ftttM plpf fAP IM t rT > l % 1/ * I TIT
Tilt HIiLO Ot IlECTRIirn
Paper as a Subitltuw for Rubber Insulation
for Underground Cables.
CONTEST OVER THE B'RLINER PATENTS
I'rouri'NN of HIP CnttrIn tin * t.'nltril
.Hair * Circuit Court III Itiintfiii
I in | io r In nt Uc vr I ilium-lit
In OtliiT I.Incn.
V The rapidly-extending use of paper Insu
lation for underground cables of nil types Is
causing the question of rubber supply nnd
price to become of less Importance to cable
manufacturer but rubber Is still used In
largo quantities for deep oa cable Insula
tion , and therefore the discovery and manu-
fncturo of nn artificial substitute for It can
not bu without Interest for n largo proportion
tion of the electrical engineering profession.
Mr. Walter F. Reed , F. I. C. , recently read
a paper before the London section of the So.
clcty of Chemical Industry , In which ho de
scribed the manufacture and usrn of a new
rubber substitute , called "velvrll. " Allud
ing to the possibility of the demand for rub-
her exceeding the supply of the natural
product , Mr. Reid stated that the consump
tion In now estimated to ho CO,000 tons per
annum. The exports from Para show the
greatest Increase , the total shipped from
thin port In 1S98 having been 23,000 tons , an
advance of 3,000 tons upon the total for
UD7. The Singapore variety of natural
rubber shows , however , no such advance ,
and In IfsOS the exports from this port only
amounted tn 2COO tons. As this In the
material most suitable for cable Insulation ,
and ns the last cable laid to New York re
quired over 500 tons , or one-fifth the nnnunl
output , for Insulation , the situation of the
cable manufacturer with regard to the
supply of natural rubber Is seen to ho some
what anomalous.
The now substitute for rubber Is n mix
ture of nitrated linseed oil , or castor oil ,
with ultra-cellulose. The nitrated oil Is
prepared first and Is then mixed with the
nltro-cclluloso. A homogeneous mass Is
obtained , the clastic nnd other properties
of which can bo greatly varied by nltora-
tlons In the proportions of the two constitu
ents. The proportions which yield a product
most closely resembling Para rubber nro
two pints n'ltrated oil and one pint nitro
cellulose. Castor oil yields better results
than linseed oil. The elasticity of the
product ) Is 25 per cent. Its durability Is
greater than that of rubber , n samnlo of
the product , after three years' exposure to
all tbo vicissitudes oC the English climate
In the author's garden , having shown but
slight marks of deterioration. The product
can be molded under heat and pressure or
It can he worked by dissolving In any suit
able solvent and then evaporating the sol
vent. When used for coating cables the
artificial product may cither be applied In
the form of a thick paste , the solvent being
allowed' to evaporate after each coating , or
the aolld product may be applied directly
with the aid of heat and a pressure of fifteen
tons per square Inch , The author considers
ix
that the latter method gives the best re
sults.
The applications of velvrll discussed by
Mr. Reid were ns follows : Machine belting ,
portmanteaus , cnmplng-out sheets , loin
clcths for horses , balloon materials , hose
nnd tubing , cnrdlng wire foundntlons for
spinning rollers , floor Coverings , pnlnts ,
enameled leather und fishing lines. As the
production of this new material has already
entered upon 'tho ' manufacturing stage .Mr.
Reid was able to exhibit samples of Its ap
plication to all the uses named above nnd
ho also Informad his audience that these
were but a selection of the products turned
out by the velvrll factory at Etreatham
Common , S. W.
in .tho discussion which followed the readIng -
Ing ot the paper considerable attention was
directed to the question of the exploslblllty
of the artificial material and ot Its readiness
to become Ignllcd , but 'Mr. ' Reid assured the
Inquirers that velvrll was non-exploslvo and
not moro Inflammable than other organic
products.
Vital Telephone PntfMitn.
Almost everyone who cither uses a tele
phone or wants to use It , but cannot afford
to , Is Interested In the struggle between the
Bell company and certain otllcr corpora
tions which arc accused of Infringing the
Berliner patent , so called. The contest
reached a crisis a few days ago In the
United States circuit court In Boston , and
u decision of considerable Importance Is to
bo expected In the near future. An explana
tion of the vital point of the controversy Is
< tboreforo in order.
