T11E OMAHA DAILY BEE:, SVyPAV, AVCTST -I, 1901.
lb
PIONEERS IN POSTAL WORK
Death of E. R. Ortrill Btca.ll Keminii-
c3DC8j.of Old Timer.
HIS LONG AND HONORABLE CAREER
Overall' .Service Tilth tln I'oMnlllcc
In OniiiliH little llncU to the Early
I)n When the Volume Wnn
Not ni Great iim .Voir.
TIio death of B. It. Overall will recall to
old residents of Omaha the, time when,
under the namo of E. It. 'Williams, the
dead mall carrier created much comment
mid considerable feeling by being the first
negro to accept a placo In the postofllce.
The ofllco waB then on Farnam street and
tho freo delivery syRtcra was something
mill In tho future. It was In 1SC0. when
Ocorgo 11. Smith was postmaster. He found
Overall, or Williams, as ho was thon known,
to bo a capable man nnd did not let bis
color stand In tho way of making him gen
ernl delivery clerk. Williams served for
several years to tho satisfaction of the
postmaster and then changed his occupa
tion and his name.
Had Overall continued In tho service of
tho government from tho tlmo of his ilrst
appointment ho would have been longer In
tho servlco than nuy other man in tho city
nt tho tlmo ofjiis death. As It was, ho
was only antedated by tho nsslstant post
master, J, I. Woodard, who has probably
served more years In tho 1'ostolllco depart
ment than nny other man In tho United
Ktntos outsldo of a few pcoplo nt tho gen
eral ofllco In Washington. Mr. Woodard
WUH appointed as clerk In tho Omaha olllce
In IS'O nnd slnco that tlm has been upon
tho payroll of tho United States, lie hns
held tho position of assistant under so
mnny postmasters that ho became to bo
considered ns much a part of the postofllco
us tho mallsacks and has tho work of
tho olllco down so Duo that In every depart
ment ho Is conslderod nn nuthorlty.
Sunn- 3rr Olit-Tlmrrn.
Asldo from Mr. Woodard there nro but
fow men who havo served romarknhly long
tlmo In tho Omaha olllco, Tho majority of
tho "old timers" dato their entranco Into
tho service from 1S87 or 18S8, when tho
growth of Omaha and tho annexation of
outlying additions mado necessary tho
largest Incrcaso In tho working forco of
tho olllco which hns over taken placo in
tho sumo length of time. There are, how
ovor, a number of men who havo been In
tho service of tho rostoftlco department for
many yenrs longer thau the record of their
vork at tho Omaha olllco would show.
Among tho oldest of theso was J. E. Davis,
who was recently transferred to tho general
postollleo nt Wnshlngton. Mr. Davis started
ns railway mall clerk on tho Union IMclflc
a few months after that railroad was desig
nated an a postnl route. J. B. Cramer, tho
present superintendent of tho mnlls, Is an
other cmployo who enmo from the railway
mall after a sorvlco of many yenrs.
Tho oldest mnn In point of continuous
service In tho Omaha postollke, asldo from
Mr. Woodard, Is J. II. Tcbbins, n carrier,
who was nppotnted In 1S74, tho year the
freo delivery servlco was established In
Omaha. Mr, Tobblns has carried mall to
almost every section of .tho city and Is
now tho cnrrlor nf tho routo cmbrnclng
tho wholesale district, whero his fnco has
becomo familiar to two generations of
clerks nnd bookkeepers. Andrew l'otor
snn comes next In point of continuous
sorvlco. Ho came to tho ofllco In 1877 nnd
gave lessons to almost all of tho carriers
now on tho payroll. His rtmto lies along
tho retail district on Farnam Btrcot and
Includes tho Now York Life building.
Tho next cnrrlor In point of servlco came
to the olllco In 1SS3 In tho person of G.
11. King. Thomas Parkins was appointed
In 15S3. Following him by ono year is
John M. Stafford, an oldtlmo Omaha printer.
Manuel Clenlcns, tho second negro to bo
nppolntcd to a place In tho Omaha ofllce,
wns mndo a clerk and stamper In 18SI,
which plnco ho has held over slnco. Tho
other mon to recelvo nppolntment boforo
1887 who nro still In tho servlco nro Simon
Caramlllo, L. S. Mohl nnd A. J. I.ntcy,
tho present superintendent of carriers,
(IvitiiII mill Illn Home.
