Jane 7. 190X
Modern
I ery were never no great as now.
plements enables the housewife
to make her everyday fare tempt
ing and varied at a minimum outlay of
time and trouble.
The department of moulds and fancy
cutters alone Is an imposing array varying
from the handsome copper-bordered moulds
to those of the cheap tin or lead, en
ameled or potter's ware, but all of equal
shapeliness and efficiency. In a class by
themselves are the Ice cream moulds, big
and little, representing all manner of
shapes and embellishments.
The meats, IIhIi, poultry or vegetables
for croquettes can now be prepared in half
the time it formerly took, by means of the
handy Bhredders and grinders, lightning
Blicers, ingenious presses and revolving
mills for manipulating such matters, all a
vast Improvement on chopping the sub
stances by hand bit by bit with a simple
chopper in a wooden tray. And for rubbing
and mixing the Ingredients, seasonings,
etc., to still further smoothness come cun
ning little mortars and pestles of wood,
marble or porcelain.
As many as six distinct sorts of egg
whips of different grades are available.
The new boning knives make the boning
of poultry and meats easy. And If oil or
melted sugar or butter Is to be dropiKHl
Into the compound at a certain stage there
The First Stomach
(Continued from I'age Three.)
right But we, knowing of cell growth,
have learned how the "animal" became
an animal. We have learned how it
achieved a stomach.
What 1 have explained simply and with
out scientific terms is the ground principle
Of the famous theory of the Gastraea.
It was first formulated sharply and de
cisively by Ernst Ilasckel. Springing from
the Greek word "Gaster" (the stomach. It
describes that cup-shaped animal form
Whose genesis the reader has beheld.
The "arch-stomach animal" we might
call It In plain English.
Uaeckel furnished proof that such a crea
ture, with primitive "division of labor"
into skin and stomach, must. Indeed, have
been the arch and root form of the whole
higher animal world in the gray days of
world evolution.
The formation of primitive beings Into
cell communities, cell clumps or celi blad
ders occurred repeatedly in the beginning
of life. Such cell tlumpa then developed
In two wholly different directions some in
the direction of the many-celled, true
plant, the others In the direction of the
many-celled, true animal.
The plant shown no stomach In the sense
of the stomach of the animil. Even though
some higher plants the so-called Insecti
vorous plants prcduce Juices like the gas
tric juices and "digest" captured Insects,
the process has nothing In common with
genuine stomach and intestinal formation.
Hut in all animals wt'h the exception of
only a few degenerate parasites the
stomach Is the most characteristic organ
and one that is developed even where the
nervous system still is lacking.
So the beginning of the stomach, the ap
pearance in the world of the arch-stomach
animal, or gastraea, is the great vital mo
ment in the life history of the higher ani
mals. In tho family tree of these higher ani
mals, as Ifaeckel has worked It but. the
gastraea forms tho point of departure for
all ramiflrations. all upward development.
Two main branches go out from It In the
beginning, wo.-king by two different meth
ods the mode of life of the cell cup.
In one branch the living cup gave up its
swimming life and fastened Itself to the
ocean bottom with Its lower, closed side,
thus becoming the ancestor of the anlma!
sponges and the polyps. In the other
branch it continued to swim or crawl
straight ahead and thus gradually extend
Itself laterally. This led finally to a sym
metrical development of both ends. An
opening apjeared at the end opposite the
cup. or mouth.
With thnt opening the cup creature be
came a tube. The Intestine had formed.
The creature was a worm.
The worm. In turn, lifetime the prlmordiat
ancestor of the highest animals the soft
creatures, such as molliisks; the prickle
skins, such as sea stars; the articulated
animals, Fuch as crabs, spiders, insects, and
the vertebrates.
And the vertebrate, that began with the
fish, ended in the mammal with man.
The true, primitive gastraea has not been
discovered yet. Hut there are many living
forms that stand so near the gastraea tint
H :.cckel himself has felt Justified In naming
them "gastraedas," and in a recent work
)t has been possible to publish a plate with
no loss than sixteen figures of such crea
tures. Our fresh water polyp belongs to this
group. It exists today practically with
THE ILLUSTRATED HEE.
Facilities for
la a little automatic dropper to help In the
mixing.
The new-time housewife can buy her fruit
and nut essences and flavorings all ready
for use in a variety and perfection of qual
ity that the former makers of puddings,
sauces and blanc mange and Jelly flavor
ings never dreamed of. She has Inventions
in her pantry thut will core olives or stone
raisins ana cherries, and pare apples and
peaches with great dexterity, when she
has u dessert to prepare In a hurry.
Tho new-century housewife does not
realize all the advantages at her disposal
until she remembers the old ways of doing.
lid the old-time housewife want to have
light rolls shaped in crescents and lady
fingers, she had first to concoct the yeast
from fundamental substances and from this
make n batter thnt must be allowed to rise
and be worked over twice before the baking
an operation Involving many hours and
much watching. She could not make rolls
on the spur of the moment as her descend
ants can by the use of magic or compressed
yeast to leaven the compound and work
equally good results with half the time
and labor. Superior baking powders were
unknown to the old-timers.
The old-time housewife tad no such array
of delicate farina boilers and kettles as
graces the new-century kitchen. Kino
cooking utensils were the exception not
the rule. None of the cheap and attractive
enamelled wares had come in. One por
celain lined iron pot and a brass preserving
nothing except skin and stomach, although
it has advanced to the stationary form of
life. Then there are certain low sponge-liko
forms of animal.
Jean Paul once said very admirably that
the poet begins where a man discovers thnt
everything that Is old and of "every-day"
Is really wonderful. In this sense, every
thinking person should be a poet.
