20 EVOLUTION IN RAILROADING i continually. The roundhouse foreman cdltn the engineer's work report I Meanwhile the engineer runs the ma- chine allotted to him. He conllnes his .,,.,,,. i t i 'howling to the seclusion of his home His Individuality Swallowed Up by the Vast, wlo terpbJ. aciiulre, ranroa,i lore, con- Complex Machine. ' durtors were once monnrchu of all they i surveyed up to the back of the tender. That I va the firing line. There authorities PASSING OF THE OLD RAILROADER ! clashed. To settle a dispute ns to train 'rights engineers have uncoupled nnd finished I tho trip with the engine, leaving me con ductor and his train on the siutng. micK neclted conductors have refused to open the switch, forcing the engineer to continue tho UiiKlneer No I.otiKer Mniter of UN HitKlnc, oi the Ciiniliietor or II I n Trill II Tin- .Net Arln Incrui') of the Ittintl, (Copyright. IfiOo, by Herbert t:. Hamblen.) The conservatism of stockholders hoa retarded railroad Improvements. The de mand for punctual dividends has vetoed managerial experimentation. Experiments cost money potential dividends therefore Inventors have met frigid receptions. In consequence Innumerable worthless Inven tions have died still-born, also many ol tho other kind Worthy managers have esenped olTHIal shipwreck, which Is u good thing, for the eloquence of the inspired merlianlcal genius Is alluring. There Is reason In the stockholder's con servatism, but that of the old-time rail roader Is of the brand stenciled "bull headed.'' He hates Innovations. I have keard him damn doublo track. "flood sin gle track is what you want," he says; "that's where they make railroad men." trip against his Judgment. Such primitive methods would now meet with official dis favor. Tho old-time railroader was a char acter. So Is he of today. Hut he Is differ ent. In those days the Influential radius of the road was small. Its personnel was weak, scrawny, little. Small iron rails wandered about the country. Tho roadbed was unscientifically constructed. It whs the day of the wooden trestle. Small, weolc engines made long stops at woodpiles. Frowsy, hnrd-rldlng pasnnger cars were coupled with links nnd pins. The hntid brako assisted In furnishing thrills to pas sengers. Stopping nnd starting were mo mentous ooeratlons. The reservoirs ot fiendish potentiality, tho car stove and the oil lamp, were omnipresent. A bible in a rack, labeled, "Head and return," wns Hanked by nn ax with a horribly suggestive red helve. Passengers were regaled with pungent wood smoke from the engine. Con ductors collected fares and bought real es- ifj; 1 1 3p t si:tti,i: a isxm ni:. DISPt'TK KXRlXCtiRS HAVE FIXISHKI) THE TUIP WITH Till! The latter assertion Is true. The former, I late. Passenger brnkemen were unbecom- also. has Its adherents.; being fossils, how ever, they may be disregarded. The old style "man-eater" draw-head gorged tin brakemen for years. The companies In vested great wealth (possible dividends) In legislation. A law resulted, popularly known and cussed ns the "co-employe act." A self-evident fact was sagely proven that an employe could not be In jured or oven killed except as tho result of tho act of n co-employe. Thus was rung the death knell of cash damages, or the euulvalent. n lifelong snap. The In centive for Immolation withdrawn, behold tho "brnkey" clothed with supremo cau tion. Not at nil! The soulless corpora tion gave him a coupling Mick, free of charge, nn Instrument for holding up the Jink without the brakeman entering tho danger zone. Ho rejected It scornfully, Inserted himself between tho man-eaters, nnd harried the courts, where he hud no Btandlng. The company extorted a re ceipt from him to prove he had accepted a stick. No use. He had lost or broken It Just previous to tho accident. Discharge for tho stlckless wns tried. Tho esprit de corps foiled this; proof was Impossible. Knl I from (ireiitiiesK. This ultra conservatism prevails In nil branches of the service. A generation ago conductors nnd engineers worshipped the rod flag; It was their fetich. With It they wore fully equipped. They could "Hag themselves out" ot all kinds of tight plnces. Opposing trains, perforce, awaited their arrival at nicotine points. What of It? They got there, didn't they? Plunder ing dispatchers couldn't run trains to gether with n man walking half a mile ahead of ench, carrying n red