4
TITE OEAHA DAILY BEEt TUESDAY, DECErBETl 4, 1900.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
(Continued from First Page.)
tho Yung Tao and with tho collusion of
many notable ofllclals, Including Borae tn
tho Immediate councils nf the tbrono Itself,
became alarmingly aggressive. No for
eigner's life outsldo of tho protected treaty
ports was safe No foreign Interest was
ecuro from spoliation. Tho diplomatic
representatives of tho powers In Pckln
trove In vain to check this movement. Pro
test was followed by demand and demand
by rcnowed protest, to bo mot with per
functory edicts from tho palaco and evasive
and futllo assurance from tho tsungll-ya-men.
Tho clrclo of tho Uoxcr Influence nar
rowed about Pekln nnd while nominally
stigmatised as seditious, It was felt that Its
spirit pervnded tho capital Itself, that the
Imperial forces wcro Imbued with Its doe
trlncs and that Imracdlato counselors of tho
empress dowager wcro In full Bympathy
with tho antl-forcign movement.
Tho Increasing gravity of tho conditions
In China nnd the lmmlncco of peril to our
own diversified Interests In tho empire, as
welt as to thoso of all tho other treaty
governments, wcro soon appreciated by tlih
government, causing It profound solicitude.
Tho United States from tho earliest days of
foreign Intercourse with China had followed
a policy of peoco, omitting no occasions
to testify goodwill, to further tho exten
sion of lawful trnde, to respect tho sover
eignty of Its government nnd to tnsuro by
all legitimate nnd kindly, but enrncst
means, tho fullest monsuro or protection for
tho lives and proporty of our lnw-nbldlng
citizens and for the exercise of their bene
ficent callings among tllo nhlncso people.
.Vote nf JNIH).
Mindful of this, It was felt to bo appro
prlato that our purposo should bo pro
nounced In favor of such n courso as woultt
hasten united action of tho powers at Pe
kln to promoto tho ndminlstratlvo reforms
o greatly needed for strengthening tho
Imporlal government and maintaining tho'
Integrity of China, In which wo believed the
wholo western world to ho allko con
cerned. To thoao onds I caused to bo ad
dressed to tho several powers occupying
territory and maintaining spheres of In
fluence In China tho circular proposals of
1899 Inviting from them declarations of their
Intentions and views as to tho desirability
of tho adoption of measures Insuring tho
bcnoflts of equality of treatment of all for
eign trado throughout China.
With gratifying unanimity tho responses
coincided in this common policy, enabling
mo to boo In tho successful termination of
theso negotiations proof of tho friendly
spirit which animates tho various powers
Interested In tho untrammcled development
of commorco nnd Industry In tho Chlncso
cmplro as a sourco of vast benefit to tho
whoto commercial world.
In this conclusion, which I had tho grat
ification to announco as n completed en
gagement to tho Interested powers, on
March 20, 1900, I hopcfuHy discerned a po
tential factor for the abatement of tho dis
trust of foreign purposes, which for a year
past had appeared to Inspire tho policy of
tho Imperial government and for tho effect
ive cxortlon by It of power nnd authority
to quell tho critical antl-foroign movement
In tho northern provinces most Immediately
Influenced by tho Mnnchu sentiment.
Confidence Won Mlspluccil.
Socking to testify conftdenco In tho wil
lingness and ability of tho imperial admin
istration to redress tho wrongs and provent
tho ovlls wo suffered nnd feared !tho marlno
guard, which had been sent to 1'ek.ln tn tho
autumn of 1899 for tho protection of the le
gation, was withdrawn at tho earliest prao
tlcablo momont nnd all tho pending ques
tions were remitted, as far as wo are con
cerned, to tho ordinary resorts of diplomatic
intercourse.
Tho Chlncso government proved, howovor,
unablo to check tho' rising strength of tho
noxcrs and appeared to bo a pry to Inter
nal dissensions, In'tho unequal contest tho
nntl-forelgn Influences soon gained tho as-
condoncy under tho lcudcrshlp of Princo
Tuan. Organized armies of Doxcra, with
which the Imperial forces ufTlllulod, held
the country between Pckln and. tho coast,
pencrated into Manchuria up to tho Itus
Man border, and through their emissaries
threatened a llko rising throughout northern
China.
Attacks upon foreigners, destruction of
property and slaughter of natlvo converts
wero reported from all aide. The tsunill-
yamen, already permeated with hostile sym
pathies, could make no effective response
to the appeals of the legations. At this
critical Juncturo, in tho early spring of
this year, a proposal was made by the
other powers that a combined fleet should
bo assembled In Chinese waters an a moral
demonstration, under coyer of which to
exact of tho Chlncso government respect for
foreign treaty lights and tho suppression of
tho noxcrs.
Tho United States, whllo not partlclpat
Ing in the Joint demonstration, promptly
sent from tho Philippines all ships that
could bo spared for servlco on tho Chinese
coast. A small forco of marines was landed
at Taku and sent to Pekln for tho-protcc
tlon of tho American legation. Other pow
ers took similar action until somo 400 men
wcro assembled In the capital as legation
guards. y
Aotnal Warfare Commenced,
Still tho porll increased. Tho legations
reported tho development of tho seditious
movement in Pokln and tho need of In
creased provision for dofenso against It.
Whllo prpparatlons woro in progress for a
larger expedition to strengthen tho lega
tion guards and keep tho railways open an
attempt of tho foreign ships to mnko
landing at Taku was met by n flro from tho
Chlncso forts. The forts wcro thereupon
ehellod by tho foreign vessels, tho Amorl
can admiral taking no part in tho attack
on tho ground that we wero not at war with
China and that n hostllo demonstration
might consolidate tho antl-foretgn elements
nnd strengthen the Boxers to oppose tho
relieving column. Two days later tho 'TnUu
forts were capturod pfter a sanguinary con
fllct. Bevorance of communication with
Poktn followed nnd a combined forco of ad
ditional guards, which wero advancing to
Poktn by tho Pol Ho, was checked at Lang
Fang. Tho Isolation of tho legations was
complete.
