THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: SA'tTTtUAY, DECEMBER 20, 1000.
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IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRICITY
Old and How Motivo Powers Train for a
Fight in Now England.
'LIMIT OF STEAM POWER REACHED
Itrc-nt TmU of Ulrctrlelty In Hie
Petrification of Sevrime I'rnKrca
and Inipror rmrnl ut Vnrloun
Places.
Companies operating electric lines In
New Englnnd states aro steadily on
crouching on tho business preserves of
steam railroads. Eipanson of their traffic
Is now held In check by charter limita
tions and tho railroads energetically hold
them vrlthln bounds. Preparations for a
desperate light of theso tralUc corporations
are on In Connecticut, tho bnttle to be
fought to a finish In tho legislature.
Nearly all of tho electric roads havo peti
tions for expansions to their property and
counter-petitions from opposing corpora
tions nro already being advertised In tho
stato papers. Tho avalancho of now busi
ness will not bo confined to tho electric
rnadi', but electric lighting franchises, gas,
and ovon telephone rights will bo 'asked
for In extraordinary number. The flnnnclal
success of tho resident nnd established
concerns cngngrd In tho lines mentioned
has evidently been such as to warrant
competition by now corporations, nnd In
almost ocry lino of public business enter
prise thcro Is cvldenco nt this date of ro
markablo nctlvlty from nowcomers In tho
field.
Thi electrical development of tho stato
through tho petitions of the old nnd new
companies In tho next loglslaturo will un
(TucBtU.nnbly provo ono of tho most Inter
esting periods In the history of electrical
progress In Connecticut. Whllo electrical
development has been Into In tho Nutmeg
ntatc, dating back hardly moro than eight
years, It has grown rapidly in that short
tlmo nnd Is fnst becoming n formidable fac
tor In tho business conditions of Connecti
cut. Klevcn years ago there were fifteen horse
railroads in Connecticut nnd their totol
mtlcago was but u llttlo over 100 miles. To
day thero nro thlrty-thrco separate cor
porations of tho kind In tho stato mid
theso havo absorbed In ton years sorr.o
fifty smaller enterprises that sprang tip In
tho largo cities nnd suburbs of largo cities
and were organized to soil out to tho con
trolling corporation. Krom a meager mlle-
8 go extending only In nnd about tho large
cities tho olectrio road truckage, of Con
necticut today has Increased to f00 miles
and tho thickly settled portions of tho
stato nro literally grldlroned by tho trol
ley.
Nlrnm Vermin Klectrlelt)-.
A paper on "Tho Supersession of tho
Btcnm by tho Kloctrlu Locomotive" wns
rend beforo the Ilritlsh Institution of Bice.-
trlcal Engineers last month by Mr. Lang
don of Derby. Therein It wnB noted that
bPtwoen Loudon and Bedford, n dlstnnco uf
fifty miles,. tlio'ftvcrnKe number of through
trains an hour' Is fourloen. Mr. Langdon's
estimate of tho cost of operating them by
Htcnm was 8.013 pence a train mile, nnd
7.021 pence by electricity, a dlfforonco of
nearly i cents n train mile. In tho en
suing discussion two or threo engineers
questioned tho wisdom of concentrating tho
power plant nt ono point, as tho gentle
man from Derby proposed, but no ono ills
pitted his main proposition thnt tho chango
would provo economical, indeed, .Mr. Tar
pons, tho Inventor of tho steam turbine, ro
mtfrkod' that- -Mr. Langdoaihsd undercut!
mated, rather than overestimated., tho
wastefulness of tho present system. In
cidentally, Mr. l'arsons expressed tho
opinion that n single power station wns
prefornblo to n number of them, hecauso
It would ndtnit of refinements of manage
ment nnd machinery not otherwise attain
able. Another contributor to tho discus
Ion, Major Crorapton, remarked that the
vtcnra locomotlvo has now practically
reached tho limit of its development. Tho
boiler ennnot bo enlarged without Intor
forlng with tho driving wheels, whereas no
restriction nied bo plnccd on tho supply
of electric power, Inasmuch as every axlo
may bo madn n driver.
Kleetrlelty im n Pnrltler.
Another Invention for purifying sowngo by
electricity 1b descrlbod.ln a recent Issuo of
tho Newark Dally Advertiser In tho follow
log untechntcnl mnnncr: "Tho sewngo of a
city can bo turned Into rocolving tanks
whero, by screens, tho heavier parts uro
separated. The lluld then passes Into n sec
ond tank, which Is filled with electrodes of
mnnganeso nnd dloxldo with a llttlo nluml
num. Those electrodes nro sot sldo by side
about threo Inches apart, nnd havo openings
In tho side through which tho sowngo flows
When tho tank Is filled a forro of nbout 110
Volts of electricity Is turned Into tho elec
trodes, and tho process of flovltnltzlng bo
gins. All tho Impurities rlso to tho surface
nnd form n thick scum. This separation of
the noxious elements In tho wator Is brought
nbout, tho Inventor says, by tho action o
tho electricity on tho oxygen nnd hydrogen
gases of which it Is romposod. Tho effect
produced In tho fow minutes tho current was
turned on was certainly surprising. Tho
water seemed to boll, first turning white ns
milk, and then n dingy brown. Tho scum
formed quickly and soon assumed tho con
etstoncy of putty. There Is no sediment, nil
tho Impurities being driven to tho surface,
The wnter Is then slowly drawn off nnd
turned Into tho river, or can bo stored In
reservoirs for uso In extinguishing fires or
sprinkling tho streets, thereby saving an
enormous wnsto of clear spring water. The
rofuso Is then removed from tho tank and
put Into n 'digester,' from which It parson
through n steam worm to n receiver, and
becomes clear ammonia of much strength
This In turn Is evaporated by steam nnd bo
comes ammonium salts, which Is worth to
day $56 n ton, with a limited supply. Th
coarser matter Is converted In still a third
receptacle Into a lino odorless powder, which
it Is claimed Is tho finest fertilizer known
Tho Inventor assorts that nfter ttui Instal
latlon of a plant tho works will pay for
themselves, and an endless supply of tilth
crto wasted water will bo at tho dlsposa
of tho city using It."
Telephone In .New York.
