THE OMAITA DATTjY rEE; SUNDAY, JULY 2H. 1003.
18
WORK ON MISSOURI RIVER
Captain thittenden Discusses It Fntnra
Prob'.blff Eipensa
ESTIMATE FOR THE CNSUINQ TWO YEARS
Tfaree Million Dollar Seeded to Take
Care of Imnrovrmrnti I nder
War a id for New
Work Projected.
Cartnln Hiram M. Chittenden, U. B. A.,
engineer In charge of the Missouri river
Improvement work, has Jut forwarded to
the chief engineer of the War department
bis report for the year ending June 30. It
la a voluminous document, covering In de
tail the operations of toe engineers and
contractor engaged In the work, and gives
much Interesting data concerning that
which has already been achieved. The
really interesting part of the report deals
with the future of the work, sluoe the
abolition of the Missouri River commission.
On this Captain Chittenden writes:
In making future appropriations for the
river the present arbitrary dlvl-lon Into
the Upper and Lower districts, with the
dividing line at Sioux City, should be abol
ished and the river tre:tel us a wnule.
W hlle the appropriation should be based
upon estimates for illc loa.itles. It
should Itself be In a lump sum. T.ie reas m
for this Is that the river and liarb ir bill
generally covers a period of two year and
the expenditures authorized frequently ex
tend to a period of three year ironi the
date of the estimates. In an unstable
stream like the Missouri condition are
certain to arise within that per. oil requir
ing work which could not be foreseen. T.ie
appropriation should have Kuril le.it
elasticity to permit every emergency t . be
met as It arises. There could be no pos
sible reason to divert funds from any
necessary work Included In the estimates,
while at the same time it would be possible
to meet mi) ordinary exigency noi fore
seen when the estimate were prepared.
Following Is a draft of the appropriation
act which la recommended as covering the
ground and giving recognition to the prin
ciple of bank protection:
R&PAIRS AND MAINTENANCE.
Pelican Bend, Mo I 16.0"0
Howard Bend, Mo 6.W0
Murray s Menu to mouth of Uaa-
coiiade river, Missouri 2W),0JO
Wilhltes Kend, Mo 16.U00
Arrow Hock, Mo 6,1100
Miami, Mo lo.UJO
kittle Blue, Mo 7,w
Kansas City , Mo. and Kan 75,oii
Leavenworth, Kan Su,(W
Atchison, Kan 2j,UK)
St. Joseph, Mo llai.'iOO
Hulo, iseb .. lO.OUJ
Nebrasku City, Neb ijo.ooo
Omaha and Council Bluffs lii.oio
Wuux City, la 36.0U0
Klk J'olnt, S. D 7,6i)
Yankton, S. D 10,1)00
Pierre, 8. D lS.uuO
Bismarck, 8. D 12,500
Judith and Kort Benton, Mont l,uu
Total f 724,000
NEW WORK.
Howard's Bend, Mo., revetment....!
Murray's Benu to mouth Gasco
nade river, Mo., revetment
Cam across Osage chute, Missouri.
Kocheport, Mo., revetment
Wilhltes Bend, Mo., revetment
Arrow Hock, Mo., revetment
Kansas City and vicinity, Missouri
and Kansas, revetment
St. Joseph, Mo., revetment
bloux t,ity, la., revetment
Klk Point, 6. V.. revetment
Yankton, 8. D., revetment
Pierre, 8. IT, revetment
Bismarck, N. D., longitudinal dike.
Bismarck, N. D., revetment
Maunhaven, N.. 1., revetment
Judith and Fort Benton, Mont., re
vetment Add to the above for contingencies
that are liable to arise at points
which cannot now be foreseen, 20
' per cent
60,000
2UU.0O0
60,1100
luo.uuo
70.U0J
140,000
400,000
lOJ.OUO
&U.OU0
l&o,0ii0
Iwj.uoo
100,000
Km.niiO
luo.ooo
22,000
14,000
360,000
Total 12,156.000
AGGREGATE FOR TWO YEARS' WORK
Maintenance and repairs 1 724.000
New work 2,156,000
Snagging and dredging 60,oo0
Total $2,930,0J0
Say a total of J,ooo,uuQ
Poller of Future Improvement.
