TIIE OMAHA DAILY DEC! SUNDAY. JANUARY 17. 1904.
15
IS THE SIX nOT OR COLD?
Qrert ci taad by a TtcUnie ltd ITer;
ical Arf Bect ig a Ksgixcs,
BASIS OF A Ulf-EVIDtKT TRUTH
X Ktim far Dosfetlsa tfce Hlfth
Tea -ra tare at Oli ftL, Esesallr
la 9mwmmT Ti. Hrt cm
a HaStst!.
m. W. Woo fl. F. L P. profptaor of
lariroentsj rj-sip t John Hopkins
utilversltr. rritcs to Harpy's Weekly as
follows:
Tht the earth rceivrs tieat from tba
lun must una to tiro out everyone a self
evident truth. A certain Mr. Warder, liow
evar. fln"a It most armiihatlrallr In a re
rrnt snaa-axtns article. The fantastic and
wholly illogicaJ triumniU which the. au
thor jnekna um of are hardly deserving
rrrn of aflvera criticism, and It la doubtful
if be la taken seriously by any nave the
feetilr-tnlnded. 1 have lwn ssksd by th
eflHor f Hsriwr's TVefkly to prepare a
hort article set tins forth some of the ar-a-umrnta
fnf and against the rmirslon of
heat by the run.
Bo far a 1 kr.ow, no reasrms at all for
iouMlna- the Meh temperature of the cert
tral hoflj- of the eolar system hare ever
ten found. There are In sen""al three
aiotinct waye In which heat can be trans
ferred from one body to another conduc
tion, convection and radiation. The flrt-t
two era dependent upon the presence f
matter, the latter will take placa across a
perfect vacuum. TTn may receive heat
front a Btove by all three method. If we
place our hand tipon It we receive heat
by conduction: If we hold them above It
they are warmed by convection, the heat
belna brought to them by the riain current
of hot air. If now we stand In front of the
etovr we still feel Its warmth, the sensation
In tbla rase being; produced by the heat
waves which It cmlta. These waves are
almllar to the electric wares used In wlre
lees telegraphy, fllfrerlna; from them only In
their length. They bear the same relation
to them which the ripples on a mill pond
bear to the Atlantic rollers. "With the In
struments st our disposal at tha present
time we can measure the lena-th of these
wavea, as accurately as we can measure the
length of a table with a foot rule, and we
can prove that they will pass through a
vacuum, a plate of srlaas or a tank full -of
liquid air. without losing their ablHty to
warm our hands. We find, however, that if
we pass thla radiant beat through certain
substances, water vapor, for example. Its
intensity Is diminished, owing to the fact
that some of tha waves have been ab
sorbed. It la poawrble to determine the ex
act lenrth of the waves of heat which have
been removed by absorption In the vapor,
and if we test the radiation which comes
to ns from the sun, we find that waves of
this same length are absent, tha water
vapor In the earth'a atmosphere having
refused to transmit them. Thla fact, taken
alone. Is pretty rood evidence that the sun
and the hot etnva are pouring eat the same
kind of energy.
Beat Atoaaa.
Mr. Warder tells ns that best cannot
poselbly penetrate the cold of space, and
that It Is Impossible to force an atom of
heat from the sun to the earth. It would
- he In t ereattr to bear the definition of a
heat atom. The philosophers of the seven
teenth century believed heat to he a sub
stance, rut their material theory was dis
proved more than a century and a Quarter
aro. Mr. Warder appears to have raked It
out of ttie refuse heap of sdenoe. '
Experiments In the laboratory have shown
that when a body Is heated it emits heat
, wavea the lengths of which are g-overned
by a certain law. As the temperature is
increased, w get shorter and shorter
waves, until finally the very short ones
which we can tight begin to appear, and
we say the body is redhot. Measurements
with the spectrometer and bolometer ahow
Just what proportion the wavea of a cer
tain length bear to the total radiation at
enY Definite temperature, and It Is there
fore possible to determine the temperature
of a body merely by examining the radia
tion which It emits. Now it is found that
tha proportion of .long ta short waves in
the radiation which comes from the sun
is precisely what we should expect from
a body heated te a temperature consider
ably above that of the electrte furnace.