Tho siege and tho relief of tho legatlonn
has passed into undytng history. In all
tho stirring chaptors which records the
heroism of tho devotod band, clinging to
hope in the faco of dospalr. and tho un
daunted spirit that led their rollovers
through battle and Buffering to tho goal, It
is a memory of which my countrymen may
bo Justly proud that the honor of our flag
was maintained alike in the slego and tho
rescue, and. that stout Amorlcan hearts
have again sot .high in forvent emulation
with true men of other raco and language
tho lndomltablo .courago that over strives
for tho oauso of right and Justice
Mnrfter 'of 11m ron Von Kettelcr,
On Juno 19 tho legations wore cut off.
An Identical noto from tho yamen ordered
each mlnlstor to lenvo Pokln, under a prom
tsed escort, wlthln twenty-four hours. To
gain time, they replied, asklug prolonga
tlon of tho time, which was nftorwurd
granted, and requesting nn interview with
the tsungli-yamen on tho following dny,
No reply being received, on tho morning
of tho 20th the German mlnlstor, Uaron
von Kettoler, set out for tho yamen t
obtain a responso, and on tho way was
murdered.
An attempt by tho legation guard to ro
cover his body was foiled by tho Chinese
Armod forces turned out against the lega
tlons. Tholr quarters woro surrounded and
attacked. Tho mission compounds wore
abandoned, their Inmate taking refuge iu
tho British legation, whero all tho other
legations and guards gathered for tnoro
effcctlvo defense. Four hundred persons
wcro crowded in Its narrow compass, Two
thousand natlvo converts were nsacmblcd
In n nearby palaco under protection of tho
foreigners. Lines of defense wero strength
ened, trenches dug, barricades raised and
preparations raado to stand a siege, which
at onco began. "From June 20 until July
17," writes Minister Conger, "there was
scarcely nn hour during which there was
not firing upon somo part of our lines and
into somo of tho legations, varying from
a slnglu shot to n general nnd continuous
attack along tho wholo line." Artillery
was placed around the legations nnd on
tho overlooking palaco walls, and thou
sands of 3-Inch shot and shell were fired,
destroying some buildings nnd damaging
all. So thickly did tho balls rain that,
when tho ammunition of tho besieged ran
low, flvo quarts of Chlncso bullets wcro
gathered In an hour In ono compound and
recast.
l.i'Ktit Inn II ii I Id I ii km IlnriHMl.
Attempts wcro inndo to burn tho lega
tions by setting neighboring houses on fire,
but the flames woro successfully fought
off, although tho Austrian, Belgian, Italian
and Dutch legations wcro then nnd sub
sequently burned. Wllh tho aid of the
nutlvo converts, directed by tho mission
aries, to whoso helpful co-operation Mr.
Conger awards unstinted prnlse, tho British
legation was mado n veritable fortress.
Tho British minister, Sir Claudo MnjDon
nld, was chosen general commander of tho
dofense, with tho secretary of tho Amorl
can legation, Mr. 12. O. Squlcrs, as chief
of staff.
To savo llfo and ammunition tho besieged
sparingly returned tho Incessant flro of tho
Chinese soldiery, fighting only to repel nt
tack or mako an occasional successful sortie
for strategic advantage, such as that of
flfty-flvo Americans, British nnd Husslan
marines, led by Captain Myers of tho United
States Marino corps, which resulted In tho
capture of n formidable barrlcado on the
wull that gravely menaced tho American
position. It was held to tho last nnd proved
nn lnvnlunblo acquisition, because com
manding tho wnter gate through which tho
rollof column entered.
During tho slego the defenders lost slxty-
flvo killed,, 135 wounded and seven by dis
ease tho last all children.
On July 14 tho besieged had their first
communication with tho tsunsll-yamon.
from whom a message camo Inviting to n
conference, which was declined. Corre
spondence, howovor, ensued and a sort of
rmlstlca was agreed upon, which stonncd
tho bombardment nnd lessened tho rifle flro
for a tlrao. Even then no protection what
ever was afforded, nor any aid given, savo
to send to the legations a smalt supply of
rruu nnu tiirec sacks of flour.
Chinese Government Impeached.
Indeed, tho only communication had with
tho Chlncso government related to the oc
casional dollvory or dispatch of n telegram
or to tho demands of tho tsungli-yamen for
tho withdrawal of tho legation to tho coast
undor escort. Not only nro tho protesta
tions of tho Chinese government that it pro
tected nnd succored tho legations posi
tively eontradlctod, but irrcslstiblo proof
nccumulates that tho attacks upon them
wore made by Imperial troops, regularly
uniformed, armed nnd officered, bolonglng
to tho command of Jung Lu, tho imperial
commnndcr-ln-chlef. Dccroes encouraging
tho Boxers, organizing thorn under prom
inent imperial officers, provisioning thorn
and oven granting them largo sums in tho
nnmo of tho empress downgor nro known to
exist. Mombors of the taungll-yamcn who
counsolcd protection of tho foreigners wero
behended. Even In the distant provincos
men suspected of foreign sympathy wcro put
to death, prominent among thoso bolng
Chang Yen Hoon, formerly Chlncso minister
In Washington.
IVu Tins' Fanu'a Part.
With tho negotiation of tho partial armls
tico of July 14, a proceeding which was
doubtless promoted by tho representations
of tho Chlncso envoy In Washington, tho
Lvay was opened for tho conveyauco to Mr,
Congor of a test mcssago sent by tho secre
tary of stato through the kind offices of
Minister Wu Ting Fang. Mr. Congor'B reply,
dlspatchod from Pekin on July 18 through
tho samo channel, afforded to tho outsldo
world tho first tldlags that tho inmates of
the legations wero still allvo and hoping
for succor.
Tnis news stimulated too powers for a
Joint relief expedition in numbers sufficient
to overcome the resistance which for a
month had been organising between Taku
and tho capital. Reinforcements sent by
all the co-operating governments wero con
stantly arriving. The United States con
tingent, hastily assembled from tho Philip
pines or dispatched from this country,
amounted to somo 5,000 men, under the ablo
command first of tho lamented Colonol Lis
cum and afterward of General Chaffee.
Taking of Tien Tain' nnd l'ekln.
Toward tho end of July tho movement be
gan. A severe conflict followed at Tlon
Tsln, In which Colonol Ltscum was killed.
Tho city was stormed nnd partly destroyed.
Its capture afforded tho baso of operations
from which to mako tho final advance,
which began In tho first days of August, tho
expedition bolng mcdo up of Japanese,
Husslan, British and Amorlcan troops at tho
outsot.
