THE OMAHA DAILY BEK: Wl-.nyESPAY. DECEMBER T. a,u..
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MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
Congress Listens to Communication frsm
ths Hfction'i Exscstive.
PROSPEROUS CONDITION OF OUR COUNTRY
Pear at Home and Abroad the llfull
f the Poller Adopted hy the
t rader of the threat He
nbllran Party.
(Continued from Page one.i
law should he amended and strengthened.
Wherever tho national government has
power there should be a trlngent em
ployer's liability law. which should apply
to the government Itnelf where the gov
ernment li an employer of labor.
In my mmaie to the Fifty-seventh con
gress, at Its second eselon, I urged tha
pa- of an employer' llnblllty law for
the IMstrlct of Columbia. I now renew
that recommendation, and further recom
mend that the congress appoint a commis
sion to make a comprehensive ntudy of em
ployer' liability with the view of extend
In the provision of a great and constitu
tional law to all employment within the
eop of federal power.
Meriala af Hoaor.
The government linn recognised heroism
upon the water, and bestow medal of
honor upon those pernnn who by extreme
and heroic daring havo endangered their
Uvea In aavlng, or endeavoring to aave,
Uvea from the perils of the aea In the
wates over which the t'nlted State ha
Jurisdiction, or upon an American vesel.
Thl recognition should be extended to
cover cna.-s of conspicuous bravery Hnd
sef-acrif1ce In the Having of life In private
n:nloyment under the jurisdiction of 'the
1'riHed 8tst, and particularly In the land
commerce of te nation.
Prestation of Railroad Accident.
The ever-lncreaaing casualty list upon our
railroads la a matter of grave public con
cern, and urgently calls for action by the
congress. Jn the matter of speed and com
fort of railway travel our railroads give at
least as good service as those of any other
nation, and there la no reason why this
service should not also be aa safe as human
Ingenuity ran make It. Many of our lead
ing roads nave been foremost In the adop
tion of the most approved safeguards for
the protection of traveler and employes,
yet tha lM of clearly avoidable accidents
continues unduly large. The passage of a
law requiring the adoption of a block sig
nal system has been proposed to the con
gress. I earnestly concur in that recom
mendation, and would also point out to tha
congress tha urgent need of legislation In
the Interact of the public safety limiting
tha hour of labor for railroad employes In
train service upon railroad engaged In In
terstate commerce, and providing that only
trained and experienced persons bo em
ployed In positions of responsibility con
nected with the operation of trains. Of
course nothing can ever prevent accidents
caused by human weaknes or misconduct;
and there should be drastic punishment for !
any railroad employe, whether officer or
man, who by issuance of wrong orders or
by disobedience of orders cause disaster.
The law of U01. requiring Interstate rail
road to make monthly reports of nil acci
dent to passengers and employe on duty,
ahould also be amended so a to empower
(he government to make a personal Investi
gation, through proper officer, nf all acci
dent involving loss of life which seem to
raOllfr InVeStfffatlntl with a Mmilcmanl
that the results of such Investigation be !
made public. I
The safety appliance law, as amended by
the act of March 2. 1003. has nroved bene.
flclal to railway employe and In order thnt
Its provisions may be properly csrrled out
the force of Inspector provided for by ap
propriation should be largely Increased.
This, aervlc Is analogous to tha eteamboot
Inspection ervlc"Vnd dea' with even
wot Important interests. It ha passed
the experimental stage and demonstrated
It utility, and should receive generous
recognition, bv ,tho congress.
Government Employes aad I'alon.
There is no objection to employes of the
government forming or belonging to unions;
but the government can neither discrimi
nate for nor discriminate against nonunion
men who are In Its employment, or who
aeek to be employed under it. Moreover,
It I a very grave Impropriety for gov
ernment employes to band themselvea to
gether for the purpose of extorting Im
properly high salaries from tha govern
ment. Especially Is this true of those
within the classified service. The letter
carrier, both municipal and rural, are as a
whole an excellent body of public servants.
They should be amply paid. But their
payment must be obtained by arguing
their claims fairly and honorably before
the congress, and not by banding together
lor the defeat of those congreamen who
refuse to give promises which they cannot
In conscience give. The administration has
already taken steps to prevent and punish
abufes of this nature; but It will be wise
(or the congsasa to supplement this aotion
by legislation.
Harea. ( Labor.
Much can be done by the government In
labor iratlers merely by giving publicity to
certain conditions. The Bureau of l,abor
has done excellent work of this kind in
many directions. I shall shortly lay before
you lit a special message the full report
of the Investigation of the Bureau of Labor
Into the Colorado mining strike, as this
la a strike In which certain very evil forces,
whloh are more or less at work every
where under the conditions of modern in
dustrialism, became startllngly prominent.
It la greatly to be wished that the Depart
ment of Commerce and Ibor, through the
labor bureau, should compile and arrange
for the congress a Hat of the labor laws
of the various states, and should be given
the means to Investigate and report to tha
congreaa upon the labor conditions In the
manufacturing and mining regions through
out tha country, both as to wages, as to
hours of labor, aa to the labor of women
and children, and as to the effect In the
various labor centers of immigration from
abroad. In this Investigation esnecial at
tention should be paid to the' conditio!. j
of ohlld labor and child-labor legislation in i
the several states. Such an 'nvestlgatlon
must necessarily take Into account many
of tha problema with which this question
of child labor Is connected. These prob
ivniiS ran be actually met. in moat caaea,
only by the states themselves; but the
lack of proper legislation In one state in
such a matter aa child labor often renders
It excessively difficult to establish proteo
live restriction upon the work In another
state having the same industries, so that
ths worst tends to drag down the better.
For this reason. It would be well for ths
nation at least to endeavor to secure com
prehensive Information as to the conditions
of labor of children In the different states
Such Investigation and publication by the
national government would tend toward. the
securing of approximately uniform legis
lation of the proper character among the
avreral stalsa. t
BAM!! WITH THE CORPORATIONS
Heed fos federal Government to Aet
Directly la Great.
