Mny (!, 1000.
many divisions, aro universally Mohatnmo
Uans. The Siiviiki'H of Mliiiliiiuiu,
Leaving tho Moros (or tho tlmo I will
wrlto, flrst about tho savagca of Mindanao.
They are bo little known that tho ethnolo
gists ot our Smithsonian Institution and
geological survey will have years of work
In bringing forth to tho world their pecu
liarities of life, customs and language. Tho
most ot them go about In brccchclotha,
Many of them live in tho tops ot trees,
and Homo tnako their homes In hollow
logs. Among them aro tho Negritos, or Ht
tlo Ncgros, Blmllar to tho littlo blacks
found In Luzon. Thero are- tribes ot thceu
scattered over Mindanao, ono containing
about 2,000, called Manuas, living In tho
ponlnsula ot Surlgao. Thceo people uso
poisoned arrows and aro extremely savage.
They aro ot a low stato ot Intelligence
and It Is extremely doubtful It they could
ever bo civilized.
Not far from the Rio Orande river thero
Is a raco of savagea called tho Toruraycs,
who llvo In tho mountains. Their houses
r.to built on bamboo poles, tho flrst floor
being about twclvo feet above tho ground.
The Inhabitants get Into their houses by
crawling up a notched stick, which they
pull up at night. Tho houses aro mado of
thatch and bamboo poles and arc usually
very small. In some cases they consist of
only a roof and floor, being without walls
of any kind, and having only posts at tho
corners to support the root. These people
go almost jiaketl. A man who has Just re
turned from a trip among them says that
tho men ho saw woro squares of cloth sus
pended from n string around their waists
and women woro skirts which were not more
than a foot long. Tho women had brass
rings on their ankloa and wrists, Tha
men wero armed with bows and nrrows and
spears. Tho weapons were polsonod, the
poison coming from a trco which grows In
tho mountains.
Tho Mlndayas aro a Btrango pcoplo who
llvo In tho eastern part ot this Island, not
far from Matl. Wo hnvo recently esta)-
ROSEWOOD nitlDOE AT ZAMHOANQA.
llshed a garrison at that point and we
shortly hope to got something concerning
them. They havo fair skins and look not
unllko Europeans.
In addition to theso thero are many
other tribes, some of whom, such as the
Dagobos, Atas, Guyangas and Tagacolcs, aro
notorious for having human sacrifices. Many
of tho savages are head hunters and all are
supposed to bo unfriendly to the whltee.
As to this, howover, nothing certain can
bo known until explorations can be made.
Such of the soldiers as have gono Into the
mountains have not been molested and tho
probability Is that It tho pcoplo aro kindly
treated there will bo ltttlo trouble with
thmm' ... . L ,,. ,
The problem of handling them and ho
Moros Is a most serious one, especially the
Moros. This, so far, has been most ad-
mlrably done by General nates, but whother
tho policy will hold good Is yet to be seen.
I nnd tho Moros a most Interesting people.
Thoro aro In the neighborhood of 200 000 ot
them on this Island. They havo villages
ovorywhero along tho coast and about tho
lakes of tho Interior. Thero aro large num-
bors of them about Zamboanga and I aeo
wiuiu every wuuru. mcy uru nauii-auvuus,
but their civilization, history and character
nro such that I will have to devote ono or
more special letters to describing them.
They have caused the Spaniards trouble for
centuries and until now have Btcadlly re
sisted any union of olther religion or gov
ernment with tho whites.
A Ilnynl Principality.
In this letter I should like to give some
Idea of the resources ot Mindanao, I'or, as
I have said I consider It one ot tho most Im
portant parts of our possessions. I havo
spoken ot tho timber. Tho best of the hard
woods of tho archipelago aro to bo found
hore. Tho mountains aro coverod with trees.
In traveling along tho east and eouth coastB
you see wooded hills rising ono above, tho
other, extending on and on until they Ioo
themselves in the clouds, which In this lat
itude always hang low. The woods are ma
hogany, rcsowood, ebony and many other
varieties. Hero at Zamboanga the buildings
occupied by our troops aro floored with ma
hogany. Tho soldiers stamp with their heavy
boots over tho boards which would mako
plann tops and I rodo my horso today across
tho canal over a wooden brldgo which, with
the proper machinery, might have been
turned Into a ISO dinner table. At the head
quarters yesterday I put my feet on a ro3c- PEOPLE OK
wood floor under tho mahogany tablo of RIERS.
mmmmmmmtmmmmmKmmmmmmmKmmmmmYmL
1IANANA THKK, 15 FEET HIGH Mil.