Of tho oldest carrier, B. H. Overall, ond
his horse, many stories nro told. Overall
had trained tho horso so thnt but ono other
In the town know moro about tho routes
than he. From postbox to postbox his
movements wero as rcgulnr as clockwork
and tho only troublo that was over had
wlh him was when n box would bo re
moved. Ho would tnko kindly to now
boxes nnd after tho first trip over the
r uto ho would stop at them as well as at
thi old -ones nnd would go away from tho
old routo to reach them, but ho hated to
glvo up old stopping places and would
never pass a corner whero a box onco
stood without stopping.
I
1'riMii'li AIIiiitn Threaten to Strike.
ST. ETIENNE, Aug. 3. Tho Nattonnl
Minors' federation has sent a circular to
nil Its members proposing a general strlko
In Franco for Novcmbor 1 unless tho gov
ernment nnd tho mining companies havo
previously given tho miners satisfaction In
regard to tho proposals for eight hours
work per day and n pension of 2 francs
per day after twonty-flvo years work.
I could not rise to my
feet without fainting.
"I had suffered for three years
or more nt monthly periods," writes
Miss Hlla Sapp, of Jamestown,
Guilford Co., N. C. "It seemed
as though I would die with pains
in my back and stomach. I could
not rise to my feet at all
without fainting ; had
given up all hope of ever
being cured, when one of
my friends insisted upon
my trying Dr. Pierce's
Favorite Prescription.
With but little faith I
tried it, and before I had
taken half a bottle I felt
better, had better appe
tite and slept better.
Now I have taken two
bottles of ' Favorite Pre
scription' and one of
' fnlfliMi Mfdiri1 Tlisrm'.
mkM ery,' and am happy to
say l am entirely cured,
and all done in two
months' time when all
other medicines had failed
to do any good at all."
Dr. Pierce's Pleasant
Pellets a pleasant and ef
. fective laxative
J'v for women.
Norway's Capital City
Ancient and Modern
Life in Christiania.
Writing from Christiania to the Record
IIrald William B, Curtis thus sketches the
ani lcnt city In Its modern makeup
Christiania Is practically a modern city,
although the town of Oslo, founded by King
Harold Huardroada about tho middle of thu
eleventh century, was tho royal residence
for COO years, Tho old castle Akcrshus,
which stands upon a promontory In tho
center of tho city overlooking the beautl
fill fjord or bay, Is moro than 1,000 years
old. In tho year 872 Harald llaafagcr mado
a vow that he would not cut his hair or
whiskers until he had united Norway under
a single government. Tho 1.000th anniver
sary of his success was celebrated In 1872.
Akcrshus was the palace of tho kings until
1710. It has been considerably changed
during the different dynasties that havo oc
cupied It and Is now used ns n peniten
tiary and a barrack for the little hand of
troops that garrisons tho city. In military
affairs Norway Is quite as Quakerish as
tho United States. It Is proposed to re
store the old castle to Its prlmltlvu condi
tion nnd a fund Is being raised by private
subscription for that purpose.
, , v
In tho Cathedral of St. Halvard several
of tho early Norwegian kings arc burled
nnd they wero dust seven and eight cen
turies ago. This old church Is tho mor
Interesting because James I of England,
who translated tho blblo Into English,
nnd Anno of Denmark were married before
Its altar In 1089. Tho old town of Oslo was
burned by Its Inhabitants to prevent Its
falling Into tho hands nf tho Swedes nnd
then In 1621 camo Christian IV of Den
mark, who wns to tho Scandinavian coun
tries what Alfred the Orcat was to Eng
Innd, I'cter tho Orent to Itussln, Charle
magne to Franco nnd Icynsu to Japan a
redeemer, regenerator nnd creator and
built a city which ho called by his own
nnme. It Is now ono of tho most progres
sive nnd up-to-dato cities In Europe, with
a rapidly Increasing population of 230,
000 nnd nn nnnunl commerce of not lcs3
than $23,000,000. It Is the sent of tho Nor
wegian government ond tho king Is ex
pected to spend threo months of every
year In tho old paloco on tho hill, Tho su
premo court, tho Parliament, which they
call tho Storthing, or "the great meeting,"
tho university nnd the bishop of tho Luth
eran church aro among the chief objects
of Interest.
