City and Its
It ' I time of Washington methods of
I 4 .x,,,! t j .... n.i.m Ilia aimn
They wore limited to the horse
and wagon, oars and sail. Then
one century outdid tldrty and added first
tlio railroad and steamboat, nnd then, with
a rush, the trolley, the bicycle, the auto
mobile and perhaps the balloon. It is
nlmost the same with methods of commu
nication. In thirty centuries we Rained
only the printing press, but this one cen
tury gives us the telegraph, the postal
service, the telephone, the phonograph and
tho mn.reonlgraph.
If we turn now to charity we find that
from tho earliest days until almost the
present time charity had but two forms,
largess and custody. These were Illumi
nated by the devoted personal service of
good men ond women, but this personal
Bervico, liko the forces of steam nnd elec
tricity, though not new In the world, did
not find effective expression until our own
day. largess slowly grew more Intel
ligent and custody grew more humane,
and even curative; but these still remained
the type. The new charity In Its reaction
almost goes so far as to discountenance
both. The re-actlon against alms was for a
time excessive. Charity organisation so
cieties are beginning to realize this, and
are now placing more emphasis upon the
Value of relief, and less upon Its dangers.
For the last two decades the protest
against mere alms, unaccompanied by per
sonal work, has been Incessant, but the
protest against institutions Is more recent.
Not only Is the cottage system now pre
ferred to the congregate, but there Is a
disposition to have as little custody as
possible; to place children In foster homes
Instead of in orphan asylums; to lessen
(Copyright, 1903, by K. B. Warner.)
raTKAVKLEt was cutting his way
through the jungle which clothes
- - the peak of Mount Diablo, in the
West Indian Island of Jamaica.
MP WVJ Suddenly he halted, with uplifted
machete
"Fee-fee, so tender. Fee-fee, so-o-o-o
tender."
It was the call of the ground dove, nnd
seemed to come from a low bush a few
yards to his left. Away in the distance
he heard tho answering call of the ground
dove's mate.
Peering through the bushes the traveler
saw not a bird, but a man. He was lying
on tho grass In a small clearing, warbling
the ground dove's call ns jwrfectly as If
he were a ground dove himself. The an
swering call grew nearer and nearer, and
presently the female ground dove flew into
the clearing, perched unhesitatingly on
the mnr3 hand and talked to him as if
he were her mate.
This man whom the birds of wood and
forest treat as one of themselves Is nn
American named Charles Penlson Kellogg.
He was born in California, the son of a
"forty-niner," who used to be known at
the "Grand Old Man of the Mines." From
infancy he was a dreamy, impractical
child, with a great love and tenderness
for nil living things. In boyhood he used
to lie down in the woods and listen to the
birds Instead of going to school or playing
with other lads.
All his life he has studied the languago
and habits of the dwellers In the woods
in preferer ce to those of his fellow men.
He could tuke rank as the greatest living
authority on birdlife if he chose to write
about birds instead of living among them
and learning more about them.
"Imagine," said a friend of his, "a hu
man being calling birds to him and under
Standing nil the little worries and troubles
In their seemingly careless lives. Could
anything be more wonderful? He can tell
you all aliout their woolngs and their love
songs, all about the long-drawn, happy
notes of the mother bird, who has Just
hatched her young. His face in those
moments tells the Interesting story of his
lonely, yet happy life with his feathered
friends in the forests of the far west and
the jungles of the tropics.
There is not a bird note which Mr. Kel
lorrg cannot Imitate pel fectly. He does not
whistln or sing the notes, as an ordinary
nana would do; he warbles them exactly
like the bhds.
"It is not Imitation." he tells his friends.
"To put it briefly and badly, nature has
given rro a bird-throat. I cannot explain
It no laxly can. Many scientists have ev
amir.ed my throat and listened to my notes
anil trills. They ull confess themselves
puzzled. They say there is something pe
culiar in the formation of my throat which
enables me to sing like birds without
merely imitating them. I have never met
another man who possesses this curious
gift "
Mr. Kellogg spends the greater part of
th ar camplm; out la the wo la n'oi.
or wi'h his wife another enthu'i is'li- ! ii-d-lovcr
and lerhars a sympathetic iii.-rrl liW
Mr Jinn Hurrr .n?hs. lie has Ir'v.i-d all
over Ncl'h America, from Aliski to
Mexico, making friends with all sorts v l
conditions of birds, and he has also pilciu-d
Dependents
the term of confinement In prison by trying
probation before imprisonment, Jid parole
ufter it; and even with tho insane and
other classes of defectives to try board In
decent homes instead of the more or less
unnatural institution life.