STANDS ON FENCE TO OIVE AN
Colonel Pettlt and this morning took a ride
In a dugout, fifty feet long, gouged out of a
log which In tho United States would havo
been turned Into walking sticks worth a
dollar apleco. Rosewood Is In fact tho oak
of Mindanao and mahogany Is as common
as plno In Wisconsin.
Tho question as to why Uio Spaniards did
not develop tho timber resources of tho
islands la often asked. Tho reason probably
3 that they thought they could mko
m0re by taxing foreigners who attempted
to do so. They put the taxes too high, how-
cvcr and In this way provented development,
Thoy had rigid forestry laws. The lumber
j,aii to be handled In a cortaln way. The
loBs must bo cut JuBt B0' and thero woro 60
many foc8 nnd restrictions that every big
)unlbcr company which attempted to operate
fnnca. Today thore aro many men looking
lnl0 tho lumDer Interests and eventually
BawrailB Wj, bo established. Thero aro a
fl)W mUa noro now but moat ot tho Bawing
um, panns Is ,iono by hand. Thoso who
brInB tho mls Bnouid romembcr that the
W00(, ,a ycry nard nnd that tbo clrcuiar
BQWB wJlch wo commoniy uso wm not cut
,(i no MWg wllch nn found , work bwt
MINDANAO TUB TWO WITH
EflHBl l'i
OMAHA I L LUST HATED BEE.
CAHl'ENTEIt, WHO IS G FEET 8 INCHEis,
IDEA OF THE HBIOHT.
aro thoso which go up and down and band
saws, or Rang saws, would probably work,
(in 111 mill Colli Ml lion.
Mindanao Is believed to bo the richest ot
tho Philippines in Its mineral deposits. Coil
Is known to exist In n number ot tho prov
lnccs, and I am told that largo deposlsa
havo been recently discovered not far from
tho northern coast. I mot the other day a
Ir.wyer from Portland, Ore., who claimed to
havo eocurod an option on theso mines, and
who says bo will soon start to tho United
States to organlzo a company for their ex
ploitation. There Is somo coal not far from
Krmboanga, but as to Its quality or that In
tho north I havo not yot been able to lenrn.
Tho gold propositions aro equally In
definite. Thero Is no doubt but that thore
Is gold In tho streams In many parts of
Mindanao, but whctlior It cxlstn In paying
quantltlm has not yet been determined.
Foreman, a man who has written tho best
book about tho Islands, speaks of a French
man who for a leng tlmo washod about four
pounds of gold dust a month out ot the
Surlgao district. Tha Chlnoso havo been
buying gold from tho natives, and tracca ot
mines havo boon (Uncovered In a number of
places near hero by prospectors.
Thero aro a number of Callfornlans and
Australians alreadv In tha mountains hut
ng yet( owing to tho savago conditions, but
jew navo ventured far.
A rormor hospital stoward named Handy,
wno Camo out hero with tho army In 1898,
has Just registered flvo claims with tho
judge dvocato general at tho hcadquartors
nor0i There Is as yet no law as to rocord-
ng aUCn claims, but ho has left his matters
n tn8 Bnapo In ordor that ho may estab-
gj, nis claims when tho laws as to mining
property aro settled. This man resigned
from tho army somo tlmo ago, and has elnco
devoted himself to prospecting,
n has gono with tho Moros back Into n
country where tho man who enters Is hup-
Psxl to tako hla llfo In his hands. Ho
interested tho Moros with him. taking up
claims for thorn at tho samo time. Ho
says ho was well treatod ovorywhere, and
that although ho had $300 In his valise,
which was unlocked, It was not stolen. His
ciamB )0 niong a river at a distance of
nbout forty miles Inland from Zamboanga,
Ho claims that ho found color In ovcry pit
ho oxcnVatcd, and that In many places the
gold was found In paying quantities, al-
thoUgh n0 dld 3t g0 down to bedrock.
I1AMIIOO TUDES ARE WATER CAlt-
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Full
8
fill 11 1
m
mMC Quarts
Direct from Distiller to Consumer.
Our entire product Is sold
direct to consumers, you thus
avoid adulteration and mid
dlemen's profits. If you want
pure whiskey for medicinal
purposes or otherwise, read
the following offer. It will
Interest you.
Wo will send four full quart
bottles of llayner's Seven
Year-Old Doublo Copper Dis
tilled RyoWhiskey for $3.20,
Empress Prepaid. Wo ship
in plain packages no marks
to indicate contents. When
you get it and test it, if it
is not satisfactory return it
at our cipenso and we will
return your $3.20.
JfflE
i
hayners
gtVQJ -
msmB
5;
mm
WRITE TO NEAREST ADDRESS
Tlir tIAVMCD niCTII I IMP OH
inC nHmCn UIOI ILLIUU
Wo cuarantco trio ubovo Company
"A HAND SAW IS A GOOD THING, BUT NOT TO
SHAVE WITH."
