
VARNISHES, STAINS AND MOULDINU
AT luv ,oi rKiv-iio.
Optical Department
Yonr Eyes
WE
Should be fitted with
the RIGHT KIND
OF GLASSES.. ..
FIT THEM AT THE
KIND OF PRICES.
RIGHT
t f
The Railroads and the People Consolidation and Pooling Methods
I of American railroads baa been
A I a mnnnmllu tra.nariorta.tlon bv
stifling competition through com
bination. While the consolida
tion of railroads has In many respects
been benefloant In abolishing- vexatious and
expensive passenger and freight transfers
bstwsen connecting lines, the prooass of
consolidation and combination haa ass'uintd
startling proportions. .
At the beginning of ths present year the
railroad mileage of the United Btates is
computed to' approximate 210,000 mllss. Of
this vast network of steJ 180.000 miles, or
thereabouts, which originally was con
structed, owned and operated by V170 sepa
rata railroad companies. Is now merged
Into six gTeat systems and thslr allied lines,
at follows:
No. of
System. Roads.
Morgcn-Hlll 216
Gould-Rockefeller.. 10
Morse-Leeds la)
HsJ-rlraan 85
Vanderbllt 132
Pennsylvania 20
Allied systems 'Jbu
Mils-
age.
Capitalisation.
4H.00O $2.W5.118.9
28.5UO 1.3hl,877,50
1.06,2M).U3
1 ill. 243,711
l,lt9.1!H,131
1.822.402,335
8K9,277.0UO
26.O0O
23.0J0
22.000
14. QUO
Total ......1,10 180.000 $9.3S6.33,91
Teinely stated, six-sevenths or 86 per cent
of all the railway mileage' of the United
States is now controlled absolutely by six
groups of railway magnaiw, Hh an Iden
tity of Interests, Which In effect makes
It a single control- The absorption of the
remaining 80,000 miles by ths six great
rsllwsy systems Is only a matter of time
nd a short Urn at that. -
DlacrtaslaatloM la Rates.
It goes without saying that combination
by consolidation and community of interest
agreements are intimately connected with
discrimination In rates. Tt presence or
absence of competition la ths determining
factor which forbids or permits ths rail
ways to burden ths public with unequal or
unjust rstes. Ths presence of competition
at or.o point and lis absence at another
produce all discrimination betwssa localities,
Ths practlos of charging less for a long
haul than a short one does not arise from
any desire of the railways to perform a
greater service for leas money, but from
ths fact that there is competition for
freight tor ths longer distance and none
for the shorter. The practice of charging;
(what the traffic will bear cannot stand be
fore free competition for the carriage of
such freight. The policy of the railway
to suspend competition between rival routes,
by a compact for sharing earnings through
a pool to suppress It, shows clearly how
r.Ues axs maintained at competitive points.
That competition has a potential Influence
over railway poJlcies and rstes cannot be
diaputsd. but It Is no less certain that as
railways are now managed there are soma
Important departments of traffic In which
competition has no direct influence. The
railways have no monopoly oyer transpor
tation as a whole, but each railway has
a monopoly over transportation on its own
line, except at competitive points, and the
attempt of the railways Is to establish and
perpetuate by combination, their practical
monopoly over all traffic that cannot ad
vantageously take other routes.
Every railway Is free to do what it
pleases with its local traffic. It may charge
double or even Ave times as. much In pro
portion to distance as It does from com
peting points, or It may charge to ahlppers
from local points the full rats for hauling
commodities through ths local station to
the terminus of the road and ths local rate
for hauling It back again, as has been don
time and again by the transcontinental
railways.
$ .
aaassarr of Abases.
The shippers of grain and cattls from
cities that enjoy advantages ss distributing
csntsTB usually get the full benefit of uora
petition, but the grain or cattle shipped
from.,' loyal statlonji Is.offen eoropelUfl to
pay a higher rats fur carriage over a dis
tance of from 100 to 200 miles to the nesrest
distributing centsr than the charge for car
rying It from that paint to a asapsrl from
Fourth of o Series of Timely Articles Written by Edward Rosewater, Editor of The
Bee, on Different Phases of the Pending Railroad Problem
L000 to 1,500 miles distant.
