THE OMAHA DAILY UEE: SUNDAY. JAM; All Y 11. lOOIJ.
13
ELECTRIC LIGHTING BY CITIES
T ogress of the Move m nt for Man cip'tf
Ownership.
FACTS A' D FIGU fS OF EXPER1ENC"
Aa Inirreat Inar l)lralii of I, Its
Toplo by lrlor Rnirnatfr H
prlnfrd from tli ev '
York Inilrpt ndpnt.
Ill" riirrnnt pmi of the Sew York In
dependent anion othpr features presents a
paper on "Municipal Ownership of Electric
Lighting," written by Victor Roaewater of
The Bee, ntvlnn some results of a study
begun many years ao. The article follows:
!t is now mnro than twelve years since
The Independent published ray first article
on the subject of municipal ownership of
eleetrlc lighting. That contribution re
viewed the statistics presented in an offi
cial report to the common council of
Scranton, Pa., drawing from them such
forcible arguments In favor of municipal
control that It was reprinted widely in the
dV.Ily papers and precipitated a heated
Controversy with the champions of private
lighting corporations that for a time
Tergedon abusive personalties'.
Ten years ago many ardent advocates of
municipal ownership were firmly convinced
that an irresistible movement had been
atarted, that was surely and swiftly to
wipe out all private electric lighting planta
supplying American cities with street
Illumination and make way for a serv
ice owned and operated by each mu
nicipality. They thought this the most
promising part of a larger movement
for the early municipalization of all the
franchlsed corporations depending upon
special concessions. How have these ex
pectations been met? What forces have
operated to promote or retard the progress
of municipal ownership? What results
have been produced by the experiments
Undertaken?
What the Figures Sh,ow.
Some answer to these questions can now
be gathered from the compilation of mu
nicipal statistics recently completed by the
Department of Labor under direction of
Commissioner Carroll D. Wright, and made
public In the monthly Bulletin for Septem
ber, 1902. This report, the third of an an
nual series, .the value of which to the stu
dent of municipal affairs can scarcely be
overestimated, covers all the cities in the
United States having a population over
10,000 by the census of 1900, which disclosed
exactly 135 cities of that class. The period
covered In the Inquiry Is the fiscal year of
1901-2, so that for the purpose of com
parison the figures are as nearly satisfac
tory aa could be had.
Yet It transpires from these returns that
only thirteen cities with more than 30,000
population, in all tho United States, are
today operating their own electric lighting
plants for the common benefit of their cltl
rens. Selecting the figures bearing on this
phase of municipal activity and grouping
them to bring out the salient features, we
bave the following tables:
Ing men themselves; yet, on the other
hand, the service was sometimes supplied
at rates far below the actual cost of pro
duction as a consideration for the franchise
or to keep out competition In the field of
commercial lighting. To secure an unob
structed license to exploit the commercial
business, the street Illumination was fur
nished as a by-produet without reference to
market value. At the same time It das dis
covered that the cOst statistics of public
plants were for the most part worthless
because of Inadequate accounting, neglect
to figure Interest on Investment, wesr and
tear, and general depreciation, and also
useless for comparative purposes, owing
to the utter lack of uniform methods of
municipal bookkeeping. The constant Im
provements and new Inventions in the field
of electricity, on one side cheapening the
processes used, end on the other, succes
sively forcing the installation of new ' In
place of antiquated machinery, tended both
to bring more reasonable sod more ttnl
form charges for street lighting contracts
and to require greater Initial capital In
vestment for an up-to-date municipal
plant equipped with modern machinery
' Depends sn Commercial Business
Realizing the conditions before them, the
private corporations Interested In profit
able electric lighting franchises In our
larger cities bave been constantly active
to obstruct all efforts In the direction of
municipalization. Making common cause
with the correlated corporations, they have
tost .no opportunity to block legislation
designed, to authorize or facilitate munlcl
pal undertakings. The success of the
private electric lighting concern depends
upon the Juncture of commercial and street
service, yet few cities operating their own
plants have been allowed to sell to private
consumers. The Department of Labor In-
oulrv developed the fact that only four
of the thirteen cities enumerated received
anv revenue whatever from the electric
lighting Installations, only two of them
doing business on a commercial baett. But
these two examples offer the most convinc
ing proof of the economy of municipal
ownership.
