it
2U
TUTS 03IAT1A DATLT BEEt STTNDAT, JUN15 2J), 1902.
TO CLEAR 1 SOLDIER'S NAME
Captain
Winder Btcitea an Unwritten
GhapteT of War Hiatarv.
REBEL LEADER NOT A CONSPIRATOR
Albert Sidney Johaatoa, Wli Fell at
hlloh. Did Rot Seek to Carry
California Into SosHbera
t'oafederar y.
Captain William A. Winder, a brother-ln-law
of Admiral Dewey and a distinguished
veteran of the union army during tbe civil
war, Ilea seriously 111 at an Omaha hotel.
Hla condition la precarious because of the
Infirmity of hla advanced age. He la now
ta hla 77th year.
"1 want to tell to the world a atory be
fore I leave it to vindicate the name and
memory of an honorable man who Buffered
from a cruel alander during the laat few
year of hla life and wboae memory baa
been defamed by a ruthleai, baselesa ut
terance." Thla statement waa made by the atrlcken
veteran to a reporter for The Bee one day
during the week. The man he wanted to
eionerate of false charges had been hla
enemy and tbe enemy of the United States
Bad been a leader of the southern con
federacy and therefore an assailant of the
federal government. Trominent In tbe
councils of hla self-proclaimed government
and active on its fields of battle, thla man
became a tower of atrength, a tremendous
factor In promoting the cause of secession
and widening the breach which separated
the sisterhood of states and Imperiled the
ualon.
Ja.tlce ke Soldier's Aim.
Tet this man had been maligned and It
lay In the power of the large-hearted hero
of the union to give the world the truth
and thus remove a stigma from an Innocent
and honored soldier'a memory. No bitter
hatred recurring in his mind over the fra
ternal strife of forty years ago atood be
tween this emaciated veteran and the per
formance of a duty which to him waa sol
emn and Imperative. In hla estimation the
"rebel" had been the victim of unarrupu
' ,lous and malicious prejudice and not only
Waa compelled himself to suffer anguish,
but was powerless to efface the false Ira
. presslon that hla posterity might at least
enjoy freedom from unfair pollution. Cap
tain Winder la the only survivor wbo Is
familiar with the details of this conspiracy,
aa he terma It, and therefore he feels that
he must record the truth before he dies,
that the world may know at last, after
a long period of years, that It has been
maliciously deceived.
General Albert Sidney Johnston, whom
history hss recorded as one of the soutb's
greatest soldiers, was In command of the
Department of the Pacific, with headquar
ters at Ban Francisco, Just before tbe out
break of the civil war.-' At the same time
Captain Winder waa In charge of the Island
of Alcatraz, the most Important fortifies
tlon to the harbor of Ran Francisco, though
a decidedly barren and uninviting terii
tory and sines converted Into a military
prison.
Ante-Bellnm ttnmora.
To repeat the words of Captain Winder,
Just prior to tbe actual hostilities between
the north and south, rumors of all sorts
regarding plans and maneuvers of the
south and southern men were afloat. Espe
cially did these reports gain circulation
and In most casea substantial credence
concerning men from the land of Dixie
who were then In the service, military and
civil, of the United Statea. Minds were
- Inflamed, sober judgment waa at a dis
count, and It Is not surprising at this late
day to be told that prejudice and passion
. were ruling motives. Under such condl
tlons It waa not difficult to secure a firm
lodgement In the minds of people of a story
which under ordinary circumstances would
have been dismissed after casual thought
as a mere canard.
Naturally enough, however, not all the
schemes and plots unearthed and attrib
uted to tbe sympathizers of the south were
untrue; many of them were founded upon
fact and were discovered in time to thwart
an evil purpose and avert disastrous con
sequences. In thla connection It may be
recalled that, aa Captain Winder relates,
there was general talk of a movement to
form an Independent government to be
known as tbe Republic of the Pacific, com
prising thoae states bordering on and near
the western boundary line of the United
States. This waa not a conspiracy on the
part of aouthern sympathizers, nor did it
have for Its purpose the promotion of the
cause of the south. The originators of the
Idea were not notably nouthern men, In
fact, they may all have been northern men.
But at any rate, there was no sinister
motive In It. It waa believed by the people
In that part of the country that, owing to
their isolated location and the poor facili
ties tor travel, U being necessary to go
from the east to the Pacific coast by way
of Cape Horn, a separate government, tem
- porarlly, would be a mutual benefit and
that when developments had reached that
atage where a reunion of atatea and their
administration were wisest, the ststes of
the west would be In a better condition to
advance the eommon Interests than If gov
rned under the old regime.
anstortera Were Sincere.