Another battle- was fought nnd won at
Yang Tsun. Thereafter tho disheartened
Chlncso tVoops offered llttlo show of roslst
unco. A few days lator the Important post
tlon of Ho HI Woo was taken. A rapid
march brought the united forces to the pop
uloua city of Tung Chow, which capitulated
without a contest.
On August 14 tho capital was reached,
Aftor a brief conflict beneath tho walls tho
rollof column cntcrod and tho legations
woro saved. Tho United States soldiers,
sailors and mnrlnos, officers and men allko,
In thoso distant clinics nnd unusual bus-
roundlngo, showed tho samo valor, discip
line and good conduct and gave proof o
tho samo high degrco of Intelllgonca and ef
ficiency which hnvo distinguished them tn
overy omcrgoncy.
Tho imporlal family nnd tho government
had (led a few days before. Tho city was
without vlalblo control. Tho remaining Im
perlal soldiery had mado on tho night of
tho 13th a Inst attempt to exterminate tho
besieged, which was gallantly ropolled. It
fell to tho occupying forces to restore order
and organlzo a provisional administration
Southern unrt Enatcrn Vliieroy.
Happily, tho aeuto disturbances were con-
fined to tho northern provinces. It Is
relief to recall and a pleasuro to record
tho loyal conduct of tho viceroys and lo
cal authorities of tho southern nnd eastern
provinces. Their efforts wore continuously
directed to the pacific control of tho vast
populations undor their rulo and to tho
scrupulous o'bservanco of foreign treaty
rights. At critical moments they did not
hesitate to momorlnllzo tho throne, urging
tho protection of tho legations, tho rostora
tlon of communication and thd assertion of
tho Imperial authority ngatnst the sub
verslvo elements. They maintained excel
lent relations with tho official roprosonta
tires of forolgn powers. To their kindly
disposition Is largely duo tho success of
tho consuls In romovlng many of tho mis
nionanos irom mo inionor to places o
safety. In this relation tho action of tho
consuls should bo highly commended, m
Shan Tung nnd enstoru Chi M the task was
difficult, but, thanks to their energy and
tho co-operation of American and foreign
naval commanders, hundreds of forolancrs,
Including those of other nationalities than
ours, wero rescued from imminent peril.
Volley of tlit I'nltoil SliUr.
Tho policy of tho United States through
all this trying period was clearly announced
and scrupulously carried out. A circular
noto to tho powers dated July 3, pro
claimed our attitude. Treating the condl-
tlon
n in the north as ono of virtual aaarchy,
which the great provincos of the south
in
and
southeast hod no share, we regarucu
lni-nl nlltt.nrltlAa In I Im Inlfnr miortftrn
th
as
rAfirnnnntlni. (hA f'Mnnan npnttln wltll
. v-. ........ n j wu..(wuw , r -
ntn ivn ttntmlit I., ,nni. It. In nnnn ntlrl
wh
friendship. Our declared aims Involved no
war against tno cmneso nation, wo au
hered to tho legitimate office of rescuing
tho
imperiled legation, obtaining redress
wronpd nlrnmlv Riiffprnl. nrciirlni;
for
whe
rover possible tho safety of Amcrl-
llfn nnil rrntiArlv In Ptilnn nml nrn-
can
venting n spread of tho disorders on their
recurrence.
As was then said, "tho policy of tho gov-
ern
ont of tho United Stntcs Is to seek
a
olutlon which may brine about pcrman
cnt
nflv nml nnnnn In. Phltin. nrrirvn
Chlncso territory nnd ndminlstratlvo en-
tltv. ttrntn.! nil fl(hta nllnrnnlnnil In
friendly powers by treaty and International
iaw nnu saicguard lor tno world ino prin
ciple of equal nnd Impartial trado with all
parts of tho Chlncso empire."
Trend of I'roient 10 (Tort.
Faithful to thoso tirofesslons which, na It
proved, reflected tho views and purposes
of tho other co-oncratlnir governments, nil
our efforts hnvo been directed toward end
ing tho anomalous situation In flilim liv
negotiations for n settlement at tho earli
est po4;iuio moment. As soon as tho sa
red duty of rcllovlng our legation nnd Un
IcDCIldents wns nrmmnllnln-rl ivn wlllulrnw
from active hostilities. leaving our lega-
tl
in under nn adequato guard lu Pckln ns
channel of negotiations nnd settlement
courso adopted by othors of tho lntor
ted nowtVs. Overtures of tlin rmnnw.
a
u
cstr
ired renrcsentntlvpH nf thn phi nrnn nm.
pcror havo not bcon considerably enter
tnlncd. Tho Husslan propositions looking
to the restoration of tho luinorlnl unwnr In
Pcktll has been ncrnntril nn In full nnnin.
nanco with our own desires, for wo have held
and hold that effcctlvo reparation for wrongs
altered and an enduring settlement that
111 mako their rnnnrrpnnn lmnnunltiln nn w
best bo brought about undor an authority
which tho Chinese nation rnvnrmirra nml
obeys. Whllo so doing, wo forego no Jot of
our unuounica ngnt to exact exemplary
and deterrent punishment of tho respon-
iuio nutnors and abettors of the criminal
ictfl whereby wo and other nntl nnn havn
suffered grievous injuries.
For the real culprits, the evil counselors
who havo misled the Imnnrlnt liMn-mnnt a-M
dlvortcd tho sovereign authority to their
own guuiy onus, run expiation becomes lm-
pcruuvo wunin tne rational llmtta of
ctrimitivo justice Ilcgardlng this as the
ultlal condition of nn nccnntahln nntiln-
mcnt between China and tho powers I said
in my mcssago of October 18 to the Chlncso
omporor:
I truBt that negotiations may begin so
soon as wo and tho otlior offended govern-
iiiciun siiiui do cnccuvoiy suti.iiiua or your
" "....fcj nnu jwrtt'( m ui'iit Willi
Just stornnesa the principal offenders, who
whoso rule tho purposo of China to dwell
1,1 nnn nnnt . I V. . t. .nu . .1 .111.
... v'.v-v v. ...in itiu wuiiu nnu JUMlriv
found expression in tho wolcomo and pro-
Nc-Kotlutlnnn Now Under Way.
Takinc as a tiolnt nf dnnnrtitrn lh m.
perlal edict appointing Earl Li Hung Chang
ana rnnco Lining plenipotentiaries to ar
range a settlement, and tho edict of Sep
tember 25. whereby certain filch nfllrlila
wero designated for punishment, this gov
ernment nas moved, in concert with tho
other powers, toward tho opening of nego
tiations, which Mr. Conger, assisted by Mr.