"During tho ton months from January
to October 1, 1500," says tho Electrical
World and Engineer, "tho New York (Hell
Telephono company mndo tho remarkaM
gain of over 12,600 tolephouo stations, o
which about 10,500 wero added In Mnnhat
tan and Tho Uronx and tho remainder I
Its Westchester division. If tho present
rate of growth continues, nnd thero
every reason to bollovo that It will, at the
end of tho present year tho company will
havo a total of not loss than (10,000 uta
tlons, of which nbout 55,000 will bo
Manhattan nnd The Ilronx and nbout 6,000
In the Westchester division. This will be
net Increase of 16,800 stations in the yea
or 40 per cent of tho system ns it stood
at the beginning of 1000. Whllo making
this Increase In the uuinber of telephono
users, the Now York Telephono company
has been engnged In converting Its metro
polltan system from nii'f'ncto to relay work
Ing, Involving tho reconstruction of tho
exchanges nnd tho substitution of tho
common battery Instruments for tho mag
ncto equipment at h1 subscribers' stn
tlons. At tho end of tho year only tw
exchanges, Cortlnndt and Franklin, will
remain on tho magneto plnu nnd tho new
relay exchanges for theso districts will
probably be completed before July 1, 1301
During tho year eight new oxclmuges havo
been opened In Tho Ilronx nnd tho West
chester division.
Wlnd-llrcorilliiK tinrittt
.n apparatus for recording clgh' direc
tions of the wind has been adopted nt tho
Agricultural college of Berlin. A current-
distribute! follows tho movements of the
ano. This distributer consists of a platl
num sector of 135 degrees, turning on a
vertical axN over four platinum contacts,
connected with four cloctro-magnets. Tho
axis Is joined to tho polo ol an accumula
tor-cell. Electro-magnets arc arranged In
two pairs corresponding to tho wind dl
rectlona, north-south, east-west. In front
of each pair swings a pendulum provided
with an oil damper A deflection In tho
ono ncndulum to tho left means north
wind, to tho right, south wind; the Uc
llectluns of tho other pair Indicate east
and wot winds and tho combinations of the
two simultaneous movements gives the
thcr directions. Pens aro attached to tho
nds of tho pendulums and draw parallel
curves on a papor tape, wntcn is puiteu
ownwards by a small weight. If a con
tinuous record Is desired the return 'from
tho four electro-magnets Is taken directly
back to the other polo of tho coll. At Ber
lin a rolay Is Interposed wIiobo circuit Is
by means of clockwork, which also releases
tho tape, energized overy three -minutes
Thus twenty wind-records may be obtained
In an hour.
Klrct rlf Inn .Hmokr.
Smoko, In tho form of a black fog, Is In
deed not merely an Intolerable nuisance,
but a waste, sluco It comes of unburnt car
ben. Although It cannot bo deulcd thnt the
mechanical engineer has dono much to
effect tho more thorough combustion of fuel
nd that a multitude of "Bmoko-consum
ng" appliances aro In tho market, yet tho
fact remains that tho only real effectual
heck against tho pollution of tho atmos
phcro Is tho use of smokeless coal, Elcc
rlcol science, however, which seems lu fu
uro designed to Influcnco every branch of
human activity, hero steps In with a sug
gested remedy of quite a new chnractor,
The characteristic London fog Is, as wo
most of us havo reason to know, com
pounded chiefly of soot. A number of ex
pertinents apparently possessing no rein
Hon to tho matter has led to tho discovery
that theso particles will become electrified
by Induced electricity through nn electric
cunent of a high dlschargo rate, when
thoy nro attracted by each other, cling to
gethcr nnd nro preclpltuted to tho ground
t Is suggested, therefore, thnt nn electrical
rcclpltntlng plant should bo placed on or
car tho mouth of every factory chimney,
Not only would the atmosphero bo cleaner,
but tho manufacturer would havo tho satis
faction of recovering fuel thnt would 'other
wise bo lost to him
I'mRrmi In Jniinn
Tho utilization of both tho telegraph and
telephono on tho state railways of Japan
has been quite rapid nnd tho dovelopmont
n this respect Is equal to that occurring
tho regulur commercial service. Tho
last annual report, received recently, has
n Interesting diagram of tho different lines
howlng tho vnrlous stations on tho lines
of tho Imperial government railways and
numerates the telegraph, telephono and
block-signal systems In detail. Altogether
tho nlnety-flvo points on tho railway wero
quipped. It would appear, as follows: Flvo
had telegrnph Instruments only: thirty
Ight had telegraph nnd block-signaling np
pnratus; ono had block-signaling only: ton
had telegraph, telephone nnd block-signal
Ing apparatus; four of tho stations wero
equipped only with tolophones., Ono fea
ture to noto Is that at llfty-four of tho
stations tho government accepted telo-
grams for transmission from tho public,
Tho total telegraphic tralUc for tho last
year reported was 2.773, 7liG. messages, of
which 41504 wero from tha -public,, tho
others' being On service. It would appear
thnt tho total length of lino of 'tho lmp'orlal
railways open to March, 1850, was 718
miles, or 1,010 miles of single track, the
gaugo of which Is Mated to bo three feet
six Inches.
I'lmrr Trnnnmlttcil !.') Allien.
Tho power transmission lino between Sno-
qualmlo falls and Seattle, Wash., has been
looped to mako a circuit moro than 150
miles long, nnd power has boon success
fully transmitted over this great distance
with the commercial apparatus at hand.
Whllo this cxporlmont may havo no Im
mcdlnto result In practice, It Is of deep In
terest ns showing tho possibilities of elec
trical power transmission with modern np-
paratus and under present-day conditions
Kvery such demonstration on a practical
scale Is another stop toward tho general
distribution of tho power of cataracts
and other natural sources to cities within
a considerable radius. It has often been
asked If It Is, today, practicable to trans
mit Niagara Fnlls power to New York City,
Tho proposition to do so would Involve
no great dlftlcultics not already conquered
by electrical engineers, but such a trans
mission would havo to compete with tho
alrcndy established transmission of power
In the form of coal hauled from tho fields
of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. In
tho present stato of tho nrt and of tho
coal market It would not bo expedient to
attempt to furnish electrical power In New-
York from Niagara, but, should tho ability
to transmit large powers to great distances
economically come with greater advance o
electrical engineering, thou the question
may recclvo another nnswor.