The same law which governs the emission
of heat by bodies heated ta a high tem
perature In the laboratory groverns the
heat emlttid by the sun, and by studying
the proportion In which the waves of flit
. ferent lengths ere present in Its radiation
it has been poeslbie to make a fair esti
mate of its temperature, which is pcobsUr
not far from .000 degree.
Exatnlalas; the f as fa.
Let ua now examine some of Mr. Warder's
alleged 'prisofs that the sun la a eool body,
sending no heat to the earth.
"Heat is not from the sun," says the
author, "as is proven by the flight of
meteorites, for when the meteors strike our
atmosphere they have an opposite polarity
to tha earth, and they create friction and
generate heat" Pleregardicg the prepos
terous and meaningless statement regard
ing polarity, which extst only in the Imagi
nation of the author, what possible oonneo
tloa la there between the heating of a
meteoric stone and tb emlaaion of radiant
beat by the sun? It would be as logical t
argraa that a stove radiates ua heat ha to a
room because pounding a penny with a
hammer nukes it hot.
Mr. Warder next informs us that the
Sue s photosphere and the earth's auroras
are of similar nature, a statement which
Is so absolutely IkJne that one oannot but
feei that he has made use of the word
photosphere without knowing to what part
of the sun It la applied. In another place
be oootend that the nebulae are cold, and
ahlne by reflected light, refraining, however,
from givli.g us tils reason for contradict
ing the evidence which the spectroscope
furnishes us that they consist of masses
At incandescent gaa. Ilia hobby appears
to be to make the entire universe cool and
in haWtable-every thing shining by reflected
light but b does not tell us where the
light comes from by which they shine.
Heat he Imagines t be the result f a
transfurmation of electiio wsves (oomhur
orlginally from a cool body"), in the atmoe
!bere of our earth. Planetary bodies
wtil ok are devoid of aa atmosihere cannot
then be healed by tha sun. for be aaakes
the posers statement that beat cannot
erln whrre there ta no atmoej.here. In
ri'lte of thla ultimatum the millions of car
bon Clements in our electric lamj con
tinue to give out both light and heat,
The law of gravitation is r-ert demolished
by the anitdJuus author, a ho refers ail
planetary motion to electricity, thereby
pliwlng himself In the same class with the
peripatetic quack doctor, who loudly ehouta
' Electricity 1 life," believing that he has
explained It all. .
"There Is an unanswerable fart." we are
told, "that proves the sun's corona is cold,
like our eurorae. and that Is the unques
tioned fact that comet have passed
through without beinsT affected in the
slightest. These comets were excessively
cold, and the corona must have teec cold,
or there would hsve been a disastrous ex
plosion.' Tempera tare ef Caaaeta.
Assuming the comet to be cold, which 1
ty no means certain, a hat evidence can
Mr. Warder cite which proves that the
comet was not heated to a high tempera
ture during Its passage around the sun?
The substance compOHtng the comet could
be heated to a temperature of a thousand
or two degrees without experiencing any
change that could be detected VHh the
telescope when the comet agntn came Into
view. It Is possible to calcvlate the ap
proximate temperature of bo-iles heated by
solar radiation at different instances from
the sun. and the statement that the comet
would explode I absurd, unless Mr. Wsr
der's emmets are made ef gunpowder, a no
tion which is quite as reasonable as some
of his Ideaa.
Me makes no reference t- the Indisputable
testimony of the spectros-i;'e, which proves
that the sun is surrounded by a dense
atmosphere of metallic vapor which ran
only exist at an exceedingly high tempera
ture. The presence of iron vapor In the
sun's atmosphere Is as definitely proven
as the presenoe of salt in the ocean.
The electric wavea which we are' told
come from the sun, are described as being
exactly similar to the waves used in wire
less telegraphy. As soon as they strike our
atmosphere they are transformed into heat
in some remarkable way the precise me
chanism of the transformation being left
to our Imagination. We are not told, how
ever, why the same thing does not happen
t tha precisely similar waves used In
telegraphing, which, sccordlng to Mr. War
der's theory, ought to be detected at the
distant receiving station with a theroroome
ter Instead of a eahercr. It is quite true
that the heat waves from the sun are simi
lar to the electric wavea, as I have al
ready said, but we can measure their
length, and we know that waves of such
shortness and intensity aa those coming
from the sun can only come from 'a solid
or liquid body heated to a temperature far
hotter than the electrte arc Heat waves
are about l-Z5nnoth of an Inch In length,
while the electrte waves which we employ
in signaling may be hundreds of feet long.
