THE OMAHA DAILY BE33: STOP AY, J UK 15 2, 1001.
UNION METHODS AND MEN
How thi Wtrkiigmti af Thli 0ntry Ars
Off tniztd and Wtlfara Q undid.
Personal Liberty
Mayor Harrison of Chicago
Debates Wide Open Towns.
Various Afllllntctl Mottles, Their
Flnnttulnl StrniiRtli nnd Sonrces of
Hoventie If Intarlo Strikes
n nil Present Tronbles.
In tho current numbor of Collier's or the shores of the cold naltlc, ho wns that year enforcement was attempted, hut
Weekly, Carter II. Harrison has an artlclo taught to look upon Sunday as a day of met with such public hostility and dlsas
on "What It Mean3 to De Mayor of ChU rest, of which the morning was to bo given trous results that In 1S4 a mayor was
GENERAL GROWTH OF TRADE UNIONS caRV In tho courso of his disquisition on to divine service, tho afternoon and even- elected by an overwhelming majority wno
mo manuom duties and responsibilities lng to Innocent and healthful recreation, nmiucu mo " " "
that devoUo upon him as tho executive And so It Is that In every city In the old tho lawless cIbbscs, and the last stato was
functionary of tho Windy City, ho has tho country, on Sundays tho military band worso than tho first. Today the law 13
lonowing to say: gives a concert-In tho open air In tho city oDservra uy uru.uS .u ...... .....
Chicago Is charged by tho visitor from park In summer, In somo largo hall In tho venting, as far as possible, offense to the
tho rural districts and by somo of Its own wntcr. These concerts In tho old days, ho rellglous-mlndcd citizen.
strait-laced citizens with being "a wide attended with hlc wife nnd children nnd
open town." "Wide open." as applied to iwn hr. amnknl lils nlnn nnd drank his Thcro Is also an old-tlmo stato law
Tho spring of 1001 has been rich In labor 0 clty- ls a term subject to many construe- gBSS ot bcer whH0 his car drank In tho forbidding the disturbance of the peace by
,r.,i, ,nn , Ynrlf Trlhilni. '" "u " "" iuuuv... ....... ... ,.w narmoniCS 01 music. 10 U1IIJ 11 was nuillllT . . . . i i .. ... i .
movements sas tho Now lork Tribune, sona, melty UMd frcquently In con- mornlly wckcd nor phscaiv harmful to Under this law It Is technically Illegal to
and organized labor has come before tho nectlon with municipal affairs. Tho mean- (lrlnk a gnBg o bccr anil jislen t0 good run a 8lrcct cnr' Drlnt or 8cl1 a newspaper,
public In n conspicuous manner In tho form lng ascribed to tlicso phrases largely de- mus0 0f a Sunday afternoon, while tho ,ceP n drug store open or do a huudrod
of strikes, lockouts and sympathetic strikes. Peaia upon tho point of view of the ob od wlfe 8at at nl9 Blllo nnJ uls chUdrcn nnd ono of those things that aro done every
unit-..- - .iii-. u t i.t .... sorver. juucing irom resuiia, mere uru u ni....,i wiv nhmi, Mm. Dummy m i.i .. "
. . i j .. . . I many kinds of personal liberty as thore .. , . thl caUntrv to find liberty
nrntilovnrn nnd mnnlnvud. Imnlnnnci han linen I . . . . .L . . 1,0 cumo 10 nils couuiry 10 uuu iium;
r , nro Cla3aca 0I DCIievcrs in me auBiriw.i n.-inrn nml nf nmnn. ttn know
lerm' America to be a freo country freo from
As a native-born Chlcagoan and one who E0V,:rntnent domination in matters of rc-
nas uvea an nis mo in a city wnere me icn.,, 1Pnf. frpn in that tho noorest as
suspended, plans have been changed, prop
erty destroyed and lives sacrificed in order
that "principle" might bo maintained. The
labor movements aro usually preceded by
much deliberation and they are mado po3-
well as the richest had equal voice In mat
ters of self-government, freo in that tho
future held out unbounded possibilities to
crn cities. The demand for tho enforce
ment of ono law would bring a counter
demand for tho enforcement of tho other.
Some claim that a law should bo elthor
enforced or repealed. That ls all well nnd
good If tho power that enforces has the
power of repeal. In this case Chlcano
would enforce, but tho stato would repeal.
r.t.1- ..,, ...til f, nt tn ..,o1 con.
the energetic and ambitious, free In that It 7 ," " " V " h"u , " .
