March 8, 1008.
THE ILLUSTRATED I? EE.
7
Carpenter's Letter
(Continued from Sixth rage.)
and a common rricc Is $60 year, with a
suit of clothes and a pair of boots thrown
In. Many of the farmhands now go off to
IlrlRlum and France at harvest time, bo
that labor is scarce. There Wi also an exo.
dus from the country to the cities and the
factories, where the wages are higher.
Even in the cities the waRes paid seem
ridiculous In comparison with those of the
Vnited States. The ?rvernment usually
pays as much as anyone. Here are somo
figures recently published as to what men
receive who work on state contracts: Com
mon workmen got 5 cents an hour, ear.
penters 7 cents. Blacksmiths receive 7
cents an hour and turners, planers, fitters
and Iron workers 8 cents. The wages In
the factories are no better, and the hours of
work ranse all the way from nine to thir
teen per day. On the farms both men and
women work, and the women, as a rule, do
as much as the men.
In the factories there are also women
and children. Children are allowed In tno
factories at the age of 12. Tb" little ones
go to their labors at 6 o'clock, starting
work on nothing but a cup of hot coffee oi
perhaps a piece of rye bread, and coming
home to breakfast at 8. Thoy go back an
hour later, and lay off for dinner from 12
to 1, when they return to complete the day.
The wages paid children are but A few
cents a day, and boys start Into a trade as
low as 20 cents a week. There are fixed
rules as to apprentices, some shops refus
ing to take them because there are no laws
by which they cp.n hold them after they
have learned enough to be of value.
Of late, however, technical schools have
been established and the children will have
a better chance to learn trades than In the
past. FRANK (I. CARPENTER.
v
top- V
Diamond in a Meteor
A diamond Imbedded In the center of a
forty-pound meteorite, the first specimen
of the sort ever discovered, was placed on
exhibition in the American Museum of Na
tural History, reports the New York Mall
and Express. This is the first time the
specimen has been publicly exhibited, as It
Is n part of the private collection of George
Frederick Kunz, recently loaned to tho
museum.
Though small tho diamond Is perfect and
of the purest and hardest carbon. With
several other minute particles of black
diamond dust it rests In a small jagged
area of less pure carbon about the size of a
large marble. This area is surrounded by
solid meteorite Iron from four to Ave inches
thick. '
The meteorite Is one of a number . of
specimens of sedertte discovered by Prof.
G. A. Koenig in Canyon Diablo, at the foot
of Crater mountain, Arizona. The Idea of
a prospector that he had discovered a sur
face vein of pure Iron led to the discovery.
Several specimens were sent to Dr. A. E.
Foote, in Philadelphia, where they were cut
In pieces or "slices" for museum distribu
tion. The presence of the diamond was re
vealed when, after two days and a half,
nearly all of tho chisels in Dr. Foote's pos
session had been broken and an emery
wheel ruined by contact with the hard sur
face. Polished corundum, the hardest sub
stance next to diamond, was tried In polish
ing, but the meteor diamond cut through it.
Tests proved the substance to tx a genuine
diamond and trollite and daubreelite sub
stances which proved an origin not terres
trial were both found in the iron which In
cased the gem.
Whether diamonds exist in the mineralogy
of other planets or whether the diamond
was formed in the flight to earth Is a
question. In connection with the letter
Idea tho, theory Is advanced that the enor
mous pressure applied to the interior of a
mass of iron by the heating of the exterior
by friction would crystallize the carbon in
the center and form a diamond.
As meteorites are generally acknowledged
by scientists to be identical with shooting
stars the remark made at the museum that
the specimen was a "shooting star with a
diamond heart" possessed poetry and ac
curacy. Polyglot Typewriters
How many typewriter operators Vnow
that machines have been invented for peo
ples using more than twenty-five different
languages? The latest patent is the Trabtc
typewriter, with a keyboard no larger
than the one wo use in America, although
the Arabic of textbooks is described as
having 638 different characters. Up to
Ut 5 the Ji.pacrso tor.gue is U.out the only
one In extensive use that does not boast
Its typewriting machine, but it is an
nounced that a scholar of the language is
now working on a keyboard arrangement,
ith a view to supplying the deficiency.
The difficulties of providing keyboard ar
rangements for a language having so many
characters as the Arabic can be guessed
at. That language's C38 forms, however,
consist of variations of only about thirty
letters, and the Inventor had to do a lot
of compromising with the variations. It is
too early yet, according to men connected
with the manufacture of machines, to tell
how successful the latest addition will
prove, but it la presumably to serve many
The abovecut is published to call the attention of our readers to the fact that we have an Institution In our clf whoso
standing and efficiency are recognized at least in twenty-four different states and territories of our union and one foreign
country. All in this group are now students of thy Omaha Commercial college and have come from the places Indicated on tho
stars. It is not only a unique but a most remarkable showing. It Is the first time that any kind of a sehool in the great mid
dle went could make such a showing. A college so widely and so favorably known is a credit both to our city and state.
thousands of merchants in Arabia, Egypt
and Persia.