Mr. Warder's writings ably illustrate the
old saying that "It la better not to know
anything at all than ts know so many
things that are pot so."
BOCK I1LAXD ITITEM.
TTatrtr-Cve-Da' Tear of Mexle.
A personally conducted ST-flay tour of Old
Mexico in a private oar is now being; ar
ranged by the Rock Island system.
Car will leave Dee Moines Tuesday, Feb
ruary 1& but you can ntn tt at Kansas
City next morning if that is mora con
venient. The Itinerary Includes Fort Worth, Ban
Antonio, Monterey, Tampico, Ban Luis Po
tosl. Aguaa Call en tea, a week in Mexico
Oty, side trips to Cordova. Banta Ana.
Pueblo and Cuernavaca. On tha homeward
trip stops will be snade at Guadalajara,
Bscateoas and Chihuahua,
Total expense. C50 from -Des Moines, S2W
from Dubuque, (265 from Chicago, Bt. Paul
or Minneapolla; S2S6 from Omaha, CMS from
Bt. Iouls or Kansas City. This rovers
transportation. Bleeping ear berth, meala,
hotel in Mexico City, transfers, carriages,
guides and interpreters.
No pleaaanter mid-winter holiday trip
could be planned. Details at this offloe.
F. P. RUTHERFORD,
U3 Farnam Bt-, Omaha, Neb.
RXXJGIOrS.
ETtniNCS OF LIFE BB0C0T1
Otpiul of Colombia EsmarkaUe for Its
Locatos and Otltr Ring?
PtFCHED IN THE HEART OF THE AKDES
BaUagfctlac m Hlahly Pe-patae Wm.
alas, aa d Bcaaetlaaee Takes Oa sua
Extraeraiary Pore Cataur
elerlatles af the City.
Bt Joseph's church, a $50,000 edifice pre
sented to the Italian colony of New Roch
elle, N. T by Adrian laelln. was conse
crated on Sunday by Archbishop Farley.
The papal delerate to the United Stale.
Archbiabop Faiconio of Washington, wi.l
t the guest of Rt. Rev. BlBhop P. A. Lud
den In Syracuse on the occasion of the ded
ication of the new Cathedral of the Immac
ulate Conception, which will occur in mid-
LAiUt.
Tha lOCth anniversary of the death tt
Immanuel Kant la to te celebrated in Ko-nia-sberg,
Germany, his natlv town, on
February It. A b run as tablet will be placed
on the "Dantclger Keller," situated near
the house in which Kant lived.
Ths prudential committee of the Amer
ican board finds that the estimates rerw-ivori
from the missious for the year lif cell
ior J140.W10 more than -etje appropriation
for 1MB, but the committee is encouraged
to hope that a generous response will be
made by the churches to thla statement.
Rev. J. J. Kuendig. paetor of Bt. John's
German Lutheran church of Reading pa.,
has insisted upon a reduction of C'uu In his
salary, the money to be added to the salary
of his assistant. Rev. Philip 3. Klrrhner,
who will now receive fl.OUu. Rev. Mr. Kuen
dig la the oldest pastor in point of service
in Reading.
Rev. Charles E. Locke, for Ave years paa
tor of the Delaware Avenue Methodist
church of Buffalo, has accepted a call to
the pastorate of the Hanson Place Meth
odist church of Brooklyn, the largest con-
firBuuon in ine oeuomination in the
nned States. Iir. Locke preached Presi
dent Mckinley's funeral sermon at ths
burial at Canton.
It Is now claimed that Archbishop Qulg
ley of Chicago has I.omi.mm) Roman Catholic
communicants under his care. Ha is as
sisted en this work bv two bishops and all
priests. There are Ki houses of worship,
there being 1S.7 In the city of Chicago alone.
In the parochial schools, orphan asviuma.
industrial schools. acndml- and colleree
there are 83.38 children. The archdiooeee
covers aa area of Ui,S7t square miles.