I . .. ..!.. t ... . I (.BVIlltlllUll Ul HID nnnv u niu iif,iLiiuiui v..
nau no naieiui uuruun oi cmuiiiu uruijr .... ,. iai,,r i,n... hii
llttlo of tho needs or chnractcr of Chicago.
Uy demanding tho right of homo rulo Chi
cago has kept Itself so far free from Inter
tfnii atoioa Thno tnn thn rnid lnnii nr tun niKiniciu sun or irora tinnridifd nccnfn. iin ones not nenevo in - - -
' uu.n- . ... .. . - l,l 0,l rl.lrm.n nrnn lof frno In Mr f
of tho DaKcrs' anu uoniec- ino sunny snores 01 mo nanuuc, a 'f wu, u wmo io ,uu rin.n ,m. a(
Il... l n IIWV ttn fcaa nnnfn mM. thn nn,.iirh,l rln nf vlrn nn.1 rrlmn OUt ItS OWn Street railway problem. At
Idea has been threshed ovor verbally and
fought out politically for two generations,
I think myself competent to glvo a fair
slblo by extensive organization on the part idea of what Is generally meant by tho term
nf tho workmen. Thero aro In tho United "personal liberty." At least I am sure It
States 1.3H labor organizations affiliated iH lho conception of all believers In per- BerviCOi When told that on a Sunday
with tho American Federation of Labor. """ Zm'Zl Ucoo 7 d0prlVed " W"at i COn,8 , .
j I ulstinction notween nntrt nnti ncenso nnoccnt nmusement, as well as his ln
Of theso 31 aro Known as national anu in- -mi thn mnerinnm nnH rnurairn tn do what ... ...... L .... ......
ternatlonnl unions, 15 aro state branches, they think right to themselves and fair to 8,nrtcd tho nrt cry tor "personal liberty." rf.crcnco by tho B,"' ' ' '.ra "
201 aro city contral unions nnd 1,017 aro their neighbors. t l our nB n,n att""pt, v"n . , .
ii ,i fn.inpni iniinr tn thn drt tiinp,. it mnv tin urild thnt the ni,nn nii i .,1,1 ,i thi. i . pass n street railway bill hostile to Clil-
unlona. citizen of continental birth or continental Chicago Idea of personal liberty, and In this CRK'8 Interest. The public outcry was tre-
.... ... ,ii ..-i . I ,u.,.mi ia ranHnt, nt.nv n hniUvpr In , . i rn.i..n .t,i mendous and tho bill as passed was greatly
flees aro tho headquarters of noarly all the personal liberty. Whether ho bo Protestant, towu." Tho Chlcagoan docs not confound mc-olflcd. In spito or an modincatlons. ror
important trades and aro situated In varl- Cathollo or Jew, whether ho comes from the rational Idea of personal liberty with w y" ff1,0. w"? s V" 'n
oub parts
headquarters
IlOncrS Organization uro ul iovuiuuu, iuu iu- - ;- ..,. atnl,1Uli Inrnl hnnrfl. In rlnrirn
. . . . ...... .i.- t.i .Ul- ,,l, tn nn,1 nnlltlAol I hnrtv thn nnriir kIkH r. irn nf tho nnc .nl n . tempts tO CStaUUSIl IOCBI DOardS in CliargO
liarDOrs' aro also Ul uievcinuu; mo m- i" . -. , - ..r,- . ... ..... nniirf, nrp water or nubile works aro
cycle Workers' at Toledo, Boilermakers' at and ho takes umbrage nt any and every tho open doors of pnm ng houses. Ho rtp
Kansas City. Dookblnders' at New York, attempt to place upon his courso of decent, recognlzea he Impossibility of stamping J011 .ScMa.tul?