Christiania Is rapidly becoming a manu
facturing center. Its trade was formerly
confined to timber, herring, snrdlncs,
matches nnd beer, but factories arc being
established for different purposes engine,
works, cotton nnd paper mills nnd other In
dustries being rapidly developed. The pco
plo are rich aud prosperous; the residences,
constructed In tho French style of brick
and stucco nnd lined oft In Imitation of
stone, nro quite Imposing, The shops aro
largo and tho goods they contain lndlcata
tho luxurious tastes of tho people.
The city Is founded upon a rock nnd
lies nround the shores of n beautiful fjord,
which Is dotted with Islands, whero rich
citizens have their summer residences. Lit
tle steamers thnt are puffing and tooting
nround nmong them all the tlmo furnish
frequent nnd rapid transportation, as the
electric trolley cars do upon tho land.
Hack of tho town Is a stately group of
mountains covered with groves of pines
which nro utilized by the plensure-loving
population for parks, beer gardens and
picnic grounds nnd by Invalids, who are
few In number, for sanitariums, A sani
tarium lu Norway Is not necessarily a
hospital, but a health resort.
The death rato In Norway Is tho smallest
of nny nation In tho world less thau four
teen to 1,000 of the population Inst year,
which Is owing to tho atmosphere nnd thu
temperate lives of tho people. There used
to be a great deal of drunkenness. In 1833
tho consumption of raw spirits wns twenty
eight quarts per capita of tho entire popu
lation, but by tho enactment of restrictive
laws this has been reduced until tho Nor
wegians aro now ono of tho most temperate?
peoplo In Europe and poverty, crlniQ nnd
dlscaso are greatly diminished.
regular payday for tho working classes.
These are practical regulations, devised for
tho purpose of restraining those who are i
not capablo of controlling their own appe
tites nnd encourngtng thrift nnd economy,
While the saloons nro closed on payday tho
savings banks keep open tilt midnight.
There are many Interesting features of mu
nicipal administration also. Some of them
nro old-fashioned and nwkword and would
not be tolernted In the United States, but
they Illustrate and commend tho practical
common sense of tho people.
Norway offers a fine field for reformers to
study the effect of regulation upon tho vlco
of drunkenness. Within the limits of tho
kingdom are all grades of restriction, from
prohibition to liberal license. Thcro nro no
pretentions about the Norwegians; there 13
no affectation about their morals and no
leniency In the administration of their
laws. The police nnd tho magistrates aro
merciless and Inexorable, nnd crime Is pun
ished more severely pcrhap than In nny
other country. At tho samo tlmo tho peo
ple distinguish nn Important difference be
tween temperance nnd total abstinence.
They give their children beer In unlimited
quantities, but absolutely prohibit tho salo
of whisky, nnd send drunken men to prison
with burglars nnd assassins. Norwegian
reformers hold thnt beer Is the great pro
motor of temperance nnd encourago Its uso
as n beverage, although every saloon In tho
kingdom Is closed on Sundays, on all holi
days and Saturday afternoon, which Is tho
Tho pnlaco of tho king occupies tho most
beautiful and commanding nltimiinn in , i...
city, at the head of tho principal street, butt
Is nn ugly old building built in 1841 of brick1
and stucco, and painted a gloomy orango'
tuiur. m sinning contrast are tho new
Masonic temple and theater, which are the
tlnest examples of modern architecture lu
town. Tho Storthing, or Parliament house,
Is a homely structure of brick, without or
namentation, nnd Is cold, baro nnd severe In
Its nppearanco and appointments.
The theater was built from tho proceeds
of a lottery two years ngo nnd Is considered
ns much of nn educational necessity ns tho
university, which stands upon tho other side
of tho street and furnishes facilities for
about 1,200 young men to obtain n free edu
cation. Tho faculty Includes llfty-flvo pro
fessors, some of them being men of uni
versal reputation. There nro libraries and
nrt galleries, museums of art and nrchacol
ogy In connection with tho university, and
under tho caro of tho archaeological do
portment nro the two Viking ships which
wero found burled In the clay on the coast
of Norway, ono In 1SG7 nnd tho other la
1SS0.