People clung to thta theory out on the
coast with great pertinacity, says Captain
Winder, and were perfectly sincere in
their plans. But they finally were con
vinced that their scheme was futile and
Impracticable and conaequently It waa
abandoned.
This wild Idea of an Independent govern
ment furnished tlie bssls for the reproach
brought upon Albert Sidney Johnston and
ultimately led to hla resigning his post,
leaving the service of the union and Join
ing the southern confederacy.
On receipt of news or the firing upon
Fort Sumter General Johnston Immediately
ordered all the munitions of war stationed
at Benecla arsenal, down the bay, removed
to Alcatraz Island. In this he had a two
fold purpose; primarily be sought to es
tablish the moat formidable fortifications
possible on the Island where the entrance
to San Francisco bay could be safely
guarded, and, secondly. It wsa hla plan to
get the, arms and ammunition away from
the arsenal to a place where they could
be properly protected. But thla maneuver
waa misinterpreted by Johnston's critical
observers and used to give plausibility to
tbe story of the conspiracy afterward cir
culated.
Captain Winder. In referring to this act
upon Johnston's part, declaree It the moat
judicious that could have been performed
and says that the general bad no intention
other than that of protecting his country's
InUrests to the best of his ability.
While the feeling agalnat Johnaton was
engendering In view of recent develop
ments Winder had a long talk with the
commander la bla camp at San Francisco,
la that conversation both tr en. who were
of southern nativity, Johnston being from
Texas, though a native of Kentucky, and
Winder from Maryland, discussed at length
the prospects of war and Its effect upon
their future careers.
"General Johnston told me at that time
that he waa la a quandary that It seemed
bla Brat duty was alwaa to his .native
state, and to Texas, which had made bint
all ikat he waa and given hint all that be
had, and yet he did not see bow he could
Join arms against the union, hla own be
loved country and under whose flag he bad
long been a aoldler. The man studied over
this matter with profoundest thought," Said
Captain Winder, "and I remember as dis
tinctly as though it were yesterday that
when we parted on that day the noble
Johnston, arkiing as I started to take ray
leave, extended his band and said: 'Well.
Winder, I bare no Intention now at least of
resigning my commission under the Stars
and Stripes and joining the confederacy.'
As for me, there was never any doubt In
my mind as to what my course would be,
though I tonfess that It cost me many a
severe struggle to tske sides against my
own relatives, as much as I loved the union,
and what It stood for."
Johnston and Winder parted. The former
remained at his post In San Francisco
while the subordinate o Ulcer returned to his
ramp on the island of Alcatraz. They did
not meet for several days, and when they
did Johnston revealed a decision formed
since their lest meeting which completely
astonished Winder.
Anscisen Ills - Resignation.
As Winder entered Johnston's quarters
the latter said: "Well, I guesa you will be
surprised when I tell you that I have re
signed my commission, forwarded the let
ter to Washington and decided to go to
Los Angeles, where I have relatives, but
not with any Idea of going back to the
south to Join the army of Jefferson Davis."
"Yes, I am surprised. Indeed, was Win
der's quick response. "But If that Is your
decision. General Johnston, after careful
consideration of the weighty consequences
Involved, I have nothing to say, except I
would like to know what has led to your
sudden change of mind."
Since the two men had seen each other
information reached Johnston from Wash
ington by pony express which Justified this
action on his part. A friend at tbe national
capital had Informed him that word had
reached the seat of government that he
had become the leader of a conspiracy to
throw the Pacific states Into the confed
eracy and thus use the Influence of his
office In betraying his country, to promote
the cause of secession. This report, born
of Ignorance or malice, according to Cap
tain Winder, was given credence at Wash
ington and General Sumner was at onje
ordered to hasten to San Franciaco by
aecret mission to supersede Johnston.
Ready to Be Relieved.
But instead of being In Ignorance of the
plana at Washington Johnston was care
fuly Informed aa to what bad taken place.