The city of Tacoma Is credited with re
celpts from sales of electric light aggre
gating $80,485 for tho year. Its expenses of
maintenance for the same period were
$89,251, so that the city secured all Its 3S5
street lamps without cash outlay and had
besides a surplus of nearly $10,000 to offset
the Interest on Its investment and the de
preciation of Us plant.
The plant of. Taunton took In a yearly
revenue amounting to $29,747 paid for com
mercial lights, while Its expenses of main
tenance were $29,247, leaving a difference of
$500 as an offset against Interest charges to
be balanced against the 247 arc lamps used
for street Illumination.
Obstructions In b Wr.
If tampering with enabling legislation
constituted the only obstacle set up by tho
privileged corporate powers, the movement
for municipal enfranchisement would pro
ceed at a quicker' pace. The corporation
Influence la more, or less potent with the
authorities In every city In the United
Btates. One strategical device Is for the
companies to make . small concessions
In charges for contracts covering a
period of years with " steadily Increas-
SMART SET HAS A GAY LARK
8toTj of a Christina Party Which Wu Hot
Intended tt Leak Oat.
WOMEN DRESS AS MEN AND MEN AS WOMEN
Titled Ladles Cat a'Flae Flsinre la
TlaMa and Demonstrate They
t'oald Make Good la the
thorns.
(Copyright, 1903, by Press Publishing Co.)
LONDON, Jan. 10. (New York World
Cablegram Special Telegram.) The facts
are slowly leaking out about an extraordl
nary entertainment, gotten up at Lord and
Lady Howe's Christmas party at Oopsall,
This consisted ot a fancy dress ball con
fined to members of 'he bouse party. In
which all the women appeared aa male
characters. Lady Howea dressed as a
Knights Templar, with a long black cloak,
with a white cross, a two-handed sword,
bright steel armor and helmet. Her sister,
Lady Sarah Wilson, more daring, appeared
as Prince Charlie, In kilts, and made a very
attractive, well-shaped young man.
Princess Henry of Pless made an ex
tremely graceful Romeo. It was generally
voted that she would make the fame of
any chorus.
But, histrionically, the auccess of tho
evening was Mrs. George Cornwall! West,
formerly Lady Randolph Churchill, who
came as a roystcrlng Spanish cavalier. She
wore black silk tights, doublet and hose,
a dark crimson velvet cloak trimmed with
gold; had a sword, a great diamond blazing
In her black sombrero, with Its drooping
features; diamond buckles on her pretty
shoes, and a black mustache, waxed and
ferociously curled like the kaiser's.
The women were at first rather shy about
entering the room In their unaccustomed
but most becoming costumes, and shrink-
lngly tried to hide behind the skirts of
their companions. But this feeling soon
wore off and everything went gaily as pos
sible It was odd to see what appeared
to be men dancing with men partners.
The affair was not to be talked about. It
was understood, but It has come out, never
theless, and excites the greatest Interest.
Countess Howe, Lady Sarah Wilson and
Mrs. George Cornwallls West (Lady Ran
dolph Churchill) are annts of the present
duke of Marlborough. Princess Henry of
Pless Is a sister-in-law of Mrs. George
Cornwallls West. Earl Howe, whose great
wealth may be gauged by bis ownership
of 33,700 acres of profitable land, belongs
to one of tho proudest families ot the
United Kingdom and Is prominent In what
Is called the "smart" set. One of his an
cestors, the third Viscount Howe, was a
brigadier general In the French and Indian
war and fell at Tlconderoga. Another, the
fifth Viscount Howe, had the chief com.
mand of the British troops In the American
war for Independence, led at Bunker Hill
and captured New York.
