Education
Lo.NnoN. May jy. - iSh olnl Corre
spondence for Tlic Hee i No one
who litis hml a taste of English
eminiry II fo can share eontontrdly
six million other people
the advantages and drawbacks of this great
est elly on enrth, until he. has llrst Riven
himself the chance to look again upon
the green fields of this beautiful land, with
their (diluent spangling of hutti rctipg and
daisies, and to listen once more to that
matehless symphony of the woods which
Is kept up here all day and far Into tho
loan twilight by the thrush, the linnet, tho
bark, the blaekblrd. and the world-famed
English nightingale. Such at any rate waa
the feeling of tho ono who has undertaken
In this correspondence to she American
readers the latest nnd newest develop
ments In charitable nnd reform work over
here, and the fact of the annual meeting
of the charity organization societies or
(ireat llrllalu being held this month in the
university town of Cambridge, situate, ns
that town Is. In the midst of charming
English sconory, with no end of character
istic English villages all nbout It, afforded
Just the opportunity I craved, nnd made
it possible for me, while enjoying pleasure,
to still attend to business.
Oxoilllins In Mi-ululitJiifUrlN.
Cambridge Itself, the cap and gown part
of it, was In a Mutter of apprehension.
Over tho rival I'lilvcrslty of Oxford there
has recently passed one of those periodic
waes of social and moral stringency, re
sembling on a small scale the icforin
spasms which occasionally attack New
York City. Certain rides are to be en
forced which of late. It appears, have fallen
Into "innocuous desuetude." Tho "unilcr
grad" must now always wear Ids cap
and gown when he appears on the streets
In the forenoon, anil woe betide him If
hereafter he shall dare to dispense with
this tell-tale paraphernalia In any walks
he may take after his evening dinner. The
point of this Is that Oxford Is determined
to keep Its students nut of taverns, bil
liard rooms, and even restaurants, nnd that
the cap and gown rule, rigidly enforced,
will materially aid the proctor and his
sputters, or "bull dogs," as they arc called,
In bringing this reform to pass. So It Is
nt Oxford, and at Cambridge tremors of
apprehension were felt by tavern keepers
and others lest a regime of equal strictness
should be Inaugurated there. Hut nt any
rate the Cambridge "Spinning House" has
had Its day. This was tho university
basilic in which formerly, without any
legal process, any girl, good or bad, might
be Incarcerated for the simple offense of
being found conversing on tho streets with
a university man after a certain hour In
the evening. What gave this woman's
prison Its moral deathblow was that some
yenrs ago there was Immured In It a girl
who, tho n little venturesome, was still
perfect in virtue and belonged to ono of
the best families, nnd now In the march of
Improvements has the building itself been
demolished.
I'llll'l Cseiiiie Hie (il.
Incidental to this Cambridge visit was
that coveted view of English life, with lta
quaint vlllnges, trim landscapes and en
rapturing bird songs. Hut tho city fol
lowed me oven Into the country nnd tho way
In which this was dene Is so typical of
old England and will serve so well to Intro
duce the proceedings of that great Cam
bridge conference on charities that I
should be culpable If I failed to describo It.
In saying Hint the city followed I mean
SCENE AT DEDICATION
as an Eradicator of Pauperism in
merely thnt tho corporation of tho city
took Its way that morning Into the country.
The mayor of Cambridge was In his scarlet
robes and the tnncobcarer. more gaudy
Mill, was In front of him. while in other
carriages were lesser dignitaries. Twelve
miles did they Journey in this state to the
little village of Reach. This settlement
daten back to King John and. though It
Is little more than a hamlet now. It was
known some hundreds of years ago as "The
City of the Seven Churches." It was, how
ever, no church business thnt was on foot
that day. nor anything relating to King
John's magna chnrta. It was a simple
horse fair that had to be opened and bo
fore the thing could stnrt in due form
there must be n proclamation of It, with Its
precedent "Oyez" by the mayor of the
neighboring university town. This Is be
cause Cambridge still enjoys, In shadow If
not In substance, some manorial lights over
that village.
