Nebraska Newspapers

    0
THIS OMAHA DAILY JlEKt MONDAY, JAJfUAKY 27, 1902.
i
AebUTiiBR Mas' Fsiilblt Bj Itttm,
Eltotricity and Oomprtue Air.
IHIUMr'h'S IN BRIDGING AND TUNNELING
An Arllflclnl lllvrr T rnly-IJUlit
Miles Lone l'rmTnn of I'rePtlnK
(lulclmnnH Other lnr
Inir Frntn.
About the newest of nil ureal engineer
ing itructures Is, to mot people, tba
commonest, tlie modern railroad bridge,
and It Is hard to realize that nothing at
all like It, even for highway purposes,
existed fifty years ago. Now nlmost every
one of thoso which wcro earliest built havo
been found Inadequate by tho enormous
increase of trafflc nnd the weight of loco
motives, nnd have been replaced by steal.
Each span Is made accofdlng to drawings,
with hundreds of beams, girders, bars,
rods nnd columns, riveted nud forged nnd
bored In distant shops, but never fitted
together until they arrive by dozens of
carloads at th site, nnd arc quickly as
sembled to mako n slender, self-supporting
framework with tho rigid pieces which
weigh thousands of pounds fitted accu
rately nnd swiftly In place llko tho mechan
ism of n watch. This Is hard enough to
do across n stormswept bay, over. an al
most bottomless river, whero thero Is a
flcrco current or high tides, or whero, llko
tho Niagara gorge, tho height Is so great
that no support can bo built up from tho
bottom, nnd the spnn has to support itself
during construction; but nil theso difficul
ties nro small to iho brldgo builder, com
pared to the requirement, often met, that
an old bridge of perhaps mnny spnns must
bo replaced by n new one, In exactly tho
namo place, of the samo dimensions nnd
supported on the very snmo piers, without
Interrupting appreciably tho nlmost con
stant traffic which demanda pnssage nearly
every hour In the twenty-four for long
freight trains or rushing expresses.
Such was. tho case with tho Florence
brldgo ncross tho Tonnesaeo river In Ala
bama. There wcro twelvo spanB of about
120 feet each, which carried n slnglo track
railroad un top and n highway between
tho trusses. Tho old wooded spans could
not oven support tho now steel ones dur
ing erection, although tho masonry piers
had amplo strength. Woodon towers wcro
built on tho top edges of the old bridge,
outsldo tho track, abovo two adjacent
plors. Abovo theso towers, nearly twenty
flvo feet over tho track, a complcto now
tamporary span of wood and Iron ns long as
tho longest span of tho old brldgo was
built. A mew permanent span wati assem
bled together, suspended from the under
wide of It, clear of tho trains which passed
uninterruptedly through It and under the
temporary span.
llmv It Won Hone
"When It was finished and track laid on
top of It, the under sldo vn lashed to the
upper sldo of tho old span nnd It was ad
ditionally suspended from tho overhead
temporary span by four vertical threo and
a half-Inch steel screw rods about thirty
feet long, ono at each corner, which had
nuts bearing on top of tho temporary span.
A Biiltablo Interval between trnlna was se
lected, tho ends of the old span chopped
away, tho lashings between tho now and
temporary npnra removed and then tho nuts
on tho great screws were slacked off by
gears operated by a ntcnm cnglno at each
end, and both spans wcro lowered smoothly
and safely together, about twenty-two feet.
In less than an hour; tho old one dropping
down almost to tho water's edge and tho
now ono following to occupy Its former
placo and rest on masonry seats which
were perpared meantime. A few minutes
later trains wore running across tho new
span, the old ono was removed at lclsuro
nnd tho overhead span was rolled along
Until Its towers rested abovo tho next pier,
another spnn wns .replaced, nnd so on until
tho whole iupcratnicturo hud been replaced
with about 1,600,000 pounds of steel. It
took thirty-four men only eighty days to
rebuild tho bridge.
Tho dllllculty and expenso of building
eoltd foundations for n bridge whero the
water l very deep or swift or the bottom
unetablo la very great. In soft soils tho
utmost effort Is mado to prevent any dan
gor of eettlcmcnt or of undermining by
Hoods and swift current, nnd whero piles
are not used It Is generally necessary to
carry tho masonry down to solidrock or to
n unto dlstauco In earth and sand. This Is
nlwnys very difficult on .account of tho tre
mendous pressuro of tho earth and water at
a great depth, nud tho danger of working
thero even when It Is possible to exclude
the water. In this country cribs or cassons
are often sunk by mechanical processes or
by men working In pneumatic pressure and
then nro filled with concrete.. In India,
whero tho soft alluvial toll extends to a
great depth and Is oaturatod with water
and will (low llko mud, they mako It support
heavy foundations partly by Its ntlckyncss.
For mauy years they havo built hollow
cylindrical brick piers from twenty to 100
feet dcop, which hold heavy loads chiefly
by tho friction on their sides. Originally
theso hollow piers, a fow foet in diameter,
woro built up on woodon rings laid on tho
ground In tho bottom of pita dug down to
water lovel. A natlvo diver went lnsldo
nnd dug up tho bottom with an ndzo-llko
tool, laboriously undermining tho wnlls, so
that thoy gradually sottlod a few Inches
a week as tho tops wcro built on high abovo
tho surface of tho ground. Afterward the
excavation was done by dippers attached
to loug poles and sometimes by buckets
with valves In tho bottom. Itecontly largo
pier foundations for railroad bridges havo
been mado with two or threo brick cylinders
twelvo or fifteen feet In dlnmoter. which
wcro shod with circular Iron girders hav
ing sharp, cutting edges and a horizontal
Hhclf to recolvo tho brickwork. Steam
dredging mnchlnes were set on top of tho
juors nnn unuormining tno shoes, allowed
tho piers to settlo forty or fifty beet below
tho river bed. Thd friction on the sides of
tho pier became nt last so reat thin the
weight of tho brickwork built high abovo
tho Biirfnco of tho ground would not sink It
nnd Abo last of tho descent wos accom
plished by loading the top of the finished
pier with hundreds of thcusnnds of pounds
of rails piled on In overhanging crossed
layers.
t'lilfKRn'a IIIk Cnunl.