In my last annual renort I made the fnl
lowing reieruuce to future work on both
the upper and lower river:
"The public work on tne entire Missouri
river has been consolidated under a single
otllce. The discontinuance of the Missouri
Hlver commission and the greatly reduced
appropriations, us compared with former
years, ror botn the upper and lower river
indicate an intention on the part of con
gress to abandon the river ultogelner in
the near future. In its final report the
Missouri River commission dealt with the
work and requirements of the lower river
Inasmuch as there will not be another
river and harbor bill for two years, and
therefore, no need of present estimates
for congress to act upon, such estimates
are omitted from this report. Before the
rendition of the annual report for Won the
oflicer in charge will be prepared to submit
a comprehensive statement of the condi
tions along Use entire river, and the advisa
bility or nouadvlsublllty of further work
upon it, together with estimates, if such
work la considered necessary."
The drift of public comment upon this
subject during the past year shows unmis
takably that the action of congress above
referred to is generally considered as fore
shadowing an early abandonment of work
upon the river. There is a strong feeling
throughout the valley that such a course
will do grave Injustice to many Important
interests, and that if the true situation j
were better understood there would be less
disposition to Ignore them. In any event It
Is clear that the present Is a crisis in the
history of government work on the river.
CongresN will probably take definite action
one way or the other at the ensuing, ses
sion. It Is therefore important to submit
at this time a full report upon the sub
ject, In order that whatever action be
taken It may be with a clear understanding
of the situation us it actually exists.
Itavlgablllty of the Mlasoarl Hlver.
There is a widespread belief that the Mis
souri river Is a nonnavlgable stream; or, if
ever navigable, that it has practically
ceased to be so. As a matter of fact, no
other river in the l ulled Stales and prob
ably no other on the globe, has a record for
navigability to compare with It. It has
been navigated by steamboats for nearly
ninety years. The distance over which
these boats have piled between Fort Benton
and the mouth ol the river Is 2.286 miles.
The amount of traffic carried has been
enormous. During portions of this period,
as from 1S-10 to IKiO. some of the finest
boats ever launched upon the Inland waters
of America were to in- found upon this
stream. Cargoes of &00 tons have been
carried all the way from Bt. Iouts to Fort
Benton, and occasionally two such voyages
have been made by one boat In a single
reason a total distance traveled of more
than 10.000 miles.
All of this business was upon the stream
In Its natural condition, for at that time
no work of Improvement worthy of men
tion had been done upon It. As before
said, there Is no other river In tills coun
try that has a record to compare, wiin it.
Its pre-eminence In this respect remains
unchanged. It is as navigable today na it
ever was; for the recent- Improvements
made by the government more than offset
the obstables formed by the numerous
htligce. There is no physical obstruction
to prevent bonis from going all the way
from hi. I .outs to Fort Benton at an aver
age state of the river, Just as they uaeij
to do forty years ago.
Hot while the Missouri river Is as much
a navigable stream as It ever was, and far
more so than many streams that are being
Improved at great expense by the govern
ment, still It lias p: Helically ceased to be a
luvluated stream. Methods of transporta
tion throughout the valley' have undergone
a profound change In the lust forty years.
'1 ho many restrictions and drawbacks
which are Inseparable from the navigation
of this river have, for the present, placed
it behind the railroad as an efficient hlgh
wuy of commerce. It "' therefore passed
out, Just as every Inferior method In any
linx nf commerce or Industry Is bound to do.
lt Is not at all certain, however, that this
disappearance Is a irn-"nent thing. In the
further deve'ov'int of. the country the
cteamlinat mnv come back again Just as It
..r.oL...rf iii f r.tt-t usefulness Pi the densclv
iMipuiatrd countries of the old world. There
ire already Indications of a decided tendency
In this direct loo. Bol taken at the present
moment commerce uiwn the river la prac
tically nonexlsterv ror. rnue mere sre r
aood manv reirisfe-ea vea is noing a iocs
trade as leei'ers frr railronds. there are n
riruliir iiacVs tvorthv of consideration.
So far. therefore, ss the Improvement of
the Missouri liver r'lates to the single ob
ject of facilitating navigation, there Is not
sufficient reason fo firther appropriations
for the imi' of -nagging and
dredging In those p'retchra where boats are
in actual miration and It is the opinion
of this office that such appropriations
should be discontinued.