flag. No. sir! Conductors and engineers were men of note. Telegraph orders concluded with' "Now, do you understand?" Two such comnotcnt authorities could hardly be ex pected to Interpret nil order alike. Nor did they. Each placed his own construc tion upon It. the primo essential being that It should differ from the other's. The wire was kept hot with requests for light upon disputed points. Trains waited. Happy was the disputant who won, especially If ho succeeded In proving the dispatcher in error. Such cases wcro by no menus un known. Tho vanquished submitted under Drotest. ''Sidetrack railroading" has nearly dis appeared under modern methods. The book of rules still retnlns the ancient maxim: "In caso of doubt rtlwnys take tho sldo of safety." but experience has crystallized trnln running Into an almost exact science. Doubtful cases seldom arise. Orders nro Issued In the tersest and plainest lan guage, each order covering but one opera tion". They nro Issued by responsible men. They nro Issued to be obeyed. The men know that; they oboy them. Acci dents occur as the result of obedience to orders. The railroad Is no exception to the fallibility of human Institutions. Yet statistics prove Its management to bo nfl nearly perfect as anything ever will bo In this w.orld. Tho old-time englneor. to all Intents and purposes, owned his machine. Its throttle was never desecrated by an other's hand. He would not have per mitted It. The locomotive lay over at tho end of tho run. like himself. Much capital wos Invested in Idle engines. Tho engi neer laid off to superintend the repairs to his engine. His opinion carried weight with the master mechanic. The repairs met his approval, or there was a howl, and It wasn't a futile howl, either. noublo-rrowed engines earn dividends Ingly faml 1 Ih r with prominent citizens. En glneers forgot, as they do yet. thnt they were worklngmen. They also died at their posts-as they do yet. The men were dwarfed by their environment. Their little road was their world. They were as proud of the fast runs of their little trains ns Is the man In the cab of a transcontinental flyer of today. Anil why not? Competitive races across the prairies for a mall contract had not yet been conceived. A minute gained between "School llouso Hill nnd Cider Mill Curve" was a legltlmato triumph t'llllllKC t'llllHI' a Mmii'L". Doings on other roads were of no Inter est to these men. If n stranger got n Job he was permitted to llvo down the stigma I'ASSENOEIt HKAKEMEN COMINdl.V FAMIM-VM. WERE UNI1E- iliiPm wm si ifcsiMP MM? lie in "In the summer and fall of 'qR, while in the Indian Territory, that beinp; a malarial country, I had fever and ague all the time till I became all run-down," writes Mr. L. Cameron, of Parvin, Denton County, Texas. "During my chilling I took catarrh of the head and it troubled me a great deal. Then I had bronchitis. Had two doctors with me and got some better, and in January, i3og, I moved from the Indian Territory to Arkansas. Being exposed by traveling in very cold weather I grew worse. I had two of the very best doctors I could jet, but still grew worse. Was advised by a friend to try Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery, so I commenced taking it. The doctors could do me no good, quit coming to see me and said I would die. The people said I had consumption and could not live. I took the ' Golden Medical Discovery ' accord ing to directions. Por two weeks I could not talk alxvc a whisper, and for four weeks I had to lie on my left side all the time. I could not cat a bit of anything. All the nourishment I could take was a little sweet milk with whiskey or brnndy in it to keep me from vomiting. After I had taken two or three bottles of ' Golden Medical Discov ery ' I began to mend. For forty-seven days I could not get out of the house. I kept on taking the ' Discovery ' until I had taken twelve bottles, and I am now well and do not cough any at all. I believe Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery saved my life. " I feel very thankful to you for preparing such a valuable remedy, and thankful to God for the existence of such an Institution as the one with which you are connected. "I desire to have this published, in order that people who are afflicted as I was with that terrible disease (bronchitis) may read my statement and be induced to take your medicines and perhaps be