Ono of tho most Important, Interesting
nnd remarkablo engineering feats on this
continent was tho construction of tho Chi
cago drainage canal, a canul twenty-eight
rnllos long, dug at an expense of over $30,-
puu.uuu, it taps tno Chicago river homo dls
tanro abovo Us mouth and causes Its foul
waters, mixed with o largo quantity drawn
from the lake, to flow a short distance up
fttream nnd then through tho canal Into tho
Desplnities river, and thenco to the Oulf of
Mexico. Tho canal Is cut to a depth of
twcuty-two foet below the water level, and
for several miles through tho prairie Is
nearly 300 fpet wldo on top, and required
tho excavation of over 280,000,000 cubic
yards of earth, which had to be dug up,
lifted out and piled In great hills, often
hundreds of feet away from the edgo of tho
canal bank, As tho average prlco paid for
txravathig, lifting and removing tho earth
was nbcut 1 cent a cubic foot, only n frac
lion of what Is usuully paid for ordinary
quantities of excavation, tho contractors
were oblljed to invent cheap methods, and
2D FEATS
ffin tin(il firlnntrttA nt ifntAua wna fnttrwl in
be In handling tho earth In large quantities
nnd keeping It continuously moving. Most
nf If n'na ftllr t.v a, nam atint.nl n'Ahl In It In
tho bottom of tho trench, which could ncoop
up n wagon load nt once, nnd do It on an
AWnrAfTA f mmma r. ... I r, t n ..flnMnf nil llfltf
long. In ono place tho steam shovel worked
bade and forth ncross tno canal cutting n
section ten feet wide nnd fourteen feet deep
.tt ench trip. Kach bucketful of a ton or
more of hard, sticky clay was dumped by
inc snovei into tne nopper 01 n grinding
mnnMtin trhlh ilnltvpritH ll nn Inn nf un
cndlefs, wldo rubber belt extended across
the bottom of the canal. A second boil
rniirhpfl un tn fhn ton nf the slone and In
turn overlapped the end of n third, which
was carried along tho floor or n "joii-iooi
bridge elevated thirty feet nbovo tho
srouud on rolling towers at each end. Each
of the threo bolts was supported on rollers
hollowed n llttlp In tho center, llko dire
boxes, which made It sufficiently concavo to
retain the clay, llko n trough. They wcro
driven nt a Bpeed of about seven feet per
second, nnd ceaselessly carried the cl.ay
away from tho shovel, up the canal slope,
on top of tho bridge and over It to n varN
nhln nnlnl. whnre h dlnconnl scrancr WJS
set across It, nnd pushed the'load off, to fall
through tho brldgo uoor ami pno up on im
ground underneath. When tho steam shovel
completed a nut across the canal, which
perhaps required two days, Its trucks, the
belts nnd tho brldgo wero oil moved ton feet
ahead, nnd tho process wob kept up con
tinuously. Many of tho cnunns 01 ciay
vrrn n nrat an a man's head, and It was
nmunlnif in watch them rldo aulotly along
until they commenced tho ascent of tho
steep bank, and then begin to roil ami
iiimhin nnd ntnrt down with an evideni de
termination not to go up that slopo under
nny clrcumstancos. rnoy woum nurry mm
ncrnrnhln os fast as nosslblo, but It was not
steep enough for them to fall qulto as fast
as the belt traveled, and It woum Keep
picking them up again and ngaln, each time
lifting them a little higher beforo they
would succeed In stnrtlng down, until at
last they were landed on the level belt on
top.
TnnnclinK Tliroimli tiilokmul.
Illnnflnir n tunnel through tho solid rock
la iki.hIIv pnnatitprod an easy and a com
paratively safe taBk. Excavating It In
splld clay with a good deptn 01 mo samo
material overhead Is sometimes still easier.
Even quicksand may be pierced at tho ex
penso of Biimclent tlmo and money, but,
wlinn H In necessary to tunnol through soft
mud and bIU very near tho river bottom In
deep water tho task is ono or me mosi
dlfllcult, dangerous and costly that can bo
attempted. Such a tunnel with an lnsldo
dlnmetcr of ten foot was recently built In
a very novel manner. A huge concrete tube
?2l". font Inntr. lined ns do and covcrcu oui-
Bldo with steel platcH, was built on shore
on regular Inclined ways. Tho ends being
closed, tho 1,000-ton mass was launched
like a ship, towed thirty miles to plac?,
bunk between rows of guldo piles driven
on both sides of It and one end connected
by divers to 'the shoro tunnol provlously
built to Join It. Tho most rcmarKamo ica
furo nf thn work was that a storm aroso
and threatened to Injuro the floating tun
nel before It was quite compioieu. iarge
valves wero hastily opened and It was al-Inu-eri
to nil nud sink to a depth below tho
storm action. When It was calm again tho
water was pumped out and tno great pipo
man tn thn surface was comnleted and
again sunk, this tlmo permanently seating
Itself on tho foundation 01 pucs cm on nc
niratelv hv submcrccd steam saws nt the
required level, far below tho surface of
tho river.
Tn Rlnkliicr thn dnnn shafts throuch oulck-
sand It Is often impossible to keep out tho
water so men can work tn tho bottom. The
sldes( will cave In continuously,, quicksand
will enter llko water through the smallest
crovlco In tho lining nnd tons of It wiU
flow from n lone distance underground ho
as to cause depressions In the surface at ro
mote plnces. Worst of nil, tho snnd nnd
water will rlso up In the bottom as fast
as It can bo pumped put and this, added to
tho great pressure on tho sides and tho
difficulty of building a water-tight lining
from tho top down, makes tho work ex
tremplv slow and difficult. Itcccntly the
expedient of freezing tho quicksand far
below the surfaco was adopted anu niter
that wns accomplished tho shaft could be
excavated easily.
1'reexliiR a Dniittor Spot.
Tho freezing Is accomplished by tho usn
of tho modern refrigerating machine. A
shaft about fifteen, foot square and 100 feot
deep was sunk In this manner' through
water and quicksand to solid rock at Iran
Mountain, Mich., a few yearn ago. Twenty
seven ten-Inch Iron pipes wcro arranged
about three feet apart on tho sides of a
rcctanglo enclosing the shaft and sunk
vertically to rock by a water Jet aud stitiu
hammer. An eight-Inch plpo, closed at
tho bottom, wa3 lowered Inside ench ten
luch plpo and the latter withdrawn. An
Inch and a half pipe, open at the bottom,
wns lowered lnsldo each olght-lnch plpo
reaching nourly to Its bottom and extend
ing through Its cap on top. The tops of
tho Inner pipes, through which brlno from
tho refrigerating machlno was pumped nt
a temperature of about 17 degrees Fahren
heit, and rising through tho eight-Inch
pipes, escaped from their tops Into a con
necting horizontal pipe, which served as
tho suction main of tho circulating pump.
