Omaha daily bee. (Omaha [Neb.]) 187?-1922, August 16, 1900, Image 1

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    The Omaha Daily Bee.
EST A I h I SJ I E J UX 13
OMAJIA. Tm'TlSDAY JIORXIXC, At'CSl'ST ItlOO TEX P Alt lis.
sixci.h cow vivu cuxts.
H, 1871.
A
J
f
EAGEREARSAREBEXT
OfEcials at Washington Realizo Critical Stato
of Affaire in China.
CRISIS CANNOT CONTINUE MUCH LONGER
General Hopo That Early News May Quickly
Ecloivo Present Awful Tension.
SEVERAL MESSAGES COME FROM CONGER
Strong Opposition, it is Prophesied, May Bo
Encountered at Tung Chow,
CHAFFEE WITHIN TWENTY MILES OF PEKIN
llellrf Impressed Tim I When Alllc
Jtcncli PcUIn TIipj Mny I'lml tin;
Chinese llnvr II fprnl eel Trick
nml Deserted the Place.
WASHINGTON, Auk, 15,-Thn tension on
tlw Chinese situation lm been Intense
thtottghout tho day, for It Is appreciated
by official that tho crisis has reached an
ncuto slngo which cannot ho continued
many hours without bringing word of mo
mentous Import, determining, either for
Kood or ovll, tho entire ccurno of events.
It has been n day of oxtromo anxiety, of
watching and wultlng. with only meager
nnd fragmentary Information aa to tho mili
tary and diplomatic phases.
Ono of the now developments today waa
tho statement that messages are being re
received from Minister Congor which aro
not transmitted through any or out officials
In China or through tho Chlneso minister
here, but directly to tho Slnto department.
Theso messHges eomo by tho way of Tsl
Nan. Some of them cannot bo fully de
ciphered, nnd for this renson tho statement
ennnot bo definitely made that tho dis
patches sent by tho government to Minis
ter Conger nre received by him. So far
ns the messages havo boen deciphered thero
Is no Indication that Minister Conger had
received any of thoso sent by tho State d2
partmcnt. Nothing could bo learned of the
contents of tho dispatches received, al
though It waB stated thoro wcro qulto a
number from Minister. Couger, somo coming
from tho consular officers and General
Chaffee, besldo thoBO which came direct.
Tho mcssago transmitted through Minister
,Vu was entirely doclphored In tho depart
ment. Opposition nt Tiiiik Ohovr 13xpectcil.
During the course of a convcr
patlon between Sccrotary Root and
Ilaron Specie von Sternberg, tho Ger
man charge d'affaires, Mr. Iloot
gained considerable Information concern
ing tho routo which has yet to bo travorsed
by tho allied armies. Haron Sternberg told
htm that Tung Chow was a very strong
placo and If tho Chlneso army should mako
a stand at this point tho International
forces would llnd It auto difficult to over
come tho forts nnd walls. Whllo It Is not
Known what, -resjstanoo may havo been or
will bo made to tho advanco at Tung Chow,
Secretary Hoot and other officials would
not bo surprised to lenrn of a very serious
battlo at that placo.
i, iu nvnnr.tn.1 that tho Gorman forco now
ton Us wny to China will land In tho vicin
ity of Lin Yu, which Is directly cast of
Tekln. The advantages of this point aro
.,,! in thn fnet thnt co will not lnicr-
fcro with tho going nnd coming of ships
vlth supplies. It alBO Is said that tho road
from Lin Yu to Pokln Is better than that
between Tlcn Tsln nnd Pokln. nB tho ground
Is higher and tho country moro sultablo
miiitnrv operations.
Word camo early In tho day to the Navy
department that General Chaffee had
reached Matow. about twenty mMes from
l'ekln. Tbls occurred Friday or Saturday,
though tho dispatch irom ucnenu mu-,
,hrn..M. Ailmlrnl Hemcy. was not suf-
iinnntiv definite to locate the exact tlmo of
reaching that place. Hut In any event, three
or four days havo elapsed since men urn.
thcro has beon tlmo for a still further ad
vance toward tho Imperial city.
1,'neliiu: nil Aentc Crisis.
Thn foollnc among officials was shown In
tho cxtremo circumspection thrown about
nil messages relating to China, and It was
nnnounced both at tho State and War do
liartmcnts thnt any commutations from
Minister Conner or tho United Stntes con-
mils concerning affairs In China would not
tio mado public, U was explained that this
mi in no wuy duo to a dcslro to keep
from tho public Information of an lmportnnt
charactor, but was based solely on tho fact
ih.it thn crisis Involved so many possiuin
tics of pxtrcmo hazard to tho legatloncrs In
Tekln that tho greatest caution must te on
nerved Hiralnst disclosures which would fur
tlicr lmnerll thoso In danger. Tho actual de
velopments of tho day consisted of tho
Jtemey dispatch hcrctororo ntiucieci io uuu
ono from Consul General Goodnow at Shang
hai. Tho Stato department declined to make
public the contents of tho Goodnow dis
patch. This orcned a wldo field for con
jectures, tho most widely nccepted belief
being that Mr. Gooiinow had ndvUcd ngalnst
tho delivering of tho lcgatloners outsldo of
l'ekln.
Tho cipher exrerls wcro busy with a
tllspatch from Consul General Fowler nt Che
Foo, which wns so unintelligible that It had
to bo returned to the telegraph eumpany to
bo repented. So far as It could bo deci
phered It appeared to repeat u message sent
by Minister Conger to Fowler, telling the
latter that tho situation was becoming more
critical at l'ekln and thnt tho Chlneso au
thorities wero seeking to compel the legn
tloners to leave tho city under Chlneso es
cort. It Is possible that tho message, which
Is qulto long, will convey additional Infor
mation when Its complications nro unrav
elled, Mny Find I'cUIn lrcrlcil City.
With tho army at Matow, It Is felt that
any ono of several conditions might be pre
sented In the near future. Tho Chinese of
ficials hero concurred In tho "belief expressed
by tho Chinese minister nt London that
thero would bo n speedy nnd sudden change
and a peaco within thn next few weeks. On
the other hand Haron Speck Von Sternberg
regards Tung Chow, midway between Matow
nnd l'ekln, as tho real battleground, nnd
Secretary Root Is Inclined to accept this
view. Somo of tho Japanese officials be
Jlovo that when tho allies reach Tung Chow
they would find l'ekln a deserted city ahead
of them, rb It was recalled that theso tac
tics of withdrawal had occurred In 1869 when
tho Hrltlsh-French exposition reached Tung
Chow, In the absence of nil Information as
to what tho Hilled armies will do. these con
lectures from tho best posted sources rervo
to show tho various serious possibilities
forming a part of tho present crisis
Tho message of tho French minister nt
Tekln, M. Plchon, to the French foreign of-
Continued on Second Page.)