Hoot and Shoo Makers' at Uoston, Up- orderly living such restrictions as wore out the social evil, but holds It should bo cl 111,8 Doen success
...... . kli m. , i ,.ntnn n,vr nttninntni hv thn frnvernment. of confined and, os far as Is posslblo, rc-
:e:.-, ,.i!.'V.V"r. :.-. -7 t. e. tn h. trn which ho strained: above all, ho demands It shall bo A vast majority of the citizens of Chicago
"., 1 I ,n, Htn.n e.i tho wlda jieean nnd faced an un- kept away from tho neighborhood of homes, demand homo rule In tho management of
T.iiu, . mi iiii,.i Tni knnwn lnnd whoro It Is likely to contamlnato tho minds municipal nffalrs. Our foreign population,
employes' nt Chicago 1 IMJroad Toleg- known land. of jo cspccIn,ly c,alma thftt by nuon o non.
rnPnerS ai HI. UOUia, l-rinilUt. miuhu . . , I i . l. h,..nn. Innnttv Inr t,.l,..lr,l,, .,.,
nt Drooklyn, Musicians' at St. Louis. Oron- The abstract idea of personal liberty, as nf gmblnR ,, , whc( um,r tho sunday-closlng law, which they claim
no uuuors ai ooaiou, i " ' """" protenco of closed doors, tho unwary may conflicts with their personal rights, ls sclf-
nt llocucsier, uarpemerit . cuuens, may uo Biiiiimu.. uW o ... he fleeced und the existence of which Is de- repealed.
ClgarmnKors- at umcngo, uuratBi "- ngni so to oracr ones iiiu or iu UH p0n(ont upon blood-monoy paid for protec- Tho charter of Chicago, though In many
era' nt New YorK. i-ninicrs ami uutu.mu. pormutca to enjoy ones mo , .m tIon Nor doe8 ho bcj,cve ln iocknB tho respects antiquated, ls In ono respect fully
at Lafayette Ind.; Steel and Wlro Workers best t0 tho Individual, provided that In so front dn(ra of galoons , obo,Henco to the abreast of tho tlmos and ln consonnnco with
ut l'lttsburg. Ilrowcry Workers' nt Clncln- d0ng ho locs not conflict with tho rights ,aW( wh0 porn,ttnB evasIon of tho law, modern thought. Tho makers ot tho char
natl, Horseshocrs' nt Denver, Laborers nt or the comforts of his neighbors. contempt for tho law and rldlculo of tho tor rightly held to tho Idea that good mu
Lowcll, Mass., etc. Tako our CJorman fellow citizens, for ex- jaw involved In permitting anybody and nlclpnl government demanded tho concen
Evcry trade has Its unions In tho Important nmplo. In lnrgo part ho has como to this everybody freo and unhampered access to tratlon of all executive authority In a sin
towns of tho country nnd men who aro country to freo himself nnd his chlldron th0 bar by means of a convenient side glo person. They felt that divided work
mouthers of theso unions pay monthly dues Irom tho Intolerable burden of enforced d00ri meant divided responsibility, that tho scat-
which rango from -10 cents to 80 cents. array service In tho old fatherland, Thcro Is a Sunday-closing law In tho tcrlng of power among boards would be liable
Bolng members of tho union, they receive whether ho camo from tho vino-clad valley statutes of Illinois. It was passed at so to result In evil and that tho best results
all tho benefits of tho organization. Theso 0f tho Rhino, tho oastlo-crowned hills ot afty n dato that it ls to be found In tho would follow placing tho full responsibility
Include tho right to vote on nil affairs that Thurlngla, tho dark depths of tho Illack rovlslon of tho latter '30s. In Chicago upon ono sot of shoulders, whence It could
como un for discussion at tho mcotlngs Forost, tho level stretches ot Brandenburg It has not been enforced slnco 1873. In not bo shifted.
and having their grievances tnkon enro or.
All questions ns to wages, hours of work,
otc. aro Placed in tno nanus ot men cm- .... -nntrlhnten 2 enmt-i a week for every
ployed for tho purpose of having them mombor for a term not exceeding flvo
settled and adjusted. In case of removal weojiai Tjj American Federation of Labor
from ono city to nnother tho member in having at present a membership of moro
, good standing receives a card, which ho tnan 500,000, this 2-cont contribution
presents to tho foreman of a Job In tho jkes a respcctablo sum.