saved from a consumptive's grave." "After having followed your advice for three months longer (from the day of writing you), I feel that I have been amply repaid," writes Mr. Clarence Payne, of Washington, D. C, 1328 N. H. Avenue, N. W. "When I received your advice I was suffering greatly. Pains in my chest, sides and under shoulder-blades, spitting blood, particles, and a quantity of mucous matter (stringing as it left my mouth). The doctor pronounced my case bronchitis, and a specialist said I had laryngitis and advised me to go to the mountains ; but I came into possession of one of your books, and after following your advice I am proud to say that I have gained between fifteen and twenty pounds. I took in all seven bottles of ' Golden Medical Discovery ' and two vials of Dr. Pierce's Pellets. I am still using your medicine, now as a tonic." It shocks us when we pick up the newspaper and see the name of an old schoolmate associated with crime. As we picture him behind the bars thctc ruses before us the vision of the bright scholar and merry playmate, and it seems imposnible that this boy can have ended his career in a felon's cell. There's another sad experience which comes to us. Wo chance on a weak, emaciated form, being pushed along in an invalid's chair. There is something familiar about the man's face. There's recogni tion in his eye. We take the thin, transparent hand and look enquiringly. It can't be he ! What ! Harry Smith, the college athlete ? This poor, gasping wreck the one time hero of the diamond and gridiron ? But so it is And again memory flies back to the old days of school and we see this frail man as he was magnificent in brawn and sinew, superb in health. What can we do for these unfortunate.1? the criminal and consumptive ? lfor the criminal we can do little. For the consumptive much. We can txrint hhn to a great army of men and women who were in like case. They were weak and emaciated, coughing night and day. They had hemorrhages and night-sweats. Medicine failed to help them. Doctors gave them up. Theu someone said try Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery. It looked like the straw which the drowning man clutches. It proved to be a life buoy. In the other column are given some specimen statements by those who have been cured by the use of "Golden Medical Discovery." "Condemned but reprieved." These are fairly representative statements. They are only two out of thousands. It is natural to ask, "How can these things be?" How can Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery cure when doctors pronounce the cose hopeless and all other moans and methods have utterly failed? That question deserves an hottest answer. Think a moment. Did you ever know of a fleshy, well-nourished man dying of consumption? The question itself seems absurd. Consumption is a wasting disease. The sign manual of consumption is emaciation. Then it seems evident that the principal feature of the disease is lack of uutiitiou. If the Iwdy could be nourished and increased in flesh, the disease would lose its hold. All treatments of consumption recognize this chief factor of nourishment. Nausea ting oils and their scarcely more palatable emulsions are administered as body-building foods, easy of assimilation. The appetite is poor. The stomach is weak. The administration of oil is ati attempt to slip food past a weak stomach. As far as it ! goes the oil is good. But it does not go far enough, because it docs nothing for the i health of the stomach, and the stomach is the vital center of the whole physical otganism. No man can be stronger than his stomach. Weak stomach means weak man. Now suppose a medicine that legan by curing the diseases of the stomach and other organs of digestion and nutrition. When this is done the appetite increases. The food eaten is properly digested and perfectly assimilated and is converted into nutrition which in the form of blood builds up every organ of the body. That is just the work done by "Golden Medical Discovery." It makes new blood and new flesh and so new life. What's the best test of the progress of consumption ? The scales. livery day will show a loss of weight as emaciation progresses. What's the best test of the progress of the cure by " Discovery ? " Again the scales. If the weight increases. If flesh is being formed and the body filled out the "Discovery" has called " Halt ! " to the disease. It is the common experience that the cures effected by the use of "Golden Medical Discovery" are marked by gains of sound, solid flesh. These gains speak for them selves. For as surely as the downward progress is marked by loss of flesh, so surely gain of flesh must indicate a gain of health. Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery cures obstinate, deep-seated coughs, bron chitis, bleeding of the lungs, and other forms of disease which if neglected or unskill fully treated find a fatal termination in consumption. COMMON SENSE applied to hygiene and medicine, aptly describes Or. Pierce's great work, The I'eople's Common Sense Medical Adviser, 100S pages, which is Bent free on receipt of htamps to pay expen&e of mailing only. " I thank you moat sincerely for the Common Sense Medical Adviser," writes Mrs. Charles 11. Thompson, of Georgetown, Kldorado Co., Cal. It is a splendid book, and everything is made so plain in it that anyone can understand. I would not part with mine for anything." Send 3: one-cent stamps (expense of inmling only) for the book in durable cloth binding. Or ouly 21 stamps if content with paper covers. Address Dr. K. V. PlKncii, Buffalo, N. Y. of his strangeness If ho could. The officials were "ralBOd" on the road. Their former comrades still tilled the humbler positions. From them tho rising generation learned to call tho "super" Hill nnd tho master mechanic Joo in their absence. Any posi tion was open to nny aspirant. Changes came like a thief in tho night. So gradual were they that their eventual recogni tion produced a shock. The rapidly growing country called for Increased trans portation" facilities, Ito.uls were double tracked. Roads were paralleled. Com petition reared Its ugly head. More and better service wns demanded of the men. Time-honored privileges and per qul Itcs were curtailed or revoked. Pay was sometimes clipped. New rules requiring more work for the same or less wages were formulated. Competition's twin, grievance, was born. The committee missed something of the old heartiness In their welcome "Super" Hill regarded his former comcdes ns germs ot possible trouble for himself. Committees roturned dlssutlsllcd. The friendly relations hitherto existing were sundered. The entering wedgo recohed nn occasional lap from either party. Tho rift widened. Now the gulf has become Im passable. A thorough grounding In the various de partments had been Indlspensablo to pref-J erment. 1'reawenis linn supennienucnis boasted of their early famlllnrlty with the brako wheel and the conductor's punch. That door Is now closed. The most success ful manager In the country has said it. There Is to be an nrlfctocrncy on the railroad; officers to the manor bred and devoid of memories of the discontented. It may bo well, or It may bo ill. and time will pronounco the verdict. The railroads have giown and waxed fat despite; competition. The time consumed In stopping trains by hand wns an Important factor. Tho few clamps n brake-shoe to every wheel on the train. They grab with a grip compared to which a steel bear trap Is like the pulinc, lips of nn Infant. The ever alert valve does, other things. Properly manipulated. 't can promptly stop a (lying train without Just the same. Krom the operator ho gets n signed stntement ns to the time tho oilier train entered tho block. It ndds that It has not yet left It. The requlbito tlmo (by the rules) having elapsed, the operator pulls down tho semaphore. Tho engineer may switches In all directions. Trains nro con- ncss, will soon be but 11 nemory. Peace to tinually arriving and departing. Sw'tih his ashes! IIKHIIKItT R. IIAMD1 UN. engines, busy little railroad tugs, are Hy ing ears all over the yard. It is a scene to daunt a veteran. How shall he pick his 111:1, ICIOI s. spilling tho contents of a brimming glnss. ' nnv proceed nt his own risk knowing tho lnt-tant wreck or derailment of the englno block to be occupied. It Is his privilege. minutes.' (inference between a stop by hand Is almost buio to rupture tho frail brake however, to wnlt for a clear block. HHSUmiHlli " u -" , iko MH P t rfV. a Great joy nnd comfort comes into every hoiiFchold I;,; own. No more gloomy forebodings or nervousness by expectant mothers, as all pain is prevented by the external use of " Mother's Friend," the marvelous liniment. There is nothing like