LOOKS FOR RELIEF OF PEKIN
I mler icerelnry of Mtntc llrndcrlolc
TnLrM More Optimistic leu
of (III nn Oiitliiiili,
LONDON. Aug. LV William St. John
Broderlek. under secretary of state for
foreign affairs, speaking this evening at a
Primrose league fete, said the government
was not without hope thnt the legations In
l'ekln would shortly be relieved. He added
that the government considered the situa
tion moro satisfactory than It wns a few
days ago.
Referring to the landing of llrltlsh troops
nt Shnnghal Mr. Ilroderlek said tho gov
ernment wns ready to land forces If neces
sary for the protection of Drltlsh llfo nnd
Interests nnd adding significantly: "We
all know that we are determined to risk
overythlng and to put forward all our
strength nnd resolution before allowing
Hrltlsh Interests to go down In any part
of the world."
Tho nppolntment of Field Marshal Count
von indorsee, Mr. Ilroderlek said, was
welcome, and he expressed the hopo that It
would strengthen tho ties between England
nnd Germnny.
Discussing the genernl situation In China
he declared that thero was every reason
to hope that tho viceroys in the Yang Tso
valley would sincerely throw their In
fluence against the Insurrection.
HAVE FOOD FOR FIFTEEN DAYS
French Milliliter TclcKrnpli Condi
tions In l'ekln I'll to
AtlRIIHt II.
PARIS. Aug. 15. The French foreign of-
flco has received the following dispatch
from the minister of France nt Pokln, M.
Plchnn, dntcd August 0:
'Wo havo been advised that LI Hung
Chang Is charged to ncgntlnto telegraph
ically with tho powers. Wo nro Ignorant
of the events occurring outside tho lega
tion. It Is surrounded by hostile dofenscs,
How could wo nogotlnte without tho diplo
matic corps regaining Its rights and the
legation grounds being evacuated? If tho
negotiations prevent tho march of tho
allied troops, which Is our only salvation,
wo risk falling Into Chlneso hands. Tho
section wherein lies tho French legation
Is occupied by Imperial troops, who havo
not entirely censed to tire. Wo are reduced
to slego rations. Wo havo provisions,
horses, rlco and bread for fifteen dnys."
MURDER OF MISSIONARIES
t'nlilPKrniti to Amrrli'iin Ilonrit of
Coiuinlnnlonera for ForrlKii MIk
uluiia Itcpurts Many Killed.
IIOSTON, Aug. 15. Tho American board
of commissioners for foreign missions to
day received a cablegram, dated August
13, from Consul Fowler at Cho Foo, In
which ho says that n messenger sent to
Puo Ting Fu has returned and reports that
tho Presbyterian missionaries wero killed
Juno 30, and tho Congregational and China
Inland missionaries July 1. Tho mission
aries stntloc h at Pao Ting Fu wcro Hev.
Horaco T. Pit tin, Miss Mary S. Morrill
and Miss Annlo A. Gould, both of Portland,
Me, Tho character of tho messenger sent
to Pao Ting Fu Is wholly unknown to tho
officers of the board, but tho message In
dicates thnt Consul Fowler and Hev. Dr.
Henry 1). Porter credit tho report.
SITUATION MORE CRITICAL
Chinese Government U lOiiilonvorlnit
to Force Ministers to I, cave
Imperial City.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 15. A dispatch re
ceived yesterday by the State department
from Consul Fowler nt Cho Foo wns badly
mnnglcd In transmission so as to bo almost
undecipherable. Tho cipher experts of
tho department worked on It last night
and todny. So far as mado out tho dis
patch appears to contain a message from
Minister Conger transmitted to Cho loo
by courier. Tho gist of tho Conger mes-
sngo contnlncd In tho cnblegram Is that tho
situation In Pekln Is more critical and that
the Chlneso government Is endeavoring to
force tho ministers to leavo tho Imperial
city under Chlneso escort boforo tho relief
column nrrivcB. Beyond this point tno ills
patch Is unintelligible.
MANY MISSIONS ARE PILLAGED
French Consul Wire UeigarillnK Con
dition,! In Province of
S wit to iv.
PATHS, Aug. 15. The following dispatch
has beon received from tho French consul
at Canton:
"All Ib quiet here. In tho district of
Swutow tho ngitntlon against tho Christians
nnd missionaries Is alarming. Many mis
Blons In that region havo been pillaged and
burned. Tho viceroy nnd myself havo do
elded each to send a delegate to mako an
Investigation and re-establish order. With
tho view of giving weight to tho mission
and to show thnt accord exists between tho
mnndnrln nnd tho consulate, tho commit
slon sails on tho French war vessel Comet."
ICnuliuiiI He ll -m to Miicllonnlil.
LONDON. Aug. 15. Tho British foreign
office, replying to the latest cipher dispatch
from tho Hrltlsh minister nt Pekln, Sir
Claude MacDonnld. tho wording of which
was almost Identical with tho messago from
Sir Claudo received by tho Canton corre
spondent of the Dally Telegraph nnd pub
lished August 14. nnd which was transmitted
to tho foreign office by tho Chlneso minister
here, bids tho British minister to bo of good
cheer nnd gives tho progress mado by tho
relief column.
Tho message of Sir Claude MncDnnnld to
tho Dally Telegraph waB dntcd Pekln
August 6. nnd rend:'
"Our situation hero Is desperate. In ten
dnys our food supply ends. Unless wo nro
relieved u general massacre Is probable,
Thn Chinese ofter to escort us to Tlcn Tsln
but, remembering Cawnpore, wo rofuso the
offer. Thero aro over 200 ICuropcnn women
und children in this legation."
Itnttalloii I, on ex for China.
ST. PAl'L, Aug. 15. Tho Third battal
ion of tho Eighteenth Infantry, 325 officers
and men, loft St. Paul today under com
mnnd of Major Pitchers, bound for tho
Orient ami probably for China. They will
reach Snn Francisco by August 19. Thn
bnttallon will sail from thnt port on the
transport leaving tho following day.