Kit her unwise relief or unwl.'c custody
will do more harm than good, but the
latter is on the whole less open to abuso
than the former, and the doctrine of the
present day Is that city governments
should support Institutions for "indojr
relief" of the poor, or for the sick, but
should Rive no relief outside of institutions.
No outside relief Is now given by New
York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, St. Inuls,
li.iltlmore, Washington, San Francisco,
New Orleans, Kouisvtlle or Kansas City,
and In our other large cities the amount
of public outside relief Is steadily decreas
ing. In New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia
and Washington city outdoor relief was
abandoned after it had been given for
years. It is now generally agreed that
this form of relief Is better left to the
more flexible and personal methods of pri
vate charity. In private charity wo are
not so apt to have the bare gift without
the giver, but the giver follows his giving
with continuous care; and, moreover, in
private charity, love. Ingenuity and
patience will often lind substitutes for lclief
which help more safely.
These substitutes for relief are the glory
of modern charity. In both public and
private charity it is being realized that
cure is better than care, but that preven
tion is better than cure. Vaster sunn are
Icing given In charity than ever before,
but they are going largely to libraries, to
Industrial schools and to reforma tores.
The good Samaritan is no longer the very
highest type of charity. Beautiful and
rare as such personal charity is, it has
Wonderful Man Who Talks with Birds
his tent In Jamaica and other West Indian
islands In search of birds which have been
exterminated in the United States, such as
the blue heron.
Ho Is not fond of taking people with
him into the woodland; he will take no on?
unless he knows that person is a lover of
birds. He Jrei'ts the birds as a gentleman
treats his friends, introducing only desir
able acquaintances to them. Men who havo
accompanied him into the woods spe.ik
with imazement of his Intimacy with every
thing that flies.
"The moment wo entered the shady pre
cincts of the woodland," said Stephen
Chalmers, a plantation overseer, who ac
companied him on one of his expeditions
In Jamaica, 'Kellogg's manner chang?d.
He had been talking to mo about his ad
ventures in various parts of America, but
Instan.ly he forgot my very existence and
bexin calling to his beloved birds. What
puzzled me was that the birds seemed to
know him.
"Somewhere among the trees a wood
pecker called. The call was answered,
seemingly by another bird where Kellogg
was standing. Again the woodpecker
called, and again It was replied to.
" 'Did you do that?' I asked in amaze
ment. "Kellogg did not reply. He was staring
at the trees. In a little while a tiny wood
pecker lluttered on to a tree near to us, and
then on to Kellogg's outstretched hand. It
looked up into his face, opened its little
beak and talked volubly to him, while hi
talked back. They kept up a friendly con
versation for several minutes and then the
woodpecker flew away. I don't know what
he said to It, but it seemed to me that hi
was asking about the health and prosperity
of its brothers of the woodland.
"Presently we saw a black-and-golden
banana bird fluttering around a plantain
blossom. It suddenly stopped and uttered
Us sweet call, 'Tom Paine! Tom Paine!"
Kellogg Instantly responded, and the bird
looked at him and flew rearer. Then, for
quite five minutes, they kept up an ani
mated, melodious conversation. At last
tho gaudy-colored bird Hew away, and at
the same moment the naturalist wheeled
around and replied to the 'Coo-coo-coo-coo
of a dove In a cottonwool tree."
When he is asked to explain the reason
of this instinctive friendship between him
self end the birds Kellogg replies:
"It is love. Anybody who goes Into the
woods with the spirit of love In his heart,
and without the faintest deslie for destruc
tion or for possession, can make frtendi
with the birds, if he is moderately tactful
and patient. Birds can read the heart bet
ter than men can. They know their friends
and are ready to love them.
"In all my travels I have never carried a
gun and have never found It necessary to
harm bird, beast or mnn. The man who
carries a gun in wild parts Is likely to
make trouM- for himself; the man without
firearms is practically certain to find peace
and a warm welcome wherever he goes."
Mr. Kellogg owns a big Newfoundland
dug, which usually accompanies him on his
expeditions Into the woods. Hi hits taught
It from T':r pvhood to love all living things
ns he himself loves them. Wild birds will
pen h i 'i this dog's head as they do on the
be d of its mafter.