Although differing In form nnd outward
appearance the transmitter and receiver ot
Bell were Identical In principle. The orig
inal patent having expired the public U
now free to use that apparatus. The re
ceiver Is Htlll employed by the company
which bears the Invcntor'H name. No Im
provement upon It has been found practica
ble thup far. But long before Bell's exclu
sive rights to his transmitter lapsed a sub-
stltuto had been found for It , specially for
long dlsUnco work. On account of Its
greater sensitiveness tbo "cnrbon" trans
mitter Is now preferred to the original
magneto.
The difference In construction and opera-
tlpii between the two devices Is easily un
derstood , In tbo magneto the bar magnet
Is so adjusted that ono end Is very close
to , but does not quite touch , the thin sheet
of soft Iron that vibrates under the me-
otianlcal Impulses of the speaker's voice.
When this diaphragm approaches the bat.
It Intensifies the latter'B magnetism , In ac
cordance with a well known law , and when
the soft Iron recedes the mngnct Is momen
tarily .weakened. The rapid fluctuations In
magnetism thus produced cause correspond
ing rhanges In the strength of a current of
electricity that ID allowed to flow In a cell
of find copper wire around the magnet. This
current Is led off to the main line. The
wrivcR hero described travel to the receiving
A Non-intoxicating
Malt Extract that is
especially Recom
mended for Wfak
Nerves , Indigestion
and Insomnia.
BLATZ MALJ-Vmi
BUILDS UP A DEPLETED SYSTEM.
HAVE YOU EVKK TKIRD IT ?
- ALL DRUGGISTS -
Prepared by VAL. BLATZ BREWING CO.
{ MIIAV.U KII : , u. s. .v.
Omaha Branch
1412 Douglas St. , v Tel. 1081
Instrument and arc there translated Into
sound.
The carbon transmitter creates the wives
In a different manner. If each wire of an
electrical circuit be provided with n terminal
6t coke or charcoal , nnd these terminals be
brought together so as to touch lightly , a
certain amount of current will now. Hut If
ono terminal be prwsod more vigorously
against the other n greater amount will be
able to pnsn. Now. In the IJIako transmitter ,
which was nice In vogue , the vibrations of
the diaphragm caused by the voice exerted
n varying pressure on bits of carbon ar
ranged ro that n current of electricity could
How through them and thence out onto the
line. Irregularities In the Intensity of the
current resulted , which corresponded In time
nnd degree with the mechanical disturbance
( i of the diaphragm. The fact that variable
pressure on two carbons already In contact
and forming part of the route of an clcotrlc
current would affect a telephone receiver
was discovered by Hughes. No one questions
that fact. And IvdUon embodied the Idea In
1 his microphone. Hut there la n. dispute ns
to the man who first made n successful ap
plication of the principle 1o a telephone
transmitter.
Berliner , who afterward sold his rlehls to
the Hell company , applied for n patent In
1 ? > 77. Kor some mysterious reason the case
lingered In the patent office an extraordinary
| length of time. No' ' until 1891 , Just before
| the original Hell patent was about to o.\-
; plro , was a patent granted to Herllner , thus
prolonging the Hell monopoly for seventeen
years more.
I Not only the legality , but also the honesty
of the transaction has been called In ques
tion. The law department of the govern
ment went so far as to attempt to secure a
decision Invalidating the patent. The case
j was lost. Hut while the federal tribunals
I decided that the commissioner of patents
i was acting within his prerogative , various
I legal nnd technical experts held that the
' Herllner patent was void on other grounds
than those forming the basis of the attorney
general's action. Hence three or four big
corporations decided to use carbon transmit
ters of their own and to Introduce them to
general use. These differed from Berliner's
In detail , but were like It In principal. The
Hell company regarded such a proceeding an
Infringement of their rights and accordingly
the courts have been asked to stop It.
It Is a curious fact that the particular
form of transmitter which Berliner described
In bin application never CIKIIO Into use nt all.
A much better specimen was adopted by the
Bell company , Instead. Scores of carbon
transmitters have been Invented. But the
vital part of the Berliner patent Is that It
covers the fundamental principle of creating
electric waves by varying pressure between
bits of carbon already In contact. If the
court upholds the patent It Is doubtful
whether another attempt will be made to
break It durltig the remaining eight years It
has to run. Hut If * Its validity Is upset a
considerable stimulus will be Imparted to
competition with the Bell people. The old
monopoly , however , still controls a number
ot useful patents on switchboards and other
Incidental apparatus , which would give It
Rome advantage over rivals , even should the
Berliner patent be declared Invalid ,
Siibiinirliic Arc I.lwlit.