Dispatch llcccltcil from fiuoilnniv
WASHINGTON. Aug. 15. A dispatch has
been received nt tho State department
from Consul General Goodnow at Shanghai
Its contents will not be mnde public, as It
relates largely to questions of policy anil
International affairs, and It Is stated that
nothing regarding such questions will be
given out at present.
Troops Leave Suclllnc for t'lilnu.
FOHT SNKLLING. Minn., Aug. 15. Tho
depot battalion of the Eighth Infantry
United States army, started for China via
Pan Francisco today under command of
Major W. L. Pitcher. Thcro wcro 600 men
In lino.
iULPS DOWN BITTER PILL
Germany at Last Admits That Real Advanco
on Pokin Has Begun,
OBJECTION TO KAISER'S POLICY DEVELOPS
cipnper Oiijcei in i-romm.
lilt en to r.mperor to IllMinnmc
ni en I of Chancellor In Con
duct of Chliiu Wnr.
nERLIN. Aug. 15. Tho German govern
ment now ndmlts thnt tho advance upon
ckln Is well under way, having recciveu
official confirmatory dispatches today. The
oreicn office is greatly astonished nt tno
rnpld advanso of the International troops,
but surmises that tho Chlneso will make one
moro desperate stand before tho allies reach
the capital.
This evening tho Berlin papers contain a
statement that Prlnco von Hohenloho, the
Imperial chancellor. Is about to resign. As
a matter of fact, ho has taken hardly any
share In Goi.nnny'B warlike China policy, al
though under the terms of tho constitution
of tho empire the chnncellor Is solely ro-
nonslblo to tho nation In thnt connection.
After diligent Inquiry tho correspondent of
he Associated Press Is able to assort that
Prlnco von Hohenloho docs not Intend to
resign In the near future.
Several leading papers, however, express
dissatisfaction nt what they call Kmpcror
William's personal regime regarding China
nnd tho "figurehcadlsm" of Hohenloho. Tho
ncrllner Tngeblatt Bays that this condition
of things "gravely injures thn. Importance
of tho chancellor's office." All the papers,
Including tho Berliner Post, the Kreuz Zcl
tung, tho Dcutschn Tnges Xcltung, tho ller-
Iner Tageblntt, tho Frankfort Zoltung, tho
Schlesslschc Zcltung nnd the Hanover Cour-
cr demand the summoning of the Reichstag
n extra session.
Tho Cologne Gazette, In the courso of an
Inspired nrtlcle, BayB: "American readiness
after tho rescue of the members of tho le
gations to Intervene for peace promises
small Bitccess, since tho powers today inaKu
tho highest demands, whllo tho Chinese nre
only willing to grnnt trifles."
Iteceptlon to AVnlilernee,
Next Saturday Kmperor Wllllnra will rc-
celvo at Wllhelmshoho Field Marshal Count
von Wnldorsee, together with his entire staff
nnd Countess von Waldersee. Tho field
marshal will bo presented with a field mar
shal's baton. All tho guests of tho kaiser
will pnrtlclpato In tho parades and bo pres
ent at tho banquet In honor of tho seven
tieth birthday of Emperor Francis Joseph.
Tho actual dates when the addltlonnl 7,500
men will leavo Urcmerhaven for China have
now been fixed. Eight steamers will sail on
August 31, September 4 and September 7.
carrying also much artillery, Including
howitzers nnd shells.
Several letters havo been received here
from tho captain of the German gunboat
litis, describing tho experiences of that ves
sel. One appears In this ovcnlng's papers,
giving a graphic account of the Taku fight.
Tho writer exclaims:
"And what a shame! All tho enemy's guns
and the shells that Jellied our bravo fellows
camo from home. All tho guns aro the
Intcst Krupp quick-firers."
Tho Kreuz Zeltuug contains a weighty
editorial contending that tho greatest diffi
culty In finally settling with Chlna'3 finan
cial difficulty:
"It would rcqulro a reform of the entire
tnx system," says tho paper, "and especially
tho Introduction of an income tax. In order
to ralso tho money necessary to strengthen
tho ccntrnl government, to allow tho carry
ing out of Imperative public work, to dimin
ish tho, power of tho viceroys nnd to enable
China to pay easily tho heavy Indemnity
now steadily accruing. This solution Is tho
only feasible ono If tho partition idea is to
bo eliminated."
Bishop Anzer of tho diocese of Shan Tung
has set out on his return to China, after
receiving secret Instructions from tho popo
rclatlvo to tho nttltudo which Catholic mis
sionaries aro to ohscrvo during and nftcr
the hostilities.
BOERS ANXIOUS FOR PEACE
fieiiernl I'rlimlno Unoteil nn MnyliiK
Thrj- Are DlnKimtril with
Kroner.
CAPETOWN, Aug. 15. Commandant
Prlnsloo, who surrendered to General Hunter
July 30, has arrived here. Ho says ho Is
heartily tired of the war and welcomes the
prospect of pence. Tho commandant added
that a majority of tho Boers wero "dlsgustoJ
with President Krugcr."
James G. Stowo, tho United States consul
general, has returned hero. Only ten Boers
wcro In tho body which attacked his train
Tho remainder of the command wns com'
posed of forclgncis. Mr. Stowo says tho ma
Jorlty of the Boers deslro a cessation of
hostilities.
lloare in Still IIoIiIIiik Out.
CAPETOWN. Aug. ID. A messenger for
Colonel Honre. commanding the British gar
rlson at Elands river, who reached Mafeklng
Tuesday, reported that tho garrison was still
holding out when ho left, although Colonel
lloare has sustained sixty-seven cn&ualtlcs
General Inn Hamilton, with a forco of cav
alry, has been sent to rcllove tho garrlBou,
ITALIAN SLEUTHS COMING
Fifteen Deteetlvex Will Hik Stepn of
AniirctiUtn In 1 illicit
Staten.
LONDON, Aug. 15. Today fifteen Itallai
detectives, nrcordlnc to tho Homo
spondent of tho Dally Mali, will sail for
ew iotk to snaiiow tho movements
nnnrchlbts In tho United Stntes.
of
Iliiltliuore i n Comlne Home,
LONDON. Aug. 1.1. United Stntes Amlmn
sndor Choato. attended hv tho full rminxv
staff, yesterday visited tho United Slates
cruiser Ilaltlmore at Greenwich. The party
wns received by Rear Admiral Watson and
Captain Forsyth, nnd tho guns that did so
well nt Manila boomed out over tho Thames
In tho ambassador's honor.