He told Captain Winder of these circum
stances, and declared that If the govern
ment had lost faith in him and could no
longer truat him he could do It no good by
remaining In Its service, and hence desired
not to await Ruroner's arrival, but resign
forthwith. Consequently Johnston's resig
nation was In Washington long before Sum
ner had reached San Francisco, and when
Sumner did arrive he found his predeces
sor ready to turn over his office and every
thing pertaining to It. Sumner, wbo had
even guarded hla coming with auch secrecy
ss to enter San Francisco at a lower and
out-of-the-way port, Instead of at the main
harbor, was overwhelmed with surprise at
Johnston's knowledge of events and his
thorough preparation, and a slight chagrin
was appnrent on his part. It actually re
quired but ten or fifteen minutes for the
retiring officer to d"liver his poBt, papers
and all equipment over to his successor
Johnston acted upon his original deter
mination and went to Los Angeles, where
bo became very popular and waa besieged
with various business offers and induce
meats of most flattering sorts. It was hid
plan to settle at Los Angeles and not join
the confederate army, but he found It im
possible to resist the urgent demands made
for his co-operation and services by the
'south and he finally yielded, joining the.
southern army and fighting its battles
against his former government until his
tragic death at Shlloh.
Having been thus superseded by Sumner
and gone to the south, Johnston was then
made the permanent victim of tbe slander
that he had systematically endeavored to
wheel the states of the Pacific Into
the confederacy, and It was folly for friends
to seek to correct this impression at that
time. Johnston was stung to the quick
by tbe ill-fated course events had taken
and la said to have carried his grief to
his grave. He made no attempt personally
dissuade the authorities at Washington
from the opinion into which they had been
misled.
Khrrnin Believed tbe "tory.
Some years after the war the story of
General Johnston's alleged perfidy was re
peated by General William Tecumseh Sher
roan at a banquet In Cincinnati. General
Sherman, like thouaauda of others, had
ceased to question the truthfulness of the
stery and had accepted it as true. But
General Sherman's attention was called to
the Inaccuracy of the story by Captain
Winder and also by Colonel Stevenson, who
was asaociated with General Johnaton for
a time on the coast and knew the full clr
curastancea of the case.
It waa coincidental that both these former
associates and friends of Johnston's should
have written Sherman at the same time, al
most upon tbe same day. They learned of
Sherman's utterance through newspaper
reports and. knowing the great warrior aa
both did, they were sure he would be glad
to learn that the story which he had Inno
cently repeated was untrue, and would be
clad to make amends tor relating It.
In reply to the letter written him upon
this occasion by Captain Winder, General
Sherman wrote the following:
911 OARRTSON AVENUE. ST. LOUIS
xi v :in iK&i contain William A,
Winder. San Diego, Cal.: My Dear Friend
1 have your letter or tne ;asi. Dear inn ta
riltinnal iHtlmnnv to what Colonel 8teven
son has already sent me, to the effect that
nlthmiffti mere was a conspiracy ur
tempted conspiracy in California to seise
the arsenal, forts, etc., somewhat as was
rinna In Tmu. the attempt was frustrated
before the arrival of General Sumner, If
not before he started; that tienerai jonn
ston was In no manner compromised and
that .Inhnatnn had not communicated to
WaHhlngton at all. in another letter be
sends me what amounts to the claim of
Sacramento editor, who sent a raessaa
across by the pony express because ho
could not trust the telcgrapn.
General Keyes also. In hla new book
"Fifty Years' Experience of Men and
Events " boars enuul teatimony to the hon
orable character of General Johnston and
says that the order releasing him ant
aenriina flumner out was maJe bv Gen
eral 8 ott. at the Instance of Mr. Seward
on information given by Senator Kesmllh
(or California).
Of myself. I. of course, pretend to no
Knowledge, but am sure It was ine genera
impresHlon or tne country mat tne cnangi
ol commanders at that critical momen
saved San Francisco and California from
the effects of a tumult or even an attempt,
I was only too glad to learn tne truth,
which you now so amply affirm, that Gen
eral Johnston was absolutely true to his
trust, so consistent with his previous
exalted reputation and so creditable to th
resrular army, now more damaged by th
defection of a few of its high officers In isl
than by any other cause since Its creation.
I have sent all previous papers to the
Cincinnati Historical club and will In other
ways correct the hitherto wrong lmpres
slon. As or old, your rriena,
W. T. BHKRMAN.
P. 8. Please show this to Dr. tirtfttn. for
whom I have the warmest affection.
W. T. 8.
(Dr. Oriffln was an uncle of General
Albert Sidney Johnaton).
Train sever Pabllsbea.
