2
TUB OMAnA DAILY PEE: TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8. 1003.
WE CLOSE 8ATU
M2SM1.8T.
Th mioI of HEW
MOSSY v paid hack
la change In on
. year. I
1
The very newest of the new, the dress goods we are showing
for Christmas gifts. December is always a busy month in our
dress goods department for more Christmas shoppers seek its aid
e?ery year. Materials for a new dress or waist will make an
txcellent gift to a sister, mother or" wife. These are some of the
newest medium materials: , ,
ALL WOOL WIPP CORD-tlf you have girl to 14 years on your list, a dress
pattern of thin pretty material would mu ke a most pleasing and practical Christ
mas remembranc'o. In" all the new shades of blue, brown, garnet, .caetor, mode,
tc, regular Kc quality, now 3 a yard.
ALL WOOL Z1BELINE The fabrlo of the hour, rood weight, handsome ilk. lus
ter, In both plain and mixed weaves, special quality at 60o a yard.
ALL WOOL CREFOLA The very hel ght of dress elegance In the plain goods.
These soft, clinging; fabric; are more be auUful than ever. A magnificent line of
colors to choose from. Usually sold at 11.00, our special price, "oo a yard.
SPECIAL BLACK DRESS GOODS FOR CHRISTMAS One thing la pretty cer
tain, every woman likes to own one or more black dresses. Hence such a gift Is
sure to be welcomed. . Black Is always safe. We are showing a fine anortment of
all wool black goods In various styles at 50c a yard. Handsome, all wool crepe de
chine, 60 Inches at 1.26 yard. Pretty, all wool, soft. . clinging voiles, BOo to 12.00 a
yard. New, slj .wool melrcse dress goods, 75c to $1.60 a yard. Hundreds of pretty
tries to choose from. ui .
TlHISllHlPsilRI.lEilElnl
i'Y. M. C. A. Building. Corner
Commerce and Labor has been conditioned
upon this theory, of securing fair treat
ment alike for labor and for capltul.
. Capital and Labor.
The consistent policy of the national gov
ernment, so far as It has the power, la to
bold In check the unscrupulous man,
whether employer or employee; but to re
fuse to weaken individual initiative or te
hamper or cramp the industrial develop
ment of the country. We reoognlxo that
this Is an era of federation and combina
tion, In which great capitalistic corpora
tions and labor unions have- become fac
tors of tremendous Importance In all in
dustrial centers. Hearty recognition is
given the far-reaching, beneficent work
which has been accomplished through both
corporations and unions, and the line as
between different corporations, as between
different unions, is drawn as It is between
different Individuals; that is, It Is drawn
on conduct, the effort being to treat both
organised capital and organised labor alike;
asking nothing save that the Interest of
each shall be brought into harmony with
the Interest of the general public, and that
the conduct of each shall conform to the
fundamental rules of obedience to law, of
Individual freedom, and of Justice snd fair
dealing towards all. Whenever either cor
poration, labor union, or Individual disre
gards the law or acts In a spirit of arbitrary
and tyrannous Interference with the rights
of others, whether corporations or Indi
viduals, then where the federal government
has Jurisdiction, it will tee to It that the
misconduct Is stopped, paying not the
slightest heed' to the position or power of
the corporation, the union or the indlvlJual,
but only to ono vital fact that Is, the
Question whether or not the conduct of
the Individual or aggregate of Individuals
Is In accordance with the law of the land.
Every man must be guaranteed his liberty
and his right to do s he likes with his
property or his labor, so long as he does not
Infringe the rights of others. No man Is
above the law and no man Is below It; nor
do we ask any man's permission when we
require him to obey It. Obedience to the
law is demanded as a right; not asked as
a favor.
We have cause is a nation to be thank
ful for the steps that have been so suc
cessfully taken to put these principles Into
effect. The progress has been by evolu
tion, not by revolution. Nothing radical
has been- done; the action has been both
moderate and resolute.- Therefore .the work
will stand. There shall be no backward
step. If In the working of the laws It
pruvrs uciirnuid uiui mey snail at any
point be expanded or amplified, the amend
ment can be- made as its desirability Is
shown. Meanwhile they are being admin
istered with Judgment, but; with insistence
upon obedience to them; and their need
has been emphasized In signal.. fashion by
the events of the past year.
Receipts and expenditures.
From all sources, exclusive of the postal
Service, the receipts of ' the government
for the last fiscal year aggregated $5S0,39G.
674. The expenditures for the sa;r.e period
were 1504.099. 007, the surplus for the fiscal
yeaf being $64,297,667. The Indications are
that the surplus for the present fiscal year
will be very small, If, tndoed, there be any
surplus. From July to November the re
ceipts from customs were, approximately,
$9,000,000 less than the receipts from the
same source for a corresponding portion of
last year. Should this decrease continue
at the - same ratio throughout the fiscal
year, the surplus would be reduced by, ap
proximately, $30,000,000. Should the revenue
from customs suffer muoh further de
crease during the fiscal year the surplus
would vanish, A . large surplus Is- cer
tainly undesirable. ' Two years ago the war
taxes were taken off with the express In
tention of equalising the governmental re
- celpta and expenditures, and though the
first year thereafter still showed a surplus,
it now seems likely, that a substantial
equality of revenue and expenditure will
be attained. Such being the case, It Is of
great moment both to exercise care and
economy In appropriations, and - to scan
sharply any change lrt our fiscal revenue
system which may reduce our Income. The
Deed of strict economy In our expenditures
Is emphasized by the fact that we cannot
afford to be parsimonious In providing for
what Is essential to our national well -
being. careful economy wherever possible
will alone prevent our Income from falling
below the point required In order to meet
our genuine needs.
Needs of Financial gltaatlon.
The Integrity of our currency Is beyond
question, and under present conditions It
would be unwise and unnecessary to at
tempt a reconstruction of our entire mone
tary system. The same liberty should be
granted the secretary of the treasury to
deposit customs receipts aa Is granted htm
la the . deposit of- receipts from other
sources. In my message of December 1
19u2, I called attention to certain needs of
the financial situation, and I again ask
the consideration of the congress for these
Questions.