Admiral Watson expects to go to Relfnst
Friday, nnd from that point to New York,
which will bo tho cruiser's first appearance
In thofo wnters slnco the battle of Manila.
Wnlcpt (iocs to lliMuliiirir.
LONDON, Aug. K,. The prlnco nnd
princess of Wales left London last evening
for Hotnhurg. Immense throngs nwalted
their arrival at tho Liverpool station and
cheered them along tho thoroughfares
through which thoy passed thither. They
nro expected to return September 1.
"Wlmlim' lilxNn lioen In,
NIAGARA FALLS. N. Y. Aug. IS.-The
window glass manufacturers nf tho I'nlted
States and tho Pinto Class Jobbers' nsso.
elation met hero today. Over ino of th
lending llrms In the United States wero rep
resented Th regulation of prices nml th
nutmjt was determined upon. It wns de
elded to Hdvnnro the prlco of plate glass
and window glass ID per cent All orders
made nfter today aro stbject to the advance.
HAS RIGHT RING TO IT
ItcpiilillcniiN of Orrmni Adopt Patri
otic Platform nml Nominate
Mate Ticket.
TACOMA, WnKh.7Aug. 15.-The repub
lican state convention met nt 10:30 today
nnd ndopted n platform, nominated a full
stntc ticket nnd adjourned nt .". o'clock.
The managers of J. M. Frlnk, tho King
county candidate for governor, controlled
tho convention by a large mnjorlty nnd
their slate, chosen last night, was nomin
ated without n hitch ns follows:
Congressmen W. L. Jones of Yakima and
F. W. Cushman of Pierce.
Governor J. M. Frlnk of King.
Lieutenant Governor H. G. Mcllrlde of
Skagit.
Secretary of State S. II. Nichols of
Snohomish.
Treasurer C. W. Maynard of Lewis.
Auditor J. D. Atkinson of Chelan.
Attorney General W. B. Strntton of Pa
cific. Land Commissioner Samuel A. Calvert
of Whatcom.
Superintendent of Public Instruction
It. B. Bryan of Chehalls.
Judges of the Supreme Court Wallace
Mount of Spoknno nnd R. O. Dunbar of
Thurston.
I'resldcntlnl Electors Charles Sweeney
of Spokane. .1. M. Boyd of Okonagon, F. W.
Hastings of Jefferson and S. O. Cosgrovo of
Gnrlleld.
Tho platform ndopted warmly endorses
tho administration of President McKlnley
nnd declares Its loyalty to tho flag,
for tho gold standard of value
for all our money; for protection
nnd reciprocity; for the Nicnrngunn
canal, operated, owned and defended
by the United Stntes; for the election of
United Stntes senators by direct vote of
tho people; for the enlargement of Ameri
can trade nnd commerce; for such discrim
ination nml natlnnnl aid as shall speedily
result In tho upbuilding of tho Amcrlcnn
merchant marine nnd tho rigid enforce
ment of tho laws ugnlnst the trusts; for
tho loynl nnd liberal support of tho na
tion's defenders tho nrmy nnd navy; for
tho uncompromising suppression of tho re
bellion on tho Island of Luzon; for tho Im
mediate rescuo of Americans Imperiled In
China, and for ample restitution for loss of
life nnd property therein; for a territorial
form of government for Alaska, Including
protection of navigation, and opposes ro-
llnqulshlug Boll or sovereignty of any part
of that district. It favors tho early con
struction of a submnrine cable, owned nnd
operated by tho federal government, con
necting this stato with our Island posses
sions In tho Pacific ocean.
NO FRONT PORCH SPEECHES
Chnnceil Cniulltlottn nml Itush of
Work Ileelile President to Forrno
Feature of 'till Campaign.
CANTON, O., Aug. 16. No further pinna
have been made for the president's trip to
tho Grnnd Army of the Republic encamp
ment tho latter part of next week and tho
return to Canton mado about September 1.
It Is expected to be a quiet trip over a di
rect route and probably on regular trains.
No provisions nro to bo mnde for stops en-
routo nnd no speeches from the car plat
form are to bo made. Orgtnl ,cd demonstra
tions along tho routo will not, bo encouraged
nnd above nil nothing of a political flavor
will be allowed on tho trip. When the pres
ident returns to Canton it will probably bo
to resumo about tho same routine ns has
been followed during tho last six weeks.
Ho will not come hero for a front porch
campaign, or to rccelvo political delegations.
It Is known to bo the president's deslro to
avoid such demonstrations as not In keep
ing with tho dignity of tho office ho holds
and, besides, the great amount of official
work makes It Impossible for htm to engage
In such a campaign.
GAGE ON GOLD MOVEMENT
ISxportntlon of Velloir Mctnl Is Only
Ten ill to Ailjnnt it Natural
equilibrium.
WASHINGTON. Auc. 15. Secretary fincn
was today asked by a representative of tho
Associated Press If the outward gold move
ment wns adversely affecting tho treasury
interests or was likely to troublo or lmnalr
tho gold reserve. Tho secretary replied
that ho was suffering no nnxlcty nt all on
that score
"Tho movement," ho said, "Is cntlroly
natural nnd unturo always tends to adjust
equilibriums. Tho negotiation on this sldo
of so largo a part of the English loan fully
explains tho movement. Wo have gold to
spare and It will go, and ought to go, whero
It can bo most profitably employed. At
tho moment that place of tho most need ap
pears to be Great Britain und the continent.
Wo have a largo supply of the yellow
metal an Increasing supply when our do
mestic production Is considered. BcBldes
this, we nro buying nt our assay offices on
tho Pacific coast almost the entire product
of tho British Klondlko rtglon. With out
great resources wo can, ns long as wo main
tain tho gold slnndnrd and keep tho public
credit good, retain for our own uso nil tho
gold wo need."
MAY BE CANKERS TO ENGLAND
I.alinucliere ItcKnriln Sale of llrilxli
llotiiU to Culled Mule iik liullcnt
Iiik l.ntter'a tirent I'ronperlly.