When we come to dVal with great cor
porations the need for the government to
act directly la far greater than In the case
I
fired bbiet become rested
tablet when fed on MeMri
Food. Mellin't Food nour
ishes. fc-by lasee it.
V.UN'I FOOD CO., BOSTON. atAAfc
of labor, because great corporation can
become such only by enraging in inter
state commerce, and interstate commerce
I peculiarly the Held of the general gov.
ernment. It I an 'absurdity to expect to
eliminate the abuse in great corporations
by tate action. It la difficult to be pntient
with an argument that such matters should
be left to the states, because mere than
one state pursue the policy of creating on
easy terms corporations which are never
operated within that state at all, but In
other states whose laws they Ignore. The
national government alone can deal ade
quately with these great corporation. To
try to deal with them In an Intemperate,
destructive, or demagogic spirit would, In
all probability, mean that nothing what
ever would be accomplished, and, with ab
solute certainty, thnt if anything were ac
complished It would be of a harmful
nature. The American people need to con
tinue to show tha very qualities that they
have shown that la. moderation, good
sense, the earnest desire to avoid doing any
damage, and yet the quiet determination
to proceed, step by step, without halt and
without hurry, in eliminating or at least
in minimising whatever of mischief or of
evil there Is to Interstate commerce In ths
conduct of great corporation. They are
acting In no plrlt of hostility to wealth,
either Individual or corporate. They ars
not agnlnst the rich man any more than
against the poor man. On the contrary,
they are friendly alike toward rich man
and toward poor man. provided only that
each act In a spirit of justice and decency
toward hi fellows. Great corporations are
necessary, and only men of great and sin
gular mental power can manage such cor
porations uccefully, and auch men must
have reat rem-ard. But these corpora-
j tlon should be managed with due regard
to tne interest of the public a A whole.
Where this can be done under the present
laws It must be done. Where these law
come short others should be enacted to
supplement them.
More Important Thaa l.awa.
Aet we must never forget the determining
factor In every hind of work, of head or
hand, must be the man's own good sense,
courage and kindliness More important
than any legislation In the gradual growth
of a feeling of responsibility and forbear
ance among capitalists and wage-workers
alike; a feeling of respect on the part of
each man for the rights of others; a feeling
of broad community of Interest, not merelv
of capitalists among themselves, and of
wage-wcrkers among themselves, but of
capitalists and wage-worker In their rela
tion to each other, and of both In their
relation to their fellows who with them
make up the body politic. There are many
captains of Industry, many labor leaders,
wiiu realise mis. a rece:r, speicn Dy
president of one of our great railroad
systems to the employes cf that system
contulna sound common sense. It runs in
pnrt as follows:
It Is my oei.ef we can better serve each
other, better understand the man an well
as his buxlneRk, when meeting face to face
exchanging views, nnd realising from per
sonal contact we aerve but one JnterVst
that of our "mutual prosperity.
Serious misunuersiuuuings cannot occur
where personal iod will exists and oppor
tunity tor personal explanation Is present.
In my early bus.nes life I had experience
with men of affairs of a character to make
me desire to avoid creatine- lib. ti.-
of resentment to myself and the interests
In my charge should fortune ever place
me In authority, and I am solicitous of a
measure of confidence on the Dart of the
public nnd our emnlovea that r shall 1, ......
nitty be warranted by the fairness and gooj
fellowship t Intend shall prevail In our
relationship. ,
But io not feel I am disposed to grant
unreasonable requests, spend the money of
our company unnecessarily or without
vulue received, ncr expect the days of ml,
takes are disappearing, or that cause for
complaint wl.l not continually occur; simply
to correct such abuses as may be expected,
constantly striving, with varying success,
for that Improvement we all desire, to con
vince you there Is a force at work In the
light direction, all the time making prog
ressIs the disposition with which I havo
come among you, asking your good will and
eucouraKenient.
Public Will Controls.
The day hus gone by when a corporation
can be handled successfully In deuance of
the public will, even though that will be
unreasonable and wrong, a public may be
led, but not driven, and 1 preter to go
with II nnd shape or modify, in a measure,
its opinion, ratner than be swept from my
beanngs, witn loss to my sen and tne
interests in my charge.
Violent prejudice exist toward corporate
activity and capital today, much of it
founded in reason, more in apprehension,
and a large measure Is due to the per
sonal traits of arbitrary', unreasonable, in
competent and offensive men In positions
of authority. The accomplishment of re
sults by Indirection, the endeavor to thwart
the intention, if not the expressed letter n(
the law (the will of the people), a disre
gard of the rights of others, a disposition
to withhold what Is due. to force by main
strength or Inactivity a result not Justified,
depending upon the weakness of the claim
ant and his Indisposition to become in
volved In litigation, has created a senti
ment harmful in the extreme and a disposi
tion to consider anything fair that give
gain to the individual at the expense of
the company.
If corporations are to continue to do the
world's work, ss they are best fitted to.
these qualltle In their representatives that
hav resulted In the present preludlee
against them must be relegated to the back-
f round. The corporations must come out
nto the open and see and be seen. They
must take the public Into their confidence
and ask for what they want, and no more,
and he prena'ed to explain satisfactorily
what advantage will accrue to the pub'le If
they wt given their desire; for they are
permitted to exist not that they may make
money solely, hu thnt thev may effectively
serve those from whom they derive their
power.
Publlrltv, and not secrecy, will win here
after, and law he construed by their in
tent sed not bv their letter, otherwise nub
ile utIIIMe will t owned snd operated bv
he public which 'created them, even though
the service be less efficient and the result
'ess satisfactory from a financial stand
point Bureau of Cororl-n,
The Bureau or Corporation has made
careful preliminary investigation of mnuy
Important corporations. It will make a spe
cial report on the beef In3ustry.
