May 31, 1903.
When is a Woman Really Ol d ?
W
11 1 EN la a woman old, or rather.
bow long is a woman actually
young? -ft
It Is an Important question,
observes the New York Bun, and
the usual answer Is that to others a
woman la as old as shs looks and to her
self as old as she feels.
A woman Is actually young at 25, and
she Isn't old until she is 10; and she Isn't
really old then, but just settled.
"A woman may be any age she chooses."
assorted a man of the world the other day,
adding, "I know several charming young
women of 60. It is simply a matter of
temperament."
Really, there Is no year of a woman's
life, no ten years. In which you can
definitely demand that she should cease
to be young. There are some women who
probably will never cease to be young at
moments and under certain circumstances,
but they are and must be like Cinderela at
the ball with the clock on the stroke of 12.
The staying power gives out long before
the power of appearing young; yes, and
being young.
But, after all, what is the charm of
Mound Builders
(Continued from Page Five.)
and to quite conceal the origin even of so
remarkable a mound as the great Cahokia.
The habtts of the modern Indian, as he
was found in different parts of America,
have likewise removed, in the light of
modern comparative study, the bid Idea
that the Mound Builders were an agricul
tural people, living in fixed communities,
while the Indians on the other hand, were,
a series of roaming nations subsisting
chiefly by the chase. It has been proved
that the Indians in many cases were quite
as much farmers as hunters; that they
cultivated broad fields of maize and corn,
and kept supplier of provisions sufilcent,
as sometimes happened during the early
conquests of European adventurers, to
provision entire armies for a long cam
paign. Thousands of the smaller mounds,
mere tumuli raised some inches above the
ground, are now believed to have been
nothing more than elevations on which
the Indians pitched their individual tents
for the sake of drainage, and
many of the other mounds, as
has been proved by their con
tents, represented forms of Indian burial
that continued even into the last century
In fact there is nothing that has yet been
found among the relics of the Mound
Builders that cannot, be attributed to the
North American Indian, albeit in a higher
State of savage cultivation than his prjeent
descendants. Thousands of minor relics
stone and metal implements; arrow beads;
pipes, among them the finest Indian pipe
ver discovered in America; bones, shells,
and miscellaneous articles of many kinds
found near Cahokla have invariably cor
roborated this theory, even while it Is ad
mitted that no man knows what might
result from further investigation.
In 1878 Professor Putnam of the Peabody
museum made a careful examination of
Cahokla; his account, later published in
the reports of the Peabody museum, is a
brief summary of the purpose of Cahokia
as viewed in the light of modern knowl
edge. "Probably this immense tumulus,"
says Professor Putman, "was not erected
primarily as a burial mound, though such
may prove to be the case. From the
present evidence it seems more likely that
it was made in order to obtain an elevate I
site for some particular purpose; presum
ably an important public building. - One
fact, however, that I observed indicated
that a great length of time was occupied
In its construction, and that Us several
level platforms may have beeu the sites of
many lodges, which, possibly, may have
been placed upon such artificial elevations
In order to avoid the malaria of a district,
the settlement of which in former, as iq
recent times, was likely due to the prolific
and easily cultivable soil; or, more likely,
foe the purpose of protection from enemies.
The fact to which I allude Is that every
where in the gullies, and over the broken
surface of the mound, mixed with the earth
of which it is composed, are quantities of
broken vessels of clay, flint chips, arrow
beads, charcoal, bone of animals, etc.
apparently the refuse of a numerous peo-
of course It is possible that these re
ft a, so unlike the homogeneous struc
ture of sn ordinary mound, may be the
simple refuse of numerous feasts that may
have taken place on the mound at various
times during Its construction. The first
interpretation, however, is as well borne
out as any other from our present knowl
edge of this mound; the structure and ob
ject of which cannot be fully understood
until a thorough examination has been
made." Professor Putman's tbsory, it will
txi bo tie, does not preclude the possi
bility suggested by Mr. Bushnell.
In more exact figures than those of the
earlier visitors, the great mound of Ca
hokia measures 710 feet from east to west
and 1080 feet from north to south. Like the
smaller mounds of the group, many of
which are parallelograms In construction
l.Tir
youth? Is It physical simply? Of course,
clear eyes and skin, round, firm outlines
and freshness of lips and check are lovely,
but not all young girls possess them.
Is It manners? There Is a chaVm about
the half timid, yet well trained manner of
an ingenuous girl, but the gracious tact
that comes only by experience, the self
poise that knows Just what to say and do
and leave undone, possesses even greater
charm.
And surely It Is not the Intellect and
the conversational power of youth to which
people so lovingly cling. The crude ideas,
the impossible theories, the misplaced
credulity or the sweeping Iconoclasm are
these tre conditions of mental develop
ment in which women would remain?
What then? In spite of the reason one
can bring to bear upon the matter the
fact remains, and, no doubt, will remain,
that youth Is a possession to be clung to
as long as possible, and feigned as much
longer as may be.