ItockhiU, has been authorized to conduct on
behalf of tho United States.
General basest nf npi-ntllltlnn fnrmnlalan
by tho government of tho Fronch republic
navo. oeen accepted with certain reserva-
uouo us 10 ueiaiis, maao necessary by our
own circumstances, but. lllcn nlmilur
vatlons by other powers, open to discussion
in mo progress or tho negotiations. Tho
disposition of tho emperor's government to
admit liability for wrongs done to forolgn
governments and their national representa
tives ana 10 act upon such additional
designation of tho guilty persona as the
forolgn ministers at Pokln may bo in a
position to mako, gives hopo of a comploto
settlomont of all questions involved, as
suring foreign rlahts of rwiMnn
tercourso on terms of equality for all tho
woria.
I regard as one of the Msnntui turinrm
of a durable ndlustmont thn MnfMirnmnt nf
adoquate guaranties for liberty of faith.
since insecurity or tnooe natives who may
emorace alien crteaa is a scarcely leit f.
feotual assault ucon the rls-hta f feral
worship and teaching than would be the
airoct invasion tnereor.
Serlona Problem of Indemnity.
Tho mattor of Indemnity for mir vrnnvarl
ctttzons la a Question of
Measured in monoy alone, a aufflclont
reparation may provo to be bovond thn ahli.
lty of China to meet. All the powers concur
in empnatio disclaimers of any nuransn nf
aggrandizement through tho dismember
mont of the cmplro. I nm dlfinrsid n
think that duo compensation may bo mado
in pan Dy increased guaranties of security
for foreign rights and
most important of all. by tho nnaniTc nr
imna to mo equal commerce of all tho
world. Theso viowa have boon nnd will
00 earnestly advocated by our representa
tlves.
Tho govornment of Russia has nut for
ward n suggestion that, In tho event of
protracted dlvereence of vlnwn 111 rnfroM
to Indemnities, tho mattor may bo relegated
to tne court or arbitration at Tho Hague.
I favorably Incllno to this, belloving that
high tribunal could not fall to reach n nnlti.
tlon no less conducive to the stability and
oniorgcu prosperity or China itself than
immediately Dcnencial to tho powers,
OX GBXUllAI. FOUKIGN ItHI,ATIO,3.
information Uonreriilnir DtnJlmr.
.muuim 01 me world.
notifications of n treaty 'of cxtradltlnn
with tho Argentlno Republic wero exchangod
on juno i nisi.
Whllo tho Austro-Hungarlan Government
has In tho many casos that havo bcon ro-
poriod or tno arrest of our naturalized cit
izens for tho alleged evasion of military
servlco faithfully observed tho provisions of
mo treaty nnd roicased such porsons from
military obligations, It has In somo in
stances expelled those whoso prosenco in
tho community of their origin was asserted
to havo a pernicious Influence. ItcD-
rceontntlons havo been mado against this
courso whonover its adoption has appeared
unduly onerous.
wo navo been urgently solicited by
Belgium to ratify the International conven
tion of June, 1899, amendatory of tho
provlous convention of 1890 in rcBpcct to the
regulation or tho liquor trado in Africa,
Compliance was necessarily withheld, In the
absenco of tho advlco and consent of tho
sonata thereto, Tho principle Involved has
tho cordial sympathy of this government
which In tho rcvlslonary negotiations ad
vocated moro drastic measures, and I would
gladly seo Its extension, by international
pgrecment, to tho restriction of the liquor
traffic with nil uncivilized peoples, especially
In tho western Pacific.
l'rotet'don for Inventor.
A conferonco will bo held at Brussels Do
cembor 11, 1900, under tho couvontlon for
tho protection of Industrial property, con
eluded at Paris March 20, 1883, to which
delegates from this country havo been ap
pointed. Any lessening of tho difficulties
that our Invontors encounter In obtaining
patents abroad for tholr Inventions and tho
our farmers, manufacturers and morchants
may have in the protection of their trade
marks is worthy of careful consideration
and your attention will bo called to tho ro
suits of tho conferenco nt the proper time
In tho Interest of expanding trado botween
this country and South America efforts havo
been mado during the last year to con
clude conventions with the southern re
publics far the enlargement of postal
facilities. Two such agreements wcro signed
with Bolivia on April 24, of which that
establishing tho money order system Is
undergoing certain changes suggested by
tho Postofflco department. A trenty of ex
tradition with that country, signed on the
samo day, Is beforo tho senate.
A boundary dlsputo between Brazil and
Bolivia over tho territory of Aero Is In n
fair way of friendly adjustment, n protocol
Igncd In December, 1S99, having agreed
on n definite frontier nnd provided for Its
demarcation by n Joint commission.
Trmlr wllIi Ilrnrll.
Conditions In llrnzll havo weighed
heavily on our export trado to that
country in marked contrast to tho favorable
conditions upon which Brazilian products
aro admitted Into our markots. Urgent rep
resentations havo been mado to that govorn
ment on tho subject and somo amelioration
has been effected. Wo rely upon the
roclprocnl Justice nnd good will of that gov
ernment to assure to us n further Improve
ment In our commercial relations.
Tho convention flgned May 24, 1S97, for
tho final settlement of claims left lu
nbeyanco upon tho dissolution of tho com
mission of 1S93 was at length ratified by
tho Chilian congress and tho supplemental
commission has bocu" organized. It remains
for congress to npproprlato for tho neces
sary expenses of tho commission.
Tho Insurrectionary movement which dis
turbed Colombia in tho latter part of 1S99
has been practically suppressed, although
guerrillas still opcrato In somo departments.
Tho cxccutlvo power of that republic
changed hands in August last by tho act of
Vlco President Marroquln In assuming tho
rolns of government during tho nbsenco of
President San Clcmcnte from tho capital.
Tho chango met with no serious opposition,
nnd, following tho precedents in such cases,
tho United Stntcs minister entered Into
relations with tho new do facto government
on September 17.
It la gratifying to announco that tho
residual questions between Costa Hlca nnd
Nicaragua growing out of the award or
President Cleveland in 1S88 havo been ad
justed through tho cholco of nn American
engineer, Qoneral E. P. Alexander, as
uraplro to run the disputed line. His task
has been finished to the satisfaction of both
contestants.