Although this correction waa made In the
mind of General Sherman and the general
no doubt did what he could, personally, to
counteract tbe influence of the false report
wnlrh be had innocently repeated, no pub
llshed contradiction of the statement waa
mado at that or any other time. In fac
Captain Winder aays the real story has
never before ben printed. For years
has been his intention to place the fac
upon record through the medium of aome
leading newspaper that they might be given
free course and general circulation. He
has therefore selected The Bee to aid hlra
In effacing what be consldera a malignant
slander from tbe memory of an honorable
man.
Winder and Johnston were much attached
to each other and, although one wore the
blue and the other the gray, their friend
ship continued throughout the bitter strug
gles of that fraternal war and Winder was
keenlv afflicted wben the news reached him
that Albert Sidney Johnston had succumbed
to wounds received at the battle of Shlloh.
t'aptaln Winder's Career.
Captain Winder's own life presents many
Interesting pbsses. He waa born In the
city of Baltimore. He served In the wsr
with Mexico and gained considerable dis
tinction at the battle of Buena Vista, after
which he was commissioned lieutenant of
artillery. At the close of the Mexican war
he served with his regiment In an effort to
subdue the Seminole Indians in Florida.
During the civil war he was with the Army
of the Potomac in command of Battery G,
Third artillery, before be was again sent
to Alcatraz. His thorough knowledge and
skill In the use of artillery made him a
valuable man to command tbe troops that
were to guard the mouth of San Francisco
bay, the most Important fortification on the
Pacific coast. At this post he remained
for three years and a half, until the close
of the war. During that time he made a
number of requests to be given a change
f location because of the almost Intolerable
conditions which existed on the Island, but
the government needed bim there and so
e remained.
Captain Winder's arrangement for the
protection of the western coast at so crlt
leal a time was claimed to have been the
most effective that could then be devised.
Captain Winder's father was In the con
federate army and, owing to this fact and
the young officer's southern birth, a sua
plclon as to his loyally arose during bis
ncumbency of the Alcatraz station, which
ed Brigadier General Wright, who suc
ceeded General 8umner aa commander of
the Department of the Pacific, to Bend a
Captain Black, with his company, to Join
Winder. These suspicions were soon dis
missed by the superior offlcors, however.
not worthy of thought, and Captain
Winder's actual loyalty waa never brought
into question.
Captain Winder Is a physician by pro
fession, but he has devoted but a few years
of his busy life to practice. He remained
In the military service of the country for
some years after the war. Later he went
to San Diego, Cal., which place he atlll
consldera his home.
For the last seven years he has been
Hotting agent for the government on the
Rosebud Indian reservation. His health
has failed and he Is now in Omaha being
treated. Hla condition, while possibly not
larmlng, is serious.
Captain Winder married a daughter or
Governor Goodwin of New Hampshire, an
other daughter of whom waa the wife of
Admiral Dewey.
A LITERARY RECESS.
Ennobling Thoughts Rndely IJla-
tnrbed by an Intruder.
This Is the tale of a tailor, a pair of
rousers and a woman's club, and the scene
Is in Somerville, Mass., a city which faces
the back yard of Charles Eliot Norton's
estate. "It was this way," said William
Gariy of Brookline, quoted by the New York
Tribune. "A Somerville man moved, and
later took a pnlr of trousers to his tallur
to be pressed. Ho forgot to tell the tailor
be tiad moved, and the trousers were re
turned, with no name on the bundle, to tho
old address. The servant took the bundle
from the boy and carried It In to tho new
mistress of the house, who was at the tlmo
entertaining the literature class of the
woman's club. Maeterlinck and spring
styles were undor discussion when the
nameless bundle entered. 'Whav can it be?'
said the hostess; 'It is too large for cake
and too square for flowers.' . 'Open It!'
cried tho literature class, crowding around.
"So the bundle was opened. Silence en
sued: then confusion. 'This Is a very funny
Joke, indeed,' said the hostess grimly, 'and
someone will pay dearly for it. Betty (call
ing to the servant), come and remove these
garments at ones. Who sent them?
Please, mum, I think It was the breeches;
1 mean the tailor's boy.' 'Take them away
and keep them till he calla for them.
Ladles, let us go on with "The Life of the
Bee," ' she said. Later the owner recov
ered them. That is how I know."
EDUCATIONAL, .NOTES.