In this occurrence there were distant
suggestions of what you meet hero
wherever you go- not only the inustlniss of
age. but tho love of pomp and that attach
ment of the people to old customs, which
sentimentality is one of their greatest
charms, but which In Its practical effects,
particularly as applied to trade and com
merce, is their great national misfortune
and Is gradually losing them the markets
of the world. Hut over this last named
trail why should an American shed any
tears when what lh their loss Is our gain?
This American didn't, lie scarcely, In fact,
thought of it when this nntlquated for
mality llrst came to his notice, so occupied
was he with reflections It aroused beating
directly upon the subject of his visit.
l.lll'UCNN .IIUK-I4 I'llMTl),
This cavalcade of dignitaries, having
properly performed its oflice, was then on
tho return Journey toward Cambridge. The
villagers were out in forco with nil their
many children, nnd those Interested spec
tators, I b 1 found, were as much bent on
buslniss as on pltasure, for from llino im
memorial the Cambridge corporation in Its
annual visits to Reach has been in the hnbit
of throwing out newly-coined pennies and
ha'pennies as a sort of largess to mark Its
progress. One of these 1 got myself; 1
couldn't help picking It up. It was thrown
so near. How fortunate I wns, for they
tell me that this Is tho last coinage that
will bear the Image of Queen Victorln,
and that if I keep It a hundred years or so
nnd am still In England I may perhaps sell
It for $1,000 or more! Hut thoughts of per.
sonal gain did not In tho least blind mo to
the significance of this proceeding, nnd It
seemed as though, In the uiatlor-of-courso
way In which those coins wero thrown out
and In tho eager scramble of the boys nnd
girls to got them, I had before mo as truo
nn explanation of why pauperism Is so
common In Englnnd ns any that was offered
at that great meeting of tho charity so
cieties. Isn't it because tho children of
tho working classes nnd those still poorer
nre so largely taught from Infancy to ex
pect tips nnd bounties of various kinds?
This, I am sure, will bear thinking about,
and the more nny visitor thinks of It with
his eyes open tho more likely will he be
to fall in with It.
Hut, happily, pauperism is decreasing In
this country. It alwnys does In every conn
try ns education extends nnd self-respect
becomes more common. The term "pau
per" is not Inclusive of the great mass of
struggling people who are helped now and
again by individuals, nor tho large number
who gel systematic help from charitable
j-'.f
OP FLOYD MON I MENT AT SIOUX CITY
societies, providing Unit these do not also
"come on the rates" for help To be
classed ns a pauper one must be supported
In whole or part by the parish. In Jul)
Inst the number enjoying this unfortunate
distinction In England and Wales was Till,--IS.
Enr nn aggregate population esti
mated then ul a little oxer .I2.iiii0.0iin. this
is a painful showing, amounting to about
one in every forty-two persons. Relatively,
however, these figures are encouraging, for
the year before the total exceeded that of
Inst year by ltl.iri.Y Recently, too. I have
seen it stntod on good nttthorlty that If
the paupers of today were In the same
ratio to the population as they were thirty
or more years ago. there would now be
not the "Ol.'-MS which there really are, but
twice that number, or more than t.fiOn.OOn
of this unfortunate class.
Mllliliootl Vhhci'Im Itu'll.
The Inference from this Is that the last
thirty years have witnessed a gradual In
crease amougsl the lower classes of the
elements which make for self-supporting
manhood, and one cannot help recalling
in this connection that It was Just nbout
thirty years ago when, by the elementary
education net. with Its provision for school
boards and for large grants of money, the
llrst steps were taken to put within rench
of these elnsses the benefits of the common
school. Since then hardly a year has passed
In which Parliament has not enlarged upon
this llrst enactment. The first great addi
tion wns a compulsory nt tendance law and
the next wns the entire abolition of the
weekly fees. The children of the poorest
may now begin to get free education when
i hoy reach tu ago of ,1 eais, and only whoi
they have passed certain elementary stand
ards, or have reached U years, does
the Inw exempt them from nttendanre.