The weak spot In Christiania Is the lack
of n sewerage system. As In Manchester,
England, and other old-fashioned places,
there nro no water closets, and tho night soil
Is collected by carts every twenty-four
hours nnd sold for manure. Very few
houses havo running water, although thcro
Is a flno reservoir In the mountains back of
tho city, which could furnish an unlimited
supply. Thcro nro a few drains on tho
.surfneo nnd underground, but thoy nro only
in tho most modern sections, where they
nro tho least needed, and aro seriously ob
jected to becauso they discharge Into the
bay nnd spoil the water. It Is proposed to
build nn entirely new nnd novel system
which may bo nppltcablo to somo of tho
cities of the United States whero similar
difficulties aro experienced.
Genuine barqafns
in orap
series
W1
'E have just completed our midsummer inventory
and have sorted out the s!ov movers and put
prices on them that will sell them within the
next two weeks to give room for fall goods. We quote
here some of the prices that arc taken from stock the
goods will take better than print call and see them.
TAI'KSTKY POItTIERES In stripes nnd fig- 4 AC K 3TKHCKU1ZEI) l'OHTIEKES, corded, very "7 rf
ureo, worth up to $3.50 pair, all go nt....lTO 1V1 nov,., worth J12.H0, nil goat, pair lOU
'T'Al'ESTHY POUTIEHES. extra heavy, that A q r QlNOLE POKT1EHKS for single doors. -J Qp
wo iihcd to sell for Ml pair, nil go nt... i'J worth from $10 to $15 pair, go nt ench.... fJsO
T OOP to tie them back with, odd, they have sold as high ns fl-tlO pair r
go at, each .1 DC
Lace Curtains
,t'FFt,En MUSLIN CURTAINS, (n'l soil-
jK cd), worth tip to $3.00 pair
I'FFLFll NKT CTltTAlNS-some soiled - r-r
mm some clean, regular prices, J. 10 A.r J
$7 to pair now. pair, Mc to
Bacillus of Tubercle
Spread of Consumption and
How to Prevent It.
OMAHA, Aug. 2. To tho Editor of Tho
Deo; Dr. Koch discovered the bacillus of
tuberculosis a few years ago and pro
nounced It the cause of tho most fatal of
human maladies consumption. In n recent
exchange of letters with tho strongest man
in mcdlclno In this country. In my opinion,
Dr. Wllltnm Osier of Johns Hopkins, I
ventured tho suggestion that tho bacillus
of tubcrclo was n consequence and not a
causo of consumption tho product of
hereditary or acquired physical infirmity of
toxturo In Its victim. Holding to this view
of tho subject from obscrvntons of its
ravages In my own family and otherwise
for many years, I submit It to tho profes
sion of which I was onco a member, for
careful consideration. My decided opinion
Is that tho bacillus of Koch Is a conse
quent of tho scrofulous or Btrumous
diathesis, a product of a peculiar physical
weakness In tho constitution of Individuals
upon which tho power of heredity, which
Is so great In all living men and women
nnd In animals In other respects ns to be
obvious to tho commonest observation. A
medical writer of tho leading editorial of
tho Sun of last Sunday says: "The ques
tion of heredity Is now regarded as
simply ono of tho predisposition Influencing
tho power of resistance." This nttempt to
minimize heredity by tho" word "predisposi
tion" may pass for what It Is worth, but
It Is unworthy of tho ablo man who used it.
bcllcvo tho moro will bo completed within
I havo been a closo observer and some
times a careful student of medical theories
for many years. Scores of them havo ex
ploded in my time. Tolstoi said a few days
ago that thero was nothing In medical
science. Napoleon snld the snmo thing at
St. Helena elghty-llvo years ngo, nnd Dr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes virtually the samo
less than twenty years ago.
Bnctcrlan philosophies will go tho way
of raoro than a baker's dozen of similar
medical speculations. Dr. Osier, In tho Sun
a few months ngo, reduced tho number of
valuablo drugs applied to tho euro of
dlseaso to four out of tens of thousands
that havo been vaunted ns curatives.
No man of nvcrngo Intelligence has any
doubt that healthy constitutions aro pro
duced In men and women by healthy par
ents. Tho law Is unerring In tho breeding
of animals, nB overy farmer nnd stock
man knows. Does It not follow with un
answerable logic of reason that dlseaso Is
as certainly hereditary nB henlth?