The policy of the bureau Is to accom
plish the purpose of Its creation by co
operation not antagonism; by making con
structive legislation.' not destructive prose
cution, the Immediate object of Its In
quiries; by conservative investigation of
law and fart, and by refusal to Issue In
complete snd hence necessarily Inaccurate
reports. It policy being th-a one of open
inquiry Into, and not attack upon, busi
ness, the bureau has been able to gain not.
only the confidence, but. better still, the
co-operation of men engaged In legitimate
business.
Ths bureau offers to the congress the
mean of getting 'at the cost of production
of our various great staples of commerce.
Of necessity the careful Investigation of
special corporatlona will afford the com
missioner knowledge of certain business
facts, the publication of which might be an
Improper Infringement of private right.
The method of muklrg public the results of
these investigations affords, under the law.
a mesn for the protection of private rights.
The ronrrea will have all facts except
such as would give to another corporation
Information which would Injure the legiti
mate business of a competitor and destroy
the Incentive for Individual superiority and
thrift.
The bureau ha also made exhaustive
examinations Into the legal condition under
which corporate business Is csrrled on In
the variou states; Into ell Judlclil decisions
on the subject, and into the various systems
of corpcrate taxation In use. I call special
attention to tha report of the chief of the
bureau, and I earnestly ask that the con
gress carefully consider tha report snd
recommendations of the commissioner on
this subject.
lasoraaee.
The business of insurance vitally affects
the great mass of the p'ople of the I'nlted
States and Is national and not local in Its
application. It Involves a multitude of
transactions among the people of the dif
ferent states and between American com
panies and foreign governments. I urge
that the congress carefully consider
whether the power of the Bureau cf Corpor
ations cannot constitutionally be extended
to rover Interstate transections In Insur
ance. . . . . i
Rebates.
Above sll else' we must strive to keep the
highways of commerce open to all on actual
terms, and to do that It is necessarv a nut
A complete stop to all rebates. Whether
the shipper or the railroad U to blame
makes no difference, the rebate must be
stopped, the abuses of the private car and
private terminal track and sidetrack sys
tems must be stopped, and the legislation
of the nrtv-eiguth congress which declares
it to be unlawful for any person or corpora-
tlon to offer, grant, give, solicit, accept or
receive sny rebate, concession or discrimi
nation In reapet of the transportation
of any property In Interstate or foreign
commerce whereby such property shall by
any device whatever he transported at a
less rate than that named In ths tariffs
published by the carrier must be enforced.
For some time after the enactment of the
act to regulate commerce It remained a
mooted question whether that act con
ferred upon the Interstate Commerce com
mission the power, after It had found a
challenged rate to be unreasonable, to de
clare what thereafter should, prima facie,
be the reasonable maximum rate for the
transportation In dispute. The supreme
court Anally resolved that question In tha
negative, so that as the lew now stsnds
the commission simply possesses the here
power to denounce a particular rate as un
reasonable. While I am of the opinion that
at present It would be undesirable, if It
wen not Impracticable, finally to clothe
tha commission with general authority to
fix railroad rates, I do believe thst, as
fsir security to shipper, the commission
should be vested with the power, where a
given rst has been challenged and after
full hearing found to be unreasonable, to
decide, subject to Judicial review, whst
shall be a reasonable rate to take Its place;
ths ruling of the commission to take effect
Immediately, snd to obtain unless and un
til It is reversed by ths court of review.
The government must in Increasing degree
supervise and regulate ths workings of the
railways engaged In Interststs commerce;
snd such Increased supervision I the only
alternative to an Increase of the present
evils on the one hand er a stilt more rad
ical policy on the other. In my Judgment
the most Important legislative act now
needed a regards the regulation of cor
poration Is this act to confer on the Inter
state Commerce commission the power to
revise rates and regulations, the revised
rate to at once go Into effect, and to stay
in effect unless and until the court of re
view reverses It.
Steamship companies engaged In Intee
Kate commerce snd protected In our coae'-
wbra trade should be held to a strict ob
servance of tho Interstate commerce act.
WASHINGTON AS
MODEL CITY
Responsibility for Its Malotenaoce
Rests oa tho Congress.
In pursuing the set plan to make ths
city of Washington an example to other
American municipalities several point
should bo kept In mind by the legislators.
In the first place, tho people of this coun
try should olearly understand that no
amount of Industrial prosperity, and above
all no leudershlp In International Industrial
competition, can in sny way atone for the
sapping of the vitality of those who are
usually spoken of as tho working classes.
The farmers, ths mechanics, ths skilled and
unskilled laborers, the small shop keepers,
make up the bulk of the population of any
country; and upon their well being, gen
eration after generation, the well being of
the country and the race depends. Rapid
development In wealth and Industrial lead
ership is a good thing, but only If It goes
hand In hand with improvement, and not
deterioration, physical and moral. Tht
overcrowding of cities and the draining of
country districts ars unhealthy and even
dangeroua symptom in our modern life.
We should not permit overcrowding In
cities. In certain European cities It Is pro.
vlded by law that the population of towns
hall not be allowed to exceed a very
limited denalty for a given area, so that
the Increase In density must be continually
pushed back ir.to a broad cone around
the center of the town, this sons having
great avenues or parks within It. The
death rate statistics show a terrible In
crease In mortality, and especially In In
fant mortality. In overcrowded tenements.
The poorest families in tenement houses
live in one room, and it appeals that In
these one-room tenements the . average
death rate for a number of given cities
at home and abroad is sbout twice whit
It Is in a two-room tenement, four time
what It la in a three-room tenement, and
eight times what It la in a tenement con
sisting of four rooms or over. These fig
ures vary somewhat for different cltks,
but they approximate In each city those
given above; and In aH Cases the Increase
of mortallty.-and especially of infant' mor
tality, with tha decrease In tha number
of rooms used by the family and with the
consequent overcrowding Is startling.