But til making this recommendation. It
cannot be too strongly urged that the gov
ernment.. In suspending tne policy of Im
provement so strenuously advocated by the
late Missouri ltiver commission, should not
relinquish uny of Its rign.s over the river
as a navigable stream. It should tealously
preserve every Interest pertaining to navi
gation. It should supervise the construc
tion of all bridges witn as much care ss It
dues on ajiy oilier stream. All harbor lines
snouia be '.aid out with the same prudent
forethought. All Work done on Its banks or
In lis ihiI by private parties should be In
pmsuance of uuly a..Uiorised plans. The
.mment snoum conseive an its ugiiis.
est it make trouble for itself hereafter. Io
one can ioieull what the future may bring
mi. 1'ians tor use of the river in colu
mn vial projects are coming constantly to
light, and It Is to be expected, as the coun
try develops, and local traffic becomes nune
Important, that the stream will Hguln he
utilised In carrying freight. If It Is not. It
will he an exception among trie navigable
rivers In thickly populated portions of the
globe. 1 ne government should therefore
keen In mind the possibility or future re
sumption of navigation on this stream and
not take any action trial may impair us
control thereof.
Protection of Rlparlaa Property.
1 he foregoing views and recommendations
rest solely upon the basis of lae present
commercial value of this stream; tney uo
not relate al all to the real question of
lunher Improvement of the river as a pub
lic work unsigned to prumotu tne weitare
of the community at large. As a matter
of fact, there are reasons of a most press
ing character why tile government hho.ild
not, and. In Justice to a large section of
Its citizenship, cannot abiimion Its work
there, it should radically change the pur
pose and character of that work, but the
work I Use f should unquestionably proceed.
This river Is In the most emphatic sense a
public, Interstate waterway. It belongs to
the government; It cannot belong to any
other agency. The government is In a sent-e
responsible for its behavior and cannot
shut tnat responsibility, morally at le.ist,
by simply refusing to appropriate money
to take care of It.
Of all rivers In this country, and probably
of all In tiie world, the Missouri Is the
most ueswuciive oi piopeiiy muiig
banks. The wholly alluvial character oi'
its valley, cuuplcu Willi Its siecv shqe,
causes ll to be e.er cnanging it channel,
cuulng into the lands on either slue an 1
working destruction which Imliv.dual e.fori
Is powerless to prevent. The soil oi ihj
valley Is magnificently rich and as settle
ment Increases tne continuous ravage of
the stream are becoming an evil whlo i
calls loudly for a remeuy. The destructive
character of the great floods of the Missis
sippi has led congre.-s to take up the sys
tematic control ol that stream. But these
floods come only at long Intervals, whereas
the destruction cau.-eu by the Mis ouii
river is continuous. Even in the winter
season on the lower river It does not en
tirely cease. Great flooils concentrate pub
lic attention because the loss and suffering
are all displayed In a single exhibition and
In a way to make a deep Impression. On
the Missouri the loss is going on year in
and year out, and Is so common and con
tinuous that it scarcely arrests attention.
A man's property, the result of ye rs of
labor, may be washed away In a few weeks,
leaving him practically ptinnlies.i, yei It.
would probably pass unnoticed as being a
matter of no public Interest. This condi
tion of things prevails tilt along the lira t
l.ooo miles of river. Property is in Jeopardy
everywhere, values are not what they
should be, conveyancing is imperiled and
the proper development of this natural
garden country is indefinitely delayea.
Not infrequently great hardship results
through ignorance of the habits of the
stream, for no one who has not long dwelt
on Its borders has any idea or Its migratory
character. A man purchasing land In the
valley, but far away from the river, cannot
be supposed to know that some day the
river may invade his land. Yet he Is very
likely to find, after It Is too late, that he
has lost his Investment by the mere
caprices of nature, and without any lack
of reasonable foresight on his part. It la
uouuuui ii in any oiner pari oi ine country
there is more suffering from causes beyond
Individual control, or more patnellc ex
amples of hardship from the operations
of the forces of nature, than along the
entire valley of the lower Missouri river
Remedial Agencies.
The situation Is one that must be met
sooner or later with some adequate remedy.
and the question now Is what shall this
remedy be? it cannot be tne private in
dividual. He is practically helpless, for
the destructive agencies extend above and
below, and to resist them at his particular
locality would be to lose the cost of his
efforts and his property as well. Neither
Is it ordinarily practicable to do the work
by combined effort. The difficulty of mak
lug a sufficient combination among, prop
erty owners to be effective la practically
Insuperable, and such work la alway
bound to be of the cheapest possible
character whlcn serves only an lm
mediate purpose, and soon leaves the1
situation as bad as it was before. Munlcl
pa Hues and counties meet the same
difficulty, for as a general thing the
destructive agencies extend beyond their
Jurisdiction and they are liable to find
their efforts nullified because they could
not be carried as far as they should be
The states themselves will never go Into
the work of protecting the banks of an
Interstate waterway.