I cito my own examplo of constnnt per
sonal contact with n victim of tubcrclo for
nearly fifty years. If this dlscaso Is In
fectious, why nnd how did I escape It?
Learned writers will say that I lacked tho
"predisposition," which has no meaning
unless It means tho exact truth about tho
whole tumult of words nnd theories that
I did not Inherit that physical structural
Infirmity which used to bo called for wnnt
of a hotter namo, scrofula or struma.
Tho way to eradicate tubcrclo from nmong
men Is to prevent tho marrlngo of scrofu
lous pcoplo to other scrofulous peoplo, or
tho marrlngo of such peoplo nt all. And
this to tho common mind must be ns plain
as a nose on a man's face.
GEORGE U MILLElt.
OMAHA, Aug. 2. To tho Editor of
Tho Peo: It Is Impossible thnt any
statement can bo propounded by Prof.
Koch seriously affecting nccepted doctrines
with respect to tho nature and modo of
transmission of consumption without nt
trnctlng widespread nttentlon. if I am cor
rectly informed the gist of his roccnt paper
Is this: A certain number of cattle, simi
larly conditioned In every particular, wero
Infected with tubercular poison, half of
them from cattlo suffering with tuberculosis
nnd half of them from human bolngs suffer
ing with tuberculosis, The result was that
nil of tho cattlo which received tho poison
from other cnttlo contracted the disease,
whllo nono of those receiving tho poison
from human beings contracted the disease.
Viewed scientifically this tends to provo
that cattlo aro not casllyjnfected by human
bolngs with tuberculosis. As to Its proving
thnt It is Imposslblo for human beings to
contract tuberculosis from cattle, it cer
tainly only hints nt such n conclusion. If
this could Iw shown to bo true It would Im
mensely simplify tho matter of sanitary
measures for tho prevention of human
tuberculosis. Ono of the problems that has
most seriously tried tho souls of sanitarians
along this line has been that of tho dispo
sition of tuberculous cnttlo.
The wholo question of tho nature of this
terrlblo disease with referenco to Its modo
of transmission Is probably moro compli
cated than the average Individual Imnglncs.
On March 24, 18S2, Prof. Koch announced
his wonderful discovery that tuberculosis Is
duo In every case to a peculiar bacillus,
which has since been known by tho name of
Its discoverer. The teaching of Koch has
been almost universally excepted. Thla In
volves tho ncceptanco of tho opinion that
the dlseaso Is Infectious nnd suggests nu
merous measures for Its prevention.
On tho contrary, Dr. Arthur V. Meigs of
Philadelphia In his work (1300) on "Tho
Origin of Disease" says: "So far as con
cerns human beings thero Is no existing
evidence, either chemical or experimental,
which can, when Judicially examined, bo
considered to show conclusively thnt con
sumption Is Infectious. With regard to ex
periments upon tho lower nnlmals thero
havo always been dlsputeB nmong tho ex
perts In thnt field In regard to tho con
clusions to bo drawn from tubcrclo Inocu
lations." Thcso words of Dr. Meigs set
forth the fact that thcso questions havo
not been determined beyond dispute. With
out doubt tho ovldcuco points strongly to
the Infectious character of tho dlscaso. Al
most one-seventh of all deaths aro due to
tuberculosis. It would seem to bo tho part
of prudenco to demand Incontrovertible
evidence that wo aro wrong beforo we aban
don tho assumption that human beings may
acqulro tho dlseaso from cattlo.
W. F. MILROY.
OMAHA, Aug. 2. To tho Editor of Tho
Beo: Tho bacillus (or germ) of tuberculo
sis was discovered by Koch In 1SS2, nearly
twenty years ago, Tuberculosis is to a
largo extent n prevcntablo disease, nnd
thnt Its ravages should contlnuo to destroy
more Uvea than nny other dlseaso (from 10
to 20 per cent), nccordlng to locnllty. Is
something of n reflection upon our boasted
civilization.