Neiv I'lionoKrunli
A New Orleans electrician says life has
Invented n phonograph without a cyllndc
or diaphragm, a phonograph that slmnlv
strings Its record on a piano wlro as you
migut uio so ninny written, sheets of paper,
When you talk over a telephono the vlbra
tlons of your voleo send out a series of
doltcato electric waves. In tho new ma
cnino a iciepnono is connected with an
electro-magnet, which Is excited by th
llttlo waves ns they travol through It ii:
Infinitely rapid succession nnd nt tho same
tlmo a long plcco of piano wlro is drawn
past Its two poles, very near, but not
touching. This magnetizes tho wlro, but
ns the magnet Itself Is continually varying
in power owing to the vibrations, thero Is
a corresponding variation In tho effect It
produces. That Is, tho wlro is magnetized
In different degrees all along its length as
If It wero divided into millions of very
thin discs, each of a scparato magnetic
power. These discs nro the record. For
reproduction a mild olectrlc current Is sent
through tho magnet and the same wlro la
again passed In front of tho poles. Tho
Irregularly magnetized wlro breaks the
current Into oxnetly tho same kind of
waves that wero originally sent out from
tho telephone, and when an ordlnnry re
ceiver Is connocted with It you hear a re
production of the voice, Just as you now
hear It over tho telephone.
Current Nolm,
Telephone franchises In Itussla wero sold
at auction recently. The St. Petersburg
local 'government got tho contract for tho
cznr H famous capital nnd will supply tho
scrvlco for 27,50 for each subscriber.
"Telephono ear". Is the latest. It has
struck Chlcngo with virulence nnd In con
sequence there is much complnlnlng of
deafness among perrons whoso dally duties
require frequent uso of the machine that
conveys nrtlculato speech,
Tho United States Lighthouse board la
making an effort to secure nil appropria
tion to equip msvcriil lightship and light
houses with wireless telegraphy or tele
phony. Tho board believes that the uc
cess of tho system bin been so fully ile.
monstrated nn to Indicate that It would
be Invaluable In communication between
lightships and tho slmro, resulting some
times In saving life. It Is proposed to In
troduce tho system gradually and an ap
propriation of $25,0(0 Is wanted for n be
ginning. A novelty In messenger call boxen )h
nbout to be Introduced In Now York City.
The now boxes, which will tnko tho plnco
of tho familiar mesienger calls, will each
carry a telephone. In design they nro cir
cular, nbout eight Inches In dlnmeter. and
carrying on ono sldo a Hmnll ler, which
Is used when It Is deelrod simply to call a
messenger On tho other side Is a hook
from which bangs n telephone recelv -r,
tho transmitter being on the fr,nt of the
ase. mere nre no lull rn, nun a- in
T"nt nrranged the district in sener
Mice cnntint i-.lll nn Mir limine 111 Wlll.'ll
tho box Is Installed. To call the district
oiiico the subscriber has only to remove
the telephono from the hook when ho oun
ive nis message, cull the pollen or nre
epartment. send 11 bov on anv desired
errand, or. In short, hold nny desired com
munication with tho district olllce.
An UnlntlR nmillrntltin nt rlentrlrltV to
cattle herding Is to be made on a. large
scale In lower California this winter. This
will bo tho placing of several searchlights
on tho mountain overlooking the ranch,
thus replacing the old system or night rid
ng to provent thieving, The tender of enrh
light will bo armed with n lmic-ranitc rill)
nnd will also be nrovlded with a signal
code by which he can flash Information to
uio otlier llubt-teiiders and nnvone wno
may bo out among the cattle. Kaon light
tender will also have at hand a telephone
connected with tho main ranch, tho push
ing of tho button ringing nn alarm bell.
ah pans or me raucu win no provincu wnn
telephone stations nnd an electric light
plant will bo Installed at the ranch, nil of
tho buildings being Illuminated with elec
tricity. What promises to be thn flrnl eleetrlcllv
station In the Congo district Is soon to bo
started ut the Komnn Catholic mission ol
i.uiuuuourg, wnicli is situated on the rlvr.r
i.uoia, a tributary of the Kaosas river,
which Is Itself n trlbutorv of the Coruro.
says tho London Hlectrlcnl Engineer. The
hend of tho mission, who has for sev
eral years been In Luiuabourg, Is now pro
ceeding thero again, taking with him a
dynamo, turbine, lamps, cables, wires, etc.
no proposes 10 oDiuin mo necessary power
from n waterfall, the fall being some twenty-eight
feet high. The dynamo will light
100 lamps and It Is proposed to Install 1G0
Incandescent Iannis and threo arc lamn.i.
Tho dynnmo wns manufactured by a llrm
in fiiurieroi ami tno turbine is or French
construction.
A lMJIOL'S GU5.
Cnnnoti with Vi'hleli I'ekln I,entlon-
er lllnfTeil the lloxerx,
Tho slorv of the International irun. lov
ingly nicknamed "Betsy" by the besieged
legatloncrs in i'ekln, has nlrcudy become
famous, It was the presence of this old
cannon within tho walls of the IJrltlsh
legation that keut the Chinese hordo at
a safe distance nnd which, probably more
loan niiyining else, suveu tne lives or mo
besieged foreigners. When tho Boxers
closed In on I'ekln, relates Leslie's Weekly,
tho foreigners found themselves with noth
ing heavier In tho shapo of nrtlllery than
n few machlno guns, nnd when tho Chi-
ncso mounted two cannon on the wall of
tho Imnerlal rltv mid beirnn to bombard
the legations their situation seemed des
perato Indeed, particularly as these can
non commanded tne moat unci roadway
which separated tho British h nation from
tho French nnd Oermnn and from tho
urcnt nalnco of Prince Hit. In which wero
gathered the native refugees under tho
protection or tno Japanese.
it was wniio scarciiing ror material to
eloail snent cartridges that this famous
old pleco was found. In n Junk shop,
where they wero looking for lead nnd pew
ter with which to mako bullets, some mu
rines found the old brecrhlondlng cannon,
It was of Kngllsh make and boro n stump
showing that It hud boon enst ill W).
How It reached the Junk shop has not yet
been discovered, but mnrlnes who found It
recognized at onco Its value for tho defense,
und It was placed on a pair of old Jlu
rlklsha wheels nnd taken over to thn bar
rocks of the American marines, near the
wall, for trial. After u llttlo experimenta
tion thn irun wns found to ho servlconbte.
nnd ns tho Jlnrlklsha wheels wero much
too light to stand tho recoil from firing
such u rusty old piece n heavier mount for
tno gun was necessary.