SAPOLIO
IS THE PROPER THING FOR HOUSE-OLRAN1NC.
llu has biought somo samples ot gold In
with hltn. It Is In Hakes Ulo bran and Ib
absolutely pure.
At ono place tho Moros took him to some
mines which had been worked by their peo
ple forty years ngo, but from which they
hnd been driven by tho Spaniards. The
remains of tbo workings could bo plainly
suit), although largu treed hud grown up
In the pits. Ono of tho captains, who Is
stationed at tho bay of Ulniin, about 100
miles cast ot here, tells mo hu has found
colors In tho sands of tho Rio O ramie liver
and similar nows conies from tho provlaco
cf Da van.
I.ong before this letter In published the
soldiers will bo well established uloug the
northern coast of tho Island. This has beon
tho Eourco of thu most cf tho gold found
hero In tho past and It may bo that valuable
grid discoveries will bo una do thore. Cop
per Is said tn exist In Surlgao and other
piovliico" rwul thero li nlto mild to bo uior
cury In Surlg.io.
I. unit of C'iii'oiiiiiiIm.
Tho real gold mines of Mindanao, how
evor, Ho In Its soil. I cannot descrlbo tho
wonderful vegetation which wo have hero
about Zamboanga. Thoro nro coconnul
troos by tho million, and such cocoanut
trees! They nro from fifty to a bundle
foot high, nnd somo of them bearing, It Is
said, a cocoanut for overy day of tho year.
Thoy wall tho shorn of eastern Mindanao for
miles. You might almost rldo for days horo
and not got out of sight of a cocoanut grovo
Many of tho trees nro notched so that the
men who gather tho nuts walk, as It wtro,
from tho bottom of tho trco to the top on
stops. Thoy tako tho meat from tho nuts,
chop It Into little pieces nnd dry It In the
sun. It Is then known no copra, nnd In this
uliapo is shipped to Europe, whero tho oil
Is pressed from It for uso In tho making of
soap and othor such thing
What would you think of turning a spigot
and getting a glass of wlno from a tree?
Woll, this very thing Is dene down here
Tho natives draw their wlno nnd whisky
from tho cocoanut trees. Thoy cut oft tho
blossoms and fasten to them bamboo tubos,
Into which tho sap runs. Evory sa often
they rcmovo tho tube nnd empty tho liquid
Into another bamboo. After being left for
six hours It begins to ferment and befuro
tho day Is over It Is turned Into n liquor,
which, aa tho Indians say, "will mako tho
drunk como." Tho stuff looks llko elder
and smells to mo soinowhat llko old but-
tormllk. It Is drunk by tho natives both
fresh and formcntcd.
I see many coffee trees In my country
drives nbout Zamboanga. Tho trees grow
easily and produce excellent berries, I un
derstand that tho soil of almost any part
of tho coast will ralso coffee, and If this Is
bo It should be oven bettor In tho moun
tains. Somo of tho best coffoo In tho world
comes from Java, which Is only a few hun
drcd miles to tho southward, nnd It may bo
that this Island Is destined to equal the
groat Dutch colony In Its coffuo plantations
If so, It will support an enormous popula
tion. It Is almost as largo as Java, and
that Island has 24,000,000 pooplo upon It,
about one-third ns many as aro In tho Unite!
States.
Almost anything can bo raised In Minda
nao. I seo banana trees hero up to fifteen
feet high. Thoy towor abovo you, shading
tho ground and producing tho most delicious
fruit. I have visited Inrgo hemp plontn
tlons and am told that somo provinces pro
duce as much as 1,000,000 worth ot hemp
every year. Cacao Is albo raised, and scat
tered hero and thero over tho lowlands aro
sugar plantations. Tho most ot theso aro
In tho hands of Vlsayans, Zamboanguonlans
and Chlnoso, the Moros owning practically
nothing except their villages and cattlo
The country Is a rich grazing country nnd
numbers cf cattlo aro now being sblppod
north to tho Manila market.
FRANK Q. CARPENTER.
7
WHISKEY
for $
.20
Express Charges Prepaid.
One hundred and fifty thou
sand customers throughout
the United States use our
whiskey. Ample testimony
as to Its purity and quality,
is it not f
Save tho enormous profits
YCAn - Ol - "
of the middlemen. ;uclil
whiskey as we offer for $3.20
cannot be had elsewhere for
less than $5. Our distillery
was established In 1866. 33
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Krftrrnre-MMe NaI'I Itonk, I
St. I oulvlhlrd Nflt'ltlank, liton,
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Prwnrvi'H anil hllin Mm tiotli, ulrenKtlii'iiii
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STRONO&CO., Props. .Chlcnuo, U.S.A.
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