Tribate Exacted by the Blum.
The Blum exacts a heavy total of death
from those who dwell therein; and this
Is the case not merely in the great
crowded slums of high buildings in New
York and Chicago, but in the alley slums
of Washington. In Washington people
can not afford to Ignore the harm that
this cauees. No Christian and civilised
community can afford to show a happy-go-lucky
lack of concern for the youth
of today; for. If ao. the community will
have to pay a terrible penalty of finan
cial burden and social degradation In the
tomorrow. There should be severe child
labor and factory Inspection laws. It Is
very desirable that married women should
not work in factories. The prime duty
of the man is to work, to be the bread
winner; the prime duty of the woman
Is to be the mother, the hous.wife. All
questions of tariff and finance s.nk Into
utter Insignificance when compared w.th
the tremendous, the vital Importance of
trylrs? to shape conditions so that (these
two duties of the man and of the woman
can be fulfilled under reasonably favor
able circumstances. If a race does not
have plenty of children, or if the chil
dren do not grow up, or If when they
grow up they are unhealthy In body and
stunted or vicious In mind, then that race
Is a decadent, and no heaping up of
wealth, no splendor of momentary mute
rial prosperity can avail in any degree
as offsets.
The congress has the same power of
legislation for the District of Columbia
which the stste legislatures have for the
varloua atates. The problems Incident to
our highly complex modern industrial civ
ilization, with Its manifold and perplex
ing tendencies both for good and for evil,
are far less sharply accentuated In the
city of Washington than In most other
cities. For this very reason it Is easier
to deal with the various phases of these
problems in Washington, and the District
of Columbia government should be a
model for the othel- municipal govern
ments of the nation, in all auch matters
aa supervision of the housing of the
poor, the crestlon of small parks In the
districts Inhabited by , ths poor, in laws
affecting labor. In laws providing for ths
taking care of the children. In truant
laws, and In providing schools.
Carina; for the Children,
In the vital matter of taking care of
children, much advantage could be gained
by a careful study of what haa been ac
complished In such states as Illinois and
Colorado by the juvenile courts. The work
of the Juvenile court is really a work of
character building. It is now generally
recognised that young boya and young girls
who go wrong should not be treated as
criminals, not even necessarily as needing
reformation, but rather as needing to have
their charaotars formed, and for tills end
to have them tested and developed by a,
system of probation. Much admirable
work has been done in many of our com.
monwealths by earnest men and women
who have made a special study of ths
needs of thoss classes of children which
furnish the greatest number of Juvenile
offenders, and therefor the greatest num
ber of adult offenders; and by their aid,
and by profiting by the experiences of the
different states and cities In these matters.
It would bo easy to provide a good code
for the District of Columbia
Several considerations suggest the need
for a systematic investigation Into snd
Improvement of housing condition in
Washington. The hidden residential si
leys are breeding grounds of vies snd dla.
ease, and should tie opened into minor
streets. For a number of years influential
citliena have Joined with the District com
missioners In the vain endeavor to secure
lai permitting ths condemnation of In
saaltary dwellings. The local death raise,
especially from preventable diseases, are
so unduly high , as to suggest that the
exceptional wholeaomenees of Washing
ton s better sections Is offset by bad con
ditions in her poorer neighborhoods. A
special "Commission on Housing and
Health Conditions in ths National Capi
tal ' would not only bring about the re
formation of existing evils, but would
also formulate an appropriate building
code to protect the city from mammoth
brick tenements and other evils which
threateu to develop here as' they have In
other cities That ths nation's capital
should be made a model for other rau
nlvlpallties Is sn Ideal which appeals to
all patriotic cltlarns everywhere, and such
a special commission might map out and
organise the city future development In
line of rtvlo social service. Just a MJor
1 Enfant and the recent Park Commltljn
planned the arrangement of her streets
and park. ,
CsapsUetr Kdarattea Heeded.
It Is mortifying to remember that Wash
ington h no compulsory school sttendance
law and thst careful Inquiries Indicate the
habitual absence from school of some 20 per
cent of all children between the age of
and H. It must be evident to all who con
sider the problems of neglected child life
or the benefit of compulsory education In
other cities that one of the most urgent
need of the national capital I ft law re
quiring the school attendance of all chil
dren, thle law to be enforced by attend
ance agent directed by the Board of Edu
cation. Public play grounds are necessary mean
for tho development of wholesome cltlien
hlp In modern cltle. It Is Important that
the work Inaugurated here through volun
tary efforts should be taken up and ex
tended through congressional spproprlatlon
of funds sufficient to equip and maintain
numerous convenient small play grounds
upon land which can be secured without
purchase or rental. It la also desirable
that small vacant places be purchased and
reserved as small park play grtanri In
densely settled sections of the clfy which
now have no public open space and are
destined soon to be built up solidly. All
these needs Should be met Immediately
To meet them would entail expenses: hut a
corresponding saving could be made by
stopping the building of streets and level
ling of ground for purpose largely specu
lative In outlying part of the city.
There are certain offenders, whose crimi
nality take the shape of brutality and
cruelty toward the weak, who need a spe
cial type of punishment. The wife beater,
for example, Is Inadequately punished by
Imprisonment; for imprisonment may often
mean nothing to him. while It may cause
hunger and want to the wife nnd children
who have been the victim of his brutality.
Probably some form of corporal punish
ment would be the most adequate way of
meeting this kind of crime.
AGR1CI l.Tt RE
AI
ITS
KKDI
Growth of the Department In
the
pope of Its Function.