The Raron de Htrsch school fund In
Onlm-la maintains fifty schools The num
ber of teachers amounts to 217 and there are
6.634 DUDlls.
Dr. D. L. Kiehl. head- or the department
of pedagogy ot the University or Minnesota,
Is about to retire rrom tne position, wuiuu
he has held ror twenty-seven years.
Renatnr T H. Carter has Dresented to the
University ot Montana hla private collec
tion of "ConereBSlonal Records," which
give a complete history of government from
tne meeting ot me nrn vuoirm iu uw
close or tne last.
Dr. William Lowe Bryan, who has been
elected president of Indiana State uni
versity, has been vice president of that in
stitution slnee 18S9. He is 44 years old, an
Indiana university graduate of 1SS4 and haa
been teacher of pedagogy and phllouophy
Since inoo. ilia urumer, niuon injau.
president of the state Agricultural college
at f unman, vvasn.
Tha real ana tlnn of Prof. Charles W. Hors-
well of the chair of Hebrew language and
literature at Garrett Biblical institute. Chi
cago, has been accepted. It was tendered
hnrause of his extreme conclusions In
higher criticism." He naa neid me ptace
for thirteen years and me trustees give
Prof. Horswell the highest praise as
'ripe scholar and inspiring teacher.
The advice srtven by Charles M. Schwab
to the graduates of the Pennsylvania State
college "Never ask your friends to help
you nptning will ever ao you so muca
injury as to start life with Influence," re
ceived its beet comment In his action.
Finding that one of the most promising
of the craduatea was going to decline a
post-grauuate scholarship which be had won
because he felt obliged to quit college to
earn ms living, Air. ocnwao very gener
ously offered him 11,000 to finish the course
ana tne young man very sonsiuiy ac
ceuted it.
New York City, with a school budget of
nearly tjo.OuO.UOu thla year a larger sum
than la extended for purposes of education
by any otner city in tne worm ana very
much larger than is expended by many
countries is far at the head of the list of
American cities in this particular, though
the expenses for school purpose! In other
cities have been Increasing rapidly In re
cent years. Boston expends for public
instruction nearly S3.000.ui0 a year: Phil
delpbla. which on account of low rents and
tne Homogeneity or its population, nas
small school expense compared with its
large population, 13,S00,uX, and Washing
ton, which has a very large illiterate
colored population, Sl.lSO.OOO.
There seems to be a rather greater de
mand than usual for women teachers of
soology, a study which women ought really
to And one of the most interesting, but,
strange as It may seem, the average woman
student does not care particularly for It
and few specialise in thla direction. Sev
eral years ago Prof. M. A. Wilcox of Wel
lesley had an application for a woman
teacher and recommended one who began
with a salary of ti.2u0. This year she had
four applications, but It Is usually required
that such teachers shall have had experi
ence, and Mlas Wilcox suggests that any
students who are going on with the work
might find it worth while to let her know.
The head of one of the teachers' agencies
says that there is no subject In which he
has so much difficulty in Ailing positions
as in soology.
Aa Interesting; Wanaaa.
An Interesting woman. Mrs. Kllsabeth
Cooper Mclntlre. aged 12, has Jiint died
in Philadelphia, with teeth, eyes and facul
ties remarkably preserved to the last.
Often she referred to meeting L layette In
lh34 and recounted the pleasure experienced
In Hhxking hand with the Kreiu.h general.
When her brother. Lieutenant lYanclt
Cooper, waa stationed at Fort MJfrlln dur
ing the war of 14 1 2 she made frequent
visit there and during the civil war waa
one of the asslatants at the old cooper shop
refreshing building, where the union sol
diers were so well caxvd for by patriotic
women.
WOMEN IN FEDERAL SERVICE
Larga Number Employed as Clerii in th
Department! at Washington.
PRECIOUS FEW SNAPS' TO BE HAD
Denial of the Cherished Tradition
That Only Pretty Women with Fo
lltlral Inflaenee Are A -pointed
and Advanced.
About one-third of all employe In the
government departments at Washington are
women. Several receive over $2,500 per
annum, about fifty receive $1,600 per an
cum, 100 receive $1,400 per annum, 450 re
ceive $1,200, 300 $1,000 and the remainder
receive from $S60 to $900 per annum.