Once the Newfoundland found a sparrow
By Frederick Almy,
National Conference
been cleverly said that it would have been
UU Utter charity to keep tho road to
Jericho free from thieves. This would
have been not merely wiser, but also kinder
for the man who was set upon and robbed.
Cities now know that a good pcllce de
partment and good scnool ana iieaiin depart
ments will lessen poverty. The police and
health departments decrease crime nnd
disease and the school department Increase's
education. In Huso ways they lessen
puuperism Instead of relieving it. Munic
ipal libraries, playgrounds, baths, kinder
gartens and manual schools and municipal
lodging houses all help to reduce vice and
pauperism. Municipal summer concerts
compete with the more dangerous attrac
tions of the salotn. Municipal tenement
bouse ordinances, and In Greater New York
the pdmirable Tenement House Commis
sion, are routing poverty In Its chief strong
hold. Where municipal ordinances will not
sufnee the state often steps In, with com'
pulsory education laws, and laws regulat
ing the employment of women and children
In factories and stores and on the streets.
Hereafter, for instance, In New York and
Buffalo, boys under 14 cannot p,e'
papers late at night, and boys under If.
cannot sell nt all. In city after city
juvenile courts are being established, so
that delinquent children will be saved from
all contact with adult vice. Through
probation they are given a chance to
reform, while a personal Influence is
brought to bear to which Uie children
respond wonderfully.
Most cr all of the measures Just men
tioned were first tested by private philan
thropy, and even where the action has
been othclal it has often been on the motion
of a society or individual. The charity
organization societies and settlements alone
are responsible for much good social work
with a broken wing fluttering on the ground
and pounced upon it.
"Ah!" thought Mr. Kellogg, "tho desire
for prey has broken out again, and the
teaching of years Is undone."
But It was not so. The dog lifted the
sparrow gently In its mouth and bore It
unharmed to Its master, evidently desiring
him to mend tho broken wing. The bird
was In hospital for some time, and every
day the dog visited it to inquire sympa
thetically how the wing was getting on.
When at last the bird flew away its canine
friend barked joyously and rolled on the
ground with delight. More marvelous still,
the sparrow returned several times to pay
a friendly call on the dog.
Now and then Mr. Kellogg emerges from
the woods to visit his friends and give a
few lectures on blrdcraft. Ho is an un
practical man, quite out of tune with the
age in which he lives. Ho cares nothing
for money. He would Just as soon lecture
for nothing as for pay. His only purpose
in lecturing Is to teach people to under
stand and love birds as he does, and in this
he Is successful. Sportsmen go away from
his lectures vowing they will not slaughter
another bird, and women make up their
minds never to wear another feather In
their hats.
A fashionable woman, wearing a bird In
her bonnet, sat in tho front row of the
audience, at one of Mr. Kellogg's lectures.
As he talked aliout the romance and
tragedy of bird life, making the loves and
sorrows of his feathered friends seem as
real to lils hearers ns their own, people
looked at the offensive bonnet with re
proachful eyes. The poor woman blushed
vividly and tried to remove the bird fur
tively. At last the lights were turned down
to enable lantern slides to be shown, and
when they were turned up again the bird
had disappeared from the bonnet.
"I never felt so bad In my life," said
the woman afterward. "The people looked
at me as if they would have liked to treat
me as the bird had been treated. But that
was not the worst of it. I felt such a
monster. I'll not wear another bird or
another feather as long as I live."
Animals as well ns birds love Mr. Kellogg
on sight. He visited a house where a
fierce dnschshund was kept. The dog al
ways flew at strangers and had bitten sev
eral. 'Take care," cried the host, as Kellogg
walked Into the garden. "The dog's loose."
The dog, hearing a strange footstep,
rushed out intent on slaughter. But when
It saw the Callfornlan sdvnnclng with out
stretched hand, It stopped with a puzzled
look and wagged Its tall doubtfully. Kel
logg tapped lis head lightly with the tips
of his fingers ami looked steadily Into its
eyes. Immediately It rolled on the ground
with delight, li'ked Ms boots, nnd could
hardly te Ind'ieed to leave his side.
"Don't pat a dog or stroke its head,"
said Kellogg, turning to his host. "Tap
Its head lightly wich your fingertips and It
will love you forever."