A single typewriter company of this city
advertises "one hundred styles of type
shuttles in twenty-six languages." Many
of these languages, of course, have nearly
the same characters as the English. For
instance, the French, Spanish and Scandi
navian machines are like ours evcept that
the keyboards contain certain accents that
are not needed by us. The German, Greek,
and Russian keyboards, of course, have
their distinctive characters, but the num
ber of keys is practically the same In every
case. There are special machines for writ
ing Gaelic and these the dealers speak of
as "Irish typewriters."
One company makes a typewriter for
Chinese. This one is necessarily very, in
complete, for the language contains an al
most unlimited number of characters, but
It serves in ordinary business. There is
another machine with a keyboard of Bur
mese characters, as well ns one for the
Siamese. There is no Instrument for writ
ing Hebrew, and this fact a typewriter
maker explains by Baying that, although
thousands use that language, business oper
ations are not conducted in it very ex
tensively. New York Times.
Testing Damaged Ears
Mrs. Caroline Buck has a suit on trial In
the supreme court against the New York
Central railway, alleging deafness from an
accident. She claims to be deaf in the right
ear. Attorney L. B. Williams pulled out
his watch and held it to her right ear.
"Can you hear that?" he asked.
"No."
"Can you hear it now?" holding it to the
other ear.
"Yes."
"Now?" holding It three feet away.
"Yes."
Mr. Williams opened the watch and
showed the Jury that it had no works and
consequently could not tick. Syracuse (N.
Y.) Dispatch In New York Sun.
At One
Half the Cost
Lion
hag better strength and
flavor than many so-called
"fancy" brands.
Dulk coffee at the same
price is not to be com.
pared with Lion in quality.
la I lb. air tight.
sealed packages.
, tsnfts"rp
V AFAATHfC
I uymb.
boniuM'lwunn
jfturiu 11 IT
v I
Harrison Mlg. Co
SALESMEN AND
AGENTS VANTD.
BIO WACE8-on f " Pur
itan VV atrr HUH, ondvtol ia
3Dsu4 euormona. Kwrrfcxlr ..t.
Ow Mi frlrtir
i Dimly f dualled, vrvri. diM',
' Par) Water. Onlj m.ih-Ki
i7ttv., tod Dt. bill; prwnl. tb(l,
7 mittrli rrcrt, mm itlMM. Write
' for Hook let, Nrw IMim, Term,
kite. rMKE. Addrw.,
i 16 Hamton Bldg., Cincinnati, 0.
The Regina is an
orchestra in itself a
constant, untiring en
tertainer. To sing to
-to listen to-to dance
to-and everyone can
enjoy its melody.
a. hospe co.
151 J 1515 Douglas Street.
faEsaftmmammmmk
111
DEJI6IIE&J
ER6R7IVEK
iLLiinwroR
r8"1 1111
"Sig Four"
A Railroad
OF THE PEOPLE
Operated
FOR THE PEOPLE
And Recognized
BY THE PEOPLE
as the standard passenger line of
the. Central Mates. 2,500 miles
of railway In
Ohio, Indiana, IlliiioiH,
Kentucky (k Michigan
Write for folders.
Warren J. Lynch, W. P. Deppe,
Uen'l. Pass. 6 Asst. Oen"l. P.
Ticket Agt. & T. A.
CINCINNATI. OHIO.
Think
About
This
There are engravings and en.
gravlngs, but the kind that
are really good are the ones
we make
J. Manz Engraving Co.
CHICAGO: NEW YORK:
195-207 Canal St. 2J-25-27 City Hall Place
BIG WAGES
TO MEN
and
WOMEN
Mr. TmmII md Ij0 I ho tint (If month!.
, Mr. Wlwi, of B D..SI1 l.t ilr. Mr.Cl.j,
I f.f Vt., t flrat daj. Mr. iHwr, of M ,
10 on ft.rDOou. Mr. Klhutt, of Pa.,
17 Srat two dtj. Mr. Howard, of la.,
i a 0 to on wck. ilnndrdi of other
niaalDi tif mon cf .riling and appoint
ing aieitt. for 4)akrr Vapor Hath
tkablaris. Prli r rrlurd. Lt u Hart
fcjyoa. W fiirnnh rtiilu. Aufon
willing to work can nuk M to u a
wk aiy. Orcalott niou.7 mkr known. Ju.t
'what Trrbodr nd. Woadcrfal Mllr.
W.'r old Arm. Capital loo.uoo 00. Tfrlta tmr
lw flan. Tcramu, ., VltBSk Adrtr.
WOfcUt Ik'r'fl CO., 621 World Bldg., Cincinnati, 0.
0
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