This Is certainly good as far as It goes, but
the quality of those ten years of early In
struction, the conditions under which the
teaching Is given and how Inadequately it
fits the recipients for a manly, self-supporting
lifethese evidently nre questions
that nre still In fierce dlFpute.
At the recent conference of charity or
ganizations the fuultlness of the existing
educational system was boldly classed by
Mr. T. C. Horsefall of Macclesfield, one of
the best nuthorltles In England, as one of
the causes of English pauperism. The one
chance, he said, which the mass of the peo
ple had of being able to keep off poverty
was In Its keeping or gaining health and
strength In childhood and youth, nnd In Its
gaining then the power to work well and
use rightly Its leisure time. Hut tho com
munity, he said, by establishing a system
of compulsory, education, had taken tho
formative time of the life of every member
of tho working class under Its own control,
nnd by Its failure to even attempt to keep
healthy children healthy, to bring to the
nlllng n return of health nnd to train all
children to desire nnd know how to work
well nnd how to use nrlght their leisure
time, It war directly tho cause of a great
amount of the existing poverty.
Condition Heller.
That the utterances of this speaker were
largely shared by the 2.pi0 charity experts
who had gathered from nil parts of the
kingdom to listen to him. wns evident from
the hearty "hear, hears" which greeted
them. Hut for myself, knowing from long
and close observation how much better
present conditions nre In Kngllsh school
life than thoso formerly In vogue. I felt
relieved when the foregoing statement was
modified a little. Mr. Horsefall admitted
that by their national system of education
I'll .1
I f
ON MEMORIAL DAY
the population generally was betlet titled
for self supporting nnd self respect tug life
than It could be with no ostein, but to his
main . indention he still held It was Im
possible to doubt, lie said, that If the Kng
llsh system wen- but as thoughtfully ar
ranged, and as complctcl) managed as that
of Switzerland and Hume In vogue in parts
of (iertnauy, thousand of men and women
who were now paupers, or sickly would be
strong nnd healthy nnd well-to-do
It was the general opinion of this great
conference of charily experts Hint the chief
cause of poverty was environment, and that
If the laws passed and the Inllueiices exer
cised by the state nnd community were
what thex should be. the pauper class
would soon be so grontlx reduced as to give
hope of Its liual extinction. The drinking
saloon mine In for mil a little blame, of
course; et. for tolerating this lu Its pros
cut vice-breeding forms, the chief blame
lay. It was held, at the door of society
One speaker twitted his squeamlsh-mlndcd
countrymen upon their conscientious ob
jections to wholesome recreation on the
Lord's day It would be Impossible, he
said, to llml a belter method for Insuring
that the mass of the people should have
the habit of drinking to excess nnd should
not know how to use their leisure time
properly than the system so long nialn
tnlned by the guiding classes, and still but
little modillcil. by which on the one day of
rest drinking saloons are allowed to be
open nnd nil places of wholesome recrea
tion, such as tiiiuis courts, bowling greens,
cricket grounds and concert halls, are
closed.
r'.ii I ron tiii-n I mill riiiiii'i-liii.
Hut lu considering environment as a
breeder of pauperism. Ibis congress of
charities hurled Its strongest Invectives
against ovei crowding, ami the want of
proper sanitation in those inls-uaiiied
dwellings In which so many thousands of
English workmen have to llml their only
apology for a home. II was openly ad
mitted that "in nil towns and lu a large
proportion of villages, there were houses
which, by their structural wrongness, or
lack of air and light, made physical and
moral health and strength Impossible for
all, or nearly nil. who had lo live lu them."
Hut III this connection how pleasant to
know that In these days a really herculean
elTorl Is being made to alter these wretched
conditions. The haste to put up "model
dwellings" Is almost feverish. In London
It seems ns though every slum were threat
ened. The London County Council has pro
vbled lu this way for thousands upon thou
sands of workmen Two yenrs ngo It
planned nt enormous expense to re-house
some r.n.imo or i;n.nnn. and very recently It
entered upon another vast re-housing
Photographic Art Studies
TIicbo arn tho works of the Tonnesoi Sis lets of Chicago, and there Is probably no
more capnble photographic artists In the xv olid than these enthusiastic young women
There are twelve subjects from which to chooie, of which we reproduce txvo. Thcio
pictures nre handsome enough for anyone's drawing loom and may be used effectively
uufrnmed, or will look splendidly with a s Implo daik frame.