Tho cold brlno thus moved around and
around tho circuit, taking about twenty-five
minutes for each trip and rising In that
time about ono degree In temperature As
It absorbod the heat front the quicksand
and water a thin coating of Ice formed
around tho outsldo of the eight-Inch pipes
and. gradually Increased In thickness until
In ten days thoso on adjacent pipes united
and formed a solid wall of frozen water
and quicksand, which, after forty days'
freezing, attained a thickness of ten feet.
This oxclurtod tho water, so that the shaft
could lio excavated through It as In rock.
Tho material had indeed to bo blasted and
very much resembled sandstone. Tho shaft
was lined with heavy timber wans nung
from tho top nnd packed nround with hay.
A water tight Joint was mado with tho rock.
tho refrlgorutlon was stopped and the
ground allowed to thaw, which It did so
slowly that It was fifty days beforo tho
water began to enter tho shaft. Tho ou'tor
edge of tho frozen mass was supposed to
bo a cylindrical surfaco fifty-four feet In
diameter. KHANK W. SKINNBH, c. rc.
Wr I li in nn Hoi-rile", from Aicrrrment.
I'UlI.ADEliPMIA. Jan. J6.-"Jlmmy"
Michael, the Welsh bicycle rider, who
agreed but night to enter n Hfteen-mlle
iiniii'i '.i . ! .vw ri'..." ...
ern, the Cunadtun, receded from hhj ngree-
ineni lonuy ami ien luwu, MiunnvupiH,
who broke the world's llve-mllo Indoor
record lust night, offered Mlcham extra
Inducements, win or lose, to keep his agree
ment, but ho refused, admitting that ho
did not core to risk defeat In another rnco
In this country. He pleaded Mint lie wns
not In condition, owing to his recent Ill
ness. Mlctmol will Hull for Europe shortly
to become u jockey.
llolilierv TuriiN Out n Myth.
Officers detailed to Investigate the holdup
story of J. W. Crofpcup of North Twenty
fourth etrect snld thero was no truth In
the story. Orosscup denied that ho had
been robbed nnd said Mint tho police had
been untitled by his sou-lri-luw, who be
lieved what the man had said when ho
told th family n fairy tnlo ns an excuse
for not bringing home porno articles that
he should have brought.
Three' Iluiiilreil Hollo in' Diiiiuiuf.
Fire did J.W damage to tho cottage of
J. W. Nichols. Twelfth nnd Center streets,
at t o clock Hunday morning. The tiro w is
discovered shortly bforo 3 o'clock nnd
thn Humes were extinguished. At 4 o'clock
they broke out asaln and destroyed a
couplo of rooms of tho house.
GOVERNMENT BONDS STRONG
Eiied Iitoriit Fandi it Ooid Dtmaid
Etrlin Boarst.
CURTAIL THE PRODUCTION OF COAL
Syndlrntei' Output I'nr Abend nt Con
Ntiiniit Ion Owing to Continued Wnrm
Wrnthrr, cccaxl tntliiK Itc
dnetlon nf Opernllvr.
I
HEKMK, Jan. 2(1. The bourse during the
past week was characterised with great
strength In all government funds nnd tlxed
interest bearers. Tho tendency In Indus
trials was mixed, lions remaining strong,
while coal shares and most of tho other
Industrial-) lost several point.
Coal enures were depressed by tho con
tinued warm weather and the difficulty In
disposing of the output.
Hie coal syndicate declared yesterday
that It was Impossible to sell nil the coal
produced by tho syndicate's mines, al
though the curtailment of the output was
being rigidly enforced.
The quotations ou Iron shares proved
further evidence that the business situa
tion, had bettered, n number ot price ad
vances were announced during the week,
and vurlous producing centers reported
growing demands.
Owing to the Improved situation, Iron
dealers are trying to pluco the largest or
ders possible, iron producers refusu long
orders at the present prices. The foreign
demand Is nlso strong and foreign stock
ure rapidly being diminished.
The market was chiefly domlnntcd during
tho last week by two 3 per cent loans,
amounting to 3W.000.000 marks, In which
there havo already been lmmenso trans
actions. Tho Impression prevails here that
the subscribers to theso loans will throw
their allotments upon tho market as soon
as those nro received.
It Is expected that tho allotments will bo
mado next Wednesday, preferenco being
given to tho bona llde Investors, so far as
thoso are ascertainable.
The market also showed great Interest In
the Mortgage bank obligations nud some
foreign rentes attracted marked attention.
Shares of the ocean transportation com
panies rallied strongly during the week
upon the expectation that llerr Ilnllln,
president of the Ilamburi; American line,
nnd Dr. Wclg.wnt of tho North German
Iloyd companies will effect an advantage
ous arrangement In Now York.
The Germans continue buying Knlllrs
heavily nnd are expecting great thing In
these securities In the near future. Money
still remains easy and It Is Impossible to
place call loans at H4 per cent. The
monthly settlement will pass very smoothly
and short Interest scarcely exists.
The rates of foreign exchange show n
slightly rising tendency, owing to the
abuudnnce of money.
LONDON STOCK MARKET ALIVE
Slums l'lirchnirn on Larger Sonic
'I'll ii ii fur Mnny Months
1'llNt.
LONDON, Jan. 2i?. Tlio lyindon Stock
exchange was fairly native during tho last
week. Tho largo over subscription to
JC2,0O0,000 In local loans Indicated n largo
supply of Investment money, while tho
general purchases have been upon u larger
scale than for some months past.
Tho reduction In the bank rato of dis
count, has helped tho situation, Insuring
the comporutl-.'ely easy condition of the
money market for some tlmo to come.
Tho predictors of the boom In home rails
havo been rather disappointed nt the divi
dend announcements nnd this section of
the market hns been decidedly Hat. nut
conservative critics point out that this may
be taken us a1 rather hopeful symptom,
since traffic has been good nnd tho managers-
nro 'devoting the resultant funds to
Improvements Instead of to dividends.