The government employe at Washington
Is always regarded by the outsider with
mora or less envy, writes a correspondent
of the Boston Transcript. Every woman
who cannot play the part of one of Solo
mon's "lilies of the field." but must "toll"
or "spin," looks with Jealous longing at
what are supposed to be tha "snaps" at
Washington. The "snaps" are Just waiting
to be picked up by the right people, and
with that cold-blooded Institution, the
United States Civil Service commission. In
prime working order, tha right people are
very easily selected.
The Civil Service commission records for
last year show that 3,083 women were ex
amined for the various positions open to
them under the civil service. Of these 2.47
pawed and 444 were appointed; 1,351 of the
applicants examined came under the head
of "akllled labor." This Is the easiest ex
amination given and the lowest salaries are
paid to those appointed under it, the re
muneration ranging from 25 cents an hour,
amounting to from $20 to $40 a month to
$60 a month. The higher salaries generally
go to the men employed from this class;
the lower salaries are paid to the char
women. Stenoarraphera tn Demand.
The most popular examination for women
s that for stenographers and typewriters.
'Good stenographers" is the ceaseless de
mand of the department official not
mediocre but good par excellence. On
stenographic examination days the big
dreary examination room at the commis
sion is crowded with the trembling appli
cants. Nowadays the stenographer Is of
necessity a typewriter and the preliminary
tinkle and click reverberates from every
known make of writing machine. The men
predominate. Last year they numbered
563, while the women had little more than
half that representation 307 yet the aver
age passing was larger on the female side.
But when it came to the question of ap
pointment eighty-nine ot the 174 men who
rassed received good positions, while only
thirteen out of the 100 women on the eligi
ble list were appointed. 'These positions
carry a salary of from $600 to $1,200 a year;
the stenographers of bureau chiefs receive
$1,600 and those of the head of the de
partments $1,800. The commissioner of pen
sions employs a woman stenographer and
many of rife lower officials refuse to have
male stenographers In their offices.
Men Outclassed.
In those classes which are open to the
competition of both men and women the
records show much greater ability on tho
side of the latter. Last year there were
8,033 male applicants and 2,175 female for
these examinations. The successful com
petition numbered 1,785 male and 1,611
female, and yet three times as many men
as women were appointed. This preference
for the male clerk In tho departmnta will
endure as long as the sterner sex sit in the
high places. thousand reasons are urged
why men should have the preference. The
very poorest is that a woman In .an office
interferes with the freedom of Its male
contingent. As freedom is frequently con
strued to mean an absence of coats in warm
weather and an atmosphere of Plutonian
density In cold weather, then by all means
let us have tho "Interference." The best
reason offered is that the average govern
ment salary is big enough for two, and
therefore should go to a head of a family
or a prospective head. All very well and
good as far as the present head of a family
goes but as for the prospective heed he Is
apt to think a very long time before he
really confesses that $100 a month divided
by two, or more, Is quite as pleasant as
the undivided whole. Furthermore, this
reason might serve as equally good ground
for employing women.' Hardly one woman
out of every fifty In the departments (If
we except the girla In the cenaus bureau")
but la either the head of a family herself
or one of Its main props. A great many
have mothers whom they care for, while
the brothers are married, or perhaps not
doing so well.
Palls of Little Vala.
An erroneous opinion prevails that the
woman government employe Is shoved Into
position by an Influential member of con
gress; that her working hour are a sort ot
quiet resting time, and that congressional
backing is constantly pushing her a notch
higher on the salary roll. Now, ahe is no
morn a fit subject for jealousy than any
other successful woman. She works Just
as hard end larder sometimes than her
slater on the outside. In the first place, all
the influence at Washington wen't put ber
on the "eligible list" of the Civil Service
commlsstou. In tho second place, wben sh
haa secured a place sh must work to keep
It, and expert work for six hour and a
half a day la not easy. There must be no
errors in account, no mistakes in letters,
no misstatements, ot fact. Government
work Is well paid only when, well done. In
the third place, promotions are the award
of merit. A very atriklng Illustration of
this occurred last winter when a young
woman waa made chief of one ot the divi
sions In tho Postofflce department, becauae
she knew more about the work of that par
ticular division than any other employe in
It. She receives a salary of $2,240, on of
th best paid to any woman In th serv
ice. Miss Thora Stejneger of th Smithsonian
institution Is another woman who I earn
ing large wages. Miss Stejneger is a Nor
wegian wbo has devoted her life to th
study of animals. Sh has charge of the
classification of all animals .received by
the Smithsonian, and many ar th queer
specimens that she examine and labels
with unerring skill.
A Western Worker.