Ths destruction of competition by con
solidation and the abuses to which ths
American people have been subjected by
railway managers and pools was summar
ised in the report of tb.e United - States
senate committee on Intrastate commerce
In support of ths demand for the creation
of ' an Interstate commerce commission.
This report charges:
One That local rates are unreasonably
high as compared with through rstes.
Two That local and through rates are
unreasonably (high a noncompetlng points,
either from the absence of competition or
In consequence ofvpoollng agreements that
restrict Its operation. . .
Three That rates are established with
out apparent regard to the actual cost of
the service performed, and are based
largely on "what the traffic will bear."
Four That unjustifiable discriminations
are constantly made between Individuals
In the rates charged for like service under
similar circumstances.
Five That Improper discriminations are
constantly made between -articles of
freight and branches of business of a like
character, and between different quantities
of the sunt class of freight.
8lx That unreasonable discriminations
are made between localities similarly sit
uated. V
Eeven-Thst the effect of ths .prevailing
policy of the railroad management Is, by
sa elaborate system of secret special rates.
rebates, drawbacks and concessions, to
foster monopoly, to enrich fayored ahlp
' pers snd to prevent tree competition In
'msny lines of trsde In which the Item of
transportation Is sn Imuortsnt factor.
.Eight That such favoritism snd secrecy
IntTsduce an element of uncertainty into
legitimate business that ' grsslly retards
the development of our Industries and
commerce.
Nine That the secret cutting of rates
and the sudden fluctuations that constantly
take place are demorslizing to all business
except that of a purely speculative char-
acter, and frequently occasion gieat in
justice and heavy losses.
Ten That, in the absence of national
and uniform legislation, the railroads are
able by various devices to avoid their re
sponsibility as carriers, especially cn ship
ments over more than one road, or from
one state to another, and that shippers
find great difficulty In recovering damages
for the loss of property or for Injury
therefor.
First Ileaolar Tool Organized.
In 'spite of repeated efforts by the Inter
state Commerce commission iu numiress
these abuses they still ooni.r.ue to a
greater or lesser extent in every sectiun
of the country. The first regular i ool or
ganised In the fulled Btaus was a t'lil-cugo-Omaha
pool formed by the i .i.l .;
& Northwestern, the Chicago. Burt...n. .i
tc Qunicy and the Chicago. Koek lslun.i
Pacific, the first three yunk lines connect
ing the c-ltie of Chicago and Omaha. ThiH
pool, which was subsequently Joined by
other lines made an eiiual djvlslon of
the traffic and was so well organized that
It lasted fourteen years without a break.
( The abuses practiced, by. the conipunles
belonging to this fool were one of the
v-hlef causes of the "granger" movement
In lows. "It Is Indeed doubtful." Sjvs
Governor l.arrabee In his book on the
railroad question, "whether- any other
railroad combination ever maintained itself
longer or pursued 'its ends with greater
pertinacity ..nan mis pool."
Another pool of national notoriety was
the Southern Railway and Steamship as
sociation, organized In the state of Georgia.
It was ' the first money pool formed In
the United States. Each member was
awarded a certain percentage of the total
business between the various competitive
points along the line. If a company car
ried more than Its share It was compelled
to turn over the receipt from such addi
tional trafflo to Its rivals, which paid It
a nominal price for carriage. The alliance
was' also so well made that there was no
Inducement for sny company to seek, to
carry more than its allotment.
Discipline Rebellions Members.
The pool had its own executive, legists
tlve and Judicial departments and enforced
Its decrees with an Iron hand. It main
tained a strong centralized government,
and rebellious members had hut little
mercy to expect from It. It provided thtt
if any Investor or representstlve of any
company should authorize or promise di
rectly or Indirectly any variation from
established tariffs he should be discharged
I'rom the service with the reason stated.