town whero ho wishes to obtain employ- n,bo trados unions nro always anxious to
mont, nnd this card Is his passport. It gct, KOod men as members, but they placo
shows thot ho ls a regularly accepted mem- obstacles ln the way of "floaters" tho men
ber of tho union nnd ns such Is entitled to who belong to tho rolling stone class, and
tho protection nnd the consideration of aro 0f uttlo benefit to themselves or their
unions beyond thn Jurisdiction of his own employers. In explanation of this point a
organization. In enso of tho death of a promlnont labor organization man said:
mombor burial expenses nro provided "it Is well known that labor commands
by tho union, usually to tho amount of $125. the highest prlco In Now York, and that
If only a part of this amount is expended men ln all parts of tho country aro tempted
tho balance may be turned over to tho heirs, to Icavo their Jobs and como here. When
When locked out or on strlko tho mom- they arrlvo In New York from a place
ber receives strlko pay, which Is usually whero thero was a union of which they
sufficient to keep him from actual wont, might have been members, but did not
Thcro nro various ways of collecting s,trlko nvall themselves of the opportunity, wo
pay. In some Instances tho locnl orgunlza- mako them pay an initiation feo before
tlon pays Its members n certain amount they can Join tho union hero. This feo Is
until tho funds aro exhausted, when a de- about $25 ln nearly all tho building trades,
mand Ib made on the natlonnl organization, and need not bo paid In a lump. Tho man
In other ensos. whero tho local unions have ls taken to a mooting, and if accepted and
tm resnrvn fund becauso nil their monoy found willing to abide by tho laws govern-
Is turned ln at onco to tho national body, lng tho organization ho ls required to pay
tho strike' pay is drawn from tho national to tho union 25 per cent of his earnings
hendquartcrs. ln order that the until thu amount duo for Initiation has
parent organization may bo sup- been paid. This feo, if properly looked
nlled with funds the unions pay a per cap- upon, ls not a hardship; It constitutes an
. . r.n.n tn m r..nta. Tim mem- anchor for tho man. Ho has invested a
borshlp of tho unions cannot, however, bo respcctablo amount, nnd this has a ton
nmniiteri from tho" returns mado by these dency to mako him steady."
payments, bocnuso ln many lnstancs re- Every trado haa Its delegate, who ls
urn nm mmin nnlv for members In good known as tho "walking delegate," because
stnndlng: that Is, tho tax ls paid only for H Is his business to circulate nmong tho
such mombors ns have paid up to date, and various shops and works ln order to koep ln
ns tho delinquent list In somo unions ls toucn wun mo mcmoers oi mo organiza
nftm. inrirn thn memborshlD may safely bo tlons, hear their grievances, adjust dlffl-
counted as ono-qunrtcr ln excess ot the rc- cultles, collect dues nnd seo that the alms
turns mado to tho national organization, of tho union aro carried out. It is lm
a union may havo n membership of 600. and posslblo for tho walking delegate to keep
If only 100 havo paid up, returns for only Informed as to what Is going on In tho
400 will bo nmdo to tho national organlza- various places over which he has authority
tion, unless ho has help, and for that reason ho
Work of Hie Xntlonnl Kederntlnn. has 'an assistant, or deputy, nt the various
Th innnt nn in t ernnt innn i unions buildings or other places where union poo
owe obligations to tho American Federation nleu are omployed, who Is known as the
of Labor, and aro compelled to pay an an- "sbP steward." This official receives no
nual per capita tax of 5 mills to that organ- Pay- excepting a commission on the money
Watlon. ln return for this tho national ho collects but he has a higher standing,
,.,. i u.u nnnneini imnnrt tn Htrik. becauso of his doputvahlp, among his
ers and locked out men In cases whero thcro brother Journeymen. The delegate re
ts a shortage of funds, and ln Instances colves from him the cards of out-of-town
., mnuomnnt nf thn fltrlknrs has workmen and Information ns to grievances,
rocelvcd tho Indorsement of tho federation, otc. The delegate himself usually receives
When the federation must como to tho res- r his services from 60 cents to $1 a day
more man mu juurucjmcu oi ma iruuu.
Ho keeps the books, looks after the
finances, attonds to the correspondence with
tho higher authorities, and, iu
caeo ot troublo between the
men and their employer, he orders a strike.
In many respects the walking delegate Is
an autocrat. His order to men to leavo
work and go on strike Is not questioned
and his actions are rarely opposed. When
grievances have assumed such form that an
amlcablo adjustment cannot bo arrived at
tho delegates representing the various
trades usually havo a meeting, henr tho
sldo of tho men, and, if possible, that ot
the employer, and when theso have beon
taken into consideration and It becomes
apparent that no settlement can be
reached tho strike ls ordered. Tho men
are told that at a certain hour they must
leavo tho works.