Tho work of preparing "Betsy" fell to
tho American gunner, .MItchc',1, and the
niinio "Internntlonnl" wns given to her
when completed, beciure all the powerj
contributed to hake her serviceable. She
was finally mounted en nn Italian giin-cur-riage,
and In order lo glvo It weight nr
ballast nnd nrevent the L-un. when fired.
from kicking clear ncross the legation, n.
Heavy beam was tanen irnm tno giilciioUHo
of the British location und anchored to
the gun-carriage as a trailer. Tho ammu
nition was mane up uy loaning iiussinu
shells with balls made from material con
tributed by almost everybody, and by u
straneo lronv of fate a lot of enntured
Chinese powder wns used In reloading tho
shells that kept off tho Chines! mobs,
Tho great trouoio wnn tno ennnon was
tho length of tlmo necessary to load and
fire, but the Chinese wero completely
fouled ns to tho amount of nrtlllery doj-
stssod by tho lcgntloners by moving tho
International gun from point to point, so
that tho Chlnene enme to belle.vo that every
vital point In the defenses of the foreign
ers wns protected by one of thCso old can
non. She was' used to bombard the Im
perial city walls. Ono particularly tine
shot, since the old rannon wns without
sights, dismounted ono or tne cnlucso can
non that had caused so much trouble to
tho defenders. loiter It was used to blow
dntvti sl hnrrleade In tho Ilanlin college.
Ono or Its nrst huh or worn was neing
hauled up tho rnmpnrts to the top of'
tho city walls nnd fired Into the Chinese
Iinrrlcano uown ny me great .-Meridian
gate. As tho shot struck and tho brlckx
ivnni (lvlnc the Chinese were so surnrlse-l
that they climbed up and looked over tho
barriers to see what had struck them, for
up to that time they had believed tnut tho
besieged hail nothing but rllles. It is
said that "Betsy" will be sent to Wnsh
Ington and preserved with other memen
toes or our marine corps.
o.m: of uiiA.vriiKi.i.'.s .hkx,
I'iinsIiik of n DiiHliIng: Uculeniinl
the .Missouri Itnliler.
of
"Bill" Hullev died at tho Stato Asylum
for tho Insane near St. Joseph, Jo n fow
days ago. Ho was Quantrell n lieutenant In
tho days when that chieftain terrorized tho
Kansas border. But, unlike Quiiutrell or,
for thnt matter, any other mnn who gavo
character to that merciless band, ho was a
man who fought merely ns a southerner
for the south.
At tho tlmo the war opened he was but
a boy, but he espoused the southern cuuso
und by reason of his outspokon denuncia
tion of tho northern sentiment got himself
so thoroughly hated that northern men
finally hnd him nrrostod and Imprisoned
contemplating Indicting him on tho charge
or being nn "orrensivo nuisance."
Quantrell. who had an eve to cood mate
rial for his company, finally made an at
tack on tho Jail whero young Hnlloy was
confined nnd released him. Out of grati
tude to nis liberator and Willi doubtless a
deslro to minlsh his former enemies the
youth joined tho guerrillas und took their
oath.
From nil accounts ho wns ono of tho most
dashing and reckless of nil tho baud. At
any rata he rose rapidly In rank nnd within
a year was chosen lieutenant, Ho rode
under tho black tlai; In tho famous forav
against Lavrenee, Knn., when thut town
was looted und burned.
A short tlmo nfter that ho obtained
leave of absence and went to Independence
Mo., ror a visit with his sweetheart. Whllo
there ho was recognized by tho soldleis
and captured. A drum-head court-martial
sentenced him to bo shot on tho third day
following. When his ludy love learned of
this sho promptly got u horse ind, learning
wuere uunnireii migut oo round, bet out
nt mldnlgnt in search of Him. She foun
Him ut daylight, nficr a thirty-mile ride-
and tolil blm or her lover B plight,
At noon Quantrell and his band thun
dered down tha hills Into Indcmmdcnco nnd
bofore tho dumbfounded soldiery knew what
was on nun seized l lie jail and set tno town
on fire. Then they liberated Hnlloy and
nrmlng nnd mounting hlni thoy rodo
tlirougn the streets and shot down every
soldier In sight. Befora anything like nn
orgnnlzed reslstanco could bo put up they
wore Kone. lonvlnc tho Jail a heun of nBhes
and the streets thick with dead.
But a llttlu whllo ufter that Hnlley bado
his companions adieu und went west to
seek his fortunes, for ho wanted to win
wealth for the woman who had saved his
life. For a whllo he did well frelihtlm-
and tradlne on tho nlalns. but bofore hiu
nrst trip was enueu worn enmo to mm that
ins nanceo wns uenu. 'i no letter was
month old when ho received It.
From thnt tlmo on for years ho drifted
Ihrnlli-h he west, nnw 11 pnwlinv Iti Tovu
n miner In California, a sheephorder In
I'inn or rreignier on me inr western trails,
rinniiy, anotii iweivo years ago, ne wan
dorcd back to St. Joseph and obtained cm
ploymcnt on the city pollco force. As nn
officer he wns reputed to bo ono of thu
bravest In tho state, but tho courago ho
displayed was not or tno unsning, reckless
sort mni characterized ins yoiun, bu
rather the coolest and most collected de
liberation, He prevented tho Hoy Branch
nnioup uy Killing iwo mugs, uioiuu each
of them had blm covered when ho com
menced to pull his gun. Ho remained with
thn forco until last summer, when nts
neuiiu gave wny
The Opportunity She Wonted.
Cleveland Plain Deulcr: "Papa, don't
you think I'm getting very stout.'"
Tho old muii looked nt tho blooming
cheeks and tho rounded llguro of his only
child.
"Why, yes," he playfully said; "I guesB
we'll havo to get a tacklo to help you up
and down stairs."
And Ho chuckled at His own humor.
"es, papa, dear," mild tho lovtvly girl
"that's JitBt what 1 wnnt. Coma In. fleorirn.'
And then as the large but sheepish young
unu looonvu neiiviiy irum nriiiuil tne parti
. i . n, 1 1 . .i . , , ...... ... '-
null nun liuuru; urtHKU mitt me gia
tucKier in uio -varsity oieven, uauuy.