During the last session of the congress,
at the suggestion of a Joint note from tha
Republic of Mexico and the Imperial gov
ernment of China, and in harmony with
an act of the congress appropriating $25.H0
to pay the expenses thereof, a commission
was appointed to confe with the principal
European countries In the hope that some
plan might be devised whereby a fixed rate
of exchange could be assured between the
gold standard countries and the silver
standard countries. This commission has
Alod Its preliminary report, which has been
made public. I deem It Important that
the commission be continued and that a
sum of money b appropriated sufficient to
pay the expenses of its further labor.
Merchant Maria.
A msjorlty of our people desire that steps
be taken lu the Interests of American
shipping, so that we may once more re
sums our former position In the ocean car
rying trade. But hitherto the differences
of opinion as to the proper method of
reaching this end have been so wide that
it nas proved impossible to secure tha
. . - - - wvu.v viia
adoption of any particular acheme. Hav-
Ing in view these facta, I recommend that
tha congress direct the secretary of the
navy, the potmasr general and the sec
retary of commerce and liibor, associate!
with such representation from the senate
and house of representatives as the con
gress In Its wisdom may designate, to serve
as a oommlaston for the purpoa of in
vestigating and reporting to the congress
at lis next session shut legislation is de
sirable or necessxry for tT.e development
of the American merchant marine and
American commerce, axd Incidentally of a
national ocean mall grvlce of adequate
uillarj tavl erulseni and naval teurtu,
Bee Deo. 7, 1903.
Now is the
Time to Buy
Sixteenth and Douglas
While such a-measure la desirable in any
event, it Is especially desirable at this
time, in view of the fact that our present
governmental contract for ocean mall witn
the American line will expire In 1905. Our
ocean mall act was passed In 1891. In 1S95
our 20-knot transatlantic mall line was
equal to any foreign line. Since then the
Germans have put on 23-knot steamers, and
the British have contracted 24-knot steam
ers. Our service should equal the best. If
It does not the commercial publlo will
abandon It. If we are to stay In the busi
ness It ought to be with a full understand
ing of the advantages to the country on one
hand and on the other with exaot knowl
edge of the cost and proper methods of
carrying It on. Moreover, lines of cargo
ships are of even more Importance than
fast mail lines; save so far as the latter
can be depended upon to furnish swift
auxiliary cruisers in time of war. The
establishment of new lines of cargo ships
to South America, Asia and elsewhere
would be much In the Interest of our com
meiclal expansion.
Immigration.
We cannot have too much Immigration
of the right kind, and we should have none
at all of the wrong kind. The need Is to
devise some system by which undesirable
immigrants shall be kept out entirely, while
dealrable Immigrants are properly distrib
uted throughout the country. At -present
some districts which need Immigrants have
none; and In others, where the population
Is already congested. Immigrants come in
such numbers as to depress the conditions
of life for those already there. During
the last two years the Immigration serv
ice at New York has been greatly Im
proved, and the corruption and Inefficiency
which formerly obtained there have been
eradicated. This service has Just been In
vestigated by a committee Af View York
citizens of high standing, MsaSVS.' Arthur
v. Briesen, Lee K. Frankel, Eugene A. Phll
bln. Thomas W. Hynes and Ralph Trauh
man. Their report deals with the whole
situation at length, and concludes with
certain recommendations for administrative
and legislative action. It Is now receiving
the attention of the Secretary of Commerce
and Labor.
Natarallsatlon Freads. " ,
The special investigation of the subject of
naturalisation under the direction of . the
attorney-general, and the .consequent pro
secutions, reveal a condition of affairs call
ing ipr,.ne immediate attention oi .me
congress. Forgeries . and perjuries of
shameless and flagrant character have
been perpetrated, not only In the dense
centers of population, but throughout the
country; and It la established beyond doubt
that very msny so-called cttlsens of the
United States have no title whatever to
thatVight, and are asserting and tnjoylng
the benefits of the sams through the gross
est frauds. It Is never to be forgotten that
citizenship is, to 'quote the words recently
used. by .the supre ne court of the United
States, an "Inestimable, heritage," whether
It proceeds from birth within the country.
or is obtained by naturalization; and we
poison the sources of our national char
acter and strength at the fountain, If the
privilege Is claimed and exercised with
out right, . and .by means .. of fraud and
corruption. The body politic can not be
sound and healthy If many of its constlt
uent members claim their standing through
the prostitution of the high right and
caning or citizensnip. . it should mean
something to become a, cltlien. of ' the
United States; and In the process no loop-
note wnatever mourn o lett open to
fraud. .-,'- v.
The methods by which these frauds now
under full Investigation with . a view to
meting out punishment and providing ade
quate remedies are perpetrated, include
many variations of procedure by which
fajse certificates of citizenship are forged
In their entirety; or genuine certificates
fraudulently . or collusively obtained in
blank are filled in by the criminal conspira
tors; or certificates are obtained on fraud
ulent statements as to the time of arrival
ana residence In this country; or Inicosl
tlort and substitution of another party for
ine real petitioner occur In court; or cor,
tltlcates are made the subject of barter
and sale and transferred from the rightful
holder to those not entitled to them; or
certificates are forged by erasure of the
original names and the Insertion nf tha
1 names of other persons not entitled ta the
I same,
Wherein Danger Lies.
It Is not necessary for me to rerer here t
large to the causes leading to this state
of affairs. Tha desire for naturalisation is
heartily to be commended where It springs
from a sincere and permanent intention to
become citizen, and a real appreciation
of the privilege. But It Is a source of un
told evil and trouble where It is traceable
to selfish and dishonest motives, such as
the effort by artificial and Improper means.
In wholesale fashion to create voters who
are ready-made tools of corrupt politicians
or tha desire to evade certain labor law
creating discriminations against alien labor.
All good citizens, whether naturalised or
native born, sre equally Interested lr pro
tecting our citizenship against fraud in any
form, and, on the other hand, In affording
every facility for naturalisation to those
who In good faith desire to share alike our
privileges and our' responfiblltles.
The federal grand Jury lately In session
in New York City dealt with this aublert
and made a presentment which states the
situation briefly and forcibly and contains
important suggestions for the consideration
of the cong.eas. This presentment is 'in
cluded as an appendix to tha report of the
attorney general.