LONDON. Aug. 13. Truth. Henry Ln
bourhero's paper, replying to somo of tho
criticisms upon tho placing of a largo por
tion of thn exchequer loan In tho United
States, says:
Wn ran see nothing derogatrrv in selling
the bonds to iik iIi.i It Is mi iiiimum-c-ment
,of the enormous crowth of wciltn
In tho Fulled States. Nor would we bo
Mirprleod If, In view of tlnlr continued
prosperity, our American coiinIus were m
net as our hankers In tho future In .1 good
many Instances. Wo cm see no harm Ii.
such a relation.
Nut Works ('Inni' Doirn,
MFNCIK. lnil.. Aim. IS. The nut nml
bolt department of the Indiana Iron work
whs closed today, when nt u conference th"
bolt makers i of lined to work on the 1.1 per
rem reillieilllll lull! W11N in HllO onoCI
tomorrow. Fifteen hundred men will be
Idle. The reduction was to elfect no other
department unit lliero are nut twenty bolt
makers. The Republic Iron and Steel com.
pnny. or trust, now Imldlnrt out ngalnst
ine .Mini: iiinmeii wnrKcnt Heine, owns III
pin nt.
Mim eniiMilK of tteeaii VchicIh Ann. I
At New York Arrived Noordland, from
Antwerp; Kalserln ..mrla Theresa, from
iircmcn: joenir.en l.ouise, from uremnn:
La Hretagne, from Havre; llesperla, from
Genoa, etc. Sailed-St. Paul, for tonh
nmptnn: Teutonic, for Liverpool; Aragonla,
for Antwerp.
At Southampton-Arrived New York,
trom New York. Sailed Frledrlchs dor
(Irosse. from Hremen. for Cherbourg nnd
New York.
At Rotterdam Arrived Mnnsdam, from
New York, via Houlogne.
At HoMton Sailed New Unglund, for
Liverpool.
At Liverpool Arrived August II,
I.lvonlun, from Montreal; August IB, Ciillc,
from Now York; Oceanic from New York.
At Plymouth - Arrived - Patrlei.i. from
New York for Hamburg, via Cherbourg
At Iloulogue Arrived -Mnnsdam. from
New York, for Rotterdam
At Hamburg Arrlv 'd Drutsch.aiid from
New York, vU Plymouth und Cherbourg.
WRITTEN BY TRAITOR HANI)
Government Makes Public Anti-Imperialist
Letter Seised by Funston.
UNITED STATES IS ROUNDLY DENOUNCED
.Vloiitanue It, I,everon of llrooUljn
Aittlur Filipino to Scire Prom
inent Amcrlcnn Oflleer nntl
Hold lllm in IMrnte.
WASHINGTON. Aug. 15. Tho War de
partment tins mado public the Filipino cor
respondence captured some months ngo by
General Funston's comnund in Luzon. It
was translated from tho Spanish under the
direction of Captain John R. M. Taylor of
tho Fourteenth Infantry, who Is In charge
of Insurgent records.
There Is a letter from Dr. Montague K.
Lover-son, dntcd at Fort Hamilton. N. Y.,
July 17, 1S90. and addressed to Senor G.
Apnclblc. It says:
T uiH . . .1 ii 1 1 . . f -t -I ill......
i't,u inn, Diuillt'l. will iiiriiu ,ii,i-i
S. Pnrson nf Lexington gave me ynur inline
r. B r. .. n n I .l.nl.l .....!, n .. w,....
,,n mil- I,, t.iiom , niiuill.i ,r n-,n--
Honliitlve FIIUMno.
I nm a member of the Antl-lmncrlallst
lengue nf Huston, of which flf-orge S. Bout
well Is president nnd Irvln Wlnslow Is sec
retary. 1 have published many articles ami
letters ilenouncing the piratical wnr cur
ried on by President McKlnley ugnlnst ynur
people, lie nnd Genernl Otis and nil his
troops are pirates upon the territory of the
natives. Our presidents nre not In the po
sition of kings. Our presidents ure nut in
the least authorized to make wnr without
i ue convcui oi enngress, ns .nciMiiicy is
doing, und nil persons compromised in this
wnr a ro nlruteu.
I should like to suggest n plan to you. It
in mm. lull PI1UUH1 PIMZC point' OII1C1III III
rank In tho service of the I'ulted Stntes und
then Inform the foreign consuls that he wns
to bo brought before u council of wnr for
i j ,iiu iu niuu riiiinuin l) lliim'
representatives present nt tho council St
wur to see that It Ik legal.
AeeiiHeil of J'lrnev.
Piracy would be shown by conducting a
, ,,, , tWMltllJl, l mi. UPllfH III CIVIIIKCI1
vvnr and the proof would consist In tho fact
Hint tho consent to killing defenseless pris
oners nnd noncomlmtiints. men, women und
children In cold blood, und In tho robbery
. "' il,,ii Buiuifin ui iiuncuiuimiiiiitp.
It I were not an old mnn of more than t
ji.,iiCT i nuiiiii miiiiiKiy inn you in your
Just defense. I also suggest that tho Fll-
ujiihii'n.i UHUK.m III! lipiH'lll III IHC IlfU-
plo of tho United Stntes. 1 shall nut give
vnif II,.. linn.U r tl.lt, ........n1 t ,..
nvimo v., into iiimjwi. 1 mutely IlUIIll
mil am.i, (liltio ..!.l.,l II ...,.,i.. 1 1 ,..
w .......u ttinihn i,,iii ,1,11 vrii.-vitviiy influ
ence the people. For example, u reference
to the Declaration of Independence must
nu innei ii-ii, nm i uenevo inni it is also
,.v i..-,, jr juu w iiit'iiuun in yuur appeal
tho points 1 havo mnde above to show that
this war is piracy, using them to bring out
thn want of Chrlstlnn feeling for tho
soldiers. mi must show that McKlnley
keeps tho people of the United States In
Ignorance of tho truo fncts; that ho nnd tho
...v...uui.-, u, ,,(. iuimiu'i imve cieuueraieiy
lied to secure tho ratification of tho treaty
of pence with Spain without u clause which
would havo ussured the liberty of tho Fil
ipinos; that they deliberately lied when
ttltll Utllll ,1,, n ..I1 1 ....! . i
, , . .. tih"ili;mu llUYinuil iKUI-
nnldo to tight nnd that u telegram stating
1 N , " " " "i".".epicu. j no war wns
udvlsed from Washington to secure tho
passage of the trenty. Do not fall to In
sist upon tho ntrocltles beforo mentioned,
especially the nssasslnutlon in cold blood of
U'nmnn nml nlillH..,. .1 i. .