A revolution in tho Dominican republlo
toward tho close of last year resulted in the
Installation of President Jlmlnez, whoso
mvnrnmmit was formally rccoxnlzod in
January. Slnco then final payment has
been made of tho Amorlcan claim in regard
to the Ozama bridge.
AM Ell I CA. AT TUB PAIIIS PAIIU
United Stntea Showa Its Friendly Atti
tude Toward Frnuce,
The year of the exposition has been fruit
ful in occasions for displaying tho good
will that exists between this country and
France'. This great competition brought
together from every nation tho best in
natural prcductlons, Industry, sclenco and
tho arts, submitted in generous rivalry to a
Judgment made all tho more searching bo-
cause of that rivalry. Tho extraordinary
lncreaso of cxportatlons from 'this country
during the past three years and tho activity
with which our inventions and wares had
Invaded new markets caused much interest
to ocnter upon the American exhibit nnd
overy encouragement was offered in the
way of spaco and facilities to permit of its
bolng comprohonslvo as n whole and com
plete In ovory part.
It was. however, not nn easy task to
assemble exhibits that could fully IIIub
trato our diversified resources and manu
factures. Singularly enough, our national
prosperity lessened. tho Incentive to exhibit.
The dealer Id mW materials knew that the
user must como to him; tho great factories
were contented with tho phenomenal de
mand for tholr output, not nlono at home,
but also abroad, whero merit had already
won a profltnblo trade. Appeals had to be
mado to tho patriotism of exhibitors to
induce them to make outlays promising no
lmmcdtato return. This was especially
the caso whoro it became needful to com
plete an industrial sequence or lllustrato a
class of process. One manufacturer after
another had to bo visited and Importuned,
and at times, after a promlso to exhibit In
a particular section had been obtained, it
would be withdrawn, owing to pressure of
trado orders, and a new quest would have
to be mado.
Installation Wan Unsatisfactory.
The installation of exhibits, too, en
countered many obstacles and Involved un
expected cost. The exposition was far
from ready nt tho dato fixed for its open
ing. Tho French transportation lines were
congested with offered freight. Belated
goods had to bo hastily installed in un
finished quarters with whatever labor could
bo obtained in tho prevailing confusion.
Nor was tho task of the commission light
ened by the fact that, owing to the scheme
of classification adopted, it was impossible
to have tho entire exhibit of any one coun
try In the samo building or moro than ono
group of exhibits in the samo part of any
building. Our installations wcro scattered
on both sides of tho Selno and In widely
roraoto .suburbs of Paris, eo that additional
assistants wjro nocdod for tho work of
supervision and arrangement.
Desplto all theso drawbacks thn contribu
tion of the United States was not only the
largest forolgn display, but was among ho
earliest in placo nnd tho most ordorly In
arrangement. Our exhibits wcro shown In
101 out of 121 classes and moro completely
covorcd tho entire classification than those
of any other nation. In total numbor they
ranked next after thoso of Franco and tho
attractlvo form in which they were pre
scnted secured general attention.
Awnriln to Amrrlcnna,
A criterion of tho extont and success of
our participation nnd of tho thoroughness
with which our exhibits were organized Is
soon In tho awards granted to Amcrlcnn
exhibitors by tho International Jury,
namely: Grand prizes, 240; gold medals,
697; silver medals, 770; bronzo medals, 641;
honorablo mentions, 3222,476 In all being
tho grontcst total numbor given to tho
exhibit of any exhibiting nation, as well as
tho largest number In each grade. This
significant recognition nf merit In compotl
tlon with tho chosen exhibits of all othor
nations and at tho hand of Juries almost
wholly mado up of representatives of Franco
and other competing countries Is not only
most gratifying, but Is especially valuablo
Blnco it sots us to tho front In interna
tlonal questions of supply and demand,
while tho largo proportion of awards In tho
classes of art and artistic manufactures
afforded unexpected proof of tho stlmula
tlon of national culturo by tho prosperity
that flows from natural productiveness
Joined to Industrial cxcollenco.
Apart from tho exposition several occa
alons for showing International good will
occurred. The Inauguration in Paris of tho
I.afnyotto monument, presented by the
school chuldrcn of tho United States, and
tho designing of n commemorative coin by
our mint nnd tho presentation of tho first
plcco struck to tho president of tho ro
public, woro marked by appropriate cere
monies, and tho Fourth of July was cs
peclally observed lu tho French capital.
ON' GOOD TIlltMS WITH guioiany,
Somo Ilulii'a niNputm Adjuatcd, bnt
tho Mou (ui'tloii In Open,
Good will prevails In our relations with
tho German empire. An amicable adjust
ment of tho long pending question of tho
admission of our life lnsuranco companies
to do business In Prussia has been reached
Ono of the principal companies has already
been ro-admltted and tho way is opened
for tho others to share the privilege.
Tho settlement of the Bamoan problem,
to which I adverted la my last message,
has accomplished good results. Pence aad
contentment prevail ia the island, espc-
laity in Tutlla, where a convenleat admin
istration that has won the confidence and
esteem of the kindly disposed natives has
bcon organized under the direction of tho
commander of the United States naval sta
tion at Pngo-Pago,
An Imperial meat Inspection law has
been enacted for Germany. Whllo it may
simplify the Inspections, it prohibits cer
tain products heretofore admitted. There
Is still great uncertainty as to whether
our well nigh extinguished German trado
In meat products can rcvlvo under its new
burdens. Much will depend upon regula
tions not yet promulgated, which wo con
fidently hopo will bo frco from tho dls-
rlminatlons which nttended tho enforce
ment of tho old statutes.
Tho remaining link In tho new lines of
direct telegraphic communication between
tho United States nnd tho German omptro
has recently been complotcd, affording n
gratifying occasion for exchange of friendly
congratulations with tho German emperor.
lli:i,ATIONS WITH (JH11AT UltlTAIX.
Still 1'rlFiidly, AlthooKh Many Im
portant (lumtlona Are Involved.
Our friendly relations with Great Brit
ain continue. Tho war In southern Afrlcn
introduced Important questions. A condi
tion unusual In international wars was pre
sented In that whllo ono belligerent had
control of tho sens, tho other had no ports,
shipping or direct trade, but was only nc
cosslblo through tho territory of a neutral.
