THE ILLUSTRATED EEE.
May, 1, loot
C 2
Thb Illustrated Beb.
Published Weekly by The Pee PubHshlns;
tJompany, iloo Building, Omaha, Neb.
ItIcb, 5c Per CopyPer Year, l.ift).
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Communications relating to photographs or
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drcssi J, "Editor The Illustrated lino,
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Pen and Picture Pointers
liv inn mm iniio iii iik msiory or
tri I thu Methodist church women will
I III! III!, 111. ..I ,. ... 1
fill 1..-. 1
" ' " "c t . 'ii ill nn Kl'lltl'tl
Conference Which opcllS in Los
Angeles tomorrow. Ceiustderiiitr
mil
thut women constitute a large majority
of the membership of the church, and that
they do a proportionate share of Uh work,
now thut they have been re-cogni.cd in
Its governing body people wonder why it
has len dorded llie.rn ho long. While I his
Victory over prejudice is hut anolhi-r mile
stone In the advancement uf women elur
lng the last half century. It Ik generally
considered one of the most Important as,
oddly enough, society and oven the mate
have been more redely to reeoi;iiy.o and
reward the effort und achievements of
women than the church, the Institution In
Which they have l.een ullowcd to work
longest and hardest.
Of the 74S delegates who will ho seated
In thu general conference-, only twenty-six
aro women and three of these come from
Nebraska. liut Nebraska's part in this
progressive Btep dutes back further than
this, Its first representation by women.
Sixteen yars ago Mrs. Anglo Newman,
of St. I'huI'h church, Elncoln, a sister of
x-ttcnator John M. Thurston, was elected
delegate to the geiier.il conference.
Frances Willard was the only other woman
elected, site going from ICv.wiston, III. Both
women woio denied sou Ik in the meeting,
but (ho iigitutlon that resulted from their
xnluslon did much to overcome prejudice
and pave the way for the final admission
of their sex. The three Nebraska women
to nit in the coming conference represent
two of tiie four Btate conferences. Mrs.
M. J. Monnetto of Omaha is sent from the
North Nebraska conference. Mrs. B. M.
Huberts of IJncoln und Mrs. Mcdora D.
Nlckell of Beatrice represent the Ne
braska cotiferen, while Mrs. Ellen M.
Watson of IJncoln was elected an alter
nate from the Bame body.
Mrs. Monnctte of Omaha, whoso picture
appears on the front page, was elected
an alternate. Mr. Frank E. 8a hi of Swing
being the delegate, but as he Is unable
to attend, sho becomes the delegate In
his stead. Mrs. Monnette has been a mem
ber of the Methodlut church since she
was 8 years of ago. Educated at Mon
netto seminary, now a pjirt of the Ohio
Wesleyan university, she has ever been
an active worker among women In the
church und out of It She Is president of
the Woman's Foreign Missionary society
of the Second district of Nebraska and also
president of the local society at llauscom
rurk Methodist church, of which she Is a
member. Shu Is an ardent club woman
believing thut the broad culture and edu
cation of the club enables a woman to
better work for her church and the worl 1
In geueral. ITevlous to coming to Omuhi
two years ago, she was president of one
of the clubs or Central fit. v. Neb., UIUi
also of the Chautauqua circle there. At
the last meeting of the Nebraska Fedcr
atlon of Women's clubs sho was elected
Vice president of the Second district of tho
federation, which recently held Its most
successful convention In umuhu.
Dollar that Cabby Knew
An old gray bearded, well-to-do farmer
from up the state on a visit to this city
bud a quter opinion of the English lan
guage before he was here an hour. Ar
riving at liroad street station, he ac
costed a cabiiiun and inquired what it
would cost for u trip to League island und
back.
Two plunks," replied the cabby,
"Two what?"
"Plunks bones cases cun't you under
stand r"
I usked you what It would cost for the
trip, and I'm not lure to ho ina.U, u fool
of," replied tho farmer with s.imo heat
"Thut's what I'm trying to tell you.
Two diddles. See?"
"Excuse me, but I don't setim to catch
what you moan."
"Well, haven't I tried to tell you five or
ix times already? Two bucks, two cart
wheels." It was then the up-the-sttte man seemed
to grasp tho meaning of whut the cabby
was trying to toll him. and lie said In
the meekest of voices: "You don't
mean 12 T"
"Yep, that's what I have told you al
ready a half a eVoxen times."
. At that tha farmer climbed aboard and
the cabby mounted the box and drove In
the direction named. Philadelphia Record.