The Department of Agriculture has grown
Into an educational Institution with a fac
ulty of 2,000 specialists making research
Into all the science of production. The con
gress appropriates, directly and Indirectly,
$6,000,0uo annually to carry on this work. It
reaches every state and territory In the
union and the islands of the sea lately
come under our flag. Co-operation Is had
with the state experiment stations, and
with many other Institutions and individu
als. The world I carefully nearched for
new varieties of grain, fruit, grasses,
vegetables, trees and shrubs, suitable to
various localities in our country; snd
marked benefit to our producers has re
sulted. The activities of our age in line of re
search have reached the tiller of the soil
and Inspired them with ambition to know
more of the principles that govern the
forces of nature with which they have to
deal. Nearly half of the. people of this
country devote their energies to growing
things from the soli, I ntll a recent date
little hus been done to prepare the mil
lions for their life work. In most line of
human activity college-trained men are the
leader. The farmer bud no opportunity for
special training until congress made pro
vision for it forty years ago. During these
years progress has been made and teachers
have been prepared. Over B.OnO student
are in attendance nt- our state agricultural
college. The federal government expend
tlO.OnOCOO annually toward this education
and for research in Washington and In the
several states and territories. The De
partment of Agriculture has given facili
ties for pot-grnduate work to 5uo young
men during the"lnst seven year, preparing
them for advanced lines. of work in the de
partment rnd !n tr-e s'ate institutions.
The fact concerning meteorology and It
relations to plant and animal lire are be
ing systematically Inquired Into. Tempera
ture and motstm-e src(,fintrolllng factors
in alt agricultural- operations. The seasons
of. the, cyclones of,e .Caribbean sea and
their paths are being forecasted with In
creasing nocuracy. The ,cold. wind that
come from thef r.orth , are anticipated and
their times and Intensity told to farmers,
gardeners and fruiterer In all southern lo
calities. Vsloe and Importance of Crops.
We sell 250.000,000 worth of animals and
animal product to fol-elgn countries every
year, In addition to supplying our own peo
ple more cheaply nnd abundantly than any
other nation I able to provide for it peo
ple. Successful manufacturing depends
primarily on cheap food, which account to
a considerable extent for our growth in this
direction. The Department or Agriculture,
by careful Inspection of meats, guards the
health of our people and gives clean bills
of health to deserving exports; It is pre
pared to deal -promptly with Imported dis
eases of animals, and maintain the excel
lence of our flocks and herds In this re
spect. There should be nn annual census
of the live stock of the nation.
We sell abroad about $6M).000,000 worth of
plants and their products every year.
Strenuous efforts are being made to Im
port from foreign countries such grains
ss are suitable to our varying localities.
Seven years ago we bought three-fourths
of our rice; by helping the rice growers
on the gulf coaat to secure seeds from the
Orient suited to their conditions, and by
giving them adequate protection, they now
supplv home demand and export to the
islands of the Caribbean sea and other rlce
growlng countries. Wheat and other grain
have beon Imported from light-rainfall
countries to our lands In the west and
southwest that have not grown crops be
cauae of light precipitation, resulting in
an extensive addition to our cropping area
and our home-making territory that can
not be Irrigated. Ten million bushels of
first-class macaroni wheat were grown from
these experimental Importations last year.
Fruits suitable to our soli and climate are
being Imported from all the countries of
the old world the fig from Turkey, the
almond from Spain, the date from Algeria,
the mango from India. We are helping
our fruit growers to get their crops into
European markets by studying methods of
preservation through refrigeration, pack
ing, and handling, which have' been quite
successful. We are helping our hop grow
ers by Importing vsrletles that ripen earlier
and later than the kinds they have been
raising, thereby lengthening the harvest
ing season. The cotton crop of the country
la threatened with root rot. tha bollworm,
and the boll weevil. Our pathologists will
find immune varieties that will resist the
root disease, and the bollworm can be dealt
with, but the boll weevil Is a serious
menace to the cotton crop. It I a Cen
tral American Insect that has become ac
climated In Texas and has don great
damage. A scientist ofthe Department of
Agriculture haa found tha weevil at home
In Guatemala being kept In check by an
ant, which has been brought to our cot
ton field for observation. It I hoped that
it may serve a good purpose.
Triumph Over Nature.
The soils of the country are getting
attention from the farmer's standpoint, and
intereatlng results ars following. We have
duplicates of the soils that grow the wrap
per tobacco in Sumatra and the filler to
bacco In Cuba. It will be only a question
of time when the large amount paid to
these countries will be paid to our own
people. The reclamation of alkali lands Is
progressing, to give object lessons to our
people in methods by which worthless lands
may be made productive.
Ths insect and enemies Of the farmer are
getting attention. The enemy of the San
Joae scale was found near the Great Wall
of China, and is now cleaning up all our
orchard. Ths flg-fertllislng Insect Im
ported from Turkey ha helped to establish
an Industry In California that amounts to
from fifty to 100 tons of dried figs annually,
and is extending over the Pacific coast. A
parasitic fly from South Arties is keeping
in subjection the black scale, the worst
pest of the orange snd lemon Industry in
California.
Careful preliminary work Is being done
towsrd producing our own silk. The mul
berry Is being distributed in large numbers,
eggs sre being Imported and distributed.
Improved reels were Imported from Europe
last year and two expert yeelers were
brought to Washington to reel the crop of
cocoons and leach the art to our own peo.
P'
The crop reporting system of the Depart
ment of Agriculture is being brought closer
to sccuraey every year. It has 25i.im) re
porters selected from peopls In Sight voca
tion In life. It ha arrangement with
most European countries for Interchange of
estimate, so thst our people may know a
nearly as posslhle with what they must
compete.
Irrigation.