"My life ha been etrangefy ruled by the
number ." Pius X Is quoted as Baying pre
vious lo being chosen pope. "Nina years I
was a school boy at kje; time years a
student at Padua; nine vmi a curate at
Tombolo; nine years a priest at Balsanl;
nine years a canon at Trevlao; ntne years
a bishop at Mantua; now Tor nine vears I
have tem cardinal-patriarch at Venice. If
I become pope as long aa God wllir; per
haps another nine years."
Rev. Eliah W. Coofc. ths last but two of
the survivors of the famous class of 1K37 at
Tale coUere. died on Bunday night at hla
home. 170 Putnam avenue. Brooklvn, after
a protracted Illness, in his eicbty-eirhth
vear. Aanoar hie fel'.ow graduates from
Tale were: William M. Evarte. Samuel J
Tlliien. Edward lierrepoBt and Chief Jus
tice Morrison R. Waits. The two surviv
or of t he ciass are Thomas Mills Iav of
Hartford. Coxuu. and ilarvey Hvoa of Cin-
cinnati.
TJ(!DDdd(B0d
Every woman coTeta
hapely, pretty figure, and
many of them deplore the
Iom of heir eirliah form
after marriage. The bearing
of children ia ofteh destructive
to the mother' ehapelines.
All r,f v;. j. . : j.
however, by the cae of Mother's Friend before baby comes, a this
great liniment always prepare the body for the attain upon it. and'
preserve the s vmmetry of her f orm. Mother Friend overcomes all the
dariger of. child-birth, and carries the expectant mother safely through
this critical period without pain. It is woman's greatest blessing.
Thousands gratefully tell f the benefit and relief tierired from tha
sn ui uui woauuial
remedy. Sold by all
oruggista at fl.oo per
bottle. Our little
book, telline all about
.this liniment, will be
A Jormer resident of Bogota, capital of
Colombia, relates In the New Tork Tribune
some of the notable characteristics of ths
city. The most remarkable thing about
the town, ho says. Is Its location. Away
off in the heart of the Andes, nearly S.OOt
feet above the sea, at the end of a routs
comprising t( miles of the treacherous
Magdalena river and 100 miles of wild
mountain mule trail, almost rut off from
the rest of civilisation, who would expect
to find a city of 12,0"0 inhabitants many
of "them dressed In the latest European
fashions, with fins streets, bouses, park,
public buildings, carriage, tramways and
electricity in a word, a modern city? The
transition from a ruds mountain Inn,
where a traveler has been forced ta lunch,
to the Bogota Teatro Colon on the night
of an opera, where he may spend that
evening, ia Urtle short of startling.
Bogota is on a smooth tableland, about
thirty by sixty miles in extent. This mesa.
Is only ISO miles from the Padfte, but the
groat ridges of the Andes lie between, and
the entire Journey must be made la the
saddle alotg primitive mule trails. Ths
plain contain a number of towns besides
the capital, the principal of which are Fao
atatlva and Zlpaqulra, with railroads to
each. At the latter town la a large salt
mine which supplies most of ths country,
with this article, while near by axs the
famous emerald mines owned by ths gov
ernment, but leased to a French company
which supply the fin eat specimens of this
stone to be found In foreign markets. The
plain also abounds In iron and eoaL and
the development of La Pradera Iron "Work,
near the city, la, on account of the diffi
culty of importing heavy merchandise, such
as railroad materials, a matter of great
Importance to the progress of ths country.
Tha Ceaatry AraaasTu
Ths ground is fertile and is laid out in
haciendas, or farms, where are (Town
wheat, barley and the other products Of
the temperate sod a; while on market days
men, women and pack animals coma up
from ths adjoining valley, laden with the
produce of the tropica. Market day at Bo
gota, with its picturesque booths and het
erogeneous throng, la, indeed, an interest
ing Institution. A fine steel structure to
accommodate the multitude of buyers and
sellers is among the projected improve
ments delayed by the recent costly civil
war. This part of tha country is very
healthful, being free from the fevers of
tha valleys, though en account ef bad
sanitary conditions there is considerable
typhoid In Bogota.
