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Work of Bureau of Animal Industry
K OUU Uuropenn neighbors only
knew how milch pnlns nro tnkeii
by llif government tif tin- Culled
StUtOB t(l pl'CVOIlt lUSI'llSl'll IIIClU
from being pIiutiI before tint con
sumer much U'Hm trepidation would ho foil
liy tlii'in whi'ii iihUi'i! to sit down to a dish
of American beef or pork. They must not
Hatter themselves that It Ih for tlium nlnuo
tho government Inspects llm meats put out
from tho packing houses. On tho contrary,
Illicit! Sain Ih quite an much concerned in
tho health of his own nephews ami nieces
us ho Ih In tho wolfnro of customers iiciohh
tho ocean. That every animal pntsliig
through tho groat slaughter houses of the
country Ib subjected to hoth iiuteuiortein
ami postmortem liiHicctlolt may surprise
many, hut Biich Ih the fact. 'Ihe llureau
of Animal Industry doe Its work bo quietly
that only the few who come illrectly Into
contact with It are aware of Its existence,
anil jet It Ih one of the must thoioughly or
ganized and e tile lent branches of tho gov
ernment. South Omaha, being one of the
largest packing cenlcrM In tho world,
naturally has one of the largest Htdtlotia of
tho hure.iu. ItH headqiiarterH are In Ihe
federal hulldliiK. ut ItH held or activity IIch
III the Block ards and packing house ills
trlct.
Dr. Don 0. Aycr, liiBpector lit chnrgo of
tho Hlatlnn at South Omaha. In talking of
tho work done under his BiiporvUlou, says:
"There are employed In iho llureau of
Animal Industry at South Omaha twelve
Inspectors, three clerks, ten stock oxnin
Iners, twenty-nix taggers and fifteen as
sistant mtcroucoplsts, all having passed
civil Horvlce examinations, helm; cortlllcd
to hy tho civil Borvlco commissioner and
having served a probationary period of six
months, imvo liecomo permanently appointed
subject to the rules.
liiNiMM'lorx lliitf I'lenly tit Ito,
"It Is tho duty of tho Inspector to care
fully exniulno all nnlmnls In tho stock
yards nt tho time they are wolghrd nnd nil
diseased animals nro condemned, tnggod and
removed to thu packing house hy a num
bered permit and when th' animal Is
slaughtered the Inspector carefully ex
amines tho viscera and all parts of tho
carciiBs and It found true from dhe.iso ho
passes the carcass for food, otherwise he
condemns It. Should the carcass show to
ho Infected with disease It would bo con
demned. All nnlmalB that pass Inspection
at tho yards are driven to the different
packing houses nnd aro thero subjected to
n very careful postmortem examination.
"Some of tho diseases for which wo con
demn are: Hog cholera; bwIiio plague;
eharhoti or anthrax, rabies; maliKiiant epi
zootic catarrh; pyaemia nnd septicaemia;
mango or Hcah In advanced sta gos ; ad
vanced stiiKcs of nctlnnmycosls or lumpy
Jaw; Itillammntlnn of tho lungs, tho Intes
tines or tho peritoneum; Texas fever; ex
tensive or generalized tuberculosis, animals
In an ndyanced stngo of pregnancy or which
have recently given birth to young; any
disease or Injury causing elovntlnn of tho
temperature or nffeetlng tho ays' cm of tho
animal to a degree which would make thu
Mesh unlit for human food; nny nrean or
part of a carcass which Is bully brulsod
or affected by tuberculosis, actinomycosis,
cancer abcess; suppurating sore or tape
worm cysts must ho condemned; anltnaW
too young and Immature to produce whole
some meat; animals too emaciated and
anaemic to produce wholesome inent; dis
temper, glanders and fnrcy and other ma
lignant disorders; acute Inflammatory IniiH
ness and extensive fistula,
"There were slaughtered nt tho Sautli
Omaha packing houses from January 1. 1901.
to June 30, 1001. 212,602 cattle. 1.20S.1CS
hogs, 392,157 sheep. All were subjected to
the usual ante nnd postmortem examina
tions by the government Inspectors. Thero
were 731 beef encasses and 648 parts of
same found diseased and unfit tor food
nnd were tanked and rendered into ferti
lizer during tho first bIx months of ho
present year. Durlnc tho snmo months
3, DCS hog carcasses were condemned; this
Is not an unusual condition; It runs along
In about tho snmo proportion.
niiixliiu I'oiiileiiineil Meat.