it. B.I' nRnWN.cf W.l.lltl,l. ,rltri "Mr of mr lf'- f'lfmti lr viol Mollif l'i Win4' Ufon cinHonunl, nd tty Ihf r oM not 4 unwell tho idf t rln ithouI hitlne it, t'ta if it cot Jij yt Uviilc. It iMl nvjrini ... -I :.. Anua OTnla n!. 5 Sold nv ail Druggists. TOR HILAUFlia.P ItECJLXATOn CO, Atlanta, Co, ..1 iii'y . and ono by power Is lnslgnlllcniu. Tho ng- connections. This Is tho triple valve's op- gregate of thai difference on nil the trains purtunlty. Itcgardless of orders tho prompt In the world His produced the Westlugliouso l,ttIo monitor sets the brakes. Many train loads of passengers have thus been kept out ot the ditch. The eunnnctlons fulling to rupture, n valve within easy roach of every trainman accomplishes, tho bame pur pose. The old rnllronder is vanquisneu. The capitalization of all the ronds In tho country would not Induce him to return to hand bin lies. Ho Is conservative, but not hopelcshly so. ltefltdes, he is dying oif. Tho bloc!: signal has relieved the over worked red ling. Tho Mas has n-t been eliminated. It novcr will be. l.iko the rapidly passing horse. It holds a plnco In the ufrocttous of man. It I tho Omega, the reliable, tho Indisputable. It einergs triumphant from the mazes woven by self seeking liars. Competition di manded heavlor engines. There wore longer trains to be run at higher speed. To meet the Increased strain tho permanent way must bo stlltoncd. An tncrcaso of ono pound per yard In steel rails means the renewal of tho entire track. Lesser Innovations have wrecked huge enterprises. Th'' microscopic cyo of a financial m.iVhoma tic Ian scrutinizes the pros and cons. Track, llko rolling stock, must earn up to the limit. A wheel rolling a mile in a given tlmo represents nn Item in tho earning, column. Decrease the time and tho Item tmreascs pro rata. Illlll'li SlKlltllM, This axiom sired tho block signal. Tho road Is divided Into sections, called blocks. Ir. Its simplest form a block comprise!) the track between any two stations. It Is gunrded by a semaphore controlled by tho telegraph operator nt the station. In Its normal potion (horizontal) It means, "Stop!" The preceding train hot not ym btcii report, d iby wlrcl as having passed f 1 he bind- tiheail n nppn :u bins r.Lincer whMWs for the semaphore. If It 1.-, promptly pulled down he proreids 011 his .,,il nclf li n,,i nmrr Hnnnllivn to llm v.iv rejoicing The h!(H K utieaU IS C10.ir. slightest touih. Tho triple valve lUBtantly OUur i?o profanity enuei., bui he slops Cj M Tim COMMITTEE MISSUU SO.MUTHINC. OP Till: QUI) HKAKTINKSS. automatic nlrbrako. Vor complex simplic ity or simple complexity, perfection nnd reliability, It holds the record. l'lllllc Opposition. Tho old railroader disapproved of powor luakes. Their great vnluo lay in tlulr ability to roduce tho tlmo consumed In stopping. "If ye mil right snug up to tho t-top block before ye shot oif, nnd tho pot.Uy thing don't work, where be ye?" ho nrgu?d. They developed defects at first; all new cntures do. The old rnllroador was viu dlcated. What he wanted wns n llvo man who would obey his whistle signals. What he got was the triple valve. It never sleeps. It i.ewr las of! siik. It ! not ou lirting with wayside maidens or teasing the "news butcher" when wanted. The Wireless telegraphy may supersede the block, which, however, Is qulto satisfac tory Iia r accidents, trains trundlo the entire length of tho road nt short Intervals nt high speed and Indefinitely. Tho sys tem hero simply outlined Is capablo of numberless combinations. Many sema phores governing dilToront tricks may 'ip pear upon (ho samo polo. Tho opnrator, knowing the destination of the approach ing train, governs himself accordingly. The englneor nlso. Tnat otlivr Ingenious sys tem, tho Interlocking switch and signal, enables one man to lmndlo ull tho trains and engines nt a Inrvjo tormlnnl. Tho per fected system renders mistakes by the operator Impossible. Switches cannot bo opened or closed until tho warning slgnnl has been displayed. Nor. when once not, can they bo 1 hang'd until the last wheal has passed A train arriving nt the tor mlnus fnces acres of tracks crossed by .V TiinY wot i.u KLvi thi:msi:i.vi:.