. Ths temperature is about ths same all
the year around. "Wlnter" is tha rainy
season and "summer' tha dry; there are
two of each, and two crops can therefore
generally be raised in each year. Kumar
ous herds of cattle, horses and sheep find
good pasturage on the plain, and hides
are among ths principal exports. Ths
streams, as is natural at such a high alti
tude, are small but the Rio San Francisco,
after fl owing through tha city, Joins with
the Bogota, and they together form a liver
of considerable size, indeed a torrent in
ths rainy season. This river rushes ever
ths slds of the plain and drops 700 feat
Into sn adjoining valley. This is ths mag
nificent cascade of Tequedama, one of tha
greatest and most ' beautiful falls in tha
world. Tha Benores Bam per, whs are
among the most prominent and enterpris
ing of Colombian business men. have In
stalled a plant in the rapids above these
falls, to supply tha city with elsctrte power
and when the country resumes its normal
condition w may expect to bear of a com
plete electrte light and trolley system In
the Colombian capital. The streams on the
other side of tha rldga back of the city
make their way by various tributaries to
the Orinoco and the Amason.
Meaatala Peaks AVeaaC
Bogota is picturesquely situated at ths
aide of the plain in tha shadow of Guada
lupe and Monserrate, peaks rising 11.000
feet above the sea and so steep that It
seems a stone could be thrown from either
summit Into the Plasa Bolivar. There are
curious old churches on these heights, and
tha story runs that ia the rood old time
ths priests of the city required penitents
to carry a stone up on of these mountains
tor each sin. When there wars enough sins
the churches wars finished.
The city has a population which varies
from m000 to 150,000, the shifting popula
tion being composed mainly of farmers,
hunters and traders, who at certain periods
bring their products to the capital, which
is ths great distributing; canter of that
part of the country. '
The general appearance of tha city Is
'picturesque and quaint to northern eyes,
though some of tha principal streets, such
as ths Calls Real, with their fins store,
tramways and bustling throngs, have a
metropolitan aspect. Ths bouses are gener
ally built of whitened sun dried brick, with
tiled roofs. 'While ths first impression of
ths town Is that it is neat and trim, yet
It must be admitted thst useful hints could
be given ta the street cleaning departments
of ail Spanish-American cities. There aro
three delightful little parks in town, and
those of us to whom mu!e in ths park"
is an important Sunday institution would
not have to forego this pleasure in Bogota,
All Bogotans are fond of music, and these
eonoerts by a rood military band form a
rendervoua for people of all classes. An
other weekly or bi-weekly point of aaaem
biare, particularly for the foreign colony,
is ths port office on ths arrival of tha for
eign man. Ths way the poor news-starved
Americans devour ths Kew Terk papers
is pitiful.
Pablle Ballalage.
Tha cathedral. Capitol and pubUe build
ing are all in the central Plasa Bolivar,
which contains a fins status of "ths father
of five countries." There are a number of
rood native and foreign hotels and res
taurants ia town, and the Italian restau
rant near the opera is a pure Joy so the
travelers, who have been unable to taks
tiling as they cams at tha wayside inna
There are many churches throughout tbs
city, all Catholic with tbs exception of
one American Protestant church, presided
over py an American pastor. The city, in
deed, in common with most Bpanisb-Amer-
loan towns, is a stronrboid of Catholicism.
and tha priest are both preachers and
'teachers. While there is no obvious union
between church and stats there is freedom
of religious worship, yet church and stats
are much mors closely allied than with
us. The president and high officials often
march In the great religious procession
most interesting functions, which are
viewed by the populao with reverence and
veneration.
It is well for foreigner to follow the cus
tom of removing tha hat when one of these
processions is passing, whether they be
lieve in the creed or not The writer once
observed a foreign dignitary curiously
viewing one of these spectacles from tha
curb,' with hi high hat firmly planted nn
his aristocratic bead. Ths instant tha pre-
eeseioa Jied passed tb hat was sawn soot
firmly planted, but ths keaa a as atot aa
muck ia evidence. A eutrag-ed. CalMUblaa
bad very properly Jammed tba hat well
down over the ears. !
The proportion of Spanish blood ia greater
In Borota than in ether portion of the
country, though the -Indians and mlxej
breeds still largcTy predomlnste. The lcwer
class dress in the hstrv costume, the dis
tinctive features of which sre the large
cap, Ui Panama hat and the sandals. The
people of the upper class usually dress as
do New Tork era, high hats and dress su'ts
being in particular favor: sod. like some
American women, mar.y of the fair Bogo
tans Import their gowns from Paris.