Keep the bowels nctlve If you would pre
servo your health. A doso of Trlckly Ash
Bitters now and then docs this to per
lection,
EAR'S LUCKLESS VENTURES
Mere Numerous Than in 1809, but Not
Moro Than in Other Years,
0TAL NUMBER IS ESTIMATED AT 10,690
Were Made rrinrr t' the Very
Condition Thnt Created Sneli 1'he
nrineniil Iteeord I, nut Venr und
Arc ii Antiirnl .Seinienee,
NEW YOKK, Dec. 2S. U. 0. Dun & Co.'s
Weekly Review of Trade tomorrow will say:
hi o It Is not vet bosslble to tirlnt accu
rate figures of failures during the full venr
1900. a preliminary statement may be made
iiiai win approximate tne unni result, re
tailed returns for all but the last few davs
of the year have been compiled nnd. adding
i proportionate amount ror uie time still
o elapse, It appears that commercial fall
ires will number, about 10.CT). with liabili
ties of J137.0n0.000. . Of this number 2.310 were
In manufacturing for J49,7SO.OOO, 7.KW In trad
ing for lt,X,0(i and t30 brokers, trans
porters, etc., not properly belonging In
liner or the other classes, for K7.2.i0.O0O.
Besides these strletlv commercial ilefnullM.
thero were slxtv flnnnclal concerns with
liabilities of WI.OOO.OOO, swelling the total to
10. lu number and SlTO.WO.OuO In nmoimt.
This shows n Inrge Increase over the pro-
ceuing year, wnen nil failures numbered
.km. nnd an lilt es were J123.132.079. it must
not bo forgotten, however, that 1&99 was a
cur or exoemlonal nrostierltv. niul wlillo
trado was then stimulated by rising prices
tho succeeding year hud to bear tho bitter
fruit of reaction. Desplto theso disasters,
made unavoidable by the very conditions
that brought such phenomenal record for
1S99, It still will be found that lSCM com
pares favorably with other recent years.
Iluslticflx Will .Need .More .Money.
So genernl nrcuaratlon has been made by
eastern business Interests for n squeeze In
money near nto end or tno year Hint tno
xnecteii ndvanco did not occur nnd col ec-
tlons In tho Interior wero so eood that
banks made general complaint of (ho scarc
ity of mercantile paper offered for dis
count. This outcome was particularly en
couraging, though business will need moro
money after January 1. Meanwhllo u good
noerinno lias nee n coin u a IV in evidence.
founded upon tho nctlvo distribution of
merchandise south and west, sellers ns-
liming nn Indifferent attitude, except In
otton noods and some branches of silk.
where tho genera! improvement hns been
retlected to compitrntlvely stnnll degrees,
Both In cotton nnd silk circles better things
re exnecied in January nmi 111 no direction
has reduction of worklmr forces In mills
occurred. Sonio wngo differences have been
adjusted, lu this respect tho situation Is
unusually bright.
iworo tnlk of. a General reduction In coko
nd cheniier ore after navigation onens
might bo calculated to unsettle quotations
of the llnlshed products, but Iron nnd nteel
ontinue tno even tenor or tiielr way. In
very department of this Industry moro
business Is offered than oun bo accepted
unless purchasers aro willing to glvo much
tlmo for delivery. Ono largo foreign con
tract was lost on this account and at many
mints domestic operations nre delayed by
liability to secure materlnl. Instead of the
agitation for cheaper steel rails that was
so prevalent a snort lime ago, producers
arc mild to contcmnlnto nn advance. Do
mestic contracts lir tills lino exceeded 50,000
ions at i nicngn unu among loreign orders
Is noticed one for 17,000 tons for Australia,
with many smaller sales. Structural ma
terial Is wnn ted for butldlncs and brldues.
with noticeable nctlvlty In this department
iur vxiHin.
Ffictorlen nt I'nll Ciipnelty
It Is not n bad slcn thnt tho local lobbtinr
trade In footwear In quiet, nor that orders
received by manufacturers from salesmen
aro smnll, as most travelers returned homo
for the holidays. Ileuco new contracts nro
not large, but fuctorles uro runnlnc at full
capacity ami in many cases refuse to du
plicate orders at previous prices. Shops aro
assured of brisk employment well Into tho
new year and makers nxpoot to buy leather
at ncuer terms, .siuo irnm ncmiocK solo.
or which tnero ih ii scarcity, prices aro
barely maintained, und export buying has
neen proportionately lienor wmn domestic
Hides average lower.. maklnir tho tlfth sue
cesslvo week of docllrie 'at Chicago. Wool
lost the temporary Iricroaso In activity,
suios aggregating ijuiii.iH) pounds, a do
crensi) of 2,001,300, ciunpuird with , tha. lire
ceding week.
ii.... ... i. o. , .
oiutjvni. ui, uiu uiiihu oi mo
year nro excessive
although dealers
are
ncoiiragcu uy tno KiiowJeugo that manii,
fncturers' supplies nro light.
Contradictory estimates nre still heard
regarding tlio cotton crop, port receipts
show a. largo Increase over last year, but
ho effect Is neutralized by reports that it
much larger proportion of tho yield has
been marketed,
wi:i:ki,v cmsauims hounh taiimj.
AgKreKute of IlusiuesN i'rnnsnctc it by
the Associated IIiuiun,
NEW YORK, Dec. 28. Tho following
tnble, complied by Brndstrcot, shows tho
bank clearings nt nil principal cities for the
week ended December 28, with tho porcon
tago of Increase and decrease, as compared
with tho corresponding week last year
CITIES.
Clearings.
Inc.
Dec
New York
Boston
Chicago
Philadelphia.
St. Louis
Pittsburg ,
$1,178,383,111
10.2
110,300.!
122.S22.C27
93.G73.44fl
SH.4tu.435'
5.8
1.9
31.203.1661
11.5!
Baltimore
17.038,4771
17.361.0381
20. J
San FranclBco ...