I hoe thnt the reader who tots made this
little expedition into the mystery of life
will be conscious that there Is nothing
trivial In the light of knowledge. Tho
stomach. In the gastraea theory, becomes
one of the wonders of the wonderland of
life. WILHEL.M UOISTSCHE.
Conductor Oughty-Two
(Continued from Page Fourteen.)
would have applied some epithet to the
conductor's wife.
"She," said her companion, coldly, "is
the daughter the only one, of Stephen Van
Itenssalaer of Heliport."
Wis. lirown gasped. "Wha What!" she
exclaimed, "and did she marry a conduc
tor?" The other woman laughed. "So that's
It, is it," she demanded with a twinkle in
her eye, "of course, she did. I thoight
yo'i knew. She married the famous Num
ber Oughty-two and It was a famous
match for each. Do you mean to say that
you never heard about him?"
Mrs. lirown was bewildered. "Tell me,"
she commanded.
"Why, he was valedictorian of his class
the Class of Oughty-two, last year's class,
you know. When they gave him a Job on
the road he insisted on having for his
number his class year. So they oall him
the Oughty-two conductor. Don't you
see?"
"Ye. I see," doubtfully rcplieJ Mrs. J.
P. Brown, "but who Is he anyway I don't
quite understand."
"He's learning the trolley business,"
went on the other, "and he has started In
at the bottom rung of the lad.l.T. So he's
a trolley car conductor. His father Is the
owner of the road, you know. He's the
son of Duncan Cradlebaugh of Heliport. "
Mrs. J. Pendleton Brown wilted. She Is
still skirting the fringe on the edge of the
crust of society. She Is still without the
magic circle. The Inner cules of the magic
boxes still rcpist her efforts.
Old World Flocks to New
(Continued from Page Four.)
to work for the clinging brood that they
bring with them.
Herein may be found the reason why the
second generation Is so easily absorbed In
the American body politic, while the first
clings tenaciously to old world customs.
"My wife and I," suid Antonio Sabrolla,
from Home, to the Interpreter, "will work
for the children and send them to school
and make them like your children."
"Hut how about yourself and your wife
won't you become Americans, too?" ques
tioned the Interpreter.
Sabrolla shrugged his shoulders.
"We are old," he answered. "A bent
olive tree full grown cannot be made
straight. It Is enough for us to work to
make our children like yours."
A similar answer was given by an Aus
trian German miner bound for the an
thracite coal fields of Pennsylvania.
"Maybe, my sons, when they are through
school, will become storekeepers like my
Cooking
kettle or two probably formed her entire
stock of dessvrt-cooktng apparatus.
She set her custards and blanc mango
in plain cups. Two fancy frying baskets
Were In use and her fritters nnd pop-overs
came out any shape that luck might de
termine. The housewife of old had no coloring
for the fai.c viands other than those of
the natural fruits and berries. Kor flavor
ing she touched a spray of pouch leaves to
her boiling custard or put in genuine al
monds. l'Yw essences were to be hail, nnd
In expressing the juice from limes or lem
ons for flavoring purposes no patent squeez
ers were available. Ail her coconuuts and
cheeses and chocolates must bo grated
by hand.
To decorate pastry and cakes there were
no doeoratlng tubes, pastry syringes and
batter forcers as can now be had in great
variety nnd attractiveness. The house
wife habitually twisted a lighter of writing
paper to apply the delicate Icing orna
ments to her cakes. She pricked the edge
of pies and tarts with a fork, or Indented
them with the tip of a knife or a spoon
handle dipped in flour to prevent sticking.
She nipped a piece out of the middle of
her doughnuts with a thimble and cut nut
fancy blscuHs and JumbloB by the eye.
She put many pretty things on her table
thnt tempted the appetite, rmrttml.trty
because they pleased the eye, but sh" had
much more trouble in making thuui than
Is demanded now.
brother," he said, "and live In a fine house
like Americans, but my woman and I arm
vaed to a hut."
Of the single men every one answered
to work" when asked why he came: but
pressed as were the men of families, mauy
amplified their brief replies:
"To work at many things and to get up
and be somebody," said a northern Italian.
"To work for a home for my sweetheart
and have her here as my wife. Why? My
brother In Minnesota says this is a fine
country to raise a family in," said a
Sea ndinavian.
"To work and do as I damn please, so
long nc I don't break n law," was the re
joinder of a bristling Irishman.
"To he left alone at your work and In
your home, and not have your prooxty
and liberty taken away by the soldiers,"
was a Finn's answer. .
Of '.he hundred or more Immigrants who
were Interviewed, so to speak, this Finn
wis the only one who spoke the word
"liberty." This Is explained by the fact
that Finland is being roughly Russianized
just now1 while In the oilier countries
represented nm.mg the immigrants qiten
tioneU no drastic measures have ikmii
lately instituted. Even a half dozen Poles,
typical representatives of a liberty-loving
race, failed to use tire word. Hut they
showed their love of country and Ibert.
when the Interpreter jokingly asked. "Is
Poland dead yet?"
The men's shoulders straightened, their
eyes blazed.
"Poland Is not dead it will never die!"
they cried.
One of these men was Jan Jiblonskl.
who had previously declared that lie came
to America in order to give his children a
better chance In life.
"And wfiat Is liberty but untrammeled
opportunity?" fald the Interpreter to his
companion, after Jablonskl's answer had
been reiterated by other mouths.
"I. myself, fifteen years ago came through
as these men are doing now. Then I said
to myself, 'I am coming here to have a
better chance to earn n living.' I now
know fully what I frtt vaguely then that
only In a free land like America can belter
opportunities bo secured. Therefore, I really
came here that I and mine might have
more freedom. For the same reason these
Immigrants are here at the nation's great
doorway waiting to be let In."
Hello!
iAXRool.
HivOi
it1 a i4A
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IV.
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W. A. Wetlj. Agent.
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