The only agency to which this duty nat
urally and rightfully belongs, and the only
one that has the authority and resources to
carry it out. Is the general government,
There Is no duty pertaining to its public
works that is more deuely grounded in Jus
tice. Every argument that will Justify levee
construction on thg Mississippi applies witn
even greater force to the case here In ques
tion, for the works proposed, as will pres
ently appear, not only serve the purpose of
protection, out or improvement oi tne cnan
nel as well, whereas the levees can exercise
no appreciable Influence on the navigable
condition of the channel. The government
owes ll as a duty to tne people or tne val
ley to keep this destructive stream within
bounds, to lift the mortgage which It holds
upon the land along Its shores. It is a duty
which cannot be shirked except at the cost
or doing positive wrong to tne people.
It Is idle to grant to private parties the
privilege or aelf-derense, for, aa has been
shown, self-protection is practically Imnos-
slble. To say, as Is often said, that the
I
and is not worth the cost of nrotectlnr It.
Is little more than mocking at a hapless
situation. The statement is not true, in the
first place, if looked at In a broad sense, as
a work whose influence extends into the
indefinite future. ,
Moral Olillgatloa Involved
Even If It were true. Is the government
going to adopt the alternative of paying for
the lands which the river destroys? The
question useu carries its own answer.
Moreover, the merit of the work should not
be measured strictly by the relation of its
first cost to the vaiue of the property pro-
lecieu. n wouia oe as reasonable to urge
that a highwayman should not be brought
to trial and punishment, or a civil wrong le
adjusted by the courts, because the outlay
to the state might be greater than the value
of the property Involved.
Again, it is sometimes urged that land
cut away In one place is built up in an
other, so that the grand aggregate Is not
affected. Here again the parallel of . the
nignwayman is the most convincing an
swer. Property wrested by force from one
Individual und given to another Is not de
stroyed. The sum total remains the same.
But could the security of society and the
prosperity of a community exist on that
basis 7 do along Its valley the river is an
unrestrained highwayman, robbing from
one to give to another, with, years of loss
to the community during the transfer. The
operation of such a system may be seen
in tne condition or land values along the
valley whtoh are in many places 60 to 75
per cent less than they should be.
it is the general government alone which
has the necessary authority and resources
to cope with this situation. As before
said, it Is a responsibility that cannot be
shifted. The evil Is one which will con
tinually press for a remedy. Petitions for
relief come from nearly all parts of the
valley. Sooner or later the government
will have to undertake the control of this
stream, and it will lie for Its own ultimate
advantage to take it up systematically and
without delay. It should abandon the policy
upon which the work has hitherto been
conducted, but not the work Itself, which
should be entered upon a new or more
rational basis.
Caglaeerlna Problem Involved.
As a practical engineering problem, that
of protecting the banks of the Missouri
river may oe considered as oennueiy
solved. The standard bank revetment, de
veloped during twenty years' experience. Is
a thoroughly successful method. Eveu for
the purpose of Improving the channel It Is
undoubtedly more effective than any other
form of work. If the past experience on
the river has shown on thing more clearly
than another. It la that the Missouri river
can le more easily coaxed than driven:
that It will follow a smooth, even banll
that has been carefully revetted better than
It will yield to a bold obstacles thrust
bodily Into Its channel. The plant required
for revetment work is simple. The willows
on the sandbars and the rock in the bluffs
are practically all the material required.
The work ut present costs $10 per running
foot. Including office and all other ex
penses; but In large amount and with a
specially designed plant, this figure would
probably be reduced.
Method of Procedure.
In regard to the method of dealing with
the problem, the policy of proceeding by
continuous reaches shculd 1h definitely
abandoned. The only Justification for such
a policy is the theory that this work is
solely (or the benent of commerce, and
that theory will no longer Justify any work.