Consumption Is sometimes alluded to as
tho "white plague" by the profession, who
know so well Its mnny forms, nnd nro in
n position to recognlzo it ns a vcrltablo
scourge. It Is timely that In tho beginning
of the twentieth century, during which bo
much Is hoped for in preventive medi
cine, that wo should concern ourselves
about this most important matter. The
high authority from which theso recent
statements havo come, In relation to tho
spread of tuberculosis, causes tho world to
tako heed. And tho discussion of this
subjcot will bo of great good to our peoplo
who rend and reflect, which will prepare
them to net. The more recent experiments,
of Koch Bccm to show that contracting tho
disease by tho Ingestion of tuberculosis
meat nnd milk Is Impossible, which is con
trary to IdcaB formerly held. If further
experiments which nro being prosecuted
under tho German government (and which
will doubtless bo persucd by others), shall
provo to bo correct, our warfaro will bo
much simplified, because It will narrow tho
channel of our labors and It will nlso
servo to nccentuato our efforts In other
directions, I. 0., In enforcing iBolntlon, dis
infection nnd In tho prevention of promis
cuous expectoration. Tho reporting of
cases to the health authorities will do much
to regulnto tho conduct of theso people, who
both carry and leavo so much misery In
their wake.
In my recent travels through Europe tho
very numerous cases of surgical tubercu
losis In the wards of their hospitals was a
matter of constant surprise to mo. Their
communities being older, nro moro Infected,
nnd then tho low state of nutrition becauso
of insufficient food, especially meat nnd
eggs, nmong their peasant classes Is largely
responsible.
The Improvement In the matter of street
expectoration In tho last few years Is
nntlceablo to tho traveler. "Don't spit"
notices nro salutary, nut I think tho most
effective which I havo seen was In tho
street cars of Belfast. It read: "Spitting
Is a filthy hnblt and Is dnnnerous to health.
Persons offending will subject themselves
to tho lonthlng and disgust of their fellow
passengers."
Times havo changed slnco Dickons, who
wroto very graphically of that "dread dis
ease, which wealth never wnrded off nor
poverty could boast exemption from." It
Is curablo In from 10 to 50 per cent of tho
cnscB, and wealth In securing rcsplto from
labor, suitable climate, etc.. Is, next to the
restored forces of naturo, our best hand
maid. In bringing nbout n cure.
JOHN P. LOUD.
OMAHA, Aug. 2.-T0 tho Editor of Tho
Heo: Tho recent address of Prof. Robert
Koch beforo tho Ilrltlsh congress upon
tuberculosis In London brought forth a very
anlmnted discussion In tho congress nnd a
no less animated ono In the lay press of tho
wholo world. Tho subject Is one of such
'M'"i mum Him 11 cannot navo, too
much discussion, provided that it Is tem
perate nnd scientific. Ho has raised n ques
tion of vast Importance to tho cattle In
terests nnd has startled tho world by calling
In question tho necessity of the very rigid
Inspection which has been deemed neces
sary to fraud the human race from InXec-
7 P
nil co 111 XV
THISII POINT, llATTENllElia, ARABIANS, CH'NYS and HlttS3i:i.S CURTAINS that Imvo
1 ld from J, .60 to 112.0 per pair, they an' odd, one to tour parts of a kind all to lio sold at
0110 price, (tho biggest bargain we ever offered In lace curtains) only, pair
S Sir.Vi .-,:" om'B 1 Tr OAAU.-SY 1IKISSEUS CURTAINS- T7 T
worth $2o.n0 pair, we have too l4rU O orth JM.W pair. Just two pair Z.hCi
4,95
many, ull go nt, pair
go at
CURTAINS-
AXONY BRUSSELS
) worth J75.00 pair, Just two pair
u ui
Tapestry
for reiip
bolstering
39.50
Purnifu
31J iol(l ns high ns 5.00 yard
1111 no ai, yarn
have
50c
p--INCII SILK AND COTTON DRAP- p-r
rJ ERY CiOODS-enoUKh In the pieces S( n
for portieresi, etc., only, yard
r-rk-INCII FRENCH TAPESTRY FOLI- 4 r r
rJ AOE and oriental designs, worth l.rHJ
J3.50 to $1.60 ynrd, at .... lJJ
t OT 1 worth from 15 cents to
I , So cents per yarti
r-z-x-INCII SILK TAPESTRV-ri ular
r-fvINOIl Fl
Oil ACE an
J2.60 to $;
95c
only
3c L
p:ice (n.M lengths ntul colors) wntth rll IP
J3.M yard, all go a;, yard vv-
INCH FRENCH TAPESTRY FOLI-
1 oiletitul des nils, worth
$3.00 yard, at
IMP 1 3 and 7 yard, cords, 3c, le nnd So ynrd.