During the two snd s half yesrs that
have elapsed since) the passage of the recla
mation act rapid proa re ss has been made In
Ih surveys, snd examination of ths op
portunities for reclamation In ths thirteen
states snd three territories of the arid
west. Construction has already been begun
on the largest and most Important of the
irrigation work, and plans sre being com
pleted for works which will utilise the
fund now available. Ths operations are
being csrrled on by ths reclsmstion serv
ice, a corps of engineers selected through
competitive civil service examination. This
corps Include experienced consulting snd
constructing engineers ss well as various
experts In mechanical and legal matter,
snd Is composed largely of men who have
spent most of their lives In practical af
fair connected with Irrigation. The larger
problem have been solved and It now re
main to execute with care, economy an
thoroughness the work which hss been laid
out. All Important details are being care
fully considered by boards of consulting en
glnrers. selected for their thorough know!
edge snd practical experience. Each project
I taken up on the ground by competent
men and viewed from the standpoint of th
creation of prosperous home, and
promptly refunding to the treasury the
cost of construction. The reclamation act
ha been found to be remarkably complete
and effective, and so broad in its pro
vision that a wide range of undertaking
has been possible under It. At the same
time economy Is guaranteed by tho fart
that the fund must ultimately be returned
to be used over again.
Forests.
It 1 the cardinal principle of the forest
reserve policy of this administration that
the reserve are for use. Whatever Inter
feres with the use of their resources 1 to
be avoided by every possible mean. But
these resource must he used in such
way an to make them permanent.
The forent policy of the government I
Just now a subject of vivid public interea
throughout the west and to the people o
the I'nlted State In general. The forest
reserves themselves are of extreme value
to the present as well as to the future wel
fare of all the western public land states.
They powerfully affect the use and dla
posnl cf the public lands. They are o
special Importance because they preserve
the water supply and the supply of timber
for domestic purposes, and so promote net
tlcment under the reclamation act. Indeed,
they are essential to the welfare of every
one of the great Interests of the west.
Forest reserves are created for two prin
cipal purposes. The first is to preserve the
water supply. This 1 their most Impor
tant use. The principal users of the water
thu preserved are Irrigation ranchers and
settlers, cities and towns to whom their
municipal water supplies are of the very
first Importance, users and furnishers of
water power, and the users of water for
domestic, manufacturing, mining and other
purposes. All these are directly dependent
upon the forest reserve.'
The second reason for which forest re
serves are created is to preserve the Um
bel supply for various clasnes of wood
user. Among the more important of these
sre settler under the reclamation act and
other acts, for whom a cheap and ac
cessible supply of timber for domestic use
is absolutely necessarv: mlnera and cro
peciora, who are In serious danger of losing
their timber supply by nre or through ex
port by lumber companies when timber
lands adjacent to their mines puns Into
private ownership; lumbermen, transports
tlon companies, builders and commercial
Interest in general.
Creatine Sew Reservee.
Although the wisdom of creating forest
reset ves Is nearly everywhere heartily
recognized, yet In a few localities there
has been misunderstanding and complaint.
The following statement 1 therefore de
sirable: Th forest-reserve policy can be success
ful only when It has the full support of
tne peopie or me wesi. u cannot saieiy,
and should not In any case, be Imposed
upon them against their will. But neither
can we aocept the views of those whose
only Interest in the, forest Is temporary;
who are anxious to reap what they have
not sown and then move away, leaving
desolation behind them. On the contrary,
it I everywhere and always the Interest
of the permanent settler and the perma
nent business man, the man with a stake
in the oountry, which must be considered
and which must decide.
The making of forest reserves within
railroad and wagon road land grant limits
will hereafter, aa for tne iaat three yeara,
h so manaared as to prevent the issue.
under the act of June 4. 1897, of base for
exchange, or llnu selection (usually called
scrip). In all cases where forest reserves
within areas covered by land grants ap
pear to be essential to the prosperity of
settlers, miners or others, the government
lands within such proposed forest reserves
will, as In the recent past, be withdrawn
from sale or entry pending tne completion
of such negotiations with the owners of
the land grunt as will prevent the crea
tion of o-culled scrip.
It wa formerly the custom to make
forest reserves without first getting defl
nlte Information as to the character of
land and timber within their boundaries.
This method of action often resulted In
badly chosen bounduries and censequent
Injustice to settlers and others. There
fore this administration adopted the pre
ent method of first withdrawing the land
from disposal, followed by careful exam-
inatlon on the ground and the preparation
of detailed maps and descriptions before
any forest reserve is created.
Better Control Demanded.
I have repeatedly called attention to
the confusion which exist In governmen
forest matters because the work Is scat
tered among three Independent organisa
tions. The I'nlted State Is the only one
of the great nations In which the forest
work of the government Is not concen
trated under one department. In conso
nance with ths plalneat dictates of good
administration and common sense. The
present arrangement la bad from every
point of view. Merely to mention it Is
to prove that it should be terminated at
once. Aa 1 have repeattdly recommended,
all the forest work of the government
should be concentrated In the Department
of Agriculture, where the lsrgfr part of
that work Is already done; where prac
tically all of the trained foresters of ths
government sre employed, where chiefly In
Washington there is comprehensive first
hand knowledge of the problems of the
reserves aoquired on the ground, where
all problems relating to growth from the
sol) are already gathered, and where all
the sciences auxiliary to forestry are at
hand for prompt and effective co-operation.
These reason are deci-dve in them
selves, but it should be added that the
great organisations of cltlsens whose In
terests are affected by the forest reserves,
such as the National Live Stock associa
tion, the National Wool Orowera' associa
tion, the American Mining Congress, the
National Irrigation Congress and the Na
tional Board of Trade, have uniformly,
emphutlcally, and moat of them repeat
edly. expressed themselves la favor of
placing all government forest work in the
Department of Agriculture because of the
peculiar adaptation of that department lor
it It is true, also, that the forest ser
vice of nearly all the great nations of
the world are under the respective de-.
partments of agriculture, while In but
two of the smaller nations and In one
colony are they under the Department of
the Interior. This is the result of long
and vsrled experience and It agreea fully
with the requirements of good adminis
tration in our own cusj.
Results thst Are Likely.