"Between meetings," said an Intelligent
member of a trades union, "the walking
delegate Is king. He may come to our
shop, and, without anybody knowing why,
tell tho foreman that everybody must go
on strlko at somo hour that day, and tho
chances nro that tho pcoplo will go and
say nothing. Being out means a loss of
moro than half pay for tho wholo lot, but
nobody kicks, becauso It Is enough to know
tho strlko was ordered by tho delegate
But a day of reckoning comes at tho next
mooting of the union. Then somebody
""""" T A
m M Vyri
Grail 0l Nci
Some men seem to
defy old age. They
walk erect. Their
eyes are bright. Their
laugh is hearty. They
sre men ot lo-uay
not men of yesterday.
They nre also men
who have kept
themselves in good
physical condition in
the post. As we grow
older waste matter
accumulates in the
system. The body
wants to know what the strike Is all about
and thero are usually enough 'has beens'
cannot throw it off without assistance. So, and 'want to bes' to mako things very
little by little the machinery of the body is unpleasant for tho delegate If he can't
cloKged, vitality is lowered, and enjoyment pr0Ve that tho strike was Justifiable. If it
oi llic ccnacc. ": uumcn ucumi .,,, n.it thn trlV
Discovery, cannot make old men young,
turns out tho strike was for a trivial
but it does make them strong and healthy! CftUsa Mr- Delegate Is pretty sure to find
By removing the waste accumulations, by hlmsolf in the ranks with other Journey-
increasing the blood supply, by strength- mon in a short time and his chances for
enlog the stomach and organs of diges- promotion after that will bo small, because
tlnn and nutrition, and thus increasing th 1 - . ... . .. .. .. .. .
V. Ti" .i r. . irii,.. T H-i. peopio win romcmoer mai no was mo
full pay might havo been enrned."
James B. Reynolds, who has given the
subject of labor organizations considerable
study, said:
"Tho labor lender Is a misunderstood
man by the nubile In ccneral and bo Is
m Medical nicorfryBd little ' PellcU.' I oftencr compelled to order strikes than
M mtnmtm J Krwu. lti fnr nn lit 1-ttW nor lA I -
yean. I owe It alt to Dr. Pierce's medicines." tho average citizen bcllovcs. Tho majority
Dr. Pierce's Fcllets greatly benefit old of labor loaders, In my opinion, resort to
men by keeping the bowels in activity, strikes only as a last measure and they
tlon
assil
Mtdical Discovery" makes erand old men.
" t suffered for six yrsrs with conntipttton and
inaigMtlnn. aunng wmcn iimt i cmpioycaiev
tiDtcwell. of Uurfk
BprtDCi, Carroll Co., Ark. "I fell that there wii
no lull) lor me, couiu noi icum ioou on my
stomach; had vertigo and wouM fall nelpleu to
the floor. 1 commenced UKinc ut, rierce's
eral phyilclant. but they could not reach my
csie," writes Mr. u. ropnieweu,
I mi
In I
fall
as Vi
Golden Medical niKoveryBd little I
rocognlzo that strikes should, If posslblo,
bo avoided."
Tho three labor movements which at
tracted great attention recently showed
various phases. At Albany tho employes
of tho traction company refused to work
with men who did not belong to their union,
and struck because tho company would not
discharge tho non-union men. Tho strlko
cost tho stato much monoy for transporting
and maintaining national guardsmen who
were sent to tho sceno to maintain order.
It cost tho lives of two cstimablo citizens.
Tho traction company lost about $20,000,
and tho employes sacrificed about $18,000,
whilo the expenso to Albany county ex
ceeded $40,000, according to published re
ports.
Tho strlko on tho part ot tho members
of tho Bricklayers' union was ordered for
another reason, and showed that non-union
men were not the only objocttonnblo fea
tures on a union work. A contractor had
sublet part of his contract, and becauso
tho sub-contractor was objectlonablo to the
union a strlko was ordered. This was set
tled by a Joint arbitration commttteo. The
mon then wanted pay for tho time they
lost, and would not submit tho question
as to pay for "waiting time" to arbitra
tion. Then the Mason Builders' associa
tion, which Includes in its membership
about eighty of tho important builders of
the city, hold a meeting, and by a resolu
tion locked out the protesting union men.
The resolution stated that all work of
Journeymen bricklayers on tho building
operations of tho members ot tho Mason
Builders' association should bo suspended
unless the members of the Bricklayers'
union would live up to the annual agree
ment existing between tho builders' asso
elation and the unions, and nbtdo by the
decision ot tho Joint arbitration board.