American securities aro'very quiet pend
ing the settlement of the case of the
Northern Securities company. Further
more, early cablegrams speak pessimistic
ally of the general outlook In wall street
and this deters speculators. Mining secu
rities remained firm, with Kaffirs as the
most nctlvc feature. t
Dry fionds Mnrlcet.
MANCHESTER, Jan. M.-nuslncss In the
cloth market during the past week was
poor, but crew firmer toward the close of
tho week In sympathy with the Improved
tone of tho Now York market, although
the volumo of ,thc active business done
was not marked with an Increase, nrtd
cloth sellers found it difficult to secure
business. The Indian demand has fallen
oft considerably. Thero wns some Inquiry
from China at lower rates and limited to
few channels.
Producers were not particularly eager to
ndd to their long engagements, except nt
full prices. Merchants, meanwhile, nre In
different to placing further orders, in view
of the easier tendency of cotton. Tho minor
outlets were quiet. "Yarns wero quiet until
later they were stimulated by Mm home
dcmiind this with firmer cotton resulted
In fulr business In some quarters.
OMAHA SUBURBS.
Florfnce.
Miss Helen Iteynolds loft Monday morn
ing to enter Hellevuo college.
A daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs.
Arthur MeSweeney Thursday morning.
Morris Kindred of Blnlr, Nob., with his
family Is spending a few days hero vlslt
tnit relatives.
Mr. nnd Mrs. It. II. Olmsted of Omaha
wero tho guesta of Captain and Mrs. Itey
nolds Monday night.
Olo Olson and family returned Wednes
day from a week's visit with relatives at
AVakelleld and Juckson, Neb.
Mr. nnd Mrs. Emll Weber nf Wayne,
Neb., who nru visiting Mr. nnd Mrs. Weber,
went to Council Bluffs Suturduy to visit
their daughter Hattle, who Is attending
St. Francis ucademy nt that placo.
Mrs. Alexander Paul, with her son nnd
two daughters, arrived Tuesday from Win
nipeg. Man., their former home. Mr. Paul
has been hero for several weeks. They
will probably mako this their future homo.
Tho friends of Mr. nnd Mrs. Hugh Suttlo
surprised them Wednesday night at their
lu mo. They wero then escorted to Wall's
hall, where dancing and games wero In
dulged In. Punch wns served during the
evening. Miss Annl Arnold! was, mistress
of ceremonies, assisted by M. 8. Walklin.
Ileiinmi.
Corliss Gotman spent last Sunday In
l!enon visiting with bin purents.
Fred A. Bailey Is slowly Improving from
nn attack of Inflammatory rheumatism.
Tho spring term of tho Benson public
schools will open next Monday morning.
This Is the tlmo for new beginners to start
lu,
Tho mall clerks and families of this
placo attended tho social given by the
Women's club auxiliary In Omnha lust
Thursday evening.
Mrs. A JohnHon, assisted by her sisters,
entertained a number of Omaha friends
Saturday nfternoon a week ngo nt her
new home In Benson.
At tho literary meeting last Friday even
ing a ehort program was civen nnd theso
officers wero elected: President, J. Dickey,
Jr.; vleo president, Harry Fox; secretary,
Blnucho van Cura; musical committee,
Miss Hoffman, Mrs. McCoy and Miss Mc
Oulre: literary rommlttce, Messrs. Flnlny
son, Fox and Speedyi After recess tho
debate wns taken up.
Henry Drleer was found dead lost Mon
day morning In tho barn of his employer,
Ernest Hufmelster, a farmer living near
Benson. Drleer bad cone to Omaha durlncr
the day, returning In thn night, nnd it Is
supposed he committed sulcldo by hanging
himself during tho night, as ho was found
thus nt 5 o'clock tho next morning, Drleer
hud no relatives living here.
Tho Moder.t Woodmon gnvo a public
Installation nnd supper nt their hall last
Wednesday evening. W. K. Tlndall acted
ns master of ceremonies during tho in
stallation. After this was over a program
consisting of literary and musical numbers
wns given. After which supper was served,
during which entertainment was provided
for by a largo gramophone. Dr. W. A.
Mason of Omaha gave an addross during
the evening. Tho officers Installed wens
Worthy advisor, Phillip Mergen: venerable
counselor, A. Bhllb; banker, Ed E, Hoff
man; clerk. E. G. Hills.
LOCAL BREVITIES.
G. W. Hoffman, a printer, living at the
Karbach hotel, fell on the slippery pave
ment at Fifteenth nnd Farnam streets
yesterday morning and broke tho wrist
bone of hi right arm.
A supper nnd slelgrirlde will be given the
Sunday school chlldron of tho First Baptist
church tonight. Children under 14 nro to
be at the church promptly nt 4:15 p. m.
Those over H at 5:15 p. m.
Tho funeral of Walter U Stewart, yard
foreman, who was killed In a collision in
the Burlington yards Friday morning, wns
held at his home, 2018 Graco street, Sunday
afternoon ut 2 o'clock. Bov, C N Dawson
of the Sowurd Street Methodist church
preached tho funeral sermon. The body
.way token to Council Bluffs for laiterment.
BOER EXPECTED IN OMAHA
Commnnilnnt Krlttr Promise Trans
vnnl 1-rnnnr In Cnmr Thnrn
ilny nnd Jlny Spenk.
The American Transvaal league met In
the 1'axton cato yrotordnf (ttcrtiooa. Pe
titions aro being circulated throughout tho
states asking the government nt Washing
ton to uso Its Influence to bring nbout
pcaco In South Africa and provent tho ex
termination of tho Boers. Signatures are
coming In by tho hundreds and tho league
hopes to secure 200,000 or 300,000 during
tho next few weeks, when they will bo for
warded to tho proper authorities In con
gress. Friends of tho causo aro requested to cir
culate petitions, which will be furnished
them by B. Shlrloy, secretary, 1718 Dodge
street, Omaha.
A receipt from tbo Governor Yates Boer
relief fund was read by Treasurer William
Fleming. It acknowledged tho transfer of
tho Omaha remittance of $700 to that fund.
Uourko Cockrau accepted an Invitation to
deliver an address hero on tho Boer quos
tlon n tbo near future.
Tho following letter from United States
Senator George F. Hoar ot Massachusetts
was read by tho secretary:
WASHINGTON, D C. Jan. 22. 1002. To
tho Transvaal league. Omaha: It Is ut
terly lmposslblo for mo. to leavo my duties
to accept your rourteous Invitation. Thero
has been no better light slnco I.eonldas
than tho brave resistance of tho Boers.