(Copyright, 1904, by Frank O. Carpenter.)
SU1NGT()N, April 2S. 8pe
f I clul Correspondence of The Bee.)
I Tnki off Vfkiir iu arid limit
inside tho band!
If it has a union label pastel
there it was made by union labor. Pull
off yeur shoes, and you may find the
union stamp on them; and If you go over
your clothing, bought In a ready-to-wear
simp, you will, In all probability, llnd tho
union label of the Garment Workers sewed
Inside tho pocket or under the coll lr.
David M. I'arry, the antl-uulon orgriniwr,
was surprised the other day when he was
told that his clothes were union-made,
and he would not believe it until the label
was shown him.
If you are a horseman look well at the
shoes on your steed before you go to tho
blacksmith's, for If they are not union
mado your horse's feet may go bare. I
talked tho other night with a Philadelphia
millionaire who has a Jfi.Mm team, lie was
driving last week on the outskirts of thu
City of Brotherly l,ove. when one ef hi)
horse's dreippcd a shoe. Tho coachman
pleke.l It up, and the team was slowly
walked to tho nearest blacksmith shop
and tho man asked to null on the shoe,
lio looked at the horses and examined
thlr feet, and blankly refused the Job. He
said tln shoos were nonunion, and that
tho horses had been shod by nonunion la
bor, and that he would not touch them for
love nor money. They then walked the
horsos to tho next blacksmith shop, where
they met with similar treatment, and then
to a third, where the smith replaced the
shoe, but only on condition that he be paid
four times the ordinary rate because the
work in the first place had not been done
by union men. The first two men wero told
that If the shoes were not put on the horse
might go lame. One man suld he couldn't
help that, and the other did not care.
I am surprised nt the growth of the
union laleel In all sorts of business. It
makes its appearance on the loaf of bread
that come to me with my breakfast.
There Is a union card In the shop where I
get shaved, and If a littlo baby friend of
mine could read It might see It In the bottle,
from which It sucks Its condensed mt'k.
1 was told tho other day at the Ameri
can Federation of Lbor here thut that
body seuela out Zi.OOO.GOO labels every year,
and that each of these finds a place on a
union-made article. The United Garment
Workers, who make a large part of the
clothing of the country, spend 150,(00 a
year advertising their label and warning
peeiple not to buy goods upon which It Is
not used. There are fifty different labels
Indorsed by the American Federation of
I-abor, and those trades which cannot use
lubels have union cards hung up In their
shops. The salesmen, barkeepers and wait
ers all have cards of their own, and labeis
are used by coopers, hatters, shoemakers,
luundrymcn, leather workers, cigar makers
and every union manufacturer under tha
sun. The first label vtas used by the cigar
makers In 1KH0. the first hatters' labels wero
put out In 1886. the first printers' labea in
1SS7 and the first garment workers' In 1891.
I am not arguing for or against these
labels, but merely stating facts.
There is a question In tho minds of many
as to whether the union label Ix not a kind
of boycott, and some believe both tho label
and the boycott an outrage upon the public
In a recent talk with John Mitchell I asked
him what he thought about it. Said ho:
"The union label Is perfectly legitimate,
and it Is one of the chief, weapons of or
ganised labor In Its warfare against tha
unjust employer. It was started by the
Cullfornlu cigar makers to protect their
work against Chinese cheap labor, and It
has now spread to every branch of the
cigar trade. The cigar makers' union put
Its labels on 22.000,000 boxes of cigars last
year. Tho label shows that those cigars
wero made by union men who worked for
union wages under sanitary conditions.
"Tho union label Is now used by all foiLs
cf Industries," Mr. Mitchell continued.
"Tho hatters' union alone butucu some
thing like a million labels every month,
and every one goes Into a unton-tnad. hat.
The merchant tailors have n unlem Ubel
and so have the bricklayers. The number
of men who will use nothing but union
goods Is constantly Increasing, und It now
embraces many millions outride those who
belong to labor organlxatlons."
"Hut." said I, "do you think the trade
unions have the right to boycott whom
they please?"
"Of ceurse they have," replied John
Mitchell. "The boycott is not e-onflned to
organlxed labor. It is usee! by every class
of so.-lety. by churches, und by ull sorts
of organizations as well in trades unions.
Manufacturers are often boycotted by
olher manufacturers and by Jobbers and
retullers. The retailers are often boy
cotted by the manufacturers. Certain
firms are boycotted hy hunks nnd certain
banks are boycotted by the general pub.