Vexatious questions nroso through Great
Britain's action in respect to noutral car
goes, not contraband in their own naturo,
shipped to Portugucso South Africa, on tho
scoro of probablo or suspected ultlmato des
tination to tho Boer states. Such con
signments, in British ships, by which
alono direct trado is kept up hetwoon our
ports and southern Africa, wero seized in
application of a municipal law prohibiting
British vessels from trading with tho en
emy, without regard to any contraband
character of tho goods, whllo cargoos
shipped to Delagoa Bay in neutral bottoms
wero arrested on the ground of alleged
destine tlon to enemy's country. Appro
priate representations on our part re
sulted In the British government agreeing
to purchaso outright all such goods shown
to be the actual property of American cit
izens, thus closing the Incident to tho sat
isfaction ef the immediately Interested par
tics, although, unfortunately, without a
broad settlement of the question of a neu
tral's right to send goods not contraband
per bo to a neutral port adjacent to a
belligerent area.
Alaakan Modus Vivendi.
The work of making certain provisional
boundary points, for convonlence of ad
ministration around the hend of Lynn canal,
In accordance with tho temporary arrange
ment of October, 1899, was completed by a
Joint survey in July last. The modus
vlvondl has so far worked without friction
and tho Dominion government has provldod
rules and regulations tor 'securing to our
citizens tho benefit of tho reciprocal stipu
lation that the citizens or subjects of elthor
power found by thnt arrangement within
tho temporary Jurisdiction of tho other
shall suffer no diminution of tho rights and
privileges they have hitherto enjoyed. But
however necessary such aa expedient may
havo been to tide over tho grave emergen
cies of tho situation, it Is at best on unsatis
factory makeshift, which should not be suf
fered to delay tho speedy and completo es
tablishment of tho frontier lino to which
wo aro entitled under the Russo-Amcrlcan
treaty for tho cession of Alaska. In this
relation I may refer again to tho noed of
definitely marking the Alaskan boundary
whore It follows the 141st meridian. A
convention to that end has been before the
senate for two years, but aa no action has
been taken, I contemplate negotiating a
now convention for a Joint determination
of tho meridian by telegraphic, observations.
Theso, it is believed, will give moro ac
curate and unquestionable results than tho
sldcral methods heretofore independently
followed, which,, as Is known, proved dis
crepant at sovernl points on the line,
although not varying at any placo more
than 700 feet.
JDBALINaS WITH OTHER NATIONS.
Incident of Intercourse with Many
of the Minor People.
The pending claim of R. H. May against
the Guatemalan government has been set
tled by arbitration, Mr. George F. B. Jen
ner, 'British minuter at OuaUmela, who
was chosen as sola arbitrator, having
awarded $143,760.50 la gold to the claimant.
Various Americas claims against Haytl
have been, or are being, advaaced to the
resort of arbitration.
As the result of negotiations with the
government of Honduras lu regard to tho
indemnity domanded for tho murder or
Frank H. Pears in Honduras, that govern
ment baa paid $10,000 in settlement of tho
claim of tho heirs.
Tho nBBassInatlon of King Humbert called
forth sincere expressions of sorrow from
this government nnd people, and occasion
was fitly taken to testify to tho Italian
nation the high regard here felt for tho
memory of the lamented ruler.
In my last messago I referred at con
siderable length to the lynching of flvo
Italians nt Tallulab. Notwithstanding tho
offorts of tho federal government, the pro
duction of evidence tending to inculpate tho
authors of this grievous offense against our
civilization, and the repeated Inquests set
on foot by tho authorities of tha stato of
Louisiana, no punishments have followed.
SucccbsIvo grand Juries havo failed to in
dict. Tho representations of the Italian
government In tho faco of this miscarriage
have been most tomperato and Just.
Above Pecuniary Indemnity.
Sotting tho princlplo nt issuo high' abov
all consideration of moroly pecuniary in
demnification, such aa this government
rr.ndo In tho three previous cases, Italy has
solemnly invoked tho pledges of cxlstlnr
treaty and asked that tho Justlco to which
sho la entitled shall bo motcd In regard to1
her unfortunato countrymen In our terri
tory with the same full measure she herself
would glvo to any American wcro his re
ciprocal treaty rights contemned.
I ronow tho urgent recommendations I
mado last year that tho congress appro
priately confer upon tho federal courts
Jurisdiction In this class of International
cases, whero tho ultimate responsibility of
tho fedoral government may be involved,
and I Invite action upon tho bills to ac
complish this which wore Introduced in the
senatn and houso. It Is Incumbent upon us
to remedy tho Blatutory omission which
has led, and may again lead, to such unto
ward results, I havo pointed out tho neces
sity and the precedent for legislation of
this character. Its enactmoat is a simple
measuro of provisory Justice toward the na
tions with which we aa a sovcroign equal
make treaties requiring reciprocal ob
servance, Whllo tho Italian government naturally
g PyS Doctors and Midwives Recommend g
JiJIMr "Mother's Friend" I
jm mi - , , m - inraoincr iniw"im,w. wnomneroa reiuy III IM llrtri ol
rrt aojMM. ch, tllnii Ullla of 'MathM'j FiUnd t ny drur tluir lfoie
htr fourth coaltnmt M, aad wit rellsttJ quickly. All mottMri wb awe vttit It tgtn ih.lr I.Ur wii ih,icr
eg aad Um ptlakit." 1 J JOHN G roLIIILU Maun, ti.
fS Scat by tipecu paid ea nctlpl of pctca, 01 Mr holtla. Book. -Mathcihood," milled free to UJlei,
conUiaing kcniibit advict nd tcuton-BUli,
2 Sotn IT AIL DauOOISTS. THE HRAUIULB HEGViaTOn CO,, Atlanta, On.
regards such action as (ho primary and la
deed tho most essential clement in tho
disposal of the Tallulab Incident, I a4vlse
that, In accordance with precedent, ana
In view of the Improbability of that par
ticular caso being reached, that in tho bill
now pending congress mako gracious pro
vision for Indemnity to tho Italian suffcrow
in tho same form nnd proportion as hereto
fore, In my Inaugural nddress I referred to tho
general subject of lynching in theso words:
Lynching must not bo tolerated In it
great nnd civilized country llko tho United
States; courts, not mobs, must pxecuto tho
penalties of the law. Tho preservation of
public order, the right of iIIscuhkIoii, tho
Integrity of courte. and tho orderly ad
ministration of Jiistlco must contlnuu for
ever tho rock of snfoty upon which our
government fccuroly rests.