-5 oi t ur U.L KINLiS UK TiUUT PLACES ' way through such confusion and land his' train safely In the shed, half a mile or more nway? When tho semaphoro con trolling the track ho is to enter Is pulled down the engineer knows two things. H" knows his track Is clear all tho way In, otherwise the oporntor could not have pulled It down, ns It would hnvo been locked. Ho knows, too, that tlmo Is ex ceedingly valuable In tho yard. He Is entitled to tho least possible fraction thereof. Owing to the Interlocking system nn amount of work Is dono that would have required mnny times tho space avallab!" under former conditions. Henco busluess Is expedited. Inillvlitiiiillty Tho Individuality of the railroad man Is lost. Tho crystallization of a generation's experience has produced definite rules cov ering every posslblo emergency. Hxpert Interpretations of orders nro barred. A generation has arisen to whom the unglo track is but a legend. The discrimln'itiiig old-timer lias been submerged by the now school, which obeys ord-irs. Tho r i.ilure of the cordiality formerly existing between tho upper and tho lower strata has j-.-o-du-cd organization on both sides. Tho Inlloxlblo law as to tho superiority of In telltgonco over numbers never had n cleaner cut Illustration. A handful of 1 manngors. tho kind who are born, Impress j tholr wills upon the mass. I After inuny years the man-eater draw 1 head and the red flag have nicompanled ! the hand brako and tho old-fashioned switchman to t Ho scrap pllo. The" organiza tions congratulate, themselves upon their polltlcQl "heft," nut I fumy 'lint, with modern methods, tho link and pin nnd slow-going brake wheel were found pn hlbltlvoly oxponslvo. Great Industries can survlvo only by tho practice of strict dis cipline. Whllo llltcrlng through in.uiy sub ordinates discipline enslly degenerate.) Into tyranny Hut H retains the compulsory virtue of the source from which it emanated The railroad man of today has been relieved of much responsibility, nlto or us u 1 oinpanylnK simple Ainernan dignity N he the gainer'' Tho old-timer, with his ,'urdy. ptubborn, lovable positive Ur. John II. W. Chestnut of Philadelphia, who died nt Dutch Harbor. Alaska, wiill tempiirarlly residing there, bequeathed $:i,oou to the Picsbyterbui Home for Widows and Sngli! Women in Philadelphia lor n me morial mom to hi parents Itev. W. .1. McCaiiglmn, the pastor of the Third Preslivterliiii church In Chicago, has refused n cull to Helfast, Ireland, although the llelfnst chinch offered him n life ap pointment, with 11 salary of Jj.eM a year, lie Iiiih decided to remain in Chicago pr mnncntlv. KIhIiop I.clgbton Coleman of Hie Episco pal diocese of Delaware will start on bin second iinmial tour afoot through parts of Peiinuyhunlu. Virginia nnd West Virginia the last of this month, lie h.i.vh It keeps him In touch with nature and lixvly peopln and gles him u rich Mini of iinecdiitcs lor sermons A window will soon be placed 111 the Center church of llartfnrd liv Kdward W. Honker In memory ot Hev. Thomas Honker, who In WW removed from ('uiiihrldRe und with nbout a hundred others founded thi commonwealth of llnrtforil ami bocumo tlm llrst pastor of its church soilety. Father Kennels Aldan (Insquet, the now hind or the nenedlctliie Order In ICnghiiiil, Is the author of "Henry VIII and the Mngllsh .Monasteries," u work which Inn attracted Homo iitlenlliui. lie has decided to revive In bis own favor the tltb dormant since the iteforiimllnn of n I 1 of Heading, lie is a fumlllar figure ut 11 lliitlsh museum. Mgr. Doano of Newark, who has been vlsltlnc his niece, Miss Clevelund of Jamaica Plain, nt her Hummer home In Hijlhh hem, N II. iiltly celebrated Ills seventieth bllihdiiy September II. After a pleasant drive he donned his vestments and iceelved several callers Many pres ents, as well 11s letteis and telegrams, w te received .... In spite of repeated urglngs from 1 pastor some female members of tho M, dlst Kplxcopnl church ut Wnlghtstow n. refused to remove their huts during M r Then he dlieeted Hull those who pt "H in w'laring their headgear must oc u, recersed pews In the "union corner. ' Now these news have legulur occupm,' aim there Is 11 prospect Hint they will Inert use In numbers, for most of the women want t wear their hats, ulthoiigli many jlclded to the pastor's wish. I'otliler Mill I'Ji iliilon Removes everything In sight so do drastic mineral pills, but both ure migluv dan gerous No need to dynamite your bodv when In' King's New Life Pills do I lib work o eislly and perfectly. Cures hcudj' he 1 oiiatlpatlou Only 25 cents at Kubn At Co s drug storo,