CITY,
Chicago ,
Detroit ,
Allegheny
Columbus ....
8t. Joseph
Orand Rapids
Wheeling
EL a
C
o
a
..1.69S.B75
.. 285,704
.. 129.N98
.. 125.560
.. MS, 977
87,566
3H.K7H
Little Rock 3S,3't7
Galveston 87.7SS
Tacoma. 37,714
Springfield, 111.. 84.159
Topeka 33,608
Taunton 31.038
Not reported. Built 1887.
18S8
1186
1890
1K98
1XX9
1899
1892
1888
1894
tl893
19fl0
188S
1897
s
H
o
O
So
to
0!?
a 3 a
i ?5
3
H
II
etQi
a "
: o
: e
850 6.210 $2,234.A42 $64,823 $330,716 .... $475,687
481 2.055 851.655 25,147 108.244 $6,602 . .
269 1.450 406,812 6,756 98,833 3,474
877 68.9U ...... 107 75,743
109 420 ' 88,752 7,772 24,093 . 400
101 (44 193,309 ' 1,267 23.568 .......
65 607 135 221 ...... 22,771
43 218 35.557 557 9,866
176 66.000 1,863 - 23,448
835 502,230 27.352 69,251 80,486
460 8.672 22,667
66 842 77,800 1.018 13,169
65 247 158,242 4,783 29,247 29,747 8,066
I Built 1394.
The first question that auggests Itself la,
la It fair to confine an inquiry of this na
ture to cities of 30,000 Inhabitants? I be
lieve that for general deductions we
can hardly afford to take smaller towns
Into consideration. While hundreds of suc
cessful municipal lighting undertakings
may be found In all parte of the country
outside of these thirteen cities, local con
ditions affect them more than In larger
places. Tho value of the land occupied by
the buildings, the area lighted, the schedule
of hours, the smaller salaries and wagea
and, above all, the direct supervision of the
taxpayers themselves all make for better
results from electric lighting plants In
stalled on a small scale for town or village
purposes.
If municipal ownership is a practical
problem of municipal government. It must
relate to communities of urban pretensions,
organized on lines of a large business cor
poration and manned by officers compelled
to shoulder responsibility for the public
affairs.
Some Points to Be Emphasised.
Before discussing the caufses that have
ted up to the present situation, let me em
phasize the following points.
First Only two of the thirteen cities un
der consideration purchased the property of
existing lighting companies, the otbera
building their own planta.
Second While the original Investment Is
not particularly large, the capital outlay
(or the year Is a considerable Item.
Third The exponse of maintenance and
operating la in all cases decidedly moderate
without outward indications of extravagance
or Jobbery.
Fourth Most of these cities rely on
their own electric lighting plants for their
entire street Illumination, spending little
In addition tor atreet lamps, and that for
gas and oil.
Fifth Only four of the thirteen cities re
turn an income from sales ot electric light
to private consumers.
Sixth Commissioner Wright carefully ab
stains from venturing on average cost sta
tistics or reducing expenditures to a per
lamp basis.
I)y reference to other exhibits In the same
bulletin we And that of the 135 American
cities of over 30,000 population, 99 own their
bwu water works plants, while 36 are served
by private corporations. 5 own their own gas
works, while 130 depend on private corpora
tions. Ot the thirteen cities owning their
own electric lighting plants, three namely,
Bt. Joseph. Little Rock and Topeka are
still supplied with water by private cor
porations, while only Wheeling owna water
works, gas works aud electric lighting plant.
This exhibit, while it must be In a meas
ure disappointing to sincere advocates of
municipal ownership, aeems to me to Indi
cate that at the start too much stress
was laid 00 the financial saving to
be effected by the municipal undertak
ing and too little account taken of ths
powerful forces to be overcome before the
private franchlsed corporations could be
uprooted.
Klrst Disparity of l oit Retired.