This I most earnestly reiterate and again
Invito the attention of my countrymen to
tho reproach on our civilization.
.Iiipun'fl Advuneed Position.
Tho closing year has witnessed a dccldod
strengthening of Japan's relations to other
Btntcs. Tho development of her independ
ent Judicial and ndminlstratlvo functions
undor tho treaties wlilch took effect July 17,
1899, has proceeded without International
friction, showing tho competence of tho
JapancBo to hold n foremost placo nmong
tho modern peoples.
In tho treatment of tho different Chinese
problems Japan has acted lu harmonious
concert with tho other powers, and her gen
oroitB cn-opcratlon materially .nldcd in tho
Joint relief tl tho boleagured legations In
Pekln nml in bringing about an under
standing prollmlnnry to a. sottlcmont of tho
Issues between tho powers and China.
Japan's declaration tn favor of tho Integrity
of tho Chlncso emplro nnd tho conservation
of opon world trado therewith hnvo bcon
frank nnd positive. As n fnctor for pro
moting tho general Interest of peace, order
and fair commorco in tho far cast, tho Influ
ence of Japan can hardly bo overestimated.
Tho valuablo aid and kindly courtcalos
extended by tho Japanese- government and
naval officers to the battleship Oregon arc
gratefully appreciated.
Complaint was mado last summer of dis
criminatory enforcement of a bubonic quar
antine against Japoneso on tho Pacific
coast and of interference with tholr travol
in California and Colorado under tho health
laws of thoso state. Tho latter rcatrio
tlons havo been adjudged by a federal court
to bo unconstitutional. No recurronco of
olther cause of complaint is approhended.
Intimacy with Mexico.
No notoworthy incident has occurred in
our relations with our Important southern
neighbors. Commercial intercourse with
Mexico continues to thrivo and tho two
governments neglect no opportunity to foB
tcr their mutual interests in all practicable
ways.
Pursuant to tho declaration of tho su
premo court that tho awards of tho lato
Joint commission in the Labra nnd Well
claims wcro obtntned through fraud, tho
sum awarded in tho first caso, $403,030.08,
has been roturned to Mexico, and tho
amount of tho Well award will bo returned
In llko manner.
A convention Indefinitely extending tho
labors of tho United States and Mexican
International (water) boundary commission
has been signed.
Permanent Court of Arbitration.
It is with satisfaction that I am able to
announco tho formal notification at Tho
Hague, on September 4, of tho deposit of
ratifications of tho convention for tho pa
clflo settlement of tho international dis
putes by sixteen, namely, tho United States,
Austria, Bolglum, Donmark, England,
Franco, Germany, Italy, Persia, Portugal,
Roumanta, Russia, Slam, Spain, Sweden and
Norway, and The Netherlands. Japan also
boa slnco ratified tho convention.
Tho admlnlstratlvo .council of tho per
manent court of arbitration has bcon or
ganized and has adopted rules of order' and
a constitution. In accordance with article
xxlll of tho convention providing for tho
appointment by each signatory power of
persons of known competency lu questions
of International law as arbitrators, I havo
appointed aa members of this court Hon.
Benjamin Harrison of Indiana, ex-president
of tho United States; Hon. Melvillu W. Ful
lor of Illinois, Hon, John W. Griggs of New
Jersey, attornoy general of tho United
States, and Hon. Georgo Gray of Delaware,
a Judgo of tho circuit court' of tho United
States.
Complication with MrnriiRun,
As an incident of the revolution in the
Mosquito district of Nicaragua, early In
1899, the insurgents forcibly oollected from
American merchant duties upon Imports.
On the restoration of order the Nlcaraguan
authorities demanded a second payment of
such duties on the ground that they were
duo to the titular government and that
their diversion had aided the revolt. Their
position was not accepted by us. After
prolonged discussion a coinpromlso was ef
fected, under which tho amount of tho sec
ond payments was deposited with tho Brit
ish consul at San Juan del Norto In trust
ultll tho two governments should determine
whether tho first payments had been mado
under compulsion to a do facto authority.
Agreement as to this was not reached, and
tho point was waived by tho act of tho
Nlcaraguan government in requesting tho
British consul to return tho deposits to tho
merchants.
Menacing differences between sovcral of
tho Contral American states have beeu ac
commodated, our ministers rendering good
offices toward un understanding.
TraimUtlimlnu Cmiul Slattern.
Tho all-Important mattor of an lutcr
occanio canal has assumed a new phaso.
Adhering to Its refusal to reopen tho ques
tion of the forfolturo of the contract of
tho Maritime- Canal company, which was
terminated for alleged non-oxecutlon In
October, 1899, tho government of Nicaragua
has slnco supplemented that action by de
claring tho so-styled Byro-Cramtn option
void for nonpayment of the stipulated ad
vance. Protests in rotation to theso acts
havo been filed In the Stato department and
am under consideration. Dooming Itself
'relieved from existing ongagemonts, the
Nlcaraguan government shows a disposition
to deal frcoly with tho canal question, either
In tho way of negotiations with tho United
States or by taking measures to promoto
tho waterway.
Overtures for a convention to effect tho
building of a canal under tho auspices of
the United States are undor consideration.
In tho meantime tho views of tho congress
upon tho subjoct, in the light of tho ro
port of tho commission appointed to ex
amlno tho comparative merits of tho va
rious trnnslsthmlan ship canal projects,
may bo awaited.
I commend to tho nttcntlon of tho sen
nto tho convention with Great Britain to
facilitate tho construction of such a canal
and to removo any objection which might
arise out of the convention commonly
callod tho Clayton-Bulwer treaty.
Ilelnicoa Day Award,
Tho Itng-standing contention with Portu
gal growing out of tho selzuro of tho Del-
because it is uied externally tn cases of the delicate
situation of expectant mother. It Is a constant re
lief, robbing childbirth of Its terrors. Internal reme
dies are dangerous. "Mother's l'rlcnd" is a Meming
in a bottle. There i nothing like it.
agoa Bay railway has been at last de
termined by a favorablo award of tho
iriDunai or arbitration at Berne, to which
It Was SUblnltli.,1. Tli irninnnl nt (tin
nward, which was deposited in London
nwnltlng arrangements by tho governments
vi mo unucu atntes nnd Great Britain for
Its disposal, has reeenllv lirrn nalil over
to tho two governments.