They ought to have tho admiration and
sympathy of nil men who ovp olther cour
ago or liberty, I am faithfully yours,
GEO. F. HO Alt.
Commandant Jan Krlgo ot the Boer army,
an escaped prisoner, will bo In Omaha
Thursday and Friday of this week. Efforts
are being made to secure a hall and hold a
mass meeting; whllo ho Is here. Ills lec
tures aro free and the Transvaal leaguo Is
anxious that Omahans shall havo an op
portunity to hear' him. Ao soon as arrange
ments aro completed announcement ot time
and place of this lecture will be made.
CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS
Mtntc Conference tn He Opened at Be
atrice on Fctirunrr ,
Hlxth.
A state conference on tho subject of
charities nnd corrections will bo hold at
Bcatrlco February 6 aud ".
Tho meeting will open with addresses
of' wclcomo on behalf of tho city and tho
churches of tho city to bo responded to by
Governor Savage, chairman ot tho stato
board. The first toplo to bo discussed is
"Scientific Charities aB Applied to Smallor
Cities and Towns." A paper oh tho sub
ject will bo presented by C. E. Prevcy of
Lincoln. George A. Murphy ot Beatrice
will read a paper on "Administration of
County Charities." Chief of Police Hoag
land of Lincoln will talk on the subject of
"Jails and Lockups." At the evening sos
slon tho address of tho president, E. E. B.
Andrews, will be presented.
On the second day tho subjects to be
discussed will be: "Tho Care of Feeble
Mlnded," which Is the subject of an ad
dress by Dr. C. G. Spraguo. Thero will bo
addresses by Dr. Powell ot Glenwood, la.,
and others at this session. In the evening
Dr. J. L. Green of Lincoln will discuss
"Causes of Itapld Increase of Insanity In
Recent Modern Times," and the report of
the committee on Juvenile courts will be
discussed.
Tbo sessions of tho first day and of the
ovenlng of the second day will bo held at
the Methodist church, whllo the sosslons
of tho second day will be held at the Ne
braska Institution for the Feeble-MInded.
The officers of the state conference are:
Presldont, Chancellor E. B. Andrews, Lin
coln; vlco president, John A. Crelghton,
Omaha; treasurer, Dr. P. L. Hall, Lincoln;
secretary, A. W. Clark, Omaha; enrolling;
secretary. Prof. C. E. Provey, Lincoln.
Executive committee: Guy C. Barton,
Omaha; Dean Campbell Fair, Omaha; Gov
ernor E. P. Savage, Lincoln.
PRINCE TO LAY CORNER STONE
If III Time Permit St. I.oulx Will
Ask Hint to Accept
Honor.
ST. LOUIS, Jan. 20. In the event ot
rrlnco Henry visiting St. Louis, his en
tertainment will bo arranged and con
ducted by the World's Fair company rather
than the municipal government. As yet
the World's fair management has received
no official advices as to exactly when
Prlnco Henry will arrive In St. Louis and
what tho length of his vUlt will be.
Secretary Walter B. Stevens said today
that it had been suggested that If Prince
Henry's stay here permits, that he be In
vited to lay tho corncrstono of one of tho
buildings on tho World's fair grounds. A'
thing of this kind I3 not at all uncommon,
and It would mark an historical period In
tho building of the fair.
"If tho prlnco would consent to partici
pate In a ceremony of this kind," said Mr.
Stovcns, "thero Is llttlo doubt that tho de
partment of works could have nn Important
building ready In time for his visit."
WANT BOUNTY FOR FISHERMEN
Newfoundland Will Seek Aid If
West India Is Nnc
veasfnl. ST. JOHNS, N. F., Jan. 26. It Is argued
In sonio official quarters hero that If the
British government Is prepared to with
draw from the International sugar confer
ence at Brussels, nnd to provide a bounty
on West Indian sugar, In order to assist
Great Britain's West Indian colonies, which
nro Inhabited by blaoks, Great Britain
should also provide a bounty on New
foundland fish and thereby assist this
colony, which Is wholly Inhabited by white
people, English, Scotchmen and Irishmen
and their descendants. It Is held by cer
tain officials that this action should bo
taken by tho British government as a re
turn for tho renewal by Newfoundland of
tbo French modus vlvendl.
NEGRO KILLS WHITE WOMAN
Cuts Her Throat In Prnnt of Church
nnd Attempts to Commit
Hnlclde.
PAnKEIlSBUIlG, W. Va., Jan. 26.
Thomas Tucker, a colored boy, cut the
throat of Mary Bcall, a white woman, In
front of tho negro Methodist church to
night, Finding that she was dead, he went
home, told his mother what ho had done,
and then tried twice to shoot himself, but
missed both times.
Jealousy Is supposed to have been the
cause of tho tragedy. Tucker was ar
rested, but will not talk. Ho Is thought to
be Insane. After falling to shoot him
self, Tucker cut his own throat with the
samo knife 1 he had used upon the woman.
He will probably die.
Knnsns City Pastor Itealcns,
KANSAS CITY', Jan. 26.-nev. Holmes
Dyslnger, pastor of tho First English Luth
eran church tn this city, has resigned his
pastorate hero to nccept that of tno First
Lutheran church at Vandergrlft, Pa. Dr.
Dyslnger came to Kansas City two years
ago. Before that time ho was pastor of
the First Lutheran church at Polo, III.,
nnd from 1S&8 to 1835 ho had been the presi
dent of the Carthage collego ot Illinois.
Fierce Htorm In SllehlRnn.
NILES. Mich., Jan. 26. A terrific snow
storm sot In here tonight. The tempera
ture fell 30 degrceo in threo houra,
Ante Room Echoes
Tho meeting of St. John's Lodge, Ancient
Free and Accepted Masons, next Thursday
evening will bo largely attended, for tho
lodges of Omaha and South Omaha, four
In number, arc to bo guests ot St. John's.
Tho Invitation was extended by thn latter
lodge because William Cleburno Is to deliv
er, ns a part of tho historic lecture course
beforo that lodge, a history of the develop
ment of tho ritualistic work ot tho order.
Mr. Cleburne has given tho subject much
study nnd thoso who knew of the prepara
tions he was making for tho lecture decided
that It would not bo right to keep the lec
ture confined to tho members nf the lodge,
but that Interest In tho history ot tho order
could bo served by Inviting all Masons In
the two cities to hear tho address. Mr,
Cleburno Is a thirty-third degreo Mason
and has given much tlmo to a study of the
history of alt branches ot tho order.