11a In the business weirld men of all
kinds boycott for certain reasons, und why
should not the trades unions do the same?
There is no doubt about the legal right'
to boycott. No one ran rompel John
Smith to buy goods of John Brown. No
a can compel blm to travel In the same
The Union Label
car, sit In the same church or eat at the
samo table. I think, however, that tha
boycott should be open and above board,
and that tho man to bo boycotted should
have the right to be heard before the boy
cott Is enforced. I don't believe that tho
boyeott should be Intemperate eir unjust.
I don't think, for Instance, that It is right
to dismiss a se'hool teacher because her
father worked elurlng a strike nor to al
low the children of union workmen in
Kchool to Isiycott the children of a non
union workman. It would bo unjustifiable)
to refuse the last services to a dying man,
whatever his past record 1ms been, and
I would disapprove of any boycott which
should in any way disturb tho burial of
such a man."
Speaking ;ibnit Hi" hatters' label, I had
nn Interesting talk In New York tho
other day with John Phillips, the secre
tary of the United Hatters of North
America, who number 1o,wo, an army ns
large as that which Xennj.hon led on his
march to the sea. Mr. Phillips has bee n
secretary eif the Hatters' Union for many
years, and lie knows all nbeiut hats and
the men who make them. Referring to tho
union label, he said:
"We give our labels to tho union sheipn
and they are put Inside of every union
mnde hat. Many men will not buy a hit
withemt It has our luhel, and we find thut
the label greatly helps the union. As It
Is now nearly tho whole trade belongs to
tho union and some of the factories keep
the closed shop."
"In the first place, Mr. Phillips, tell me
something about the men engaged in your
trade. Who are they and what kind of
hats do they make?"
"They are mostly Americans," replied thn
secretary of the hatters, "ulthough there
are some foreigners. There are two hatter.-'
unions, one has to do with silk hat or
plugs and the other with soft hats and
derbys. Theao different classes of hats arc
generally made In different factories and
each sort has its own union."
"Where are the chief hatmaking cen
ters?" I asked.
"They are In the east," replied Mr. Phil
Hps. "There are more In New York and
Brooklyn than anywhere else, but you find
hat fuctories also In Newark and Orange,
N. J., und In Philadelphia, Boston and In
ajid about Danbury, Conn. Danbury lives
oft the hatmakors. There was a lockout
there sonic years ago nnd the retail mer
chants had to carry the men on their books
or stop business. All their trade came
from the hatters."
"How about tho west, are there no hats
made there?"
"Not many," was the reply. "There ore
a few factories In Chicago and St. Ixiuis,
and quite a large one at Wabash, Ind. The
Wahabh fucteiry was ptarted by a Jew liv
ery Htablcke-eer. He makes his hats out
of the fur of Belgian hares and has a hare
farm ussoclateel with it to supply the fur.
All the best of tho soft hats and derbys
are made out of fur or down of rabbits,
hares or conies."
"Does your union do good?" I asked.
"Yes, It does," replied Mr. Phillips. "We
have not had a strike for years, and we
have raised our wages nnd shortened the
hours. When there is any trouble the em
ployers come to us. We talk the matter
over together and try to avoid a strike by
making mutual concessions."
"What advantage Is the union to its
members?" I asked.
"It is of treat advantage," replied Mr.
Phillips. "Suppose I am a workmun In a
union shop, and a union man comes thexd
and wants a Job. When the man come In
be does not apply to the employer or tho
boss, but comes up to one of the men, me,
for Instance, and lays down his union curd,
saying: 'How la shop?'
"Even If we have not much work I will
reply: 'Oh, Just fair. lo you want to take
a turn?'
" 'I would not mind,' he says.
"And thereupon I take his card to the
boss und te-ll him there is a union man
here who would like a turn, that Is, some
thing to do. If there U any worli the bota
gives him a trial, und If he U u good mau
ho kee ps him."
"How about apprentices?"
"We allow one to every ten men. The
apprentice works for the first two or three
months for nothing, his earnings going to
tho hatter who breaks him iu. After that
the apprentice receives the regular pile
for piece work, excel. t that 10 per cent is de
ducted for the employer on account f his
being a green hand. A plai'e as an ap
prentice is in as much demand among us
as a cadotshlp at Annapolis or West Point
Is among the general public. We want our
own sous or friends to have the places,
and they never go begging."
"You say thut most of tho hatters use
union men. Mr. Phillips. 1 happen to know
that the Stetsons do not. and I have a
Dunlsp hat here which bears no union
label."