How to Get Them
These pictures are mounted on hnnilsoni (l black rnxv silk mounts, 12xlf. Inched, th
phnlogrnphs aro 79 Inches These hnvo n over been sold at the art stores for Itw
than one dollar. Ily securing an lmmcns quantity of them we are able to offei
thorn
With a Coupon
When ordering state the name of the silbjei t and If Ihey are to be malli
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I H, HULLS
KWY IIKI'.X H'l'MIONT,
THE BKE PUBLISHING COMPANY,
17th and Fnrnam Sts.
CUT OUT THIS COUPON
I'rceeut nt Heo OIllco or mnll this coupon with 10c and got your choice of
I'hotogrnphlo Art Studies. Wren ordorlnu by mall add 4c for posing.
A.RT UICI'AHTMKNT. II BB PUIIMIIIINO V OMAHA.
England
si heme, ihc total est of win. ti will reach
u l m.i ill . mure i Iran $;.tmiuioi: and this
dncsut Include what ! being done by tin
borough i mined of 1. oh, Inn or b prlx.iii
phllaiilluop). 1IKNHY TUCKLKY
Automobile Driving
(Continued from I'lfth Page )
that lies southwest of the town. Cotnforla
bio farmhouses and large count r chimin -show
the thrift of the community . A few
miles fl inn the river the hills lessen lu
sto preparatory to lending tourists to
roads that are as level as a race track.
(ii'ccnwood is the hcKiiiuniK of a straight
uwav course which follows the railroad
track into Lincoln and infers a road so
smooth that It would encourage the liulcsi
wheelman In scotch. Kidding farewell lo
Chairman It. A. Miller of the (irccnwnoil
Milage board, the aiilomolilllsts started on
a dash for the capital city. Cornllelds and
grows were blurred Into a mass of brown
and gieeti. The machine raced with tialus
that sped along the line track with the eu
thuslasm of a young aihlcte who has Just
discoveieil his powers.
I'ltislnu 'ri'iii'i ol Hie Hun,
A llxc-uiliiiltc stop at Wuxorly for wilier
A hasty giccllug to the president of the
village board, S. M. Clark, and the racer
hIii t'l 'il again on Its trip Llucoltiward. The
smokestacks of the shops at llavelock hovi
in sight and U'csIc.miii uuixcrslty was Ih
I I'Iiv In a few minutes the dome of the
stale house and a score of church spires
marked the location of the city. Suburbs
were left behind. After a short run over
pavements the automobile lauded its pas
seiigers at the door of the executive inan
hIoii, wheie they were greeted by lioveruor
and .Mis. Sax age
The patient aiualeur photographer tun.
learned to bear with equanimity the iiiuslx
Joke nbout breaking the camera. Hid the
picture taker who would also be an aulo.
mobillsl must fortify himself ugalust nil
olher iiiu.laugld from the wonld-bo xvags
The white man's burden has been lucreused
Unless you keep your bell ringing so
loudly that hearing is Impossible "Where's
jour horses?" will greet you at every
turn.
WE TEACH YOU FREE
SO. to SIO. PER DAY. Hn
Mold, Hilt rr, NUliI uml Mrtal lUt1n.
ax in m r irftvriiuft, umi Mil ariilug
.ni'rof. Umjr'a .MikIiIim. rutff
til nt'Ul iooJi. M KXI'EIUI.HE.
lUiTf iiUif. llixltru infiho li. No top.
, wo ao inning milt out nil, an tun.
'Oomolti. oil tool, lathfi. mturUli.
rto.t ra1y lor wurk, Thn Ho) mI, uw itlln rna, mAti
ti.l Vrlli foitii) I'nrtietiiPt Mmir t , I-'IU'F.,
r.iiitw a en., iMtiiin-i tvniu, nsnvvvn.H
for 10 Cents.
il I
THE ROSE.
Km