Cincinnati
18.5
7.7
44.1
14,012,000
Kiinsas city
Now Orleans
Minneapolis
Detroit
Cleveland
15.7HI.2S0
13.431.3.18
29.8
9,ri93,20
2.5
7.793,531
10,202,395
7,531,853
U,2l"i,100
C.362.14S
12.9
Iyoulsvlllo ,
Provtdenco ,
G.l
2.9
2.1
Mllwaukeo
St. Paul
Buffalo
4,301,980
4.894,9!9
11,531,239
n,43.',03.r
C;522.9J0
4,273,598
3,321,839
1.800,183'
2,031.133
3.116.115
8.9
4.5
26.0
OMAHA
Indianapolis ,
Columbus, O ,
10.9
33.7
uiivnnnnu ,
Denver ,
5.0
Hartford ,
Htclimond
Memphis
Wnshlngton
1.8!
31.6
11.3
2.18.5.166
Peoria ,
-'.JJJ.lljl
1.948.211
41
Bochostor
11.4
New Haven
1,187,906
1,(IS3,C61
2,111,132
2,28I,35S
1.161,399
3.3
Worcester
Atlanta
27.5
15.5
Salt Irfiko City ...
Sprlimlleld. Mass
Fort worm
Portland, Mo
Portland, Ore
St. Joseph
l.os Angeles
2.WM.302
26.
1,022,9871
1.992,298
3,119,0001
2,230,878!
1,078.151'
1,131,770
1,275.462
S.8
22.9!
Norfolk
21
Syracuso
Des Moines
NashvHlo
8.71
10.0,
10.0
1,283,331
Wilmington, Del
772,297
Fan Jiivcr
Scranton
Grand Itutilds
Augusta, Oa
I.owoll
Dayton, O
Soattlo
Tacotna
Spoknno
Sioux City
New Bedford
Knoxvllle, Tenn
Topeko.
Birmingham
Wichita ..
Bliighamton
Lexington. Ky.
Jacksonville, Fla
Kalamazoo
Akron i..
Chattanooga
Hockford. Ill
Canton. O
Surlnglleld, O
Fargo, N. D
Sioux Falls. R, D...,
Hastings, Nob
Fremont, Neb
Davenport ,
Toledo
("la I vest on
Houston
Kvansvlllo
Macon
Little, Hock
Helena.
Youngstown
Sprlngflo'.d, III
Totals. 1T. 8
983.731
"i&'.i
1.4I3.99S
2.1.2
10, 51
156.7i
"is.o
1,119.170
1,990,673
478,916
1.1X8,633
13.
2.175.987
38.9
1,611,338
823,231
19.1
"islri
1. 068.477
361,518
518.783)
902,468'
1,085.7441
442,890
316,000'
609.176
9.2
66.3!
21,6
1.1
4.3
41.
231,19.
412,831
20.8
492.7001
353,613
3.1.1
329.741
:!54,010
248,988
33.3
304,012
149.321
1.3
15,5
149.3871
108,820
2S,
6)1.372
6
1.951,889!
7,024,OHO'
5.5!
7.744,571
817,236
SiO.OnO
739,606
656,436
32.1.880
4.S
15.1
4.2
.... 9.3
3,8
21.0
7u
1.5
437,901
$1,780,322,0861
TotalB, out, N. Y.
007,938,9.51
DOMINION OK CANADA.
Montreal ,,
Toronto
Winnipeg
Halifax ...
Hamilton
fit. John, N, II...
Vancouver .....
Victoria
Totals
12,C3l,7cB:
iU 40,W7
l.DSI.hOO
lfi.l
1,0
i,t:s.io)
7IU.9JS
rai,70o
7.4
6.S!
K15.G2I
53n,371
9.
.1$ 27,.'9:i,755
4.41
,o AKreeiuein 011 Siixnr.
NRW YOUIC, Dee. 2S.-The Journal of
Commerce prints the following; An In
formal meeting of tho directors of rhe
American Sugar Uctlnlng company lias jus;
been held here After the meeting It. O
IInvemeer said thcro bed bofti no agro-
ment with competing roinpHi'Us, and tint
nt the coming meeting ot directors there
would be no Increase In tho dividend on
he common stock.
iiii.vnsiitinn'M itr.n:v or iitvm:.
:crillnnnl Venr Closed vtltli
.n rut-
Holiday 'Crude,
NEW YORK, Dec. 2S. Bradstreet's
to-
morrow will say;
A fitting close to n year of exception ii
nd In some resnects uniirercdriited nctlv
lty Is furnished by tho very general repoit
of large holiday business In the last wak
The best report ns to this sort of trad.'
Otnes from the southwestern section, but
except lu some parts of tno spring wheat
and lumber belt of the northwest satisfac
tory advances are quite general.
Heavy clothing, too, has been measurably
helped for the same reason, but desnlte a
good biu'Jness In tho last two weeks, ill
fur trade has been apparently lagging
omewhat. In the wholesale trade bus-
Inesfi has been of seasonably small propor
tions, but renorts from leadlnu- lines, such
ns Iron nnd steel, shoes nnd lenther, lutnb'-r,
glass nnd spring dry goods nave been eu-
ouriiging, cnteiiy, or course, as irganis uw
lews entertained us to the outlcok. rather
than ns to new business nctlinllv nccolll-
bllshed. Stock tnkttnr Is now lu brcitrcss
and details as to accomplished results prob-
amy win uo rorincoiuiug soon niier ucj
close of the year.
speculation In cereals Has been light und
ncrenses In F-untillrs and large surplus
reports from the Argentine have still fur
ther depressed the Ininr Interest In wheat
Corn has sympathized with whent nnd coun
try oirerings anil reccipis nave neen
heavier, though complaints us to quality
aro still almost universal. The corn crop
the fourth Inrirest lu our History ana
nntrt Is next to tho largest ever known,
Worlds wheat supplies uio about on u bur
with those of n year ugo und American sup
plies are actually smaller. Prices as a rule
nro steady und changes nre Tow. i ne
conspicuous advances nro lu rellned petro
leum on export account unci some gam is
noted In tin on the week, although thu
close Is below tho highest,
Coffee s frnct onul v h cher. I.nrd Is
weaker, but by foe the largest list of
staples Is unchanged. Cotton bus been dull
on slightly larger receipts. Cotton goods
havo been quiet and clcnriincn sales by
Jobbers are the feature. Wool has been
met, but steady. I-alr orders ror women u
ress uoods for mring nro noted. Shoe
manufacturers are busy and some nre In
dlffctent to new orders nt present prices.