.. i;,, ,iuu iJtu pui'it ui prop
erty of noncombatants perpetrated by offi
cers nnd soldiers, especially by a captain
if iiciil-vcu io uo ii rciaiivo
of tho general, who not only took no steps
for tho punishment of tho nssasslns but
who did not even reprimand them,
i i v,a can l,.rovo,thnt women have been
. ...... .v,u, inn, utou in your siniemeui.
Aliened Atroelllen to II,. Proved.
Yotl should nfTer in npnvn alt Miaua lrnnl
ties before a commission composed of three
AmerlcniiB nnmed by tho congress of the
United Stutcx nnd thrnn l."M(li,,.u ,m
by 'tho Filipino congress and presided over
.j a jieiHou ui Home oincr nation ciiohcd
by tho I'nlted Stntes-ho must not be an
Kngllshmnn, for they nro all associated In
i u crime, n mu punucation of nny por
tion Of th 8 letter Will bo of servlre vnn
can USO It. but I think It M-nntrl i... ,.,,
prudent to keep It secret. Do not forget to
iV . . American squadron wnlch
uiui'Miui-u your coiiris. noiniinrdlng them
Without Wnrnl.iB to thp nnnnimli i,nnl ,,n,l
peaceful towns whero wur would never have
ueen uiiiugiu or. mu or wiilcli now tho
greater part of the Inhabitants who were
formerly friends of tho I'nlted States linve
taken arms to uvenge tho deaths of their
wives nnd sons. Also speak of the refusal
of the United States nnd Great Uritaln to
renounce tho uso of explosive bullets, which
wnH decided upon in the conference of tho
commissioners nt Tho Hague, und which
t io United States ure now using, ulthough
their use was denounced us barbarous by
tho other commissioners nt Tho llnguc.
h'l?.kitiTi,,Ti0p.lo.rf th0 ''ntcl Status If
they think that they nro Christians, and
ask them how they can reconcile their re-iT.-"
,wl,h 1 lc,lr Present conduct toward
McKlnley nnd his wnr. This hnrrlblo wnr
Is n nightmare for me. It may bo folly for
mo to permit myself to bo affected by It,
but Its horror, tho eternal Infamy of It for
my country whoso people ure preparing u
stato of slavery for another, prevents mo
from sleeping.
1 can say nuthlng more, but thai It would
bo well to let tho people know that steps
DCTVey I) dinned Into AtTnlr.
Another letter, dated Singapore, Juno 26,
1S9D, from W. C. St. Clair, editor of tho
Slngnporo Free Press, to Howard W. Ilray,
discusses conversations which tho writer
claims to havo had with Consul Pratt, who
was succeeded about that time by Consul
Moscly nt Singapore. There also was somo
suggestion that Pratt favored tho Filipino
causo and tho discussion related to conversa
tions thnt Consul Pratt Is said to have had
with tho Filipinos. St. Clair takes llttlo
stock in that, but pins his faith to what
Admiral Dewey might say, and writes:
Admiral Dewey Koes home, It believed,
to advise (ho president on nnvnl nnd
colonial nffulrs. lie shows exactly what
did take place and what did not, nnd I
should know If he had any ground to think
that the slightest promise was made by
Pratt to Agulnalilo lie would declare It un
authorized and decline to act on It. I ,im
certain J'rntt reported what ho supposed to
take place accurately.
The vital thing, und nothliur else counts,
Is what Dewey said nml did when ho nt last
met Agnlnnldo. That Is the thing. All else
Is empty wind. The sole thing to have Im-pri'-sed
on ihe public in Amcm-n would be
the cha nlnu of Dew-cv nn.l An-iilm.l.i..
gother ns participators in common ncllnn
nil surely comprehend what this means.
Think and think again. It menus hiii ccsh
ns far as possible. The other work Is '
only lost, but 'Iocs not g.iln much symlanv,
especially this criticism of the conduct of
American troops. Things m.iy bo true tint
are not expedient Io sn. Sink everything
Into Dewey-Agulnalilo co-operation. Thnt
was on both shies honest, even If It did not
Imply any actual arrangement, which, of
course, Dewey himself could not make.
Mere you havo the facts, undented, Incon
trovertible. Dewey will lu America Insist on this co
operation. He will do all he can to undo th
unfortunate effect of the advent of Amor
lean militarism a wodgc between him and
tho Filipinos. Dewey was helpless In the
face of the action of find. He could lint
really look with favor or with anything lnr
regret on Ills suppression of General Mer
rill, or the cultlnc off of comunleatlons
with Aculnnldo. Itut Dewey's return to
power in 'colonial affairs Is coming. I be
lieve. I must not tell you what he told me,
but I believe he hopes for n complete renin
dilution mid an adjustment that will renllj
satisfy the Filipinos.
llepciuU on llrynu'H I'nit).
A letter dnted Paris, Juno S3. 1893, from
Fellpo Agoncllo to G. Apnciblo and I. Santos,
nt Hong Kong, says that all Kuropeans feel
a Miporlorlty to the yellow races and for
that renson thero can bo no autonomy be
tween tho United States and tho Filipinos
Ho says that tho political tactics of tho
Filipinos was to prolong tfco wnr, avoided
armed Intervention and '"foment tho nc-
(Continucd on Fifth Page.)
v.- it..,, i : iuiiouiii.1' militarism into
tho United Stntes. some examples of which
enn lie shown from tho conduct of General
Mcrrlam In Jdaho. Very sincerely
MONTAOU13 It. LHVIORSON.
CONDITION OF THE WEATHER
Forecast for Nebraska
Showers. Cooler
Temperature nt (Imitlin Ycvtcriln? I
Hour. lieu. Hour. lieu.
." a. til till I p. m Ml
II u. in Ill a p. in l
7 ii. tn US it p. in SU
S a. in till I p. m Ki
ii ii. in 7t r p. in...... .-:t
HI n. in 7U II p. ill
II n. in 711 7 p. m
ta III 7S S p. II 711
II p. in 7S
DEATH DUE TO APOPLEXY
lltititliiutunS Secretnry Dimrrllip
.iceiien Attenillnu Millionaire'
I'iikIiiu Ann;.
NKW YORK. Aug. 15. Tho body of Collls
P. Huntington, who died Monday at his
lodge In the Adirondack mountains, wur
brought to this city today. The funeral
services will be strictly private nnd will be
held Friday morning.