Ou the theory ot bauk rolecUoa the funds.
would be had In a practical war to meet
nil existing situation. Where destruction
of the banks Is going on. there work would
be done. After enough had been done to
st v the destruction ffectlvely anil to
secure the work, no further expenditure
should be made. Al I attempts to
regulate., or 'rectify." the ohsnnel by
hemming It In within Axed limits should
be abondoned. Lt the streams hsve
its natural bed to exercise Its peculiar
habits in as It chooses. But place the limit
of its performances at the main banks and
wheneve.- It attacks them be there to meet
It. In this way relief will be brought where
I. lost needed. Every dollar .will be ef
fectively snd usefully employed, and at
the saline time these detached works. In
the course of vears, will form connections
with one another or with the stable bluffs
snd the river will be confined within
rensonahle limits.
The onlv places where there Is any Im
mediate necessity of regulating the river
within fixed nnd narrow limits are along
the fronts of large cities. In such pUces
harbor lines should las laid down and the
necessary work done, but In general the
value of accretions Is so great that private
capital will do the necessary work
Cost of the Work.
The full magnitude of the work, ns out
lined above, would not be lis great ss
might at first sight appear. It Is n. not
that the river tends to cling to these
smooth banks, and without any attempt
to train It by force, it would grow more
and more Into a regular habit of flow.
F.vcrv mile of revetment built would not
only servo Its own Immediate end but les
sen the tendency of the river to ao damage
ut other points In Its vicinity. On the
whole, It will prolinMy never be necessary
tr. gin mnr wrirlt thnn the efllllvalent Of TC-
vctlng a single bank of the river, ana
probably a century would elapse before
even this amount of work would be necOH-
nary. It Is believed that, after the work is
well on Its way, and existing works are
thoromrhlv renaired. SLUM. 000 a year will
satisfy the requirements of the work along
the entire river.
Mnagglng and Dredalngr.
,For the exclusive benefit of navigation no
work should be done except where boats
are in actual oueratlon ana tnii wora
should consist only or snugging anu ori
Inir ' he last river and harbor Dill Ul
reeled tnat an examination be made of
that portion of the Missouri river lelow
Sioux tltv. la., "with u view to ascertain
ing whether navigation can be obtained at
a reasonable coBt by dieiglng and the
removal of obstacles. It has not been
practicable, on account of tne cost, to
nuild and equip a dredge uoui to mane
this experiment with and It Is not believed
that It Is necessary to do so. ExisUng
data are sufficient to answer the question.
HnagKing has been systematically carried
on tor many years and there Is no question
of tne great value of this Improvement
Wherever boats are running. 11 is noi
auvlsable to attempt sucn work anywhere
else. Tne snna boats have done a greit
deal of work which has been inaccurately
called sluicing washing a channel through
bars by means of the wheels of the boats.
The success of this crude method and tho
experience with dredges on the Mississippi
prove the great practical utility oi mis
form of Improvement. For the present it
Is not' even recommended to purchase or
build a dredge bout, but simply to operate
two snug boats, one on each section of the
river, iiie operation oi inese iwo dolus
should be Dald from special continuing ap
propriations, as Is done on the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers.
Maintenance of Existing; Works.
Apart from the question of new work of
future policy or improvement is tnat oi
what should be done with the works al
ready built. There is now in existenoe
along the river work whose aggregate
cost Is probably 6,ooo,ouo. A large part of
this work is doing service, witn greater
or less effect, in protecting the bottom
lands. It Is a matter of great moment
to the people along the valley whether It
is going to be preserved or abandoned.
In not a fpw cases new lands hav been
created and have become private property
and nave been Dougnt and sold, it is a
serious proposition to abandon the works
by which these lands have been created
and turn them over to the mercy of the
river, it Is difficult to see by what color
of right the government can do this, ami
in the view of this omce it snouia not
do it. but should make adequate provision
for maintenance. An estimate for this
purpose is submitted herewith.
(1) The Missouri river is In every par
ticular of its physical condition as naviga
ble a stream as It has ever been.
(2) The commerce, which at one time
reached enormous proportions, has prac
tically ceased to exist, and there is small
probability of its early return.
(3) The continuation . of "systematic lm
provement" of the river solely for the
benefit of navigation Is no longer Justifiable
and appropriations for that exclusive pur
pose should cease, except aa specified In
the next section.
(4) All appropriations intended solely for
the benent of commerce should be confined
to snagg nsr and dredging. This work
should be placed by law upon the same
basis as that of slmller work on the Ohio
nnd Mississippi, and not depend upon spe
rlHn nnnronriations for the river.
iki Tii. situation along the entire valley,
as regards the destruction of property by
the river, and the loss, hardship and suffer
ing caused thereby, calls attention at the
hands of congress. It Is a situation with
which the government alone can deal In
any adequate manner. It Is a matter of
common Justice to the communlUea that
dwell along the river that they receive
some consideration from congress, and that
money be appropriated to protect them from
the ravages of this stream.