Fund te Proseeat Crimes.
In my last annual message. In connection
wl.tlt the subject of the due regulation of
combinations of capital which are or may
become injurious to the public. I recom-
mended a special appropriation for the
better enforcement of the anti-trust' law
as it now stands, to be expended under the
direction of the' attorney general. Accord
ingly (by the legislative, executive, and
Judicial appropriation act of Feb
ruary 26. 1V03, SI Slat., 154. 04), tha con
- m ' - if .v. iiiv iuijuf (JI fo
forcing the various federal trust and Inter
gress approprlsted, for the purpose of en-
state commerce laws the sura of $600,000,
to be expended under the direction of the
attorney general in the employment of spe
cial counsel and agents In the Department
of Justice, to conduct proceedings and
prosecutions under said laws In the courts
of the United Siates. I now recommend,
as a matter of the utmost importance and
urgency, the extenalon of tbe purposes of
this appropriation, so that it may be avail
able, under the direction of the attorney
general, and until used, for the due en
forcement of the lawa of the United States
In general, and especially of tha civil and
criminal laws relating to public lands and
RDAT8 AT P. M.
the laws relating to postal crime and of
fenses and the subject of naturalisation.
Recent Investigations have shown a de
plorable state of affairs In these three mat
ters of vital concern. By Various frauds
and by forgeries and perjuries, thousands
of acres of the public domain, embracing
lnnds of different character and extending
through various sections of the country,
have been dishonestly acquired. It Is
hardly necessary to urge the Importance
of recovering these dishonest acquisitions,
stolen from the people, and of promptly
and duly punishing the offenders. I apeak
In another part of this message of the
widespread crimes by which the sacred
right of eitlsenship Is falsely asserted and
that "Inestimable heritage" perverted to
base ends. By similar meansthat Is,
through frauds, forgeries and perjuries,
and by shameless briberies the laws re
latrVg to the proper conduct of the publlo
service. In general and-to. the due admin
istration of the Postofflce department, have
been notoriously violated, and many Indict
ments have been, found, and the consequent
prosecutions are In course of "hearing or
on the eVe thereof. ' For the reasons thus
Indicated; and so that the government may
ba prepared to 'enforce promptly and with
the greatest effect tha due penalties for
such violations of law, snd to this end
may be furnished with sufficient Instru
mentalities and competent legal' assist
ance for the Investigations and trials which
will be necessnry at rhnny different points'
of the country, I urge upon the congress
the necessity of making the said appropria
tion available , for Immediate use for nil
such purposes, to be .expended under the
direction of the attorney general.
Bribe aad Bribery.
Steps have been taken by the State de
partment looking to tne niuklug ot bribery
an extraditable ofu-nss with foreign pow
ers. 'Hie need ' of more effective treaties
covering this crime is manliest. The ex
posures and prosecutions of official cor
ruption In Bt. Louis, Mo., and other cities
ana states have resulteu In a number o(
givers and takers ot bribes becoming fugi
tives In toretgn lanas. Bribery ua not
been lncluued in extradition treaties hereto
fore, as the necessity tor it has not arisen.
While there may nave oeen as much official
corruption in former years, there ha been
more developed and brought to light in
tho immediate past than in the preceding
century of our country's history, it should
be the policy of the United Slates to leave
ho place on earth where a corrupt man
fleeing from this country can rest in peace.
There Is no reason why bribery should not
be Included In all treaties as extraditable.
The recent amended treaty with Mexico,
whereby this crime was put In the list of
extraditable offenses, has established a sal
utary precedent In this regard. Under this
treaty the State department has asked
and Mexico has granted, the extradition of
one of the Bt, Louis bribe givers.
There can be no crime more serious than
bribery. Other offenses violate one la
while corruption strikes at the foundation
of all law. Under our form of government
all authority is vested in the people and
by them delegated to those who represent
them In official capacity. There can be no
offense heavier than that of him in whom
uch a sacred trust has been rcpostid, who
sells It fur his own gain and enrichment; and
no less heavy Is- the offense ot the bribe
giver. He is worse than the thief, for the
thief rob the individual, while the corrupt
official plunders an entire city or state.
He Is as wicked a the murderer, for the
murderer may only take one life against
the law, while the corrupt official and the
man who corrupts the official alike nlin at
the assassination of the commonwealth
Itself. Government of the people, by the
people, for the people will perish from the
face of the earth If bribery la tolerated.
The givers and takers of bribes stand on
an evil prominence of Infamy. Tne ex
posure and punishment of publlo corrup
tion Is an honor to a nation, not a disgrace,
Tho shame lies in toleration, not In correc
tion. No city or state, still less the nation,
can be injured by the enforcement of law.
As long as publlo plunderers when detected
can find a haven of refuge In any foreign
land and avoid punishment, just so long
encouragement Is given them to continue
their practices. If we fall to. do all that In
u He to stamp out corruption wo can not
escape our -share of responsibility for the
guilt. The first requisite of successful self
government is unflinching .enforcement of
in jaw ana the catting out of corruption.
V ..Alaskan Bessdsty, : ,
For several years past the rapid develop
ment of Alaska and ' the establishment
of growing. American Interests-. In regions
theretofore unsurveyea and . Imperfectly
known brought into prominence the urgent
necessity of a practical demarcation' of
the boundaries ' between the Jurisdictions
of the United-State and Great Britain
Although, the treaty of 1825 between Great
Britain and Russia, the provisions ot whioh
were copied In the treaty of lfcC7, whereby
Russia, conveyed Alaska to , the United
States,' Was positive- as to the control, first
by Russia, and later by the United Slate,
of a' strip of territory along the continental
main rand from the western shore of Fort
land canal to Mount St. Ellns, following
nd surrounding the Indentations of the
coast and Including tbe islands to the west
ward, it description of the landward mar
gin' of the strip was Indefinite, resting on
the supposed existence of a ' continuous
ridge or range of mountains skirting the
coast, as figured In the charts of tha early
navigators. , It had at no time been possible
for either party In interat to lay down,
under the authority of the treaty, a line
so obviously exact according to It pro
vlnlons as to command the assent of the
other. For nearly three-fourths of a cen
tuty the absence of tangible local interest
demanding the exercise -of positive Jurisdic
tion on either side or the border left the
Question- dormant In 1878 questions of rev
enu administration pn the Btlklne river led
to the establishment of a provisional de
marcation, crossing the channel between
two high peak on either side about twenty
four miles above the river mouth. In list
similar question ffr owing out of the ex
trsor Unary development of mining interests
In the region about the head of Lynn canal
brought about a temporary modus Vivendi,
by which a convenient separation was
made at the watershed divides of the Whit
nd Chllkoot passes and to the north of
Klukwan, on the Klehnl river. Thee
partial and tentative adjustment could
not, In the very nature of things, be sat
isfactory or lasting. .A permanent disposi
tion of the matter became Imperative.