Still another strlko feature was pre
scnted In tho case of tho machinists' move
ment, by which 50,000 men went on strike
last week. In this Instanco tho mon asked
that the work day. be reduced to nlno hours,
for which they wanted ten hours' pay. This
organization has Its national headquarters
at Washington, D. C, and has seventeen
local organizations In Now York and this
vicinity, which ls known as district No. 15.
The membership Is large; one union ln
Now York has 700 members nnd two In
Brooklyn have about COO each. The stato
membership Is about 14,000 and tho union's
strength In tho United States Is about
72,000. An apprentice Is eligible and may
bo elected as a member of the union after
serving two and a half years, but ho ls not
entitled to full membership until ho has
been threo years an apprentice Tho dues
average 75 cents a month and members are
entitled to sick and funeral benefits, and
.In case of strlko married men rccelvo $6
and unmarried men $4 a week whilo the
strlko lasts.
Whilo tho demands of the machinists were
under consideration shops In all parts of
the country were affected, but many of tho
employers made torras with their men, so
that on Wednesday tbo number of strikers
had been reduced to 30,000 and tho prospect
of a settlement seemed bright.
The Founding of the Federation.
Tho American Federation of Labor was
mado up originally of members of tho
Knights of Labor and tho Amalgamated
Labor union. Theso bodies called a conven
tion, which met at Terro Haute, Ind., In
August, 18S1, for tho purpose of supplanting
tbo Knights of Labor with a new secret
order. Tho convention did not succeed In
the work which had been planned for it,
and another call was Issued for a conven
tion, to be held at Pittsburg tn Novem
ber. 1881. At this convention 107 delegates
wefo present, representing 2G2.000 workmen.
At that meeting a pormanent organization
was effected under tbo namo Federation of
Organized Trades and Labor Unions of tho
United States and Canada. The present
namo was adopted at tbo meeting held at
Columbus, O., In December, 1886.
Although tho cause of labor was aided
by tbo organization of the national body.
thero had been revolts and uprisings long
bofore central labor organizations were
heard of, Carroll D. Wright, In a book de
voted to tho subject of labor, tells of a
strike nmong the Journeymen shoemakers of
Philadelphia In 1805. They struck for on
increase or irom io cents to to cents a
pntr of shojs. This strlko lasted six or
seven weeks, and was unsuccessful. The
strikers wore tried for conspiracy. Before
this, In November, 1803, tho sailors' strlko
took place. At that time sailors received
$10 a month. They demanded nn Increase
In their pay, formed In a body, marched
through the city, and compelled other sea
men who were employed at the same rates
to leave tho ships and Join their ranks
Tho strikers were pursued and dispersed
felling Superior purniture
IVfc tlr mMnkY Thk one week we are offering some extra special
I O K l II C 111 O Fl W y values on aood urn itu re, dressers, ch iff on icrs and
sideboards. A la roe car-load o theso goods just received and go on sale Monday morning
or one week only at these special prices. .
by tho constables, who arrested tho leaders
and lodged them ln Jail. Tho strlko was a
failure. In 1809 tho Journeymen cordwaln-
ers of New York struck. In those days
suspension of work nt ono shop was known
as a strike, and a general stoppngo lu all
tno shops of tho trado was termed a "gen-
oral turnout."
In 1817 a peculiar strlko took placo at
Medford, Mass. A shipbuilder of thnt
placo. Thachcr Magoun, abolished tho grog
priviicgo which was customary In all ship
yards at thot tlmo. Tho words "No rum"
wero posted ln conspicuous places in tho
yard and notice was given to tho men that
no liquor should bo used In tho workshops.
Many of tho men refused to work, but they
finally surrendered, nnd tho ship was built!
without tho uso of liquor. From 1821 to
1834 thoro wero several strikes, but never
moro tnan ono or two ln a year. The
strlko Involving tho greatest numbor of
persons ln that timo took placo at Lynn.
Mass., in 1833, when moro thnn 1,000 women
bhuu Dinners reiusea to tako any moro
woric until tho prlco of binding had been
Increased. Tho manufacturers refused to
accede to tho demands of tho binders, and
the strike, after three or four weeks,
came to an unsuccessful termination.
HUtarlo Striken.