On Legitimate Basis.
(6) The work of protection stands upon a
thoroughly legitimate basis as a part of
the expenditures on rivers and harbors
more so than does the construction of
levees along the Mississippi, for in the
latter caae the work is for protection only
and does not improve the navigation of the
river, whereas the works proposed for the
Missouri not only protect property, but are
the most effective works of all hi improv
ing the channel of the river.
(7) The work of protection should consist
mainly of standard revetment and should
be put in wherever occasion for ita use
arises without any reference to the
"systematic" and continuous improvement
of the river. No attempt should be made
to narrow the general width of the river
between the main banks, but it should not
be permitted to Invade the banks them
selves. Each caae should be treated by
""xl'i 'arbor lines should be carefully
established along the fronta of all large
iti confining the river to a definite
section sufficient oniy io carry us uutuii
at high stages.
iu, Th o-overnment should retain and
exercise full control over all questions of
bridges and other works constructed by
private partita on the river, and should
permit nothing to be done that can be
detrimental to the interests of navigation,
should these ever assume greater Impor
tance than at present.-
(10) The extensive works constructed
.i,.n. th Miseoiirl river during the past
twenty vears are serving a useful purpose
In the protection of valuable bottom lands.
They should not be abandoned, but ample
provision ahould be made for their care
ana maintenance.
m
So Women
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RELKilOl S.
Bob Burdette has accepted a call to be
the pastor of a Baptlt church In
Angeles. As a humorist he always trained
with another denomination.
The pone has conferred the degree of
doctor of divinity upon Ilev. Father James
I- Meagher, president of the rhrlstlun
Press Association Publishing company of
New York.
Perhaps the oldest members of any
church choir In the country are John Z.
lohst and his wife of Emons. Pa. Mr.
T..t.ut lm,. twen a memlier of the choir In
the Moravian church for an uninterrupted
period of fifty-seven years. Mr. lobst has
belonged to the same choir for fifty-two
vnari and sinas as excellent a mexso
contralto today as ever.
Hev Wlnfred Phesney Rhoades, pastor of
the Eliot Congregational churcn, Huston,
nri Tir. Melville 8. l"aae of Mount Vernon,
N Y.. have planned to mage a tour oi
v.nrland. Scotland. Ireland. Belgium and
Holland. Their tour will be out of the
ordinary lines, for they will see much of
the country awheel and on foot, their
oliWt beine: to study the life and habits
of all classes nf people. They sailed on
the steamship Mesaba on July is anu win
be absent a couple of months.
Edward Davis, for several years pastor of
the Central C hristian cnurcn or uaaiana.
Cal., has forsaken the pulpit and entered
upon a stage career. He has written a
"liny with a purpose" and will himself
auiime the leadlnc role. Practically re
versing this process, James Barton, a lead
ing player in tne lirana napias central
ihiu base ball team, Is about to discard
tils uniform for the robes of priesthood. He
has been a professional base ball player for
years, but has devoted his spare time to
atudy.
Rev. W. W. BustaYd. pastor of a Bant Is
ehnreh In Boston, now filling the Madison
Avenue Baptist church pulpit. New Yurk
Cliv In the absence of Key. Or. Lorlmer.
la an athletic six footer. On his way to the
church the other evening he saw two men
belaboring eaco oiner w:in ciuoa. 11
lm on his
PRATTLE. OP TUB YOUNGSTERS.
"Oh, mamma," exclaimed little Elsie on
seeing a calf for the first time, "that must
be -tine of the little cow that give
condensed milk!" v
i
A little girl waa in tho habit of ending
her prayer by asking for a doien rela
tives, naming each of them. But being very
sleepy one evening she closed aa follows:
And please, God, blesa papa and mamma
and the rest of the crowd. Amen."
Johnny Papa, who was Horace Greeley T
Papa He waa a famous editor, Johnny.
Johnny And did he write the base ball
news?
Papa-?o, I don't believe he did.
Johnnr Huh! He couldn't have been
much of an editor, then.
TeacherWHlle, if one horse can run a
mile In two minutes and another horse
can do it In throe minutes, how far apart
will they be at the end of eight miles?