In the new order of things, with deeper
Interest, wider outlook, enlarged sym
pathies woman now feels the relentless
and would be considered large mounds If
they were not overshadowed by the giant
Cahokla, it Is laid out in an exact north
and south line, thus proving that the
builders had a working knowledge of the
cardinal points of the compass. Its height
Is about 100 feet and it covers something
over thirteen and three-quarters acres. To
Include Cahokla and some of the nearer
mounds would require a park of some
twenty-five acres, while to Include the en
tire group whose name, by the way, is In
memory of the Indian tribe, now extinct,
that occupied the region when the mounds
were discovered would require seventy
five or more acres. Part of this land has
never been cultivated, but the larger part
has been turned to agricultural purposes
during the last century and many of the
mounds have from time to time been hid
den under waving fields of corn and wheat
a process, unfortunately, that has been
estimated to wear away the mounds about
four Inches yearly. Recently, moreover,
an electric car line has been laid out along
an old country road that passes close to
Cahokia and an effort has already been
made by certain enterprising persons to
construct an artificial lake at its base, run
a "chute-the-chutes" incline along its
sides, and crown Its summit with a beer
garden. It Is no wonder, therefore, that
everybody directly Interested in the past
history of the continent is feeling more or
less Impelled to an active campaign for
the preservation of Cahokla Just as the
famous Serpent mound in Ohio was pre
served a number of years ago by the ac
tion, first, of the Peabody museum, and
afterwards of the state of Ohio together
with some part. If not. all, of the mound
territory surrounding it, now disappear
ing. Inch by Inch, under the plow of
modern agriculture.
Hope of the Farmers
(Continued from Page Three.)
but the price of wheat has come down with
it. Compare the coat of carrying a ton of
wheat to IJverpool or Antwerp twenty
years ago and now, and it will be found
that the fall in the price of wheat from
year to year Is Just about the difference In
this rate. It has made wheat cheaper for
the other fellow. He Is not compelled to
take your wheat. He can take wheat from
Argentine or anywhere else. We must find
new customers by enlarging our com
mercial relations, by expanding our
markets. The country has always ex
panded and always will. If it is to go on
and Increase, we must have soma place,
some people, where we can get rid of the
tuff we raise.
"8uppose the trade with these Asiatic
people to amount to 1 cent per capita for
each day In the year, that would amount
with China alone to $4,000,000 a day nearly
$1,600,000,000 a year. We could not begin
to furnish it to them. We have not the
surplus.
"The European nations have the Mediter
ranean sea and two oceans to cross In
reaching these peoples. We have to cross
but one ocean. It might do us some good
If we had any ships to use It. Of the
carrying trade going to China In IK we
carried three-fourths of 1 per cent. Yet
we call ourselves a commercial nation and
are ambitious to be a maritime nation.
"Farmers care nothing about the slse of
a ship, but they do care about its carrying
their products to some new people who
will use them. I am building ships for
this purpose, because I see an opportunity
to make a reasonable return on my Invest
ment. The reason we can compete with
other nations supply human energy. Fifty
or sixty years sgo we had more than our
share of the world's carrying trade. To
day the cheapest transportation in the
world is on the Great Iikes. It now
astonishes Europe, but the end Is not yet.
"If we can carry grain at these rates
from tu Pacific coast to China and Japan
march of years much loss than formerly,
and with, all the new light upon her phys
ical care and condition, she can eally
look as young as she feels.
Nowadays, If women grow stout and
clumsy, or thin and faded at an early age,
it Is not of necessity, but from Indifference
to the laws of health.
If people were careful to observe all
laws of health In regard to exercise and
diet, the natural age of man would perhaps
be from 120 to 140 years, and his
best working years would be from SO to
100, and women would be In their prime and
at the age of greatest loveliness at 60.
Ancient sculpture abounds In examples
of mature womanhood. Venus do Mllo Is
evidently a woman of SO. All the Junoa,
Mtnervas, Vcnuses, Melpomenes and many
Madonnns are mature women.
Titan preferred to paint women at 30.
Rubens goes without difficulty ns far as
40. Van Dyko does not recognise age at
all; with him art Is free. Ho entertained
a sovereign contempt for time. Rembrandt
does more; by a gesture, a look, a smile,
be banishes sge.
we would not ship one bushel of wheat
rom the Pacific coast to Europe. And with
a chance to bring every car back loaded
with Pacific coast lumber, we would carry
millions and millions of bushels from Min
nesota and the Dakotas. Empty cars one
way mean double mileage. It would not
only help farmers of the northwestern
states by taking the Pacific coast wheat
out of competition, but It would carry away
their own crop at times. Either I know
absolutely nothing or I know absolutely
that these farmers would be greatly bene
fited. The entire wheat crop of the north
west last year might have gone to the
Pacific coast if there had been ships to
take It when it got there."
Got tlie Recipe
"I may as well confess It," remarked the
man In the mackintosh. "I'm the biggest
fool In the United States."
"What new light have you had on It?"
asked the man who had his feet on the
table.
"I saw an advertisement the other day
to this effect: 'Send $1 and learn how to
achieve world wide fame.'
"Well, I s-nt he dollar, and this Is the
reply I received:
" "There are two ways:
" '1. Refuse to make up a room for Booker
Washington.
" '2. Announce through the papers that
you would consider yourself honored by
being permitted to make up a room tor
Booker Washington.
" 'There isn't much to choose between
these two methods, but you are entitled to
your choice.' "Chicago Tribune.
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15
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