There M only one animal whl'-h does not
endorse the naturalist, nnd that is the
harmless, necessary c it. He doesn't like
cuts, bccins? they prey upon his beloved
blrils. When n cat Is around he delights
In plviii"? the fluttering cry of a bird with
a broken wing. Pussy, scenting an "easy
Chairman of Committee
of Charities, 1904
in our cities, which will bear rleh fruits.
Nothing In this modern work is more vlta.1
than its personality. The early conception
of a charity organization society In the
popular mind 'iis a sort of detective
bureau to sift out fraud. Such societies now
nialio their trained workers a nucleus for a
great amount of intelligent volunteer serv
ice which enters the homes of the poor
with patient, continuing friendship, trying
to niter herd conditions and with the aid
of church and school to lift and build
character.
Such work Is winning the battle against
pauperism. In one of our larger cities,
where there has been a charity organiz
ation society for twenty-ilvo years, it has
been shown that there ure not as many
dependent families today as there were
twenty-five years ago when the city was
only one-third us large. The society Is
much more closely In touch with all tho
poverty of tho city now than then and Is
working with many families which would
not have been on Its books nt all formerly
because they do not need material relief, but
nevertheless tho total number of dependent
families has grown smaller while the city
has grown larger. Pauperism Is being re
duced nnd not merely relieved; and with
the better work now done, and the better
outside Influences, still better results enn be
expected In the near future. Nearly all
voluntary poverty rests on some fault of
character on sloth or appetite or weak
will and It Is here that the churches help.
Even with the aid of all the new social
forces It Is slow work, but it Is succeeding.
To the end of the world, as long as human
nature and human Institutions are Imper
fect, there will be richer and poorer, but
the squalid, bestial poverty of tho past It
certainly passing.
Buffalo, N. Y.
mark," rushes vainly about the room until
she is nearly frantic, but, of course, she
cannot find tho bird.
Mr. Kellogg was ono of the first of tha
new school of sportsmen who hunt with
the camera Instead of the gun. He has
found photography of great assistance in
probing the mysteries of bird life. Soma
of his snapshots are wonderful. They
show the mother bird feeding her young,
or quarreling with the intrusive cuckoo.
One series of photographs Illustrates the
love, courtship, marriago nnd family life
of a pair of wrens. Great pntlence and
care were needed to secure theso views.
The photographer had to conceal bis cam
era In a mantle of foliage, with only the
lens visible, nnd wait for days to get a
satisfactory snapshot.
At Salem, In New Jerrey, there Is nn 1m
menso rookery, whither crows flock nt
certain seasons of the year from hundreds
of miles around. This was the siene of one
of Mr. Kellogg's grentest exploits.
For many years It had been the nrdent
desire of many ornithologists to obtain a
photograph of this rookery when tho vnst
flocks of birds were assembled. No one
had ever succeeded In achieving this dif
ficult fent until Mr. Kellogg did It. This
was how he managed it:
He reconnoltered the ground, and de
eldad that the only way to succeed was to
ambush during the day, and trust to a
flashlight camera to take the photograph
at night. In stalking strange birds, with
which he Is unacquainted, he uses artificial
hayricks and bushes, tinder cover of which
he moves slowly towards them.
One winter's night, when the crows ar
rived nt their usual meeting place, they
observed nothing unusual in an ordinary
looking hayrh-k which had found Its way
to the spot. Inside that hayrick was Mr.
Kellogg with his powerful flashlight cam
era. There ho lay nil night in the snow,
with tho temperature several degrees be
low zero, taking photographs, while the
deafening cawing of 100,000 crows mado the
night hideous.
Mr. Kellogg was the first man to tackle
the celebrated "Bird Rock," In the Gulf
of St. Kawrenee, tnd take photographs of
the, millions of gannets that nest there.
He was lowered down the face of a pre
cipitous cliff In a rope chair, with his
camera slung around his neck. Swinging
dizzily on the rope; with hundreds of gan
nets shrieking around him ond beating him
with their wings, ho took several pictures,
which have proved to be of great value to
naturalists.
And Yet He Meant Well
He was extremely bashful nnd very much
In love, and the combination made his life
miserable.
One evening he cnlled and found the
whole family, with the great exception of
Herself, assembled In the library.
He discussed politics with Her father
and the servant question with Her mother,
when suddenly his tongue faltered, for She
uppeared In the doorway.
lUsing hastily, ho exclaimed, more cor
dially than gracefully, "Ah, nt hist, here,
comes the missing link." Llpplncott'a
Magazine.