Willie Madam. I was brought up strictly.
Above all things my parents have warned
me to avoid racing. Consequently I can
not answer your question.
Dromotly collared the one thst seemed to
be having the better of It. laid hlrr
back and sat on him. "It wasn t a very
dignified proceeding on my jart," he ex
f lained to his congregation, "but It seemed
o me to be the only thing to do." And
the congregation, tuateaa oi ucwg an oca to.
UugaeU.
if tTri . M
e Jesi t??- ih(!$&2b - 22r 1-1
TABLE AND KITCHEN
President Roosevelt's son Kermlt haa a
face of the gravest solemnity, which, when
he was a little chap, gave a humorous
turn to everything he said. One day the
children came running Into Mr. Roosevelt's
den In the greatest excitement over a snake
they had seen. Teddy, Jr., was so worked
up over the glitter of the reptile's eye, as
it swayed its head, hlBsing and darting
out Its-fiery tongue, that all he could get
breath to say was:
"Oh, papa. It had a head such a head
I wish you could have seen the thing's
head!"
'Well," said Mr. Roosevelt, "and didn't
It have a tail?"
Kermlt, standing wide-eyed beside his
brother, looked Into his father's face and
said solemnly: "It was a tall."
Tha New York Times tells this story
about a country surgeon who once had
three leg amputation cases In a week. The
unusual number of serious and similar
operations naturally caused talk In the sur
geon's household and bla little daughter was
greatly Interested. A few days after the
last operation the surgeon's wife and
daughter were rummaging In the attic. In a
trunk was found a daguerreotype depicting
a girl of about I years of age. The portrait,
through a peculiarity of pose, showed only
one leg of the subject, the other being
doubled up under her In a manner truly
feminine.
"'Whose picture Is that, mamma?" asked
the surgeon's daughter.
"Mine. It was taken when I was a child
not much older than you are now. .
"Did you know papa then?"
"No, dear. Why do you ask?"
"I thought maybe you did, 'cause you've
only got one leg.''
Mess,
SUN DAT.
BREAK FAST.
Iced Melon.
Cereal. Cream.
Broiled Spring Chicken.
Bulked New Potatoes.
French Popovers. Co (Too.
DINNER,
Cucumber Soup.
Braised Spring Chicken.
Mashed New Potatoes.
Stuffed Tomatoes.
Creamed Cauliflower.
Cherry and Nut Salad Mayonnaise.
Green Apple Pie. Cheese.
Coffee.
SUPPER.
Creamed Mushrooms on Toast.
English Muffins. Pineapple Salad.
Sliver Cake. Prussian Tec
Recipes.
Scalloped Corn Butter a pudding dish
well; put In a layer of cooked com out
from the cub, first sooting tlie grain and
then scraping out the pulp; put a layer In
the dish; season with salt and pepper;
cover with buttered crumbs, or cover with
pluln crumbs, dotted with bits of butter;
then another layer of corn, more crumbs
and continue in this way until dish Is full,
with buttered crumbs on top. Add a cup
of sweet cream and bake for half an hour.
Corn Pudding Score ten ears and scrape
out the pulp. Add the beaten yolks of five
eggs, one quart of sweet milk, four ounces
of butler, melted, and seasoning of sail,
pepper and a tableapoonful of sugar. Mix
thoroughly and then stir In lightly the
beaten whites of the eggs. Turn Into a
well buttered pudding dish and bake for
an hour with cover on, until pudding is
nearly done, then remove and let the top
brown.
Corn In Tomato Cups Select firm, round,
ripe tomatoes, cut a slice from the top
and scoop out the seeds, and fill the
tomatoes with cooked corn cut from the
cob and nicely seasoned with salt and
pepper. Put a lump of butter on top of
each one, place them on a buttered, shal
low dish and bake in a moderately hot oven
for forty-five minutes. Serve plain or with
a cream sauce.
Green Corn Boiled Strip off all the husk
and carefully pick off the silk, trim off the
stem and top. Put the corn In boiling un
salted water and allow to boll for ten
minutes if young and tender, fifteen If old.
Drain free from all water and serve on a
folded napkin; sprinkle the corn with salt
and fold the ends of the napkin over to
keep hot. If the corn has been standing
over a day add a tablespoonful of sugar to
the water In which it Is boiled but do not
add salt.