Commission aid It Flndlaga. .
After unavailing attempts to reach an
understanding through a Joint high com
mission, followed by prolonged negotia
tions, conducted In an amicable spirit, a
convention between the United States na
Great Britain was signed, January It, 1MB,
providing for an examination of the sub
ject by a mixed tribunal of six members,
three on a aide, with a view to it nVial
disposition. Ratifications were exchanged
on March $ last, whereupon the two gov
ernments appointed their respective mem
bers. Those on behalf of the United States
were Fllhu Root, secretary of war; Henry
Cabot Lodge, a senator of the United
Biatea, and George Turner, an ex-senator
of the United States; while Great Britain
named the Rt- Hon. Lord Alverstone, lord
chief Justice of England; Sir Louis Amable
Jette. K. C. M. G . retired Judge of the su
preme court of Quebeo, and A. B, Aylea
wortli. K. C of Toronto. This tribunal
met in London on September , under the
presidency of lord Alverstone. The pro
ceedlnga were expeditious, and marked by
a friendly and conscientious spirit. Th
respective caaes. counter cases and argu
ments presented the Issues clearly and
fully. On the zoth or uctooer a majority
of the tribunal reached and signed an
agreement on all th question submitted
by the terms of the convention. By this
award the right of the United States to
the control of a continuous strip or border
of the mainland shore, skirting all ,ths
tide-water Inlets and sinuosities of the
coast, is confirmed; th entrance to 1'ort
land canal (concerning which legitimate
doubt appoared) 1 denned a passing by
Tonraas Inlet and to the northwestward
of Wales and Pear Islands; a Una is
drswn from th head of Portland canal to
the flft) -sixth degree of norvh latitude;
and the Interior border line of the atrip la
fixed by line connecting certain mountain
I'mmlt lying between Portland csnal and
Mount Bt. Ellas, and running along the
crest of the divide separating the coaat
slope from the Inland watershed at the
only part of the frontier where the drain
age ridge approachea the coaat within the
distsnce ot ten marine leagues stipulated
by the treaty as the extreme width of the
strip around the heads of Lynn csnal and
Its branchea.
hile tbe line so traced follows th pro-
visional demarcation of IS78 at the crossing
of the Btlklne river, and that of at the
summits of the White and Chllkoot passes.
It runs much farther Inland from the Kle
hlnl than the temporary line of the later
modus vlvendl, and leaves the entire min
ing district of the Porpuplne rtver and Gla
cier creek within, -the Jurisdiction of the
United States.
Of Great Material Advantage. .
The result Is satisfactory lrt every way.
It is of great material advantage to our
people In the far northwest. It has re
moved from the field of discussion and
possible danger a question liable to become
mor acutely accentuated with each pass
ing year. Flnnl y, It has furnished a rignal
proof of the fairness and good will with
which two friendly nations csn approach
and determine Issues ' Involving national
sovereignty and by their nature Incapable
of FUbmlMon to a third power for adjudica
tion.
The award Is self-executing on the vltil
points. To make ft effective , regards
the others It only remains for the two gov
ernments to appoint, -each on Its on be
half, one or more sclWntlflo experts, who
hall, with all convenient speed, proceed
together to lay down the boundary line In
accordance with the decision of the ma
jority of the tribunal. I recommend that
congress make adequate provision for the
appointment, compensation and expenses
of the members to serve on this Joint
boundary commission on the part of the
United States.
Claim Against Veaesoela.
It will be ' remembered that during the
second session of the last congress Great
Britain, Germany and . Italy formed an
Ulanco for the purpose of blockading the
porta of Venezuela and using such other
means of pressure as would secure a settle
ment of claims due, as they alleged, to
certain of their subjects'. Their employ
ment or rorce for the collection or these
claims was teimlnated by an agreement
brought about through the offices of the
diplomatic representatives of the United
States at Caracas and' the government at
Washington, thereby ending a situation
which was bound to cause Increasing fric
tion, and which Jeoparded the peace of
the continent. Under this agreement Venez
uela agreed to set . apart a certain per
centage of the customs receipts of two of
her ports to be applied to the payment of
whatever obligations might be ascertained
by mixed commissions appointed, for that
purpose, to be due from, her, not only to
the three powers already. mentioned, whose
proceedings against her had resulted In a
state of war, but also to the United States,
France, Spain, Belgium,, tho Netherlands,
Sweden and Norway, and Mexico, who had
not employed force for , the collection of
the claims Alleged to be due to certain of
their citizens.
A demand was then - made by the so-
called blockading power that th sums
ascertained to be 'due to their citizen by
uch mixed ' commissions should be ac
corded payment In full before anything was
paid upon the claim of any of the so-
called peace power.- Venezuela, on - the
other hand, Insisted that all her creditors
should " be paid upon a ' basts of exact
equality. During the efforts to adjust this
dispute It was suggested by the powers in
Interest that It should be referred to me
for decision, but I was clearly of the opin
ion that a far wiser course would be to
ubmlt the question to the permanent
court of arbitration at The Hague. It
seemed to me to offer an admirable oppor
tunity to advance the practice . of tha
peaceful settlement of disputes between
nations and to secure for The Hague tri
bunal a memorable increase of Its prac
tical importance. The nation interested
in the controversy were so numerous and
in many Instances so powerful as to make
It evident that beneficent results would
follow from their appearance at th same
time before the buri. of that august tri
bunal of peace. v' ..