Ths creation of a forest servlcs In th
Department of Agriculture will hava for its
important results:
First A better handling ot all forest
work, because it will be '"lra a ng e
head and because the vast and indisputable
experience of the department In all matters
pertaining to the forest reserves, to for
estry in general and to other forms of pro
ductlon from the soil, will be easily and
ruptdly accessible.
Second The reserves themsslves. being
handled from the point of view of the man
In the field. Instead of the man In the
office will be more easily and more widely
useful to the people of the west than haa
been the rase hitherto.
Third Within a comparatively short time
the reserves will become self-supporting.
This Is Important, because continually and
rapidly Increasing appropriation will be
necessarv for the proper cere of this ex
ceedingly Important Interest of the nation,
and they can and ahould be offset by re
turns from the national forests. Under
similar circumstances the forest possessions
of other great nation form an Important
source of revenue to their governments.
Kt-erv administrative officer concerned la
convinced of th necessity for the proposed
consolidation of forest work in the De-
partmenl of Agriculture, and I myself urged I
It more than once n former message.
Again t Pommend It to the earlv and fa
vorable cbn-lderstlori of th congress. Th
Interests of the nation st large snd of th
west in particular have suffered greatly
because of the delay.
Paelle Lands.
I call ths attention of the congTeaa again
to the report and recommendation of the
Commission on the Public lands forwarded
by me to the second session of the present
conrre. The commission hn prosecuted
Its Investigation actively during the pa
eason, and a second report I now In an
advanced stage of preparation.
Game Preserve.
In connection with the work cf the forest
reserves I desire sgaln to urge upon the
congress ths Importance of authorising the
president to set aside certain portions of
these reserves or other public land ss
game refuges for tha preservation of the
bison, the wapiti and other large beasts
once to abundant In our woods and moun
tains and on our great plain, and now
tending toward extinction. Every support
should bs given to the authorities of th
Yellowstone park In their successful effort
at prcervlng the large creature therein;
and at very little expense portion of the
public domain In other region which are
wholly unsulted to agricultural settlement
could be similarly utilised. We owe it to
future generetlons to keep alive th nobl
snd beautiful creatures which by their
presence sdd such distinctive character to
th American wilderness. The limits of the
Tellowtone park should be extended south
wards. The csnyon of the Colorado Mhotild
be made a national park; nnd the national
park system should Include the Tosemlte
and a many a polble of th groves of
giant trees In California.
TOPICS OF GEKERAli IMPORTANCE
Pensions. Indians and Kindred Sub
ject Pertinently Referred To.
The veterans of the civil war have a
claim upon the nation such a no other
body of our citizens poen. The pension
bureau hnn never In Its history been man
aged In a more satisfactory manner than Is
now the case.
The progress of the Indiana toward civili
sation, though not rapid, la perhaps all
that could be hoped for In view of the cir
cumstances. Within the pat year many
tribe have shown. In a degree greater
than ever before, an appreciation of the
necessity of work. This changed attitude
is In part due to the policy recently pur
sued of reducing the amount of subsistence
to the Indians, and thu forting them,
through sheer necessity, to work for a live
lihood. The policy, though severe, I a
useful one, but it I to be exercised only
with Judgment and with a full understand
ing of the conditions which exist In each
community for which It Is Intended. On or
near the Indian reservations there Is
usually very little demand for labor, and if
the Indians are to earn their living and
when work cannot be furnished from out
side (which is always preferable), then it
must be furnished by the government.
Practical Instruction of this kind would In
a few yearn result In the forming of habits
of regular Industry, which would render
the Indian a producer and would effect a
great reduction in the cost of his main
tenance Effect of Agent on Indians.
It Is commonly declared that the slow
advance of the Indians Is due to the un
satisfactory character of the men ap
pointed to take Immediate charge of them,
and to some extent this Is true. While
the Htandsrd of the employes in the In
dian service shows great improvement o' er
that of bygone yearn, and while actual
corruption or flagrant dishonesty Is now
the rare exception. It Is nevertheless the
fact that the salaries paid Indian agents
are not large enough to attract tha best
men to that field of work. To achieve
satisfactory results the officii 1 in charge
of an Indian tribe should posses the high
qualifications which nre required In the
manager of a large business, but only in
exceptional cases I it possible to ecure
men or aucn a type tor these position.
Much better service, however, might be
obtained from those now holding
the
places were it practicable to get out of
thtm the best that In In them, and this
ahould be done by bringing them con
stsntly into closer touch with their su
perior officers. An agent who has been
content to draw his salary, giving In -return
the least possible equivalent In ef
fort and service, may, by proper treat
ment, by suggestion and encouragement,
or persistent urging, be stimulated to
greater effort and Induced to take a more
active personal interest in his work. .
Closer Contact Needed.
Under existing conditions an Indian
agent in the distant west may be wholly
out of touch with the office of the Indian
Bureau. He may very well feel that no
one taken a personal interest in mm or
his efforts. Certain routine duties in the
way of reports and accounts ars required
of him, but there Is no one with whom
he may Intelligently consult on matters
vital to his work, except after long delay.
Such a man would be greatly encouraged
and aided by personal contact with some
one whose interest In Indian affairs and
whose authority in the Indian Bureau
were greater than hi own, and such con
tact would ne certain to arouse and con
stantly Increase the Interest he take In
hi work.
The distance which separate the agent
the workers In the field from the Indian
office In Washington is a chief obstacle
to Indian progress. Whatever shall mo
closely unite these two branches of the
Indian service, and shall enable them to
co-operate more heartily and more ef
fectively, will be for the increased effi
ciency of the work and the betterment
of the race for 'who improvement the
Indian Bureau was established. Th ap
pointment ot a field assistant to the com
missioner of Indian affairs would be cer
tain to Insure this good end. Such n
fficlal, If possessed of the requisite energy
and deep interest in the work, would be
most efficient tactor in onnging into
loser relationship and a more direct unl'n
of effort the bureau in w aahlngton and
It agents In ths field; snd with the co
operations of Its brsnehes thus secured the
Indian Bureau would, in measure luili r
than ever before, lift up the savage
toward that self-help snd self-reliance
hlch constitute the man.