Tho program for the reunion of tho Scot
tish Iltto Masons, to be held In Omaha,
beginning February 18, will probably be
Issued next week. Thero will be a largo
class ot candidates tor tho degrees from
tho fourth to tho thirty-second, and tho
reunion promises to be ono ot the most
Interesting held slnco the Institution of
tho rlto In Nebraska.
Tho calendar ot tho Masonic lodges ot
tho city for tho month of February will bo
Issued at the first meeting ot that month.
All ot tho ledges will havo work.
The meeting of tho Masonic Votcrans'
association ot tho state of Nebraska, held
last week, was notable from tho fact that
of tho vice-presidents every one was unablo
to bo presont until the fourth on tho list
was reached. He, In the person ot Martin
Dunham, presided. Tho meeting was n
success from ovcry standpoint and ,tho new
officers, a list of whom was published dur
ing the week, aro all mon who have tho
Interest of the society at heart. The new
president, Martin Dunham, was selected
over his protest, but says that he hopes to
mako a record In tho otllco beforo he re
tires. Every Mason In tho Nebraska Juris
diction who has been a member continu
ously In good standing for twenty-five years
Is eligible to membership.
Tho members of Canton Ezra Millard of
tho Independent Order of Odd Fellows aro
making preparations to attend tho meeting
of the sovereign grand lodge of the order,
which will bo convened In Dcs Moines In
September, 1902.
It Is the destro ot the canton to tako
part In tho contest for prizes which will
bo offered upen that occasion, and thoy
desire to capture tho capital prize, which
Is to bo offered for tho largest and best
appearing canton present. Thero aro threo
other prizes, one for the best-drilled team,
to consist ot not less than twenty-thrco
men, ono for eighteen men nnd one for
twelvo men. The canton Is now raising
funds to defray tho oxpenscs of tho trip,
and for this purpose a ball will be hold
April 26, the anniversary ot tho establish
ment of Odd Fellowship on American soil.
The local lodges ot the Knights of Pythias
are making arrangements to provldo for tho
grand lodge ot Nebraska, which meets In
Omaha next fall. The lodge will bo com
posed of delogatcs from all subordinate
lodges In tho state and will bring several
hundred people to tho city.
On Friday, January 31, tho Bonkers'
Union of the World will hold a Joint meet
ing of all Omaha, South Omaha and Council
Bluffs lodges at Crelghton hall, corner
Fifteenth and Harney streets, for the pur
pose of Installing tbo officers. All mem
bers of the. order are Invited to be present
and to bring their friends. The admission
Is by ticket, which can bo obtained, frco
ot cost, of tho secretary of your lodge or at
tbo supremo office. An orchestra has been
engaged for the occasion and a pleasant
tlmo Is anticipated.
Tho W. C. Tt. M. S. of Omaha and Coun
cil Bluffs gavo their semi-annual reception
at tho Royal Arcanum hall, Omaha, Thurs
day evening, January 23. About 100 postal
clerks' wives and members of the younger
set were present. A Jolly good time was
enjoyed by nil present, tho only regret
being expressed that oil clerks could not
be present. Social conversation and muslo
were tho main features ot tho evening.
Dainty refreshments wero served by tho
committee, Mesdames Hoffman, Hart, Gil
lespie, Gill, McConncll, Mllly, Groves, Mc
Tee, Herman and Kellar. The growth of
this organization, though comparatively
young, has been beyond all expectations.
It now numbers forty-eight members, with
an Increase of membership at almost every
meeting. A systematic course of study has
been taken up on the subjoct ot "Civil
Servlco neform." Tho main object of this
club the promoting of sociability among
families of railway postal clerks met with
unqualified success.
February 3, Colonel J. W. Nichols, de
partment commander ot tho Patriarchs
Militant, and Louis Helmrod, adjutant of
tho Department of Nebraska, will go to
Tekamah, where a canton will bo insti
tuted. Tho new canton will start out with a
large membership and there Is much good
material under Its Jurisdiction which will
be brought In later.
FIRE RECORD.
HI, I'nal Monastery.
LONDON, Jan. 26. Telegraphing from
Vienna, the correspondent of the Dally
Chronicle says tho newspapers of Athens
report that the celebrated St, Paul mon
astery on Mount Athos was burned last
Thursday night. Tho prior and nine monks
perished and twenty others were seriously
Injured.
Tho occupants of the monastery wero
sleeping when the ftro broke out, according
to the Athens papers, nnd tho monastery It
self was damaged to the extent of $S0,000.
Illnek of Oklnhomn IlnllillnKs.
DEER CREEK, Okl., Jan. 26. A block
of buildings, including tho town hall, woro
destroyed by flro hero today, entailing n
loss of $60,000, with Insurance amounting
to $8,000. Tho flro started In n enloon and
spread rapidly. A high wind was blowing
and It required n largo volunteer forco
besides the fire department to get tho fire
under control.
Several nnlldliiK nt Mnulrlnlr.
NEW YORK, Jan. 26. Fire at Montclalr,
N. Y early today destroyed several build
Ings, Other buildings wero badly damaged.
Tbo loss Is estimated at from $00,000 to
$100,000 and tho Insurance nt two-thirds
that amount.
Hotel Cecil
OTTAWA, Jan. 26. The Hotel Cecil was
burnel yesterday, Tho loss was $60,000.
Ouests on tho fifth floor had to leavo tho
building In their night clothes and somo
had to be taken out of the windows with
ladders.
DEATH RECORD.
Captain Henry Gnti,
KANSA8 CITY. Jan. 26. Captain Henry
Goss, aged 62 years, a veteran of tho civil
war, and a prominent business man la
this city, died today from tho effects of
a carbuncle. Captain Goss was a captain
In a New York volunteer regiment. He
was wounded at the battle ot Frederick.
burg, from the effects of which he was
permanently crippled. He camo to Kan.
bos City In 1874 nnd established a plumb
lng nnd heating business, of which ho was
nt tho head when bo died.
RUN DOWN THEIR FUGITIVES
Intra OAirers Follow flnppnsed Crim
inals and Cnnse Their
Arrest.