In tho party which accompanied tho body
to this city from Rnquclto Lake, the late
millionaire's summer home, were Mrs,
Huntington, tho widow. Archer M. Hunting
ton, the adopted son. nnd his wife. Miss C.
M. Cnmpbell. a life long friend of Mts.
Huntington. Mr. Mnnsucld lllllhouse and
Mrs. lllllhouse. sister of Mrs. Huntington,
Isaac H. Gates, brothcr-ln-lnw of the de
ceased and a very close confidential adviser:
George K. Miles, private secretary, and Dr.
William K. Cole, a guest nt the camp.
The party at onco drove to the family
residence. The casket was taketl from tho
car nnd removed to tho house.
In speaking of tho death of Mr. Hunt
ington. Privnto Secretary Miles, who was
prefent nt the time, snld today;
"Ills death was very sudden. It wns due
to cerebral apoplexy. Mr. Huntington wns
attacked with a severe coughing Just after
retiring. Mrs. Huntington gave him a stim
ulant, ns iho had done before. This seemed
to relieve him for a moment. Then ho said
to Mrs. Huntington: '1 nm very, very 111.'
Thoso wcro his last words nnd he sank Into
unconsciousness a moment later. The
alarm was quietly given. When I reached
tho bcdsldo of Mr. Huntington ho npparcntly
knew no ono.
"A servant was sent for Dr. K. H. Tay
lor, who was nt a camp across tho lake.
Dr. Taylor returned with all speed, but
when ho renched the sick man's bedside llfo
wns extinct.
"It was not more than twenty minutes nt
tho very most after the attack of coughing
started before death had come.
"Theso coughing nttacks wcro usually ac
companied by a slight paralytic nctlon of
tho throat and respiratory organs."
Prluccss Hntzfcld, the late Mr. Hunting
ton's adopted daughter, now In London, wns
notified by cablo of the death of Mr. Hunt
Ing'ton, but being unnblo to be present at
tho funernl sho will delay her home-coming
for n short time.
No decision has been reached as to tho
choice of un officiating clergyman. Ho prob
ably will bo of tho Presbyterian faith, or
possibly n Congrcgntlonallst.
It was later announced that tho pall-bearers
chosen wore D. O. Mills, Iidward King
of tho Union Trust company, F. P. Albert of
tho Central Trust company, Kdwln Hawicy,
traffic manager of tho Southern Pacific.
Charlos 11. Tweod, second vlco president of
the Southern Pacific; Martin Krdmnnn, K.
P. "Schworln of tho Pnclflc Mnll Steamship
company nnd C. Adolpho Lowe, an old friend
of tho deceased.
NEGROES ATTACKED BY MOB
I'rleuilfi of Policeman AVIio AVns
.Stubbed Io Dentil Attempt Vniiti'
.iiiicp on Murderer' Itaec.
NKW YORK, Aug. IS. A mob of several
hundred persons formed at 11 o'clock to
night In front of tho home of Policeman
Robert J. Thormp, Thirty-seventh street
and Ninth nvenuc, to wreak vengeance
upon tho negroes of that neighborhood be
causo ono of their number hus caused the
policeman's denth. Thormp wns bruised
nnd stabbed last Sundny night when ho was
trying to arrest a negro woman and died
the following day. Tho mnn who inflicted
most of tho Injuries Is snld to be Arthur
Harris, a negro who enmo here sovurnl
weeks ngo from Washington. In n few mo
ments tho mob tonight swelled to 1,500 per
sons or more, and as It became violent the
negroes fled In terror Into nny hiding place
they could find.
Tho police reserves from four stations,
numbering 400, wcro called out. Tho mob
of white men, which grow with great rapid
ity, raged through tho district and all no
grocB wore attacked. Scores wero Injured.
Clubs woro used until tho policemen wore
nlmnst exhnustcd. Rcvolvcrir'wcro emptied
Into tho air and in ono or two Instances
fired at tho upper stories of tho negro ten
ements, from which tho negroes throw
bricks, paving stones and other missiles.
Tho troublo extended over nlmost the
whole district Included from Twenty-ninth
to Forty-second Htrcct and from Ninth to
Sixth avenue.
The policeman's body was brought tn his
homo tonight on Ninth nvenuo botween
Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh street. At
onco tho house bcrnmo a sort of shrine.
HUNG JURY IS LOOKED FOR
People of lirnrHiionn IWpeet Neither
Cont letluu tir Aequllllll III
I'mierii' Case.
OKOROKTOWN, Ky.. Aug. lri.Thrco
speeches havo been made and n fourth Is un
der way In the Powers trial. All have been
good speeches. The Jurymen have been so
Impassive i hat the cloheat observers havo
not boon nblo to discover tho drift of their
sympal bios.
Victor llradley will conclude his speech
tomorrow, followed by W. W. Owens for Iho
defense nnd II. II. Golden for the prosecu
tion and J. M. Tlnsley for tho defense.
Colonel T. (!. Campbell will speak nn Fri
day morning, fojlnwod by ex-Gnvornor
Ilrnwn and Commonwealth Attorney Frnnk
ln will close nn Friday night or Saturday
morning. That Is the plan tonight and tho
Youtsey case will he called and the selec
tion of a Jury will begin on Saturday.
Tho largo majority of people In George
town still believe It will bo a hung Jury.
OMAHA MAN UNDER ARREST
Robert II, Hall Is Till, en from the
Train nt' Saeraiiieiito,
Cnl I lorn la.
SAC II AM UNTO. Cal.. Aug. 1.', -Robert I!
Hall of South Omhaa. Neb., was arrested in
this city todny upon arrival of tho train from
tho cast. Hull is accused of having stolen
largo liums from firms for which ho had
acted as collector. Ho admits having taken
thn money nnd says ho (led from Omaha tn
Cheyenne, whore he started tn enlist In the
Null IIiiIiin Mu cli Gi-iilu.
ST. THOMAS. N D. Any l'i A sever,,
hull storm last night destrmed 40.000 ai res
of tho title Mt gram grown in North Dakota
this year. oen ih.it ut unci In shock bolus
destroved Ma' v of Iho Irillstonos were
from threo to four inchfa in diameter.
MAY BE AT PE
London Hears That Allies Reached Ohineso
Capital on Monday.
TIDINGS COME BY WAY OF SHANGHAI CABLE
Paris Has Recoived Report Which is of
Almost thoSamo Tenor.