Miss Estella Reel, superintendent of In
dian schools, does th work and endure th
hardship fbat ar supposed to be th lot of
men exclusively. The poorest Indian school
on the faraway frontier must b visited
quit aa regularly aa th famous Institu
tions at Carlisle and Hampton. Miss Reel
has had many adventures and not a few
mishaps. Often she is obliged to drive for
miles In a buck board or on a rattling stage
coach, and camp all night on the open pra
irie tha lustllng prairie grass tor a mat
tress, a Navajo blanket tor covering, the
start -studded sky for csnopy and a dear lit
tle revolver for company. Last year while
.fording a rive in Indian Territory her
wagon was upset and she waa swept down
stream for nearly half mil and was res
cued by a cowboy just as ab waa being
whirled Into some deep and dangerous rap
Ids. No on will say that this woman doe
dm earn her $3,000 a year, with th addi
tional $1,500 for traveling expenses and sub-
fsistanc If Miss Reel could eat Unci
Bam s greenbacks and gold pieces, very-
thing would b comfortable, but ther ar
Indian village where all the "necessary
expens." appropriation for the White
House state dinner would not buy a square
meal. Recently Miss Reel wrote a textbook
for Indian schools which embraced every
topic of educational training tor the Indian
student.
Brains Better Than Good Looks.
It Is a mistaken Idea also that good looks
Influence promotions. A rase In mind Is
that of a young lady In one of the depart
ments, decidedly unpreposse sslng In appear
ance, who entered the government service as
a copyist, wss advanced to a stenographer's
position, and while holding that position
studied that branch of law applicable to the
work of the department In which sh was
employed. Called upon by accident to ex
amine a complicated case she rendered so
i comprehensive and able a legal derision
that she was promoted to tne position or
law clerk, which she now holds. All this
was without political Influence or the sup
posed power of good looks.
Outside of the salaries paid skilled la
borers, printers' assistants and press feed
ers, which rarely If ever exceed $40 a
month, remuneration for women In the de
partments run from $650 to $1,400 a yesr
that Is, for the average clerk. It has
been urged that the women drawing these
comparatively good salaries are being
spoiled for wives. Perhaps they are. No
on can' blame a girl for being reluctant to
give up a comfortable income and the free
dom to live as she plesses for the cares
and worries of married life. When a de
partment girl does marry she usually makes
a success of It. No dashing ne'er-do-well
can hope to catch her fancy and her neat
nest egg. She meets and knows too many
men not to be able to catalogue them.
Then, the matrimonial chances In Wash
ington are few. It la not a business town.
The male department clerk Is not an "eligi
ble" by any means. He frequently geta no
more per month than his female co-laborer
and sometimes less. A large proportion
of them live from hand to mouth and are
"flush" only on salary daya and "broke"
on all others.
"Old Ladles of the Trennury."
Much has been said and written about
the "old ladles of the treasury." It Is
true, there are a great many elderly women
In that department but surely their age Is
no cause for complaint. Some are In the
70s. one or two have drifted along to 80
odd. Their salaries all touch or overlap
th $100 per month mark. Among them are
the widows and daughters of famous men.
For years they have worked in this biggest
bank In the world and millions upon mil
lion of dollars have they helped to pour
out through the enormous check books over
which their white heads are constantly
bent. The treasury contains the most in
teresting workers in Washington ,liese ar
the women whose skillful eyes an delicate
fingers can detect a counterfeit tn a second.
So expert are they that a glance suffices.
Occasionally, however, a counterfeit is so
near the original that It takes considerable
time and labor to prove the forgery. In th
case of a bogus bill the psper Is soaked
and then separated by meana of a slender
knife. The government greenback Is made
up of three thin sheets pressed together
with hairlike threads of silk between. One
can imagine the stead Inesa of hand required
to separate these sheets one from another
without tearing or mutilating thera In any
way. These women are not paid extremely
large salaries for their work, not over
$1,800 per annum, yet it is doubtful If any
men could be found to do the work regard
less of salary.
Where Women Beat Men.
Soma pension officials declare that If
male Instead of female clerks were em
ployed on tho pension cases of our old
soldiers, their widows and orphans, the
poor prospective pensioners would die of
starvation before action was reached on
their claims. In cases where exactitude
to the verge of finlcklness is required,
women are better clerks than men. This
has been borne out In th work of the
census, bureau, where the tabulating ma
chine requiring unending patience, and the
most skillful exactness of touch, are all
run by women.