Boston shoo shipments aggregate l,si.t'i
cases, a decrease of 10 per cent from a
year ago. New business In Iron und cteel
wns wen sustained and quiio good lor me
period under review. The Impression pre
vails that an Immense amount of heavy
irldco material will be needed next year
From Birmingham comes Intimations that
lurce business In n ir Iron Is under con
sideration nnd may bo nnnounced nest year
oke prices promise to be lower, gotno cuu
of 30 and to per cent being already nn
nounced. F.xport trade Is quieter, u relic
tion of the continued decline- in prices
abroad. Estimates of pig Iron production
are that tho aggregate will be little below
ll,Ooo,(Kio tons and therefore slightly In ox
cess of 1R9D, Iron oro shipments by lake
routes will run neuiiy 19,000,000 tons, tli
largest ever recorded.
Whent. ncltid ne Hour, shipments fo tno
week HKirreuiito 4.011.100 bushels, ngalnftt
4,123,3m last week. 3.010.5." bushels lu too
corresbondlnp week of C.2922."i lu W;
(i.l4j,R47 In H97 nnd 2.707,790 In 1M. From
July 1 to date this season wheat evprirts
aro 94,151.4.w bushels, iigulnsU 103,991,193 last
season nnd 121,r,2S,70fl In 1S9S-!8m.
Corn exports for tho week aggregate
3 ? C.S. 10.-, biifhels, ngalnst 5.4G3.57S last week,
3 220,239 In Ibis week n year auro, 3,CS9,74r, in
1SP8, 4,0S(l,Mfi In 1M7 and 2,712.991 In 1SW. From
Ju v 1 to elate this season corn exports were
91,210.109 bushels, ugalnt 111,7,14.1 111! t
season and w.nwi.iti'J in ims-isw.
Business failures In tho t'nlted stales
for the week number 213. ns ncnlnst 201
last week. 229 last yenr. 21S In 189S nnd 237
In 1S07. Cnnadlnn failures number fifteen.
nguinst twenty-eight Inst week, twenty-two
tills weoic n yenr ugo, sixteen in isji unu
twenty-two In ISO".
iihaistiii:i:t'h financial iwviirw,
Week IIiin Been One of Hie Most Ite-
niirkulilc Since election Jloom.
NDW YOltlv. Dec. 28. Brmlstrcet's Fi
nancial Hevlcw tomorrow will say: i
Further Illustration has been (riven this
week regarding the lorcc ot tho bullish
Influences, which nt present govern tho
movement of values In Wall street. An
other good bank statement tandjd to ncu
utlvo fears that there might be n check
to tho liroLTess of the market cm ucciunt
of high rates for money, a cause which
hns checked so many promising movements
in recent years, jn laci. tnnucu mo tirei
orations for the largest January Interest
nnd dividend disbursements In the lilstorv
of the country havo been In full progress,
tho urninKements hnve been so skllfullv
conducted that, desplto the sustained nc
tlvlty of tlio dealing lu securities, tho ex
pansion or speculation unci the notable rise
In prices, supplies of call money have never
fulled, nnd Interest rates Havo not ndvanccd
to llgurcs which would glvo occasion for
timidity or lnduco liquidation. The street.
In fnct, not unnaturally concludes that In
terests WHICH aro concerned In the ilevel.
opmentH regnrdlng various properties In
uio siock maruei aro also using their In
Iluoncu to keep moiioy lu such a condition
mat no pressure or Ulsturlinnco can arlso
from that Source. If this Is the cilsc thev
havo been eminently successful, ns call
money Has not been emoted above" 0 nor
cent and stock market borrowers have had
uo dllllculty Hi obtaining ample nccommo-
iion.
1 Ho week in irnnv resnects has heen ono
of the most remarkable ono Mnee tho
"boom" which started Immediately nfter
tho election beiran Its course. On last
Saturday, nlthough the Stock oxchunge was
m oo rioseci on .Monuny as wen us on Tues
day (Christmas day), prlceH ndvanced
throughout tho list, and tho volume of
transactions surpassed ul! records for n
hnlf holiday, saleii of 1,000,000 shares being
olllclally recorded, and tho real total was,
of course, considerably larger. On Mon
day, however, the London market was
open and great activity nnd strength de
veloped In Americans there. The buying
of our stocks was supposed to iiinnnnto
largely from New York, but It wns supple
mented bv covering by tho foreign bears
nnd purchases by tho Kuiopcr.n public.
F.vcn on Christmas day there woh a further
exchange of bullish opinions in nil tho up
town resorts of brokers und their ciiHto
merH, and some transactions were reported
to havci been mado nt advanced quotations
In Sugar, St. Paul nnd other fnvorlto
stocks.
In splto of tho fnct thnt suport and ma
nipulation by insldo Interests und pools Is
appnrent in the movements of many stocks,
It Is also evident that tho public Is In the
market. Tho Inlying by commission houses,
in fact, has been on an enormous scnlc.
Moreover, tt Is tho general testimony that'
tho amount of stocks purchased for In
vestment nnd taken out of tho street Is
exceedingly large, this tendency being il
Ununited by the comparative scarcity of
many high-grade, divldcnd-paylng stocks
and the eaao with which they advance on
moderate buying,
In tho bond market also tho lack of of
ferings on gllt-edgo securities has trans
feree! tho demand to new or second grado
railroad mortgages, some of which show
siibntnntlal and rapid advances.
Tho buying of Income-yielding securities
of both bonds and stocks Is, in fact, ex
ceptionally largo, and doubtless represents
In a considerable degree nn anticipation of
tho reinvestment of January Income. At
tho sumo tlmo tho upcculutlvo participation
is spreading, nnd both the street and tho
public show n disposition to recognize that
tho present market Is unprecedented In Its
character and breadth, nnd have been Inn
ing their fears that tho upward movement
might bo suddenly chocked nnd u bcv-to
break In prices follow.
French HnyliiK Aiiierlt-nii (,'onl.
PIllLADKI.PHIA. Dec. 2S.-R If. Mc
Ilwaln, a member of tho American Chamber
of Commerce In Pnrls, Is now In this city
closing negotiations for tho sale of coal
to tho French government. Tho order, ho
says, may reach 200,000 tons. The m
mcdlato necessity, covorlng principally rail
road supplies, roejulro 70,'niO tons, Mr. Mc
Uwnlti says ho believes a substantial
coal trade between this country and Franco
will soon bo established. Ho nsserts that
tho coal supply of Franco is lO.OOO.ono tons
short of tho demand, Formerly this
dellclency wiih made up almost entirely Hy
.iiKuto" i hicui iiiuuHiriai csuiuusn
mcnts uro becoming alarmed, Mr, Me
iiwam sain, ai iii possnuiiiy or tins sup
ply being cut off, owing to tho scarcity of
UWIll III I.I II,.