SOME DISPOSITION TO DISCREDIT NEWS
Enemy Reported to Bo Entrenched 40,000
Strong Near Tung Ohow.
CHINA READY TO DELIVER FOREIGNERS
IttiNNln Credited n Wllllim to Ite
eclte lie tiler Outside I'll- Wnllx,
Vi as to olil Necesillj of
't roops llntrrliiK lintcs.
LONDON, Aug. lfi 3:R0 n. m. "Tho al
lies are reported to have reached Tekln on
Monday," says the Shnnghal correspondent
of the Dally llxprcss, wiring yesterday. H
adds: "Chlneso official news confirms this
statement, but without details."
A Paris message repeats this, but the
statement, especially ns it cmanntcd from
Shanghai, must be accepted with consider
able reserve. Other linlon morning pa
pers, basing their remarks on Washington
dispatches which, with tho exception of tho
foregoing from Shanghnl, form tho latest
news rcgnrdlng the advance, nro devlded in
opinion, some believing thnt tho allies must
have already reached l'ekln nnd others pre
ferring to believe that tho relief will not
bo accomplished until tho end of the week.
Telegraphing from Ynng Tsun August t),
n Dally News, correspondent says: "Sir Al
fred Gaseleo hopes to keep tho enemy run
ning nnd to follow him right Into Pekln."
Ngnn Ping wns occupied without firing a
shot, according to a dlspntch to tho Dally
Dxprrss from that place, dated August 11.
"It Is believed," tho message adds, "that
Generals Fung Tn Slang, Ma und Chung nro
entrenching -10,000 strong nt Tung Chow.
Tho nllles may avoid Tung Chow, pursuing
tho route northwest from ('hang Knl Wan."
Tung Chow appears to ho about twclvo
miles from Pekln. A dispatch to tho samo
paper from Shanghnl, dntcd yesterday, says
thnt tho officials profess to be willing to
hnnd over tho foreign ministers, their
families nnd servants, but will not pormlt
tho departure of nntlvo Christians.
IIiinnIii Dicker it lib 1,1,
"The Russian government," continues
this telegram, "bus notified LI Hung Chnng
ol Its willingness to receive M. do Glurs
outsldo tho walls of Pekln, thus avoiding
tho entrance of tho Russian force. This
independent action Is calculated to em
barrass tho allies seriously. Japan de
mands that General Yung Lu shall meet
tho nllles outside tho city gates and deliver
tho ministers and all the native Chris
tians." i-.
1i'VCniHi minister In London, Sir
Chlh Chen Lo Feng Lu, Is quoted ns saying:
"Tho powers must not press too hard on
Pekln. If you dofent tho Chlneso soldiers
It will not bo posslblo to control tho sol
diery. Thoy mny turn and rond tho lega
tions. I do not believe tho legation food
supply will bo stopped ns long as the
powers rofraln from nttncklng Pokln and
negotiate for the surrender of tho minis
ters." Tho Times has tho following dispatch
from Shanghai, dated Tuesday:
"Tho viceroy has withdrawn his opposi
tion to the landing of Hrltlsh troops on
condition thnt this does not entail tho
presence of other forces, tint Instructions
hnvo been recoived from the Hrltlsh gov
ernment thnt disembarkation Is to nwnlt
further orders. The (act Is generally
known that Great Hrltatn Is hesitating.
Tho public, official and unofficial, Is unan
imously of tho opinion that withdrawal at
this stage would bo deplorable and would
produco tho worst results."
GENERAL MA NEEDS NEW FLAG
Chinese Cnniinunder In Ills HfiKcrncua
to ICscnpi- I, rave Stmiilnril
lie Mini.
LONDON, Aug. 15. Rear Admiral Hruce,
telegraphing from Tnku to tho nrltlsh
admiralty, says-
"Havo recoived tho following from the
general at Ho SI Wu, August:
" 'Tho troopn aro distant about twenty
soven miles from Pekln. They oxpnrlenced
llttlo opposition. A position hud been pre
pared by thu enemy, but iih tho allies ad
vanced they fled. Tho Tartar cavalry wa
charged by two squadrona nf Ilengal
lancers. Many of tho former woro killed.' "
"Flvn of tho former wcro killed. Tho
standards of GcncrnlB Ma and Sung wero
captured. The troops aro much exhausted
by tho heat, but their health and spirits aro
olhcrwlso excellent.'
A second dispatch dnted Ho 81 Wu, Au
gust 11, says: "Tho advanco may bo some
what delayed, as rain Ib fulling."
LONDON, Aug. 15. Tho Chlneso minister
In London has Informed Iho llrltlsh foreign
offiro that tho foreign legntlons nt Pekln
wcro sufo on Monday, August IS.
WASHINGTON, Aug. in.--Thn Rtircau of
Navigation luu mado public I lie following
dispatch:
"TAKU. Aug. 12. Just received nn un
dated dlbpateh from Chaffee, Matow; op
position of no cotHoriuoncc, yet tctrlble heat,
many men prosttatcd. l'lonfcc Inform sec
retary of war. RUMKY."
Matow Ik about eleven or twelve miles be
yond Ho SI Wu. The toad between Ho SI
Wu anil Mnlnw Is Indicated on the War de
partment mnn as tho worst section of tho
mad between Tlcn Tsln and Pokln.
Minister Wu, who besldo being tho Chi
nese minister hero nlso Is tho ncnrcdlted
representative of China to Spain, received
along with tho Conger messago of yesterday
a cipher message from tho Spanish minis
ter In l'ekln, which Mr. Wu forwarded to
Madrid. It was not made public there
Sir Claude MncDonald's dispatch to the
Hrltlsh foreign office, evidently of tho samo
vintage as tho Two other dispatches re
ferrcd to, also was withheld from puhllia
linn. This Ik taken as a fair Indication
that negotiations nf Importance aro on
foot, but their naturo Is cntlroly specula
tive. It Is considered significant that no
preparations arc being pushed for tho win
tering of tho American forces In China.
Hoth tho rnmmlasary und qtiartormnKtor
departmentH nro ready to purchaso and
ship Htippllcs for thn Chlnonn expeditionary
forco such as would bo needful lu a wlntor
campulgn. Thoro nro certain supplies
which would hae to be taken and that
quite speedily, unless thorn was strong
hope that thn American army would bo nut
of t'hina bnforn tho gulf of Po Chi LI freezes
i over, which usually happens about tho first
A