Our hoiies in that regard have been re
alized. Russia and Austria are represented
in the persona of th learned and distin
guished Jurist' who.' compose' the tribunal,
while Great Britain, ' 'Germany; France,
Spain, Italy,' BelglurAiy the Netherlands,
Sweden and Norway',. Mexico,, the United
State,, and ,'Vcoeauwla., are represented by
their respeoilye agn and-counsel. Such
an Imposing. coDcoukO, lf. nation rrasenti
lng their argun.uyiis(i and invoking, th
decision of that .hign, 'court of international
Justlue and, International peace can hardly
fall to. secure a like submission of many
future controversies Tha nations, new ap
pearing there will find it far easier to ap
pear there a second time, while no nntion
can Imagine it Just pride wlil Co lessened
by following the example ' now presented.
This triumph of the principle of interna
tional .. arbitration is a subject . of . warm
congratulation and offers a- happy, augury
for tbe peace of th world.
'.' . International Arbitration.
There seems good- ground for. the bt lief
that there has been' a real growth among
the civilized nations pf a sentiment which
will permit a gradual substitution- of other
methods than the : method of war, lit th
settlement Of disputes, ft - is . not pro
tended that aa yet wa are near a position
In which it will be. possible wholly to pre
vent war, or that a Just regard for national
Interest and honor wilt lrt all cases permit
of 'the settlement of International disputes
by arbitration; but by a mixture of pru
dence and firmness with wisdom wo think
it 1 possible to do away with much ot th
provocation and excuse for war, and at
least In many cases to substitute some
other and more rational method for the
Settlement of disputes. The Hague court
offer so good ah example of what can be
don In the direction of such settlement
that It should be encouraged in every way.
Further step should be taken. In Presi
dent McKlnley' annual messag of De
cember 6, 1898, he made the following rec
ommendation: "The experience of the' last year bring
forcibly home to us a sense of th burden
and th wast of war. We desire. In com
mon with moat civilized nations, to reduce
to th lowest possible point ,the
damage sustained In time of war by peace
able trade and -commerce. It Is true we
may suffer In such cases less than other
communities, but all nations are damaaed
more or less by the state of uneasiness and
apprehension Into which an outbreak of
hostilities throws th entire commercial
world. - It should bs Our object to mini
mize, so -far a practicable, this Inevitable
loss and disturbance. This purpose can
probably best be accorapllshad by an inter
national agreement to regard all private
property at sea as exempt from capture or
destruction by forces of belligerent powers.
Th United State government hu for
many years advocated thlg humane and
beneficent principle and la now In position
to recommend it to other powers without
the Imputation of selfish motives. I there
for suggest for your consideration that
th executive be authorized to correspond
with the government of the principal
maritime power with a view of incorporat
ing Into the permanent law of civilized na
tion th principle of the exemption of all
private property at sea. not contraband of
war, from capture or destruction by bel
ligerent powera."
J cordially renew this recommendation. .
Aaotbrr Good , Heasoa.
The supreme court, speaking on December
11, 1K9, through Peckham, J., said:
"It Is, we think, historically accurate to
say that this government has always been,
In - its views, among . the most
advanced of the governments of
the world - in favor of mitigating,
as to all noncombatants, the hardshlpa and
horrors of war. To accomplish that object
It has always advocated thoss rules which
would In - most cases do away with the
right to capture the private property of an
enemy on the high seas."
I advocate this as a matter of humanity
and morals. It Is anachronistic when pri
vate property la respected on land that it
should not be respected on sea. ' Moreover,
It should be borne In mind that shipping
represents. Internationally speaking, a much
mor generalised apecles of private prop
erty than Is the case with ordinary prop
erty on land that Is, property found
sea la much less apt than Is the case with
property found on land really to belong to
any one nation. Under the m,otiern aystem
of corporate ownership .the flag of a vessel
often differs from the flag which would
mark the nationality of the real ownership
and money control ot the -vessel; snd tin'
cargo may belong to Individuals of yet a
different nationality. Much American cap
ital Is now invested In foreign ships; and
among forelun nations. It often haptens
that the capital of one Is largely invested
In the shipping of another, r urther:noie
ss a practical matter. It may t mentioned
that While coin in ores destroying nis) sauss
serious loss and great annoyance. It can
never b more than a subsidiary factor In
bringing to terms a resolute foe'. This Is
now well recognized by all our naval ex
perts. The fighting Fhlp, not the commerce
destroyer. Is the vesel whose feats add
renown to a nation's history and establish
her place among the. great powers of the
world. '
Last year the Interparliamentary Union
for International Arbitration met at Vienna,
000 members of the different legislatures
of civilised countries attending. It was
provided that the next meeting should be
In ISHjt at St. Louis, subject to our con
gress extending an Invitation. Like Th
Hague tribunal, this Interparliamentary
Union Is one of the forces tending toward
peace among the nations of the earth, and
It Is entitled to our support. I trust the
Invitation can be extended.
Relations with Turkey.
Early In July, having received Intelli
gence, which happily turned out to b
erroneous, of the assassination of our vice
consul at Beirut, 1 dispatched a. small
squadron to that port for such service as
might be found necessary on arrival. Al
though the attempt on the life ot our vice
consul hsd not been successful, yet th
outrage was symptomatic of a state of ex
citement and disorder which demanded Im
mediate attention. The arrival of the ves
sels had the happiest result. A feeling of
security at once took the place of the for
mer alarm and disquiet; our officers were
cordially welcomed by the consular body
and the leading merchants, and ordinary
business resumed Its activity. Th govern
ment of the sultan gave a conalderat
hearing to the representations of our min
ister; th official who was regarded as re
sponsible for the disturbed condition of
affairs was removed. Our relations with
the Turkish government remain friendly;
our claims founded on inequitable treat
ment of some of our schools and mission
appear to be In process ot amicable adjust
ment. I Relation with China.
Th signing of a new commercial treaty
with -China, which took place at Shanghai
on October 8, Is a cause for satisfaction.