Pried Corn Carefully cut the corn from
sis ears of sweet corn, being careful not
to take any of the cob with It and have the
grains separata Fry in Just enough butter
to keep It from sticking to the pan, being
careful to stir very often. When a nloe
brown add bait g cup of sweet cream and
salt and pepper to taste. Do not place on
the fire after you have added the cream,
as ft will curdle. Serve In a hot dish. A
very nice luncheon or breakfast dish.
Old Fashioned Roasting' Ears Take off
all but the lukf-layer of husks, make a
place clean m front of a wood lire In the
ashes, lay the corn down and turn when
the lower side is done; serve with salt and
butter. It can also bo rousted on a grid
Iron over a bright fire of coals by watching
carefully and turning when one side Is
done. Do not allow it to burn, aa it will
be bitter.
Stewed Corn and Tomatoes Strip oft all
the husks from the corn and carefully free
from all silk. Split down each row of
kernels with a sharp knife and shaVe off
the cob. Place the corn In a saucepan,
cover with hot water and simmer slowly
for five minutes. To every pint of corn
add a tablespoonful of butter, season with
salt and pepper to taste, then add one
oup of peeled and chopped tomatoes. Bring
to the boiling point and cook twenty
minutes and serve In covered dish. Roll
the butter In flour before adding If there
Is too much liquid.
Baked Corn Use only fresh, tender ears
of green corn of equal slr.e. Remove all
silk, but not the husk. Tie the husks
around the ears carefully with clean white
cord. Place the corn In a hot oven and
bake until tender, about twenty minutes.
Serve on a napkin, removing the husks
before serving.
Green Corn Cakes Add to 'one pint of
corn pulp two well beafen eggs, stir In
one tablespoonful of flour end one of corn
starch, season with salt and pepper and
beat thoroughly. Bake a light brown on
a hot griddle. These cakes can be made
of canned corn finely chopped by adding
two tablespoon fills of milk, canned corn
being less moist than the green.
Corn Balls Take one cup of corn that
haa been cut through the kernels and then
scraped from the cob, add to this two
beaten eggs, half a cup of milk, quarter
of a oup of flour, half a teaapoonful of
baking powder, salt to taste. Butter small
cups and fill three-quarters full of the
mixture; steam thirty minutes. Serve with
roust beef or friend ham.
Corn Porridge Take young, tender green
corn and cut from the cob. To each two
nnd a half cups of corn add one quart of
sweet milk. Put the milk and corn into
a double boiler and cook until perfectly
tender, then add bits of butter dredged In
flour and cook five minutes longer take
from the fire and stir In the beaten yolks'
of two eggs, let boll up, and serve hot.
Add some butter If desired, sugar und nut
meg If liked.
Don'ts Hegardlusl Wrinkles.
Don't let a day pass without relaxing
limbs, muscles and expression.
Don't frot and worry these are the
best cosmetics. Worry is called our na
tional disease, and "Americana Is" la Its
distinctive name.
Don't "putter;"' either work, rest or play.
"Puttering" Is twin sister to worrying.
Don't put too much of yourself Into the
ordering of the household or the manage-
melll Ul iri vauva 11
fagged jhceks and hollow eyes at a dis
tance. Don't exhaust all your reserve force over
petty cares. Each time that a woman
loses control over her nerves she moves a
fraction of an Inch farther on In the path
that leads to premature old age.
Don't forget that an ounce of prevention
la worth several pounds of cure. It Is
better to beglln to take care of complex
ions before they begin to show wear and
tear.
Don't think It supernal urally virtuous to
disregard beauty. The divine gift of beauty
U u arcond great blessing of life health
being the first.
M MIGDTIHIEIB
Is an ordeal which all
women approach with
indescribable fear, for
nothing compares with
the pain and horror of
child-birth. Thethourrht
of the suffering and danger in store for her, robs the expectant mother
of all pleusant anticipations of the coming event, and casts over her a
shadow of gloom which cannot be shaken off Thousands of women
have found that the use of Mother's Friend during pregnancy robs
confinement of all pain and danger, and insures safety to life of mother
and child. This scientific liniment is a god-send to all women at the
time of their most critical trial. Not only does Mother's Friend
carry women safely through the perils of child-birth, but its use
gently prepares the system for the coming event, prevent "morning
sickness," and other dis
comforts of "this period.
Sold by all druggut at bULWJS
fi.oo per bottle. Book e
containing valuable information free.
Tbe Bradfield Regulator Co., Atlanta, C.