Furniture Fringe, 25c and We yard. Fringes for
curtalmi, mantels, drupe, etc.
OT 2 worth from 25 ccntd to
w cents per jnrd of
only '
Sarpet So
I . if
Hon from tuberculous cattlo. It Is thercforo
Important thnt wo know Just what position
Dr. Koch takes In the matter.
Tho Journal of tho American Medical As
sociation published Prof. Koch's address
simultaneously with Its delivery and tho
following abstract Is glenned from Its
columns:
I need not point to tho Innumerable
lctims tuberculosis annually clali - nor
to tho boundless misery It brings. -u
all know that thero Is no dlsenso which
inflicts such deep wounds upon mankind.
All tho greater would bo tho general Joy
If tho efforts which aro being mado to rid
mankind of this enemy, which consumes
Us inmost mnrrow, wero crowned with
success. Jluny doubt tho possibility of
successfully combutlng this disease. This
Is by no means my opinion. Wo may
enter this conflict with a surely founded
prospect of success. Only a few decades
ngo Its real naturo was unknown: it was
regnrded ns tho expression of soclnl misery.
o know that boclal misery fosters tuber
culosis, but tho real cause Is a parasite, a
visible and palpable enemy, which wo can
pursue nnd nnnlhllate. It Is a great
blunder to treat pestilences nccordlng to a
general Hcheme, as formerly; for cholera,
plague and leprosy Isolation, quarantlno
and useless disinfection were nlways re
sorted to. Wo now know that every dis
ease must bo treated according to Its own
special Individuality nnd tho measures
taken ngnlnst It must bo most accurately
adapted to its apeclal nature, As nn Illus
tration, tho pestilence which Is nt this
moment In the foreground, tho bubonic
plague, may bo Instructive. Peoplo used to
act upon tho conviction that n plague
patient was In tho highest degrco a center
of Infection nnd tho dlseaso wa.s only
transmitted by plaguo patients and their
belongings. It Is now known that only
thoso plaguo patients who suffer from
plaguo pneumonia nro centers of Infection
and that the real transmitters of the plaguo
aro tho rats. It has been found that
wherever tho rats wero exterminated tho
plaguo rapidly disappeared: where too
little nttentlon has been paid to tho rat
plague tho pestilence continued. With
cholcrn the case Is essentially different;
Its main nnd most dangerous propagator
Is water, and therefore, In the combating
of cholera, water Is tho first thing to bo
considered. Hydrophobia Is not void of
Instruction. Tho only real way of com
bating this pestilence Is by compulsory
muzzling of dogs. Leprosy Is caused by a
parasite which greatly resembles tho
tubercle bacillus. It Is transmitted only
from person to person, but only when thoy
como In close contact, as In smnll dwell
ings. Transmission by animals or water
Is out of tho question.
Theso exnmplea show that In combating
pestilences wo must strlko ut tho root of
tho evil. Tho (iiiestlon Is whether what
has been done really strikes nt tho root of
tuberculosis. How does Infection tako
placo In tuberculosis? In tho majority of
cases tuberculosis has Its scat In tho Iuoks
nnd hns begun thcro; the tubercle bacilli
iniiBt havo gotten Into the lungs by In
halation, Wo know with certainty that tho
bacilli got Into the air with tho sputum
of consumptive patients, By coughing, and
even speaking. It Is flung Into tho nlr In
llttlo drops nnd can nt once Infect persons
near. It may nlso bo pulverized when
dried nnd get Into tho nlr In the form of
dust. Great Irnportanco used to bo at
tached to tho hereditary transmission of
tuberculosis. It has now been 'demnp
strnted that hereditary tuberculosis is ex
tremely rare and wo nro nt liberty to leave
this form entirely out of account. It Is
generally nHsumed that thu transmission
of tho germs of tho dlseaso from tuber
cuIojh animals to man Is proved
nnd that It Is so frequent as to be tho
most Important modo of infection nnd the
most rigorous measures nro demanded
against It. My Investigations have led mo
to form nn opinion deviating from tho
generally accepted one. Tuberculosis has
been observed in almost all domestic nnl
mals, most frequently In poultry nnd cattle.