"Tho government," ho continued, "Is do
pendent upon Kngllsh coal and It will
reudlly bo Heen thnt the French jiavy would
bo nt n serious disadvantage In lime of
wur. 1110 niuiuue 01 1110 I'Toncii govern
ment toward American coal Is distinctly
favorable."
Seven Soeietlc., Porlleliuile.
PHILADELPHIA. Dec, 28. The work of
louuy Hussion 01 me c ongress or Arcliue-
ologlcal nnd Phllllnglcnl Hoclotles of
America, consisted of separate meetings
of tho seven societies represented ut the
convention.
tho nrst, 01 1110 societies 10 meet w,ih
tho American oriental noclety. to which
delegates were present representing tho fol
lowing colleges: l.'ryn Mawr. Columbia.
Yale. Cornell. Houton. Harvard und Johns
HopKins. 1'rcsiueni unman or jonns Hon
kins university presliled, mid a number
or interesting pnners wero read uy mem.
bers of tho faculties of nil tho Institutions
Thoso who presided over thn other meet
ings were,; pror. J. w . wnilo or Harvard,
over the Archaeological Institute; Prof.
Pluttern of Adnlhert college, over the
Philological association; Prof Thomns
Price Qf Qolumbla, over the Modern
Lnneuneo association, nnd Prof F A
Manii of Lafayette, over the Spelling Re
form association.
I'nrni etv l.nlmr t nlon.
CHICAOO. Vet 2 The Itecrrd rxyt:
Chicago saw the birth of a new nattornl
labor organization hist nlgut whose heii'l-
qrarters wi'i tie in tins city, i no new nouy
Is tho tins and Hlectrlc Filters' National
Association of America. The object of the
organization Is to effect t.u amalgamation
of the lighting trades, so that internal dis
sensions over trade Jurisdiction may cease
nnd the better Interests of all be conserved.
The Cins litters' unions In Clnclnniitl, St.
Lou s. Boston und New York linve been in
cominunlcntlon with the Incnl union hero
nnd havo applied for charters of atllllntton.
The Idea of amalgamation Is In line with
ttie policy mid clown ity me American
Federation of Labor ns u means of settling
disputes which come before that body at
every convention, rel.itlvo to tho classifica
tion ot worK.
Three Children Burned.
ni.VMPIA. Wash.. Dec, 28, The Hire.'
children of Mr, Lnvery, u daughter nged 4
years, u son iigeu unci u o-montns-oii
Infant, have been burned to death near .
here. The parents wero temporarily ib
sent, leaving u hired man nt work cuttlu.t
wood nbout 200 yards from inn House. A I
few minuter after the narents left be dis
covered thu house on lire. Beforo ho could I
reach the scene an explosion occurred, I
supposed to be of dynamite stored In tho
upper part of the building. The building
wns entirely consumed invl tho bodies of 1
tho two eldest children were found whero I
the bedroom had been. The Infant wns in I
the cradle In tho front room. A few
charred boncH wero nit that was left.
Kd ii en tors of the Smith,
niCILMOND. Vii.. Dec. 28.-The second
day's session of tho tenth annual con
ference of the Southern lMticittlnnul ns.
soclatlon was opened this morning with u
strong tuldress by Hon. William T Harris
of Washington, national commissioner of
education, on the relation of universities
nnd colleges to public schools.
Prof. K. C. Branson of the Oeorgln State
Normal college discussed tho features of
the address.
President J. C. Woodward of South
Carolina college also spoilt) at length. Six
of the speakers announced for this session
wero not present.
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on tho Megoath Stationery Company, laos
Farnam street, and examine a copy. You will
agree with ua in admiring the work.
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ILLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLiLlLLLLlLLLLLLLLLiLLKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLl Z &
ABSOLUTE
SECURITY.
Genuine
Carter's
Little Liver Pills.
Must Benr Signature of
See FaoSlmlle Wrarper Below.
Tery mull anil easr
to take as mfar.
FOR HEADACHE.
FOR DIZZINESS.
FOR IILIOUSHESS.
FOR TORPID LIVER.
FOR CONSTIPATION.
FOR SALLOW SKIfi.
FOR THE COMPLEXION
ij'&'rt, 1 Purely TetaiCyW(
CURE SICK HEADACHE.
Columbia hi Calendar
Sixteenth
Edition.
1901
Sixteenth
tuition
A convenient memorandum pad with
sepnrate pago for each day of tho
year. Kncloscd by handsomo steel
frame. May be hung up or placed nt
any desired anglo on tho desk. Tho
1901 edition has colored rover of new
design and Improved binding. Now
ready.
Sent to nny lutdress on receipt of
5 S-crnt htnniis.
Atnerleun Bicycle Co.
COLUMBIA SAI.12.S IHOP'T.,
Hartford, Conn.
for CIIICIIRSTKICS KNOLIHII
1 Id UV.U in-! (iolil ntfinila boti !
JwttutlaariUxm. Tiikr no utlirr. Elvftiio
Ifinicvrmift futtlttitton nnd lrullna
Hon. H117 nf your I'rufgtu, or wdJ -Je. la
utnM tot 1'iirtlriitar, Tc limotiUU
c t Itrllf T fW l.utllr." in tnitr, lv re.
turn Mull, t (I.IHHt TtatlmnnltU. NiiM h
fell Dm rlt ,l.l..i.. (t..tl...l 1-
KenlloD lhl rrr, lUdUat. Huu.rt. IMtlltA., A.
DR. K JSW ' S3
IlENO VATOR in, lgorutcs und renovates tho
system; purities nnd enriches tho blood; cures
thu worst dyspepsia, cotiMlpullon, heiiduclie,
liver and kidneys. IVioiidJl, atdrugglMs. Pico
R advice, (.nniplo anil book. aan.
llr". IJ. J. Kay, Snratoga, N.V. Pf3
ENOVftfoR
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CARTER'S
fiWR
P POLS.
Bk CHICHESTCU'8 ENGLISH
Pennyroyal pblls
B.-Stv ....."clnnl and Only Urnular.