SIOUX FALLS, S. P., Jan. !. (Special
Telegram.) L. W. Smith, chief of detec
tives ot Dcs Moines, la., and J. N. Hants,
sheriff of Dallas county, Iowa, are In Sioux
Falls nnd havo caused the arrest of Victor
Fish and Oeorgo Norman, who aro wanted
for robbing a store In Dallas county and
carrying off several wngonloids of plunder.
Tho burglars wero traced to this city by
tho two Iowa officers, who found them In
a local hotel. Being outside their Juris
diction, Chief of Police Martin was called
on to mako tho arrest for the Iowa officers.
The prisoners, who are said to bo dcs
pcrato characters, havo been placed In Jail
here, ponding tho arrival of requisition
papers from Governor Herrled, when they
will bo taken back to Iowa for trial.
NOTED PATHFINDER IS DYING
(forge Itrn. the Dnnlel Itoonc nf
Wynmlnn;, .Slowly Pnaslnsc
Away.
CHEYENNE, Wyo., Jan. 26. George nea,
n noted guldo and pathfinder, Is dying In a
lono cabin on Snake river. Ilea wna ono
of tho first mon to explore Yellowstone
park and Is often referred to as tho Daniel
Boone of Wyoming.
Interftlnte Dane Itntl I.enscne.
CHEYENNE. Wyo., Jan. 2. (Special.)
Managers E. D. Ocrrans nnd O. S. Wnlker
of the Cheyenne baso ball team and ath
lotlc park will attend tho meeting of mag
nates of tho proposed Nebraska leaguo,
which will bo hold at North Platte on Feb
ruary 6. At tho close of last season tho
local managers took up the matter of form
ing a league, to bo composed of the towns
of Cheyonnc, North Platte, Kearney, Co
lumbus, Grand Island nnd Shelton, and the
North Plntto meeting Is tho result. At
the meeting plans will be discussed, guaran
tees will bo fixed nnd a salary limit will bo
agreed upon. Ono of tho most Important
things that will be Insisted upon will be
tho exchange of players, no player from
one team being permitted to play with an
other team In the leaguo without tho con
sent of tho managers of all of the teams.
Slate Poultry Show.
MITCHELL, S. D., Jan. 26. (Special.)
The stato Poultry show will open In this
city Tuesday evening and a largo exhibit
Is promised. Judgo Russell of Ottumwa,
la., has again been secured to scoro tho
birds, making his third call by tho associa
tion. Secretary Brass stntes that a number
of entries novo already been recolvod from
Iowa nnd Nebraska fanciers and the show
promises to bo a great success.
Hoys Arc Indicted.
CASPER, Wyo., Jan. 26. (Special.) Tho
grand Jury which has been Investigating
tho murder of Deo Blair has returned In
dictments against Roy and Charles Walker,
young boys. Dee Blair was 13 years old
and was murdered whllo fishing on the
Platto river below Casper on July 1, 1901.
WANT ADMISSION OFCHINESE
American Chamber of Commerce at
Mnnlla Sara Their Services
Are Needed.
MANILA, Jan. 26. The American Cham
ber of Commerce hero has formulated an
appeal to congress in which It earnestly
prays for the enactment of laws allowing
Chinamen to enter tho Philippine Islands
under such restrictions as tho Unltod
States Phlllpplno commission may enact.
Tho present restrictive law concerning Im
migration, continues this appeal, Is of no
benefit to tho Filipinos. Chinamen, If ad
mitted, would not enter Into competition
with local labor and their entry Into the
Islands Is Imperatively npeded as the to
bacco, hemp and sugar Innds of the nrcbl
pclago aro only partially cultivated.
Without this legislation tho country can
not bo properly developed.' Building In
Manila has been badjy retarded becauso of
this lack of labor nnd for these reasons
the American Chamber of Commerce, com
posed entirely of American citizens, rep
resenting commercial Interests, respect
fully prays for Immediate action In this
matter.
FOR PHILIPPINE EXPOSITION
Federal Leader Anllates Exhibition
ot Commerce to He Held In
September.
MANILA, Jan. 26. Fellpo Buancamlno,
ono of tho directors of tho federal party, Is
endeavoring to inaugurate an exhibition of
commerce to bo. held In September: Ho
relies mainly on exhibits from tho United
States, China, Japan, Slam and Borneo.
The merchants of Manila are Inclined to
think that this exhibition would bo de
layed another year, but If, sufficient sup
port Is promised tho United States Philip
pine commission will be asked to assist
in tho matter.
INSURRECTION ON ISLAND
Faiiulleal Bandit Leader, 'with Force
of Ilolonien, Terrorises
People.
MANILA, Jan. 26. Colonel Charlos W.
Miner of tb'o Sixth Infantry reports the con
ditions on tho Island of Negros to be un
satisfactory and that 400 boloroen and 40
men armed with rifles, under tbo command
of the fanatlcul bandit leader, Papa Islo,
nre terrorizing tbo people
APPROVES ISSUE OF STOCK
Dominion Government Sanctions
FlmitliiK nt Cai Hal for Canadian
Pnclllo Itnllroml.
OTTAWA, Jan. 26. The Dominion gov
ernment has approved an lesuo of $20,000,
000 of capital stock of the Canadian Pa
cific railway subject to tho sanction ot tho
company's shareholders. Tho proceeds am
to bo applied to Improvements enabling
the company to handle the lmmenso In
crease of traffic on Its lines, especially In
tho northwest.
Tho $20,000,000 will bo spent as follows:
New rolling stock and new locomotives,
$9,000,000; doublo tracking, $6,000,000; now
plants and shops, chiefly at Montreal, $1,
500,000; new elevators and Improvement of
terminals, $3,000,000; miscellaneous Im
provements, $500,000.
PROMINENT SURGEON DIES
Dr. It. II. Crimes Succumb and Body
la Shipped to Omaha (or
Cremation,
SALT LAKE, Utah. Jan. 26. A special to
tho Herald from Cheyenne, Wyo. , eays;
Dr. R. B. Grimes, for many years one of tbo
best known surgeons In the array, died at
Ms home In Cheyenne today of apoplexy.
The body will be taken to Omaha for cremation.
TO HOLD FURNITURE SHOW
Oomimny OrKnnlrcs to IJrecl Itiilldlna
for nn Inhibition by Southern
.Manufacturers.
CHARLOTTE. N. C Jon, 26.- The South
cm Furniture Exposition company, with n
capital of $25,000, hns been organized at
High Point, to erect thero n big bulldlnfl
In which there will be held twice a year I
furnlturo exposition for tho southern far
lories, similar to tho exhibitions nt Grsnd
Rapids, New York and Chicago.