Jamestown Trleentennlal,
In 1907 there will be held at Hampton
Road the trleentennlal celebration of th
settlement at Jamestown, Va., with
which the history of what has
ow become the T.nlted Btatea really be
gins. I commend this to your favorable
consideration. It In an event of prime his
They act directly on the liver. You will need
only one each night for a few nights. Your indi
gestion and biliousness will quickly' disappear.
staos ky the I. O.
Aim sm
.TSB'S sTAIK TIGOB-Fef tse hair.
Ii'k SAfcSAi'aJLll.LA-ref U Slsod.
INDIGESTION
Leads to Chronic Dyspepsia
and Catarrh of the
Stomach.
HOW IS YOUR DIGESTION?
Kodol Dyspepsia Curs Digests What
Tou Est, Bwsetens ths Stomach
and Ensbles ths Dlgsstlvt Or
gans to feed ths Body.
( VraolieU4 Corrtipondtnet.)
Bpencer, Is. Have bsd Dyspepsia for
twenty years. Mjr cane was almost hope
leiS, Kodol Dyspepsia Cure vn reconr
mended snd I used a few bottles of It snd
It Is the only thine thst hss relieved me.
Would not be without it Hsve doctored
with local pnyslclsns snd also s't Chi
cago, and even went to Norway with
hopes of getting some relief, but Kodol
is the only remedy thst hss done me sn
good, and I heartily recommend It.
Geo. A. Thompson.
TaylorsTtlls, N. C It affords tut
pleasure to bear testimony to the most
excellent merit of Kodol Dyspepsia Cure.
I hava used it in my practice with ths
most satisfactory results and recom
mend It as ons of the finest digestants
known to ths profession. Every person
suffering with Dyspepsia or Indigestion
should use it. O. L. Hollar, M. D.
Crooks ton, Minn. I have used Kodol
Dyspepsia Curs for a period of nine
months, using In all four bottles, and I
can say that it has cured ms from Dys
pepsia completely, and I recommend it
highly.
J. O. Sether, Traveling Salesman.
Allenville, Mich. I suffered Heart
burn and Stomach trouble for some time.
My stster-ln-law has had the same trou
ble and was not able toeat for six weeks.
She lived entirely on warm water. After
taking two bottles of Kodol Dyspepsia
Cure she wss entirely cured. She now
eats heartily and is in good health. I
am glad to say that a does of Kodol al
ways gives me instant relief. '
J. D. Erskins.
New Britain, Conn. Kodol Dyspepsia
Cure is giving such universal satisfac
tion and Is so surely becoming the Posi
tive relief and aubsequent cure for this
most distressing ailment,- I feel that I
am always sure to satisfy and gratify
my customers by recommending it to
them.
I write this to show how well the rem
edy is spoken of here.
S. P. Storrs, Druggist, 297 Main St
Kodol Dyspepsia Cure is prepared at
the laboratory of E. C. De Witt t Co.,
Chicago, and it sold by leading druggists
very where. .
toric significance, in which all the people
I of the United State should feel, and ahould
show, great and general Interest
Postal Affairs,
In the Pontomce department the service
has Increased In efficiency, snd. condition
as to revenue and expenditure continue
satisfactory. Tho Increase of revenue dur
ing the year was $9,368,181.10, or A S per cent
the total receipt amounting to tl4S.382,624.34.
The expenditures were tl52,S82,ll.70, an In
crease of about 9 per cent over the previous
year, being thus t.7B,42.M in excess of the
current revenue. Included in these expen
ditures was a total of the rural free-delivery
service, which was an Increase of
$4,902,237.15 over the amount expended for
thla purpose In the preceding fiscal year.
Large aa this expenditure haa been the
beneficent results attained In extending
the free distribution of malls to the resi
dents of rural districts hsve Justified the
wisdom of the outlsy. Statistics brought
down to October 1, 1904, show that on that
date there were 27,138 rural routes estab
lished, serving approximately 12,0"0,0u0 of
people In rural districts remote from post
offices, and that there were pending at
that time 3.8o petitions for the establish
ment of new rural routes. I'nquentlonsbly
some part of the general Increase In re
ceipt Is due to the Increased postal fa
cilities which the rural service has afforded.
The revenues have also been aided greatly
by amendment In the classification of mail
matter, snd the curtailment of abuses of
the necond-clas mailing privilege. The
average Increase In the volume of mail mat
ter for the period beginning with 19ft! and
ending June, 1906 (that portion for 1906 be
ing estimated), la 40.47 per cent, as com
pared with 26.4S per cent for the period Im
mediately preceding, and 16.92 for the four
year period Immediately preceding that.
Consalar Servle.
Our consular system need Improvement.
Salaries should be substituted for fees, and
the proper classification, grading and trans
fer of consular officers should bs provided.
I am not prepared to say that a competi
tive system of examinations for appoint
ment would work well; but by law It should
be provided that consuls should be fa
miliar, according to places for which they
apply, with the French, German or Spanish
languages, and should possess acquaintance
with the resources of tha United States.
National Gallery of Art.
The collection ol object of art contem
plated In lection 6586 of the revised statutes
should, be designated and established aa a
national gallery of art; and the Smith-
(Continued on Page Five.)
What! Another
dizzy spell?
Vertigo" the doctors call
it. You naturally fear it is brain
trouble, nervous prostration,
heart disease.
But your doctor will tell
you it is your liver. A slug
gish liver means a poor circula
tion, a congested brain, a dis
ordered stomach, constipated
bowels.
Ayer's Pills are liver pills.
Are O . twu. Has,
aJataf ef
STIR'S CBIkBT PBCTOBAl-Fet eeefm.
ATSa'g AvUB COaa-Ver aulam as4 ags.
I
!
i
1
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