"All condemned carcasses and the viscera
of the same nro tanked In n tank under tho
Immediate supervision of n government In
spector, who first seals tho lower opening
of tho tank with a lead nnd wlro seal nnd
then places within tho tnnk tho condemned
carcass; then tho cover of tho tnnk Is senled
on ill the same manner, steam Is then
turned on nnd tho contents of tho tank aro
rendered Into grease nnd fertilizer, nfter
which tho tank is unsealed by the party
thnt senled tho same. Tho grease makes
liibrlentlng oils and tho residue makes fer
tilizer. "Tho tntnl amount of meat products ex
ported for tho first six mouths of tho pres
ent fonr from South Omnhnwas 14,600,000
pounds. Knell anil every package, barrel
or box. carcass or part of same Is covered
by n ruinbered Htnmp or a numbered tag.
of which n record Is kept In this oillco nnd n
report nindo to tho chief of bureaus' oillco
In Washington. Kach employe reports to
this oillco the work performed by himself
ench ilny and such report forms tho basis
for tho dally reports which nro trans
mitted to the chief of tho llureau of Animal
Industry nt Washington. From day to day
a record of all stamps, tags and material
used Is nlso kept In this otllco and trans
mitted to Washington. Tho record Is so
complete that tho number on tho stamp on
the box and the number on tho tng on car
casses would Indicate the day tho tag was
alllxed to tho carcass, by whom nlllxed and
nlso tho Inspector thnt would bo responsible
for tho postmortem work done, so that In
cases where anything Is wrong or tho meat
unfit for food the fault can easily be traced
to tho Inspector In charge, thus making It
hardly possible for diseased meats to be
passed for food.
"Microscopic examination of pork Is made
only for those countries that require such
examination, which nro (lermnny, l'rance,
Austria nnd Denmark. The samples for
examination nro cut from three different
partH of tho carcass, one piece from tho
muscle of the dlnplirnKin, one from the
psoas muscle better known ns tho tender
loin and nno from tho lnsldo of the shoul
der. Kach of the three pieces Is then
plnced in n small tin box, n dupllcato tng
Is placed In tho box with tho snmplcs and
tho other part of the tag is alllxed to tho
carcass that is to be examined. Ono hun
dred mid eight such samples are placed
In n enso and brought to tho microscopic
room for examination.
"Cases of 10S snmplcs being received nt
tho microscopic department nro distributed
to the assistant inlcroscoplsls and tho num
ber so taken charged to tjio Individual ami
credited when they return tholr report at
tho close of the day's work. An assistant
mlcroseoplst Is expected, each hour, In ex
amine the samples from five boxes, twelve
minutes being nllowed. viz.. two minutes
to prepare each slide or specimen and two
minutes for the examination; ns there are
three sample In each box, three prepara
tions must be made, the first from the
diaphragm, the second from the psoas
muscle (tenderloin) nnd the third from the
shoulder. Kach preparation must bo made
and examined separately. Separate glnssrs
ami frames lunar he used for each prepara
tion. A proper record must be mnde by
ench assistant mlcroseoplst and nil tags
retained on spindles.
"All condemnations must be verified by
tho mlcroseoplst; tho tags in samples con
demned must nceompany the report to tho
Inspector In charge, who will forward It
to the employe whoso duty It Is to re
move nnd dlsposo of condemned carcasses.
Ho must then return the duplicate tags
and n report of tho disposition of the fame
to the Inspector In charge.
"After tho examinations aro complete
tho carcasses of those condemned for
trlchlnno aro removed from thoso examined
nnd tho carcasses of those found free from
trichinae nro cut up into the different cuts
required nnd plnced In enclosed collars un
der government lock nnd tho meat is le
movod from tho cellnrs under tho tup r
vlslon of government employes for export."
Two Kinds of Juries
l'lttsburg (inzelte; Two I'ltthbiirgers In
terested in painting met in front of nn art
storo window downtown nnd fell into eon
versatlon regarding tho Jury that is to pai-
upon tho paintings submitted for exhibition
In the coming display nt tho t'nrnegl"
Institute.
"Theio Is," said one, "n similarity be
tween tho function! of nn nrt Jury and thoso
of tho twelve men whoso duty It Is to try
defendants Indicted for murder."
"Where is the similarity?" nsked the
other.
"Well, both Juries decide whether the
object of their Investigation shall hang."
"That Ih true, but thero Is nlso a strong
dlwdmllnrlty."
"How do you mnKe thnt out?"
"Tho nrt Jury hangs tho best pictures
and the murder Juries Ining tho worst men."
"I don't know that what you say Is al
ways true of an art Jury. I'nlnturs whoso
pictures nre rejected say not. but perhaps
we nan lienor drop tho subject."
i . , i . .
.urn it iin iiiereiipoil uroppeu.
He Liked It
New York Weekly Wife How do you
like my now hat?
Husband--The Iden of paying big prices
for
Wlfo lllg prices! Why I mndo It myself.
Husband Um yes erns I was saying,
tho Idea of paying big prices for such mon
strosities ns tho milliners nro showing!
Now, your hnt Is a work of nrt. Looks ns
If It catuo from I'arls. llenutlful, my dearl