This act, the result of long discussion and
negotiation, places our commercial rela
tion with tlie great Oriental empire on a
mor satisfactory footing than they have
ever heretofore enjoyed. It provides not
only for the ordinary rights and privileges
of diplomatic and consular officers, but
also for an Important extension, of our
commerce by increased facility of access
to Chinese ports, and for the relief of
trade by the removal of some of th ob
stacles which have embarrassed it in the
past. Th Chinese government engages, -on
fair and equitable conditions, which will
probably be accepted by the principal com
mercial nations, to abandon tha levy nf
"liken" and other transit dues throughout
the empire, and to- Introduce other desir
able administrative reforms. Larger fa
cilities are to be given to our citizens who
desire to carry on mining enterprises in
China. W have secured for our mission
aries a valuable privilege, the recognition
of their right to rent and lease In per
petuity such property as their religious
ocletlea may need in all part of the
empire. And, what was an lndlspenslbld
condition for the advance and development
of our commerce In Manchuria, China, by
treaty with us, has opened to foreign com
merce the cttles of Mukden, the capital ot
the province of Manchuria, and Antung,
an important port on the Yalu river, on
the road to Corea. The full measure .of
development ' which our commerce may
rightfully extect can hardly be looked for
until the settlement Of the present ab
normal state of things in -the empire; but
the foundation for such .development has
at last been laid.
Cost of Maintaining Consulnr Service,
I call your attention to the reduced cost
In maintaining the consular service for the
fiscal year ending June SO, 1903, a shown
In the annual report of the auditor for the
state and other departments, as compared
with the year previous. For the year under
consideration the excess of expenditures
over receipts on account of the consular
service amounted to $26,126.12, aa sgalnst $36,
7?.B0 for the year ending June 80, IDoZ; and
si4T.O40.ltt for the vear endlna Jane SO. 1931,
This U tn beat showing In "thin reirpeet
for the consular service fcr the past 'four
teen years, and the reduction In the cost of
the service to the government has - been
made in spite of the fact that the ex
penditure for th year in question were
more than $20,000 greater than for the pre
vious year.
Rural Free) Delivery Service.
The rural free delivery service ha been
steadily extended. The attention of con
greas 1 asked to the question ot the com
pensation of the letter carriers and clerks
enKSR-ed In the postal service, especially
on the new rural free delivery route. Mor
route hav been Installed since the first
of July last' thsn In any like period In the
department' history. While a due regard
to economy must bo kept In mind In the
establishment of new routes, yet tne
tension of the rural free delivery system
must be continued, for reasons of sound
publlo policy. No government movement
of recent year has resulted In greater im
mediate benefit to the people of the coun
try district. Rural ' free delivery, taken
In connection with the telephone, lh bi
cycle, and the trolley, accomplishes much
toward lessening the isolation ot farm life
and making it brighter and more at
tractive. In the immediate past the lack
of Just such facilities aa these ha driven
many of tha more active and restless young
men and women from the farms to th
cities; for they rebelled at loneliness and
lack of mental companionship. It is un
healthy and undesirable for the cltls to
grow at the expense of the country; and
rural free delivery la not only a good thing
In Itself, but it is good because it Is one
of the causes which check this unwhole
some tendency towards the urban concsn
tratlon of our population at the expense of
the country districts. It Is for th nam
reason that we sympathize with and ap
prove of the policy of building good roads
The movement tor good roads la one
fraught with th greatest benefit to the
country districts.
Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
I trust that the congress will continue to
favor in all proper ways the Louisiana Pur
chase exposition. This exposition com
memerates the Louisiana purchaae, which
waa the first great step In the expansion
which made us a continental nation. Th
expedition of Lewi and Clark across th
HEnORY flENDINQ
What Food Alrfn Cnn Do tos th
Memory.
Th Influence of food upon th brain and
msinory Is so little understood that people
are Inclined to marvel at It
Take a perron who has been living en
Improperly selected food and put htm upon
a scientific tiiet in which the food Grape
Nut is largely used and the Increase ot
th mental power that follow Is truly re
marks ble.
A Canadian who waa sent to Colorado for
his health Illustrates this point In a most
convlnclug manner: "On vear ago I cam
from Canada a nervous wreck, so my
physician said,, and reduced In weight to
almost a skeleton and my memory was so
poor that conversation had to be repeated
that had taken place only a few hours be
fore. I was unable to rest day or night for
my nervous system was shattered.
"The change of climate helped me a ltttl,
but It was soon seen that this waa not all
that I needed. I required the proper selec
tion of food 'although I did not realize It
until a friend recommended Grape-Nut to
me and I gave this food a thorough trial.
Then I realised what the right food could
do and I began to change in my feelings
and bodily condition. This kept up until
after six months' use of Grape-Nut all m
nervous trouble had entirely disappeared.
have gained in flesh all that I had lust and
what Is mor wonderful to me than any
thing els my memory Is as good as It
ever was. Truly Grape-Nuts has remad
m all over, mind and body, when I never
expected to be well and happy again.
Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek,
Mich.
There's a reason.
Look In each package for a copy of the
fumoua littl book, "Th Road to Well-
vllle,"
continent followed thereon, and marked th
beginning of the process of exploration and
colonization which thrust our national
lourldarlcs 1o the Pacific. The acquisition
f th Oregon country. Including th pres
ent states of Oregon and Washington, was
Tact of Immense Importance In our his-
ory; first giving us our place on the Pa-
Ino seaboard, and making ready the way
for our ascendancy In the commerce of the
greatest of the oceans. The centennial of
our establishment upon the western coast
by the expedition of Lewis and Clark Is to
be celebrated at Portland, Ore., by an ex
position In the summer of 1906, and this
event should receive recognition and sup
port from the national government.
Development of Alaska.
I call your special sttentlon to the ter
ritory of Alaska. The country Is devel
oping rapidly, and It has an assured fu-
tur
The mineral wealth la great, and
as as yet hardly been tapped. The fish
eries. If wisely handled and kept under
national control, will be a business as per
manent as any other, and of the utmost
mportance to the people. The forests, If
roperly guarded, will form another great
source of wsalth. Portions of Alaska ar
fitted for farming and stock raising, al
though the methods must be adapted to
the peculiar conditions of the country.