The disparity In rost, comparing public
and private ownership, so striking and
even startling in the early days, has to a
great extent been bridged. This disparity
existed not only as to electric lighting by
public and private plants, but also as to
lighting In different cities under different
private services. That the charges sx
acted through the contract system were in
tuauy cases exorbitant and extortionate
will now bs admitted by ths alectrle light
Ing numbers ot ' lamps, and then be
fore the expiration of their agreements
cleverly to take time by the forelock to
have, the contracts steathlly renewed, with
out affording any opening for municipal
ownership agitation to become effective.
Another thing that has retarded progress
along these lines Is the apparently unques
tionable demand for enlarged municipal ac
tlvltles In every direction. The pressure,
upon municipal resources to keep abreast
of constantly increasing requirements In
the exercise ot long-conceded function!
pavements, parks and parkwaya, charitable
Institutions, . public schools, libraries, Are
and police departments has forced a choice
between demands of relative urgency and
Importance. Cities, like Individuals and
oorporatlona, have debt limits they cannot
safely overatep, and it has often become a
question whether better pavements and Im
proved streets should take precedence, of
city water works or municipal electric
lighting.
Perhaps, after all, municipal ownership
baa been making as great headway as con
dltlons bave warranted, although not as
great as was expected. The steady course
of consolidation by purchaae or by com
munlty ot Interest plans, try which the con
trol of these franchlsed corporations In each
city Is being gradually concentrated, makes
the problem of protecting the public against
exorbitant exactions and Insuring to the
community the financial returns to which It
Is entitled all the more pressing. Every
growing American city will have to face this
problem during the next few decades many
of them during the next few years. Mu
nicipal ownership la still the only satis
factory solution.
LAWYER SEPARATES LOVERS
EalsTencles of Divorce Court More
Potent Than Convention-
alltles of Society.
(Copyright, 1903, by Press Publishing Co.)
GENEVA, Switzerland, Jan. 10. (New
York World Cablegram Special Telegram.)
The crown princess of Saxony and Andre
Glron are separated for the time being
under the advice of Lawyer Lachenal, who
In pursuance of his view, aa expressed in
ths cable dispatches In last Sunday's
World, peremptorily Informed them that
they must follow his advice while the legal
proceedings are pending or find another
lawyer.
He absolutely ohut down on all further
Interviews and directed Glron to withdraw
to Lausanne, where Glron is now estab
Untied In Hotel Beaustte until the divorce
case Is concluded.
The crown princess goes out as usual
and It Is believed that every afternoon
the lovers have a clandestine meeting at
Nyon, a quiet little place about half way
to Lausanne, for the crown princess is
away from 1 to 5 o'clock each day. At
first she talked with Glron through the
hotel telephone, but as It Is placed In the
office and her words were audible In the
hall she has given up using it.
The scandal la now in a fair way to bo
abated, at least in Its more flagrant aspect.
But the crown princess still turns a deaf
ear to all propositions to separate herself
permanently from Glron.
Her husband has offered to her a chateau
on Lake Gmunden, In upper Austria, with
the privilege of having her children with
her every other month it she will abandon
Glron. She refused.
A dispatch from Dresden reports that
the crown princess' mind has been turned
by the reading of problem novels and plays.
It Is significant that Glron recently bought
tor ber here Ibsen's plays and a set of
Tolstoi's novels. Glron, too, la a confirmed
Ibsenlte. He tells his friends that he has
been engaged three years on a novel In
which he treats the sex and marriage
questions from an entirely new standpoint.
He has a high opinion ot bis literary possi
bilities.
The dream of the princess and Glron Is
to settle among the literary Bohemian set
In Paris.
BADEB FURNITURE CeaPflCJY,
Formerly Shivcrick Furniture Co.
Our change makes it imperative for us to reduce our present
stock before our February inventory and we fully realize the fact
that to
EloducQ a hundred Thousand Dollar
stock to our limit will mean some smart selling for the next twenty
days. Notwithstanding the fact that we anticipated a change of
management .January 1st opportunities have come to us to buy
several consignments of
EBi
Furniture at
Our
Dun
rice
(WHICH WERE SHIPPED TO ANOTHER FIRM)
We have been house cleaning this week. Every floor and ware
house has been ransacked for all the odd lots and pieces of 1, 2 and
3 of a kind; chairs, tables, sideboards, etc., and marked at prices
where quality or cost was not considered.