French is commonly spoken among the ed
ucated people, and English to a large ex
tent Indeed, many of the wealthy resi
dents send their sons to the colleges of this
country and England. This is mors to
show them the outside world than because
the educational facilities of Bogota are In
adequate It is superior to most South
American cities in this respect, having a
university, several colleges, a school of
music, end various schools of the arts and
trades. In addition to the public schools.
Attendance at ths public schools is free,
but not compulsory. The astronomical ob
servatory is one of the highest and finest
In Bouth America. Those residents who
can afford ths luxury hsve villa in the hot
country. It seems odd to a New Torker
to go away In the ummr to get warm.
Ths most popular and convenient of these
warm valleys is Vllleta. This custom of
going Into the hot country onoe or twice a
rear to "temporar," as It Is called, can.
indeed, hardly be called a luxury, for the
climate of Bogota, although very Invigora
ting at first, is so equal that it at length
becomes trying.
Tha business of the city Is, to a large ex
Jtent, carried on by foreigners, the French,
German and English Interest being moat
Important. AmerloanB, possibly because
they have mora room at bom, hsve not
as yet secured a very strong foothold In
Colombia, but it will be well for tTncls
Earn to keep hla eye on this coming coun
try. There is little manufacturing in Bo
gota almost an manufactured articles being
Imported. Cheap grades of cloth are made,
two glass works were built after the mule
trail had become pretty well covered with
broken bits of the imported product and
tha enterprielng German who, a few years
aro, started a brewery in Bogota and
educated the natives in Ui manipulation of
Btcins Is now a millionaire,
Bosae Hospitality.
It is flimeult for foreigners to gain ad
mittance to the native social Ufa The
old Spanish reserve and dignity have not
by any means worn away in ths Colom
bians; but one who has had the privilege
of visiting them intimately may well be
enthusiastic about the charm and hospital
ity of the Colombian borne. The foreigners
hi themselves form a rood sised colony,
and the foreign minister, who constitute
the aristocracy of tha plapa, keep virtually
open house.
The brightly uniformed Indian soldiers
tha officers alone being to any extent of
Spanish blood gtr a touch of color to the
street. It is a great mistake to think
that the Colombian army is purely orna
mental and that it is composed of "play"
soldiers. Tha contrary is demonstrated by
the fact that in the "late unpleasantness"
SO, 000 men were either killed in battle or
died ia camp. If ths survivors are the
fittest, then tbs present Colombian army
is composed of hardened veteran, well
trained ia tropical warfare and 1mm uns
to Its dangers.
There are several gambling nouses In
Bogota, licensed by the government. Rou
lette is the favorite game, but ths stakes
are low and tha amount of play .In a
month would not equal Uat in a night at
Panama. Until recently, tha government
also leased lottery prtvUeges, but this In
dustry became too popular and was sup
pressed. The Pogota cockpit Is famous
thoroughout the country. Much attention
is given to ths breeding of the bird. Semi
weekly mains are held, and tha betting
on these bloody battles is much mors spir
ited' than at tha gaming tables.
The Bogotans are enthusiastic theater
goers and the two theaters of the dry are
crowded during tha visits of the opera and
dramatio companies. Tbs Taatro Colon
built by tba government at a cost of
11,000,000 presents an appearance on ths
night of a popular performance which can
favorably compare with that of any theater
In New Tork. This theater ia situated in
ths finest street ia Borota. A few steps
away is ths president's palace, a dignified
and imposinr mansion. Tha people often
visit the president in a body and call on
him for a speech, which he generally makes
from a little balcony In the second story.
In tha present excited condition of Borota
over tha Panama affair one may imagine
the wrought-up crowds that daily crow 4
the street before tha palace.
The nail Fight.
But ths function which most appeals te
ths heart of the Colombian ia ths bull fight.
On holiday and Sunday afternoons ths bull
ring, on tbs outskirts of the city. Is ths
common meeting place. It ia built after ths
regulation pattern, a little balustrade over
which ths bull fighter can vault when hard
pressed running around the ring and form
ing a little alley, beyond which ths seats
tiss tier en tier to ths boxes. The preel
dent's box is fitted up gorgeously and is
generally occupied by tbs chief executive
or soma other official. A little boy dressed
aa a herald and mounted on a magnlfloent
Andaluslan horse enters ths ting through
a rats opposite the president's box and
tides once around, te ths applause ef ths
expectant multitude. The bull fighters, in
splendid array, then appear and are led
by ths herald across ths ring to ths pre si
dent's box. Here the matador makes an
e labor at speech, going through the for
mality ef asklnr permission to proceed, and
finishing by dedicating the performance to
his axoaUenry and tossing bis cap to ths
people.