Alaska Is situated In the far north, but so
re Norway, and Sweden ond Finland; and
Alaska can prosper and play Its part In
the new world Just ns those nations have
prospered and played their parts In the old
world. Proper land laws should be en
ded; and the survey of the public lands
mmedlately begun. Coal land laws should
be provided whereby the coat land entry
man may make his location and secure
patent under methods kindred to those now
prescribed for homestead and mineral en-
trymen. Salmon hatcheries, exclusively
under government control, should b es-
tnbllshed. The cable should be extended
from Sitka westward. Wagon roads and
trails should be built, and the building of
railroads promoted In all legitimate way.
Light-houses should be built along th
coast. Attention should be paid to the
needs of th Alaska Indians; provision
hould bo made for an officer, with depu
ties, to study their needs, relieve their Im
mediate wants, and help them adapt them
selves to the new conditions.
Alaskan Salmon Fisheries.
The commission appointed to investigate.
during the season of 1903, the condition
and needs of the Alaskan salmon fisheries,
ho finished its work In th field, and 1
preparing a detailed report thereon. A
preliminary report reciting the measures
Immediately required for th protection and
preservation of the salmon industry has
already been submitted to the secretary of
commerce and labor for his attention and
for the needed action.
I recommend that an appropriation be
made for building lighthouses In Hawaii,
nd taking possession ot those already
built. The territory should be reimbursed
for whatever amounts It ha already ax
ponded for light-houses. Th governor
should bo empowered to suspend or re
move any official appointed by him, with
out submitting the matter to the legisla
ture, .
Th Philippine and Potto Rleo.
Of our Insular possessions th ' Philip
pines and Porto Rico It Is gratifying to say
that their steady progress has been such
as to make It unnecessary to spend much
time In discussing them. Yet the congress
hould ever keep in mind that a peculiar
obligation rests upon us to further In every
way tho welfare of these communities. The
Philippines should be knit closer to us by
tariff arrangements. It would, of course.
be Impossible suddenly to ratio the pcnpla
or tne islands to the high pitch ot indus
trial prosperity and of governmental effi
ciency to which they will in tho end by
degree attain; and the caution and mod
eration Shown in developing them have
been among the main reasons why this
development has hitherto gone cn so
smoothly. Scrupulous care ha been taken
in the choice of governmental agents, and
the entire elimination of partisan politic
from the public service. The condition of
the Islander is In material things fur bet
ter thnn ever before, while tbeir govern
mental, . intellectual, t, and moral advance
has kept pace with their material advance.
No one people' ever benefited -another peo
ple more than wo have benefited tho Fili
pino by taking possession of the Island.
Receipt of General Land Office.
The cash receipt of the general land
office for the last fiscal year wer $11,
024,743 65, an increase of $4,TG2,S16.17 over the
preceding year. Of this sum, approxi
mately, $8,461,49$ will go to the credit of
the fund for the reclamation of arid land,
making the total of this fund, up to tho
30th ot June. 1903, approximately, $16,191 ,836.
A gratifying disposition ha been avlnced
by those having unlawful tnclosures of
public land to remove their fences. Nearly
two minion acres so inclosed have been
thrown open on demand. In but compara
tively few case ha It been necessary to
go into court to accomplish this purpose.
This work will be vigorously prosecuted
until all unlawful Incloaures have bean, re
moved. Revision of Fnhllo Land Law.
Experience has shown that In the western
tate themselves, a well as In tha rest
of the country, there 1 widespread convic
tion that certain of the publlo land laws
and th 'resulting administrative practice
no longer meet the present needs. The
character and uses of the remaining publlo
lands differ widely from those of the publlo
lands which congress had especially In View
when theso laws were passed. The rapidly
increasing rate of disposal of the publlo
lands Is not followed by a corresponding
Increase In horn building. Thar 1 a
tendency to mass In large holdings publlo
lands, especially timber and grazing lands,
and thereby to retard settlement. I renew
and emphasize iny recommendation of last
year that so far as. they ar available for
agriculture in It broadest sense, and to
whatever extent they may b reclaimed
under tbe national irrigation law, th re
maining publlo lands should be held rigidly
for the home builder. The attention of
the congress Is especially directed to the
timber and stone law, the desert land law
and th commutation clausa of th home
stead law, which In their operation hav
In many respects conflicted with wis pub
lic land policy. The discussion In th con
gress and elsewhere have maue It evident
that there is a wide divergence of opin
ions between those holding opposite view
on these subjects, and that ths opposing
side hav strong and convinced represent
atives of weight both within and without
the congress th differences being not only
to matters of opinion but as to matter
of fact. In order that definite Information
may be available for th us of th con
gress I have appointed a commission com
posed of W. A. Rlchsrds, commissioner of
the general land office; Glfford Plnchnt,
chief ot the bureau of forestry of the De
partment of Agriculture, and F. H. Newell,
chief hydrographer of the geological sur
vey, to report at the earliest practicable
moment upon the condition, operation and
effect of the present land lawa snd on the
use, condition, disposal and settlement of
the public lands. The commission will re
port especially what changes In organlsa
tlon, laws, regulations and practice affect
Ing the public lands are needed to effect
the largest practicable deposition or th
publlo lands to actual settlers who will
build permanent homes upon them, and
to secure In permanence the fullest and
most effective us of the resources of the
publlo lands; and It will make such Other
report and recommendation ss its study
of these questions may suggest. Ths com
mission Is to report Immediately upon thos
point concerning which its Judgment Is
clear; on any point upon which It has doubt
it will tak th tlin necessary to inak
Investigation and reach a final judgment
Reclaiming Arid Land.