The strong sentiment which permeates the
touth In favor of state control of railways
I the direct result of the many evils which
this powerful pool Introduced Into the rail
road business of that sectt in of the coun
try. At the tune the interstate law was en
acted by connrF railroad pools covpred
the whrle coi-ntry. All pursued the same
object, viz.: The control of rates at com
petitive points which enabled companies to
maintain excessive schedule rates nt IocjI
points. The prohibition of pooling by con
KrcFMonal Isw sas followed by the dis
solution nt the various traffic assoc iation,
so-rslled, for which the railroad bimiagers
substituted new contracts, ban.-it on a com
munity of Interests, whereby common rates
were established and maintained at com
petitive points snd nrbitrsry local rates
were continued, nnd in many Instances ma
terially Increased by changes In the classi
fication. As Occasional Rate War,
Occasionally, however, a rate war Is pre
cipitated by traffic managers who seek to
whip-saw their compi-titors or by secret
rebates and cut rates, but these wars rarely
have proven of any advantage to the pa
trons of the railroads, who in the end are
compelled to make good the losses entailed
by rats cutting.
Eminent railway managers and railway
experts contend that the only plan that
would Insure equitable ratet and prevent
discrimination by secret rate cutting would
be through the legalization of railroad
pools and the enforcement of pooling com
pacts that would remove forever the in
centive for granting to one clssa of ship
pers concessions that are withheld from
other patrons of the railroads.
In view of the fact that the agreements
made by the railway traffic managers with
the sanction and under the direction of
railway presidents have been time and
again violated, the ability of the govern
ment to enforce pooling agreements among
.the railroads U exceedingly doubtful, even
If pooling was not against public policy
end subservativs of the fundamental prin
ciple upon which railway regulation must
rest, namely, untrammeled competition
among public carriers and equal charges
to all shippers for like service.
iBb.-alous aad Ussstrosi Scheme.
flm most ingenious, ss well as the most
ciuiigfrou w heme for railway pooling was
contrived by th organisation of the North
ern hec unties company, capitalized for
jV.i.OO-.iko. tu'sis-iicd expressly to merge the
stock of the (ireal Northern sr.d Northern
i'acilt.' toaus, owi'i by the Hill ulid Mor-t-vpdirate.
Willi the stock of the L'nlon
J'acifie Railway nmpany snd conler upon
Jba Noithern becu.itlts company the sols
prerogative to collect and distribute the
dividends declared by the respective com-"
panles and In all respect act as the owner
of thess corporations In ths organization,
management and operation of such rail
way companies and in the receipt and con
trol of their earnings.
This gigantic pool under a new form was
enjoined at the outset by the slate of Min
nesota, re-enforced later on by the Depart
ment of Justice, acting under orders of
President Roosevelt. The contention of the
attorney general was that if the combina
tion was held not to be In violation of the
act of congress then all efforts of the na
tional government to preserve to the people
the benefits of free competition among- car
riers engaged in Interstate commerce will
be wholly unavailing and all transconti
nental lines indeed, the entire railway sys
tem of the country may be absorbed,
merged and consolidated, thus placing the
public at the atsolute mercy of the holding
corporation. In this contention the prose
cution was sustained Dy the highest courts
of Minnesota and the supreme court of the
United States. In tcimmurhilng its view re
garding the lawlesMiiess of the Northern
Securities railway pool the supreme court
declared in substance:
"That In a combination, such as the act
of congress known as the Sherman anti
trust Isw condemns, It need not be shown
that the combination will result in a total
suppression of trade or In a complete mo
nopoly, hut It Is only essential to show
that by Its necessary operation It tends to
restrain Interstate or international trade or
commerce or tends to creste a monopoly
In such trade or commerce, snd to deprive
the public of the advantages that offer
from free competition. The constitutional
guaranty of liberty of contract does not
prevent congress from preserving ths rule
of free competition by those engaged In
Interstate and International commerce, and
under Its power to regulate commerce
among ths several ststes snd with foreign
nations congress has authority tli euact
the statute In question."
EDWARD ROSEWATER.