A whistle blows, a door at the side of ths
ring slides open, a bull rushes through, re
ceiving from above twS gaudy darts la the
Bids of the neck, which make him land In
tbs middle of ths arena almost at ene
bound; ths bull fighters distributed about
the ring, tense and alert, watch his every
movement; the bull looks from ens to the
other, uncertain which to charge. Finally
one waves a bright scarf, the bull, with a
snort, plunges at him and ths fight Is on
Sometimes ths bull woe t charge, in which
event another animal is brought in, or a
bucket of beer may be used to arouse the
necessary fighting blood. These fights are
conducted as era those in Bpaln, exoept
that they are, naturally, on a smaller scale.
and with the further exception that horse
are only used en gala ccaaiona. Horses
are far toe expensive and necessary an
article In Colombia to be, treated llrhtly.
Human Ufa indeed, appears te be held far
more cheaply.
Wlhle bull fighting appeals to all c
of Barotans. ths lower element is particu
larly enthusiastic over the sport, and when
there is no regular troupe of fighters la
town the people often ret up a fight of
their own. This may be termed a "free-
for-all" affair. One of ths plazas In the
suburbs la roped in, and into this enclosure
a bull la turned. Anyone is st liberty to
fight it, and at times over 100 men and boys
will be in tha enclosure st once. I wlt-
nnaaed one of these extraordinary specta
cle from a conservative position up a tree
Tha bull charged bark and forth through
tha crowd, tossing ths people right and
left; indeed, the plasa was so crowded that
it was Imposslbls for all to keep out of
ths wsy. Some would lose sight of tha aa.
Una! entirely. One man, thinking bs was
running xway from the Infuriated animal.
suddenly found himself impaled 6 ths
bull s noras. Before I could a el aaar
boy. was else killed and many others were
staaaalael aaa awe. U Is a sseet canrtoae
sport.
r wfifin
From
Monday, Jan. 18,
to
Saturday, Jaxn. 23
ONLY
A Money Saving Chance
Not a "Cheap Sale"
B
ELOW it a list of boot and thir avthort
every one of which ths bzok r eating pub
lic Jcnows by reputation and value. Ein if
you do not mbsolutely need ths bo&l they are worth picking tip at
the prices quoted.
FICTION
25 per cent
to
50 percent
Discount
on
Books.
Stationery,
Playing
' Cards,
Games,
Etc., Etc
Stories by Cspt Charles Klnc erortu 50 cents, and 100 ethers,
each
About 300 volumes ef eopyrljjht fiction pood Stories worth 70c to
11.50, each
f Kf 9 1 Jirlf T"e r r- rinriS tn "T'e-vvt Vi Yeas. A e-evs e f nltiAwa
j va j m s.a,t T o i v .a ' " 'j s kiuv net arar Ji U iva u luv n r
"The rortlon ef Labor." by Msry E. Wilklns.
"The Long Strslrbt Rosd." by CJoorpe Horton.
"Psnrbter of the Pnows, by Jack London.
"A Prince of Good rellowB," by Robert Barr.
Tan! KelTer," by Jerome K. Jerome.
All ef the above, snd over f00 more popular books of fiction,
1 1.60 values, go at
Alse seme extremely low prices on children's books.
15c
38c
65c
BOOKS IN SETS
Ten will hsve to come early to ret these ea we only have the
Ooned opposite each, set. Bindings, print,, eta, of the best
Valua
Longfellow, 1 set 6 volumes , ....$10.00
Tom ralne's Wrltlnra, sets, 4 volumes H0.00
Thackeray, l net, 10 volumes $10 00
Carlyle, 1 set, 10 volumes tlO.OO
Huro, 1 net 10 volumes flO(K)
Roott'g Works', 1 set. 12 volumes 12.(h
Dumas. 1 set, 15 volumes flMiO
Cooper's, 1 set, 16 volumes Hfl.oo
Thackeray, 1 set, 20 volumes t'M.W
Ellis Hist, of IT. S.. 8 eets, 6 ol. (full Mor.) .$45.00
Dickens, (cabinet edition), 1 set 80 vohynes , $45.(i
Vanderbllt's House and Collection, 1 set 10 volumes . .. .fiMO.OO
Anti a large number ef other sets prices In same proportion.
number men-
Sale
Price.