In tho year 1835 strikes becamo popular.
and from 1881 to 1886 thero woro 3,502 strikes
of sufficient lmportanco to bo noticed by tho
government statistician. The strikes af
fected 22,304 establishments, tho wholo
number of employes Involved being about
1.400,000. In 1880 thero wero 010 strikes,
involving 3,477 business concorns. In 1887
thero wero 853 strikes, tho employes coming
rrom 4.S63 business establishments. In
Mr. Wright's account of strikes ho says In
tho period from 18S1 to 1886 1,323,203 em
ployes wero Involved in strikes. Of this
number 88.42 por cent wero males. Tho
number of successful strikes in that poriod
was 46.52 per cent, while 33.95 per cent
failed and 13.47 por cent succeeded partially.
Tno urst or tho great historic strikes oc
curred ln 1877, when tho employes of tho
Baltimore & Ohio railroad at Martinsburg
refused to accept a reduction of 10 per cent
in wages. In this strlko not only the stato
militia, but tho United States troops, wore
called out to quell riots and disturbances.
Another great Btriko wob tho ono on tho
Pennsylvania railroad, which broko out ot
Pittsburg on Juno 27, 1877. Still another
notablo strike was that of tho telegraphers,
which occurrod ln 1883. This took placo
to sccuro the abolition of Sunday work
without extra pay, and tho "equalization of
pay between tho sexes for tho same work."
Tho strlko Insted from July 19 to August
-o, ana was unsuccessful, tho loss to em
ployes bolng about $230,000, whilo they
expended about $62,000 In assisting destitute
operators.
Tho strikes on the Gould syBtem In 1883
and 1886 and tho Homestead strlko In 1S92
wero important uprisings, tho latter being
considered tho bitterest labor war ever
waged In this country up to that tlmo.
It was tho first labor disturbance in which
Plnkerton detectives played an importnnt '
part, 'ineso mon wore particularly oblec-
iionanie to tne BtriKors, who stoned them.
rcsiBtod their approach with firearms and
sprayed tho boats In which they came with
petroleum, Intending to burn tho detectives
out.
Tho Chicago strlko of 1894 was the most
expensive and far-reaching labor con
troversy that this country has ever seen,
Tho strlko grow out of a demand of some
Pullman employes for restoration of wages
paid tho previous year, but tho company
refused to pay tho old wages on account
of a reduction In tho volumo of business.
Out of this llttlo beginning grew a strike
tho cost of which amounted to about $700,-
000 In property destroyed and hire of
United States marshals. The roads lost
In earnings $5,000,000 and tho employes
lost more than $3o0,000. workmen on rail
roads radiating from Chicago lost nearly
$1,400,000 In wages and tho loss to tho
country at large was estimated at many
millions of dollars. Itlots, Intimidations.
assaults, murdor, arson and burglary were
somo of tho accompaniments of tho great
strike and it took 14,186 men, police nnd
military, to restore order.
The system of arbitration has done much
toward averting strikes and their ruinous
consequences and many of tho men who
nro prominent in tho ranks of organized
labor say that tho day of the great strike
ls over and that differences may always be
adjusted If tho proper men aro allowed to
mcot.
yjj -r '.''"-r"Srl
3L P &t w
hmMm
K9sM .5; ml
w&WWM mi
fining
nier
Massivo design, hand
somcly polished, tlrst class con
struction, (exactly like picture),
mado of best select figured qunr-
ter-sawed golden onk. Notlco tho chiffonier Is richly carved, French shupo
claw feet, has four largo and two small drawers nnd cabinet. Full double swell
front solid brass trimmings and solid ends. 21 Inches deep, 3S QQ
Inches wide,, has pretty French pattern shnpo mirror. 20x2l-ln. 9 W H
A chiffonier ordinarily sold for $30 special this week Sf M
ChilTonier mado of boat, select figured quarter-sawed oak
French bevel mirror 1Cx26 inches, French shape feet, double swell front, fitted
with solid brass handles, ls 20 Inches deep, 3S Inches wide, In -mt 7K
every respect u $2S.00 value, special I
this week A J
ChitToiioir, large, elegant design, top 21x8 inches,
hnt box, four large nnd two small drawers, double swell front, solid
mado of best select, figured qunrtcr-sawed oak, golden polished
finish, worth regularly $21.00
special
Another pattern, very similar dosigd, 20 ins.
deep, 3S Inches wide, same construction nnd finish, worth regu
larly $23.00 special at
has
ends,
175
16?
Qresser
Dressers exactly like
cut nnd without question tho
best value ever offered, made of
select, figured quartor-sawed golden oak, hand polished, has bulgo front,
top Is 21x13, largo pattern shape mirror 30x21 Inches, neatly but richly
hand carved, exactly like cut, you must see tho dresser to JsnWQ
appreciate tho extraordinary value. Regularly worth $21 I " f
special this week each
Another pattern of dresser with large bevel mirror
24x30 Inches, pnttcrn shape, has two large nnd two small drawers, orna
mentally carved, hand polished ln the golden oak tf OO
worth regularly
this week at ....