It Is a well-dressed crowd of women and
girls who troop down to the departments
In the mornings, the women, may of them,
from once wealthy families, dressed tn
somber black, the girls in short skirt and
tailored waist. Indeed, this sensible cos
tume of short skirt and shirtwaist haa
become almost a uniform, so general "has
been its adoption. It signifies the passage
of tha old Idea that woman in business
is playing at work. She has tried It and
found it good, now she is going to dress
for It, and those of her sex who are ener
getic and ambitious enough to secure tha
shekels from Uncle Sam's moneybag
should not be objects of envy, but rather
of emulation. The way of obtaining these
places Is tedious and long, but under the
method employed by the Civil Servlco
commission It is open to all, and no matter
how remote the place may be, opportunities
are given to those wbo live there to take
the civil service examination, which la the
prerequisite for employment In the govern
ment service.
LABOR AND IXDISTRY.
There are 244 establishments, employing
I.8S9 glovemakers. In the United States.
The executive council of the American
Federation of Labor recommends mass
meetings on July 4 and Labor Day to pro
teat against the Injunction abuse.
One of the strongest organised national
bodies of labor In the T'nlted States la the
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners. Its
annual convention will be held In Atlanta
next September.
The Brotherhood of Painters, Decorator
and Psper Hangers of America issued
eighty-three charters ror the quarter end
ing March 31. 1902. making the total number
ot locals under its banner t-i.
The Civic federation I attempting In a
new way to settle the great coal strike. It
baa failed to get any concessions trom the
operators and now Is trying to reach tho
principal stockholder in the mines af
tec ted.
Baggage smasher of Chicago have or
ganized and the next thing will be union
labels on freight and baggage to inaure
safe transportation. The union has for
mally affiliated with the National Brother
hood of Railway Employes.
President Bufflngton of the Illinois Steel
company in announcing a 10 per cent in
crease of wages for the workmen em
ployed at the Jollet mills says that the
action of the management Is "In recogni
tion of the advanced cost of living."
The work of organizing the retail drug
clerk of Baltimore into a union to affiliate
with the Federation of Labor has begun
It Is said that Baltimore and Philadelphia
are the only two large cities in the coun
try where the clerks are not organized. An
eight-hour work day will be demanded by
the union.
From the first of tho year up to last
mrnth 10,000 Japanese laborers nad been
sent to Hawaii. It Is reported that advices
have been received from Hawaii to the ef
fect that no more emigrants should be
sent tor the present, as there are fears
tit the emigration act being enforced.
A petition setting forth their grievances
and demanding an advance of wages being
circulated through tha country among the
Pullman conductors now haa lSiuo signers.
It demands that all new conductors be paid
XA6 a month for the first six months of
their service, 170 the second six months
and $80 after they have served one year.
The south Is keeping up with the pro
cession of trusts. A combination of cotton
yard mills Is being organised with a capi
talisation of teu.ouO.OOO. The object is to fix
prices, regulate production -and float truat
bond In New York and New England while
the fever tut auch Investments Is on.
Th striking machinists of the Allls-Chal-mer
company at Chicago returned to work
last week. They gained about 4 per cent
Increase In wages over the amount offered
by th company before the strike was In
augurated. Under the terms of the settle
ment the men will work ten hours except
Saturday, when they work five hours, mak
ing a nfty-flve-hour week. The union has
paid out iSo.OGO In strike benefits, suffering
has been endured and human life sacrificed.
Th company has returned to a ten-hour
day, but i his condition la Ukely to b temporary.
The
ecotid
Volume
of
Livin
Animal
of
The.
World
verges from the animals that walk
the earth to the animals that fly in
the air
The last section XII of the first
volume prepares the way by tell
ing of and picturing flying mice,
flying squirrels, etc The early
sections of volume H take up the
following very interesting subjects.
Every Bird
Photographed
Every Page
Illustrated.
Section XIV
Gulls
Auks
Plovers
Cranes
Penguins
Herons
Storks
Section XV.
Swans
Ducks
Geese
Birds of Prey
Owls
Etc.
Each Section 10 Cents.
By Mail 15 Cents.
24 Sections in all.
At the counting room of
The
Omaha Daily Bee,
Omaha, Neb.
s
Section XIII.
Ostriches
Game Birds
Pigeons
Grouse
Etc
Every Animal
Photographed
Every Page
Illustrated