$2.25
$175
$1.75
75
$175
$7.75
$9.75
$10.50
$18.00
$15.00
$2S.OO
$37.60
GAMES
I
25c Bicycle
Plivying
Cards
for 17 Cts.
Oroklnole Boards, rerular price. $1.20 ......85e
Comblnola Boards, No. 11, rerular price, $U.23 $1.65
Crown Combination Boards. No. 1, rerular price, $3.75 .... $2.05
Mellln's Psrlor Bowling, medium sire, tfgrular price $2.50 $2.00
Carom Crokinole Combination Boards, re (ruler price, $3.25 $2.15
National Combination Boards, regular price. $3.50 $2.40
Mellln's Tarlor Bowline-, larre sise, rerular price $5.00 .....$3.23
Two small Parlor Billiard Tables, rerular price, $7ii0. $4.50
Two larre Parlor Billiard Tablea, rerular price, $15.00 $10.00
Whltely Exercisers 25 per cent off.
PLA YING CARDS and POKER CHIPS
25c Bicycle Pis yins Cards 17e
COc Congress Playing Cards -. 40c
60c Poker Chips 85c
Poker Set containing1 two packs of cards and 100 chips, complete In a
beautiful leather case, worth $3.50 $1.75
Another Poker Set like above,. In an oak case, worth $5.00 $2.50
WRITING PAPER, ETC.
PAPETRIE PAPER In boxes containing 24 sheets and envelopes, C
worth 25c DC
CRANE'S or HURD'S Elegant stationery, one quire and 25 envelopes to
match, in assorted tints, worth 40c te 60c 25c
Ladies' Hand Bags, Pocket Books, etc 40 per cent off.
DIARIES Pocket nd Standard '. ,...30 per cent off.
Gentlemen's Card Cases, Bill Books. Letter Cases, etc .....30 per cent off.
Noyes' Dictionary Holders, worth $3.00 .fl.W
Jsl? AA AT ST.
OMAHA, NEB.
on
REPUTATION
IS GUARANTEE
OF QUAUTY.
ft
I
i
7 III Uta J T4
raeM2Wfc:
ft
lP.f.crf.f.li.f. It a an fey" Given 1
8 Exquisite Studies from life; pictorial gems, 17x11 inches in
size, representing eight distinctive types of American girls . each
tudy is in tones of rich brown, mounted on a plate-marked
mount ready for framing. Each set is furnished with an artistic
Portfolio Coyer, stamped in gold. It is as dainty and rich a
collection as has ever been brought out, and will beautifv any
home. Framed singly, they are admirable subjects for adorning
the walls of boudoir library, or cosy corner. The
Away J
El
MP8IJTAN
MAGAZINE for J904
will excel all magazines published. Its 160 Pages ot
Beading, for 1 5 cents, is more than is found in some of the
?5-cent magazines. I ts writers and illustrators, and special
batures are the best, as will be seen from the large announce
ments we are making in this paper almost daily.
The regular vearlv ni rtarrirmnn f V f CTt fTT TT1VT
s ------ I - M -' a aV uvu sya Luu ATA a a V V a a. J m m r 1
I W 111 til MAGAZINE is $1.50. To any one subscribing for one
ilVkIwIL c 'U1 prepaid one of these Beautiful Portfolios
4 . iu uiu a viuvuu pum
separately as it was brought out solely to gire to oar subscribers.
s
.Any Newsdealer
- will accept your subscription and
forward the I1.50 for you, and so
are you time.
The January Number
(now selling) contains
12 Short Stories
all by noted writers and
all profusely illustrated.
IOO Illustrations
by Blendon Campbell; George
Gibbs; Frederic R. Gruger;
Arthur Heming; and other.
Price 15 Cents
31
I X
C 44) at. K. XT7SSXU, muSHXX, 3 W. 9Trf ST., X.. T.
l 'S 1
ilk, i w