"You are right about the Stetsons," was
the reply. "John Stetson won't have a
Union man la his factory. I went over his
establishment once. I met the old man,
and when I told him I was secretary of
the Hatters' union he tuck me over tb
factory himself, showing; me everything:
During tho walk I said:
" 'I understand, Mr. Stetson, that you
have determined to never employ a union
man as long as you live?'
" 'That Is true,' was tho reply.
" 'But how about when you die?"
" 'Oil, I will provide for that, too,' suld
tho old moo.
"After we had finished," Mr. Phillips con
tinued, "we went back to the office, where
I smelt somo delicious fried oysters be
ing cooked for the officers' luncheon. Mr.
Stetson asked mc to come in and eat, and
in reply my stomach cried out yes, but
my reason said no, and I refused."
"Why did you refuse?" I aske-d.
"Why! If you knew our men in the union
you would know why. If I had lunched
with Stetson I could never have explain?
It In the world. They would have thought
I had been bought oft by the chief nou
unlonlst of the trade."
"But how about the Duniaps?" I asked.
"The Duniaps employ union labor," re
plied Mr. Phillips, "but they won't use tha
union label. We never have any trouble
with them, for the'y ure especially good to
their men. They mix with the men and
are hall fellows with them. I remember
c-nce eilel Mr. ininlap, now dead, culled me
Into his oflice and said:
" 'John, I want to give you a check for
$l,(Hl for tho union. Wo have had h pros
perous year, und I want to show the men
that I appreciate them. You can put It in
the death fund out f which you pay $300
every time a man die's."
" 'We can't take it,' " I replied.
"'Why not?' asked Mr. Dunl.ip.
" 'For several reasons,' said I. "First, If
some e.f the men knew thut we had that
thousand dollars In the treasury they
would not pay their dues, olid, anyway,
three deaths would about take It away, nnd
wo would be just where we are now.
Again, if we had any trouble with other
factories und not here, tho employe's of thu
other places would say that you had
bought us for $1,W0, and we would also feel
under obligations to you, fo you see we
can't take It.' "
A labor lender of quite a diffe'rent type
from Mr. Phillips is James Daly, the
head of the Dock Builders' union of New
York city. He Is as rough as Phillips Is
smooth, and makes no bones of saying Just
how ho gains his ends for Ids men. I had,
a chat with him tho other day. Ho said:
"I represent the men who build the
docks of New York. We have J.0M) of
them in our uniem and wo do practically all
tho building along tho twenty-five miles of
dock frontage In New York and Brooklyn,
We drive down piles and fortify them with
stone, eand and cement, and we also put
down tho caissons or foundations for the
big sky Bcrapers."
"Does your, union control tho trade?" I
asked.
"Of course, we do," was the reply. "No
mon can work on the dot-ks without he
has a card from the union. Wo won't have
nonunion men, und if they are put un
we strike."
"What are your wages and hours of
work?"
"Tho lowest wages is $3 per day of elsht
hours. We have becen steadily raising
wages since we organized and the million
aires have come to rcspwt us."
"What elo you meun by 'the million
aires?' "
"I mean our employers, the big con
tractors. Oh, they are rare birds. When
I was first elected secretary of the union
they taJked nice to mo. They called me
Mr. Daly, and said that they hoped we
would have no trouble and that they would
make it worth my while not to have any. I
told them that I must bo for the union and
that I could not be anything but honest
for the men would soon find out. Said I:
'I will do what I can feir you, but I am for
my men all the time.' "
"How do you go about raising wages?"
I asked.
"That's an easy Job." replied Secretary
Daly, "but you want to know how to do
It. Tho way we do is to say that we will
demand bigger wages six months from now.
Suppose It is January, wo notify the cap
italists that we must have more money
after June 1. They think the matter over
and conclude to stop It. They fix it so
thut they will have but little work o hand
June 1, and arrange their contracts so
that it would not hurt them If we struck.
We know all alioqt the4r contracts as well
as they do and when the time comes we
say nothing about wages. We Just lay low
and wait until there is a big Job on hand
worth several hundred thousund dollars
to tho contractors then we come up with
our old demand for extra wages or no
work."
"But don't the contractors object?"
"They squel, of course, but I tell them
we uotltied them in January and they
thought they could fool us. They now see
that we have the upper hand and they
come down. Oh, It is dead easy if you,
know how to work It."
There Is no doubt but that many of the
demands of organized labor are extrava
gant. They may not dome from the unions
(Continued on rage Sixteen.)