$23.00 special
18
Sideboards
Just two patterns
o sideboards re
ceived in this car
both o which we put on sale Monday at special prices.
Sideboard of select quarter-sawed golden oak, highly hnnd polished, top
ls 23 Inches deep, 48 Inches wide, has French bevel mirror 18x32 Inches
ono drawer lined for sliver. Is n large, mnsslvo design sideboard, neatly
but richly carved, fitted with best trlmmlugs, extra special prico $23.00.
Another design with large bevel mirror 1S.30, mado of best figured quarter-sawed golden oak, hand polished. Thoso
goods must bo Been to appreciate tho uxceptlon.il values. Thcao sideboards aro without question tho best vnlucs yet
offered. This particular ono on salo special at $27.50.
This salo for ono week only will bo of special interest to nnyono in need of any ot tho nbovo mentioned articles. Tho
values that wo offer aro for goods of quality, character nnd stylo and aro offored at n prlco inducement that will mako
It worth your while to Investigate. It passing by look In our cast window, but como In nnd seo tho goods, Just as wcl
como to look as to buy. We have cheaper and higher priced goods, tho above strikes tho happy medium.
Orchard & Wilhelm
Sarpet So.
Douglas
60
PILLS
50
CENTS
NERVITA PILLS
Restore Vitality, Lost Vigor and Manhood
Cure Impotency, Night Emissions, Loss of Memory, all wasting
diseases, all effects of self-abuse or excess
and indiscretion. A Nerve Tonic and
Blood Builder. Brings the pink glow to
pale cheeks and restores the fire of youth.
By mail 50o per box, 6 boxes for $2.50,
with our Bankable Guarantee Bond to
cure or refund the money paid. Send for circular and copy of
our Bankable Guarantee Bond.
EXTRA STRENGTH
Immediate Results
Positively guaranteed cure for Loss of Power, Varicocele, Un
developed or Shrunken Organs, Paresis, Locomotor Ataxia,
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Results of Excessive Use of Tobacco, Opium or Liquor. By
mail in plain package, $1.00 a box, 6 for $5.00 with our Bank
able Guarantee Bod to cure in 30 days or refund money paid.
Nervita Medical Co., ciinton and Jackson sts., Chicago, III.
Far solo ly Kiiliu Jb Co., l.'tli n sit Douglas St,, Omniin, .Vcli.t George 9. Darin, Council lllnrra, luvrn.
Nervita Tablets
(YELLOW LABEL)
mmm
mm
Paii Leaves Its Mark.
Pal faces and haggard eyes tell of female ufferlng.
They tell of weak blood and shattered nerves, sleepless
nights and drowsy days. Thero are a million women in
America suffering as Mrs. Keith suffered. They have head
aches, pains in the stomach, in the legs, arms and back,
are dull and drowsy by day, nervous and sleepless by night.
If you have these symptoms you have "female troubles".
Wine of Cardul has completely cured hundreds of thous
ands of such cases. It stops the pain and insures perfect
hoalth. Do you realize what a joy perfect health would bo?
WIFoCARDUJ
in invigorating the organs of womanhood, fits a woman
for every duty of life. Try it! All druqqists sell Sl.OO
bottles. Thedford's Black-Draught, the companion medicine, performs
the important function of regulating the stomach and bowels. This
has much to do with a cure.
9 Valley Crttk, Vs., Aujuit 4. 1900.
It Ii with pleasure I write you in regard to my good health. In the sprlnj of ISQ9 I was very low. My friends
(housht I could not live. In fact, I thoucht io myielf. I had used to many kinds of medicine without fitting
relief. At last I decided to try your medicine. I commenced to use Wine of Cardul and Thcdford't Black-Draught
and In a short time I bcan to improve. I gained 26 pounds In wcljht I am enjoying better health than I have
In yMrs. Mn. N. U. KEITH.
For (1tIc and literatures, addraai, rtvltis ijrmptorei, "Th Ladles' Adrlaorr
Department," The Obattanooga Medicine Company, Cbattanooca, Tenn.
No menu Is complete without Cook's Im.
porlal Extra Dry Champagne on It. If not
on am for lu