A lately signed convention of extradition
wltll Peru, as nmcmlmi i,v t. ..n.in ,n
been r.ntllled by tho Peruvian congress.'
iiuuuiei iimsiriuioil or tho policy of this
government to refer International disputes
to impartial arbitration la seen In tho
agreement renched with Russia to submit
tho claims on behalf of American scnllng
vessels Bclzcd In Bering sea to determina
tion by Mr. T. M. C. Asscr. n distinguished
statesman nnd Jurist of The Netherlands.
Thanks nro duo to tho imperial Russian
govornment for kindly aid rendered by its
authorities in eastern Siberia to American
missionaries fleeing from Manchuria.
ClnalitK the (lup Mlth Snn.
Satisfactory progress has been mado toward
tho conclusion of n general treaty of friend
ship ntid Intercourse with Spain In replace
ment of tho old trenty, which passed Into
nboynnco by reason of tho late war. A
now convention of extradition Is approach
ing complotlon and 1 should bo much
pleased wero n commercial arrangement to
follow. I feel thnt wo should not suffer to
pass nn opportunity to reaffirm tho cordial
ties that oxlsted between us and Spain from
thn tlmo of our earliest lndcpendonco and
to enhance tho mutual benefits of that com
mercial intercourso which is natural be
tween tho two countries.
By tho terms of tho treaty of peace the
lino bounding tho ceded Phlllpplno group
In tho Routhwcst failed to lncludo several
small Islands lying west of tho Sulus,
which hnvo nlways been rccogulzcd aa under
Spanish control. Tho occupation of SIbuttt
nnd Cagnynn Sulu by our naval forces
elicited n claim on tho part of Spain, tho
cssontlnl equity of which could not bo gain
said. In order to euro tho defect of thn
treaty by removing all possiblo ground of
futuro misunderstanding respecting the In
terpretation of Its third articlo I directed
tho negotiation of a supplementary treaty,
which will bo forthwith laid beforo tho
senate, whorcby Spain quits nil tltlo nnd
claim of tltlo to tho Islands named, as well
ns to any and all islands bolonglng to thn
Phlllpplno archipelago lying outside tho
lines described in said third article, nnd
ngrooo thnt all such islands shall bo com
prohended In tho cession of tho nrchlpclago
ns fully ns if they had been expressly in
cluded within tho?o llnoB. In consideration
of this cession tho United States Is to pay
to Spain tho sum of 5100,000.
l'ajinent nf Siiunlsh Clnlm.
A bill is now pending relating to tho
recommendation mado In my last annual
mcssago that appropriate legislation bo had
to carry into execution articlo 11 of tho
treaty of penco with Spain, by which tho
United States assumed tho payment of
certain claims for Indemnity of Its citizens
ngalnBt Spain. I ask that action bo taken
to fulfill this obligation.
Tho king of Sweden nnd Norway has
nccopted tho Joint invltntlon of tho United
Stntcfl, Gcrmnny nnd Great Britain to
arbltrato claims growing out of losses sus
tained in tho Samoan Islands in tho courso
of military opcratlona mado necessary by
tho disturbances In 1899.
Our claims upon tho government of tho
sultan for reparation for injuries suffered
by American citizens In Armenia and clso
whero glvo promlso of early nnd satis
factory Bcttlcmcnt. His majesty's good dis
position In this regard has been ovlnccd by
tho lssuanco of an irado for rebuilding tho
American college nt Hnrpoot.
BXTB.XSIO.V OF AMKHICAN TItADE.
Reciprocity Trrntica Aivnlt the Action
or tup senntr.
Tho failure of action by tho Benato at its
last session upon tho commercial conven
tions then submitted for Its rnnslilnrntlnn
nnd approval, although caused by tho great
piossuro or otner legislative business, has
caused much disappointment to tho agri
cultural and Industrial Interests of tho
(Continued on Fifth Tagc.)
V J THE PURE
GRAIN COFFEE
Grain-0 is not n stimulant, like
coffee. It is a tonic and its effects
aro permanent.
A successful substitute for coffee,
because it lins tho coffee flavor that
everybody likes.
Lots of coffee substitutes jn i,8
markee, but only one food drink
Grain-O.
All grocers; 15c. and 25c.
Weak Nerves
People cannot help worrying when
their nerves are weak. That feeling of
languor, dullnesa and exhaustion la
the fearful condition which often pre
cedes insanity. The power to work or
study diminishes ana despondency de
presaes the mind night and day.
If you arc suffering the tortures of
Nervous Debility, there is no knowing
how soon you may decline to something
more horrible, nut you can get well.
The youthful strength, buoyancy and
happiness can be restored by the use of
They have cured thousands, and we
have so much coufiilcnce In them that
we five nn iron clad guarantee with a
$5.00 order.
Sent anywhere In plain package. $1.00
per box, (J boxes for 8.J.O0. liook free.
Address, Peal Medicine Co., Cleve
land, Ohio.
Bold by Kuhn & Co., IStli and Douglas,
xnJ J. A. Kuller & Co.. Hth and Douulus.
MEN
Cured Whilt
You Sleep
In Fifteen Days
"Oran-BolTenV"dUol8trlelurllke mow
ntsth Ik iiin. reduoM. Knlr(t ProitaU a4
Sreaftkeui Hi. Seminal Ducti, toplns Unlnt and
mlMloo In Vlrietn Uay.
Mo drift lo rata tba ttouaek, ul a dlrae lota!
aa poUrtTB apjllcatlan loiBeaaUrauraihial iraai.
. tiran-KlTat it nol a UiU. it ! ji tfuurad )
U furm of Crayons er ranfllt. immth and litslblt,
and so narrow oa w a ia elcti sirlcinr.
Every Man Should Knw Himself.
Tha St. Jaattt Ha M, Cloelaaall, (.. kaa
reparad alrat iiiim an axbattit- Pr I
IaTritrW4 TraatJay uaon th ial L U L L
jaltro. which thr wtll ibb la auj friLLi
Rats
STEARNS'
ELECTRIC PASTE
kills RATS, MICE, COCKROACHES
and all other VERMIN, leaving
i.n.ui.1, leaving
Bugs
no odor. At
alldealers,2uc.
a box.
MalnfJTWrf'