That of poultry differs ho much from
humnn tuberculosis that wo may leave It
out of account ns a source of Infection for
mnn. In my flrHt publication on tho cnuno
of tuberculosis I expressed myself with
reserve regarding tho Identity of human
and bovine tuberculosis. Sure proofH of
their absolute Identity were undlscovernblo
and I had to leave tho question undecided.
I have roneatedlv resumed thn Invnotii'n.
tlnns, but so long ns 1 experimented on decldo whether Intestinal tuberculosis was
small anlmnls, such na rabbits nnd guinea of human or animal origin. Now wo can
pigs. I fnlled to nrrlvo nt nny satisfactory make tho diagnosis; If they infect cattlo
results, though Indications of their 11011- thoy camo from bovine tuberculosis; If
Identity wero not wanting. Not until tho not. from human. My Investigations thus
ministry of agriculture enabled me to ox- far do not support tho assumption that
perlment on cattlo did I nrrlvo nt absolutely bo vino tuberculosis occurs In mnn. Though
conclusive results. I feel Justified In main- tho question is not yet absolutely decided,
talnlng that human tuberculosis differs ono Is at liberty to say that, If such a
from bovine nnd cannot bo transmitted to susceptibility really exlHts, tho Infection of
cattle. human beings ! a raro occurrence. I
Is man susceptible to boviho tuberculosis? nhould estimate tho extent of tho Infection
It Is impossible to glvo this question a from milk and tho flesh of tuberculous
direct answer, becmixn the experimental cattlo nnd from butter ns hardly greater
Investigation of It with human beings Is than that of hereditary transmission, ami I
out of tho question. Tho milk nnd butter do not deem it advisable to tnko nny
consumed In great cities. very often con- measures against It.
tnln largo quantities of bovine bncllll. Tho main Hourco of Infection In tho
Most of tho Inhabitants dally consumo sputum of consumptive patlentH. Among
living and perfectly virulent bncllll. If tho poor, often, tho wholo family sleons
these wero able to Infect humnn beings cro'wded together In ono smull room; tho
many cases of tuberculosis so caused would sufferer scatters tho morbid matter with
occur. Most medical men believe this to every cough anil tho family Inhales tho
1)0 true: In realitv It is not HO. Thnt n ,wlanii nnrl lu InfniMPil : tint momhiTR rilti
enso of tuberculosis hns been caused by out nnd causo thn opinion thnt the dlsenso
such food can bo assumed with rertnlntv Is hereditary, whereas Uh transmission wns
only when tho Intestine suffers first with duo solely to tho HlinplcHt process of In-
prlmnry tuberculosis. Such cases nro ex- tectlnn. Poverty per ho does not favor
tremely rare. I havo seen primary tuber- tuberculosis, It Is the domestic conditions
culosls of the Intestine only twice. Among under which tho poor live,
the creat post-mortem material of the - Obligatory notification of tuberculosis is
Chnrlto hosnltnl In Berlin onlv ten cases lnillnn.mu;illr. niRinfec Hnn must be nt.
occurred In five years; among 3.101 post- footed when consumptives dlo or chango
mortem examinations of tuberculous chll-Jthelr residence; not only tho dwellings, but
dren Bledert saw only sixteen cases, also tho beds and clothing should be ills
Statistics Indubitably show that primary ilnfected. Tho war against tuberculnslb
tuberetiloH U of tho . Intestine, especially fmiiHt bo wnged both by means of Hnnltorla
nmong children, Ib a comparatively -nro 1 and all other measures. Tho Hnnltorla aro 1
dlseaso and of theso few cases It Is by ii erroneously held to be of thn hlcb.st
no mennH certnln that thoy were duo tofivaluu; they am "not; they nro of Biibordl-1
iiiiriiiim 1 ruin Mm wiviiiti. n ib just nsimie value, i.enenil nronlivlaxlH from
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9 he. Silkolincs, all in store, 9 he.
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Tapestry Squares for chair ssats and cushions 25c, 50c and 75c.
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