No furniture, rug or curtain buyer can afford to overlook the
advantages of this sale.
Ourtains at
eatly ESeduced Prices
tured In the most terrible manner by having
cords twisted round their beads and tight
ened with a tourniquet.
SAYS ANYONE CAN BE HAPPY
Freaca Scientists Bar It Is aa
W atch Can B Aooalrsa If
Wt Know How.
Art
(Copyright, 103. by Press Publishing Co.)
PARI9, Jsn. 10. (New York World Cable
gramSpecial Telegram.) Dr. Paul Valen
tine, leading specialist In nervous dtseaaes,
will visit America soon to lecture on
psychologies! science. At present he Is giv
ing a. series ot lectures In Paris on the
psychology ot the modern woman fr6m the
normal and the pathologle point of view.
Hs was the manager of the Revue de Psy
cologla crinlque et Therapeutlque for live
yeara and Is the author ot numerous scien
tific, philosophic and critical essays. Dr.
Valentine says:
"Definite knowledge ot the female organ
ism and brain allow us to assert that ths
volution of the woman ot today tends to
ward the more perfect utilising ot the
marvelous resources with which nature has
endowed her. Ths most - recent develop
ments of psychologies! sclencs ensbls me
to arrive at the practical conclusion that
happiness Is an art In which all could be
past masters It ws understood the elements
at our very door and knew bow to adapt
them to our special abilities and varying
exigencies ot our environment."
Mrs. Valentine la widely known In Paris
society, and ber receptions are popular
She writes under ths pseudonym of "Gene
vieve Lansy." She will accompany her bus-
band to ths Vnlted States.
Don't be a "Jim Dumps." If you have
force, come sell high-class books, an tx
cellenl profession, . Call (31 Faxtoa block.
WARDS HAVING SERIOUS TIME
One Seriously III aad Another Almost
Asphyxiated by Escap
ing Oas.
.
(Copyright, 1903, by Press Publishing Co.)
PARIS, Jan. 10. (New York World Cable
gram Special Telegram.) Countesa Ward,
who was divorced recently from her hus
band. Count Ward, sometimes styled "The
Copper King" In London, Is critically ill In
Mentone, in the south of France. She Is
attended by two medical specialists and
four nurses from a hospital.
Captain Cyril Blackburne Tew. and his
bride, the sister of Countess Ward, have re
ceived numerous congratulations on their
recent narrow escape from suffocation by
coal gas In Count Ward's Parte flat, on Rue
Leo Delibes. The bride Is out of danger,
but It will be some days before she is fully
restored.
This case has called attention to the fre
quency of such accidents In Paris apart
ments, owing to detective ventilation or
structural flaws, and has caused something
like a panic, providing a busy time for the
architects. Tenants now refuse to take pos
session of apartments without a certificate
ot safety from the architect. The practice
of sleeping with the windows closed, al
most universal In Paris, greatly Increases
the danger from defective flues or gas pipea.
Countess Ward, better known in America
as Mrs. Reginald Renshaw Ward, is the
daughter of H. Victor Newcomb of New
York and a kinswoman of Ward. ' She got
a divorce November 15. Count Ward for
merly lived In Boston, but afterward became
a member of the firm of Clark, Ward ft Co.,
brokera and bankers of New York. For
yeara he has made his home In London.
It Is gossip In London that Ward will
marry the Dowager Countess Howe next
May and that his divorced wife Is betrothed
to Nathaniel Griggs Ingraham of New York,
the wedding having been set to take place
February 16 In San Remo, Italy.
MRS. POTTER REJECTS OFFER
Pre v Ions Contract Compels Her to
Decline a Fine Proffered
Eaarasjement.