Snrceeds Father ns Stnle Secretary
TALUMIASSE, Fin., Jan. t6.-Govrnoi
Jennings has nppolnted II. Clay Crawford
secretary of state, to succeed his father,
who died recently.
ADVICE FROM CARNEGIE.
To Gain Competence One Must Invest
One's Money Mis Own Starf Due to a
Fortunate Investment in Oil Stocks.
Great Opportunities at Present
in the Oil Industry.
For people on a salary or limited income,
to acqulro a competence to ever have morn
than n mere living ns u result of their
labor It Is absolutely necessary Mint they
Invest nt least a portion of their savings,
or surplus, whatever tho nmount may be.
This Is tho history of ull our wealthy
men. This Is tho mlvlco given by such
successful men ns Carnegie (given In u
sneecH to railroad men. recently tn New
York), Rockefeller, Flagler, Puyne, Hnnna
and many others.
Theso men started without wealth
worked for n living us millions nro doing
today-hut they saved part of their onrn
Inc. nnd by fortunnto investment of tho
money saved laid tho foundations of their
subsequent millions and power.
8lgnltlcuntly, too, hundreds of America s
rich men gained their wenlth by Invest
ments In oil. Thirty years ngo John D.
Rockefeller was a poor clerk today he Is
the richest man In tho world. At a tlmo
when conditions In the oil Industry were
very similar to thoso that exist now, ho
saw the future of oil and bounht of stocks
nnd lands to his entire lltiancliil ability.
Tho Immense production of oil that cjtlsts
In this country today means Mint tho fuel
of the future Is hero. The problem of get
ting It to market Is being worked out by
tho big companies, nnd when that Is com
pleted thero will follow tho greatest boom
In oil stocks In thn history of tbo country.
Then tho Investor In oil stocks today will
get his monuy back ten. twenty nnd nn
hundred fold, as Investors In oil stocks In
tho past have done. ....
If you nro Interested In this great field
for Investment you will do well to get nc
ouulnted with tho cxtenslvo holdings nnd
prospects of tho North American Crude OH
Ki nf Texim nnd California.
. This compnny holds lenses on 5,000 ncres
of verv vnlimiuo on lunus in lauiornin
owns land In feo on Spindle Top Heights,
Beaumont, Tex., nnd hns formed nn nllb
nnco with tho Fuel Oil Marketing Co. ol
Beaumont nnd Knnsas City, which liisurri
a market for tho entlro output of the
North American Crude. Oil Co.'s Texns
gusher. This well Is now being driven
and Is guaranteed to bo nt lenst of 20,000
bnrrcls dally capacity.
On Its California land, nenr Los datos,
tho compnny Is down 300 feet, within a
short distance of producing wells, nnd with
ovcry lndlcutlou that tho drill Is nenrlng
a vast body of 611. Holding 6,K) ncres of
this Innd menns Mint a strike hero would
make the North American Crude Oil Co.
one of the strongest nnd richest on tho
const, nnd force Its stock fnr abovo pan
Stock of tho North American Crude Oil
Co. Is selling now ut sixty cents per share.
Hundreds of bankers nnd business men nil
over the country nro buying It, ns Is shown
by tho .company's books. It Is bound to nd
vnnco shortly, and tho time to buy Is now.
Tho directory of tho North American
Crude Oil Co. is nsHiirnnco of It being well
managed. Its officers nro well known
throughout the West ns men of Intecrrliv
and keen Judgment. Tho president. Mm
ion. w. v;. lienirow. ex-governor or ukih
mtnn. nresldent of the First National hnnlr
Nnrmnn. Okl.. and a director of thn Amor.
lean Zinc. Lead nnd Smelting company,
Joplln, Mo.: vlco president, J. J. Swofford.
presldont Swofford Bros, wholesnle dry
goods house. Kansas City, Mo.: treusurcr.
W. A. Rule, cashier Nntlonul n.mlc nf
Commerce, Kansas City, Mo.; secretary,
A. 8. Klmberly, treasurer Hudson-Klin-bcrly
Publishing Co.; general mnnnger. M.
F. Brown, well known In ilnuncln! circles.
Sena in oruers tor stocit at oneo. Not less
thnn twenty shnrcs will bo Issued to nnv.
one. Prospectus, maps nnd full particulars
can bo obtained by writing the North
American Crude Oil Co., rooms 220 Bink
of Commcrco building, Kansas City, Mo.
JOBBERS & MANUFACTURERS
PF OMAHA.
DRY GOODS AND NOTIONS.
CARSON PIRIE SCOTT & CO
WHOLESALE DRY GOODS,
CHICAGO.
E. L. HICKS,
Oeneral Salesman.
OMAHA SALESROOM,
l BOO Farnam Street.
J. E.HOWE,
Masldent Baletmu,
MACHINERY AND FOUNDRY,
Davis & Cowgill Iron Works,
MAKUTACTTIRERS AND milM
OF MACHINERY.
BNERAZ. REPAIRING A FECIALTA
IRON AND BRAM FOUNDERS.
ttl. IBM aa IBM TMkam ,
Otaaka, Nek. Tat. UL
fl. EatrUkl. Aawit. J. B. CwIU, Mf)
-NE GO.
hlMUfactarers and Jobbers ol
Steam and Water Supplies
Of All Kind.
114 an 1010 DOUGLAS BT,
ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES,
Uttttrn Elictrlcil
vv Company
Electrical Supplies.
mM Wlrti BelU aad Ou UfkUaj.
Q. W. JOHNSTON. Mjrr. H1L Howard St.
AWNINGS AND TENTS.
Omaha Tent and Awning Co.,
Omaha, Neb,
Manufacturers of
Tents and Canvas Goods.
Send for Catalogue NunfJtor 93
GASOLINE ENGINES,
mQLDSMOBILE"
Olds Gasoline Engine,
Olds Gasoline Engine Works,
1114- Farnam St.. Omaha.
TetvpHona 1030.
Boyd Commiion Co.
Sueceif ert to Jamra E. Beyd ft Co.,
OMAHA. NKD,
COMMISSION
GRAIN, FHOVI8IOM9 AND MTOCKS.
Board ot Trad llBlldlnv.
Direct wire" to Chicago and New Tors. .
lXMMUOj.4tj.fi, Jfifatt A, AVJiTta fl r