Tha work of reclamation of tha arid
lands of th west is progressing steadily
and satisfactorily under the terms of the
law setting aside the proceeds from the
disposal of public lands. The corps of en
gineers known as the reclamation service,
which la conducting the surveys and exam
inations, has been thoroughly organised.
especial pains being taken to secure under
the civil service rules a uoay or Skiuea,
experienced and efficient men. Surveys snd
examinations are progressing throughout
the. arid states and territories, plans for
reclaiming works being prepared and
passed upon by boards of engineers before
approval by tne secreiary or in interior
In Arizona and Nevada, In localities wl ere
such work Is pre-eminently ne-Jec', con
struction "ia already been begun. In
iiur aits of the arid vail. us i re
ject are well dvsnced towards the draw
Ing up of contracts, these being delayed
In part by necessities of reaching agree
ments or understanding a regard rights-of-way
or acquisition of real estate. Mosl
of the works contemplated for construction
are of national Importance, Involving In
terstate questions or th iecurlng of sta
ble, self-supporting communities In the
midst of vast tracts of vacant land. Th
nation a a whole Is. of course, the gainer
by the creation of these homes, adding as
they do to the wealth and stability of the
country, and furnishing a horn market
for the product of the east and south. The
reclamation law, while perhaps not ideal,
appears at present to answer the -larger
needs for which It Is designed. Further
legislation Is not recommended until th
necessities of chang ar mor apparent.
Preservation of Forest.'
The study ot the opportunities of recla
mation of the vast extent of - arid land
shows thnt whether this reclamation I
done by Individuals, corporations or the
tats, th source of water supply must be
effectively protected and the reservoirs
guarded by the preservation of the forest
at the headwaters of th streams. The en
gineer making the preliminary examina
tion continually emphasis this need, and
urge that th remaining publlo land at th
headwater of th Important streams of .
the west be reserved to Insure permanency
of water supply for Irrigation. Much
progress In forestry ha been made during
th past year. Th neoesslty for perpetu- ,'
atlng our forest resources, whether In pub
llo cr private hands. Is recognised now sa
never before. The domand for forest re
serves ha beoom insistent In th west,
because the west must us th water,
wood and summer range whioh only such
reserves can supply. Progressive lumber
men are striving, through forestry, to give
their uhslness permanence. Other great
business interests are awakening to th
need of forest preservation as a business
matter. Th government' forest work
should receive from tha congress hearty
support, and especially support adequate
for the protection of tbe forest reserve
against Are. The forest reserve policy ot
the government ha passed byond th ex
perimental stage and has reached a con
dition where scientific methods are essen
tial to Its successful prosecution. Tha ad
ministrative features of forest reserves are
t present unsatisfactory, being divided
between throe bureaus of two depart
ments. It 1 therefore recommended that
all matter pertaining to forest reserve,
except those Involving or pertaining to
land title, be consolidated In th bureau
of forestry of th Department of Agri
culture, Cotton Weevil.
Th cotton growlnr tatea have recently
been Invaded by a weevil that ha don
much damage and threaten the entire cot-,
ton Industry. I suggest to the congress the ,t
prompt enactment of uch remedial legis
lation as Its Judgment may approve.
Patent to Foreigner.
In granting patent to foreigner tha
proper course for thl country to follow la
to give the asm advantages to foreigners
here that tho countries In which these for
eigner tiwBll extend In return to our citi
zens; tint is, to extend th benefits of our
patent 1 iws on inventions and the like
where In eturn the article would be pat
entable In tne foreign countries concerned
where an American could get a correspond
ing patent In suoh countries.
Indian Affair.
Th Indian agents should not be depend
ent for their appointment or tenure of office
upon consideration of partisan politic;
the practice of appointing, when possible,
ex-army officers or bonded superintendent
to ths vacancies that occur Is working well.
Attention Is Invited to the widespread Illit
eracy due to lack of public schools In th
Indian territory. , Prompt heed should, be
paid to the need bt education for the chil
dren In thl territory.
Safety Appliance Law,
In my last annual message the attention
of tbe oongress waa oalled to the necessity
of enlarging the safety appliance law, and
it I gratifying to not that this lew was
amended in Important respects. With the
Increasing railway mileage of th country,
th greater number of men employed and
the use of larger". and -heavier equipment,
the argency for renewed effort to prevent
tho loss of life and limb upon the railroad
of the country, particularly to employes.
Is apparent. For the Inspection or water
craft and th ltfesavlng service upon th
water th congress has built up an elabor
ate body of protective legislation and a
thorough method Of inspection and Is an
nually spending large sums of money. It
Is encouraging to observe that the congress
Is alive to the Interests of those who are
employed upon our wonderful arteries of
commerce the railroads who so safely
transport millions of passenger and bil
lion of ton of freight. The federal in
spection of safety appliances, for whioh
the congress is now making appropriations.
1 a service analogous to that which the
government ha upheld for generations lu
regard to vessels, and It Is believed will
prove of great practical benefit, both to rail
road employes and the traveling publlo. A
the greater part of commerce Is interstate
nd exclusively under the eontrol or the
congress th needed safety and uniformity
must b secured by national legislation.
Pension.
No other das ot our citizen deserves
so well of th nation as those to whom th
To-gr mo- out'
"I am good for 10 cents"
IHtlEUKllTt.
BOYD'S
Woodward A Burgess.
Managers.
Tonight and Wednesday Night
Matine Wednesday
MRS. WIGGSOFTHE
CABBAGE PATCH
The Most Talked of KjxiMir of th Season.
Friday and Saturday Matin and Night
Melbourne MarDowelt and rlersas
ton la
"A CAFTAI OF MAVARE.M
HEAT ON 6 A Liu,
Telephone, 1631.
Uvery Xlght, Mais. 1 Uurdy, .'. tatsf
day and gnoday. y .
MODKlt VAl UKVILI.K.
Oolerhan Dogs nd Cats, Msx Waldon,
The Savans. Kelley A V!o:ett, . Herbert
Floyd. Leah Russell. Fred Stuber and the
Klnourome. . "V,1,
prices-lOc. Kc, Mo.
Thootor
29-00-70C
-. TONIGHT AT 8:15
25c
MAT.
WED.
Tha Ghppsrcos
Thursdsy Night "Cncl Torn' Cabin.'
Hkiioati.
Itrilth, Rcrelion tiil'rlMwn-OO klt,
THh PARK HOTEL. High Cin
American and European I'lan.
Finest Csfea snd Grill Hotuns went of N. T.
Murbl Hnth House. Complete Gymnasium!
(iiit-n rer. 1st to May lilt).
J. it HAYK3. L and Manager.
J. C. WALlibK. AmooUI Uana.
iffZ Pi OKIItlHTOS