(Copyright, 1903, by Press Publishing Co.)
LONDON, Jan. 10. (New York World Ca
blegramSpecial Tejegram.) Mrs. Brown
Potter bad an offer of 11,600 a week to play
the leading part in the United 6tates in
Tolstoi's "The Resurrection." But she al
ready waa under contract tor a tour In
Great Britain to give recitations under
novel conditions, as the recitations are to be
accompanied with music. She led off with a
great success in London last Sunday.
Mrs. Potter was sorely tempted to ac
cept the American offer, but waa deterred
by recollections of grievous trouble she
Incurred at the outset of ber career by
breaking a contract to play Juliet In Mr.
Miner's company for the more enticing role
ot Cleopatra with Henry Abbey.
TURKS OUTDO THEMSELVES
Macedonians Punished Whether
They Hare Firearms
T Hot.
(Copyright. 1903. by Press Publishing Co.)
VIENNA. Jan. 10. (New York World Ca
blegramSpecial Telegram.) The Turkish
soldiery In Macedonia, on the frontier,
bave been distinguishing themselves by un
common brutality. Some Bashlbazouks and
regulars lately released from service began
a sort ot foray on their own account among
the Christian villages, ostensibly seeking for
arms. When no weapona were forthcoming
they flogged the owner of the house for
secreting them; when the weapons are found
be Is flogged tor possessing them.
In the Serblnovo district all the women
were driven Into ths barracks and scan
dalously ill-treated. Some were strangled.
The 10-year-old child ot a peasant named
Gorgl Gllew was chopped into pieces. In
the same village sevf.il persons were tor-
'? I 1
I
I
" Love lightens
labor," the say-
1 i vCiWVilto" 1 '"5 sense n
Li TrT NJ i true. But even love
yy 1 cannot lighten labor or
W t 1 1 make it easy for the worn-
uu wuu is in constant sui
fering from inflammation,
bearing - down pains or
other womanly diseases.
The one thing that can
make work easy for wom
en is sound health, and
I nil k! Dr' piereel Fvorite Pre
1 U: acription is the thing that
V'l llllil wil1 K'Te 80Un(1 health
to sict women, it cures
womanly diseases which
cause weakness, and cures
the backache, sideache, nervousness and
other ills which are the result of woman
ly diseases.
"I suffered from female weakness for five
months.' writes Miss Belle Hedriek. of Nye,
Putnam Co.. W. Va. "I was treated by s gucxl
physician but he never seemed to do me any
good. I wrute to Dr. R. V. Pierce for advice,
which I received, tellinr me Id take hia ' kavnr.
He Prescription ' and Golden Medics! Ducov-
ry wnen 1 Had uaed the medicine a month,
my health waa much improved. It hai contin
ued to improve until now I can work at a 1 moat
all kinda uf housework. I had scarcely any
appetite, but it la all right now. Have gained
evrrai pouiai in itiim ut. rierce meat
cinei have done wounerfullv well here. I
would advise all who suffer from chronic dis
eases to write to Dr. iTcrce
"Favorite Prescription" makes weak
women strong, sick women well. Ac
cept no substitute for the medicine
which works wonders for weak women.
Dr. Pierce's Common Sense Medical
Adviser is sent free on receipt of stamps
to pay expense of mailing only. Send
a i one-cent stamps lor tie paper-coverM
book, or 31 stamps for tbe cloth-bound
volume. Address Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buf
falo. N. Y.
j Why have Appendicitis when
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Tho W. J. SHRADER MED. CO., Omaha or New York.
I
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tickets to Kansas City will be
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Call and let us give you details.
Tickets
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f January 20th
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For Further Information
or Land Pamphlata. Foldera, Mapi. Me., addreaa anj
agent uf tb. i-umpany. or
T. F. GODFREY, P.T. A.,
S. E. Cor. Uth and Douglas, Ms.,
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BUSINESS STIMULATORS
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luaorsrd Aaraubers ul W. C T. IS,
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