Krancls G. Hall , jr. , and T. E. Burdlck.
two Yale boya , have Invented the first suc
cessful mibmergcd or submarine arc light.
Hall and Burdlck became Interested In the
Idea of a ( submarine light nt the time the
battleship Malno was blown up In Havana
harbor , reports the New York Herald. Be
fore the war was over they had Invented a
light that worked successfully at great
depth below the surface of the water. Since
then they have perfestcd their Invention.
The United States government has tested
the lamp and found It highly successful.
Great Britain , Germany nnd Russia have
within the last month placed large orders
for the lights.
Their Invention Is the meat Important
over achieved by undergraduates and It
promises to bring them Into a big business
almcst before they are out ot college. Both
are bright young men. They both came
from Dansvllle , X. Y. , where as children
they played marbles together and made me-
chnnlcal toys.
Soon after the explosion of the Malno
Messrs. Burdlck and Hall , working to
gether , conceived the idea of ( submerging an
arc light to expose and examine the wreck.
It will be readily seen that as an aid to
divers such n contrivance is Invaluable.
Heretofore only Incandescent lamps of
small candle power have been used. The
arc'lamps , however , may bo of any desired
candle power. These tested nt the Now
York navy yard were of about 2,000 candle
power.
Messrs. Burdlck nnd Hall began their ex
periments early In March , 1897 , but were
Interrupted by the war , In which they
served as electricians , assisting In the lay
ing of the mines of New Haven harbor.
The flret requisite for a lamp of this kind
was n watertight Including ease , contain
ing the carbons and an automatic feeding
apparatus , the whole to be EUfllcently
strong to resist any water pressure at
depths varying from ten to two hundred
feet. Another difficulty encountered was
the Internal gas pressure caused by tlie com-
buotlon of the arc. This Is relieved by a
special check valve.
Ho\r Ulcctrluity Kill- . .
Although with the Increasing uao of elec
tricity for power , lighting and chemical pur
poses the world sees Increased precaution
against accident , there are occasional cx-
I ccptlons to the General rule of safety and
I the question how tv powerful electric cur-
I rent acts on a human being la therefore a
matter of vl..al Interest.
Dr. U. II. Cunningham , who has given this
BUbJost a good deal of study within the last
five years , recounts In the Electrical World
experiments which he has made on some of
the lower nnlmalB. These tests lead him
to bollevo that the first and most Immediate
effect of a powerful shock Is to Interrupt
the heart beat. It does so by Impairing the
automatic tendency of the muscles to con
tract rhythmically nnd In unison. An effect
known to physiologists ns "fibrillation" Is
produced. That Is to nay , the separate
libers of muscle that Ebould net together
fall to harmonize and thus neutralize ono
another. Ono result of this quasl-paralysls
Is that the cells of the chief nervous cen
ters , where sense and will reside , IOBO the
i nourishment which the blood supplies and
on which they rely for llfo. Thus robbed ,
they rapidly die. Furthermore , the electric
current often checks respiration. If the
volume Is small and the potential ( or elec
tric pressure ) light this effecv Is only
faintly observed. But stronger currents , es
pecially If prolonged , Interrupts breathing
moru pcsltlvcly and thus lead to iitphyxla.
Convulsions are frequently an attendant
symptom.
The revival of nn animal that had Beam
ingly been killed was effected by Dr. Cun
ningham In the following manner : He
alnuU to restore the activity of the heart
by two agencies ; be Injected Into the ar
teries what U called "dcflbrinated" blood
nnd at the same 'time gently stimulated the
organ with electricity. So much laboratory
proparatlon would bo required to repeat this
pn cJuru In the case of a man that It could
hardly bo employed effectively In cases of
pure accident , unless the necessary means
were close nt band. In consequence of un
usual forethought. It Is. doubtful whether
a central light or power station will ever
bo equipped with those facilities for restor
ing Injured men and It would probably toke
Uo long to carry ono who bad received an
apparently fatal dose of electricity to the
ncareui doctor.
JiiiIuniiMit THYI'N Volil III KniiNim.
TOl'KICA , Knn. . Jan. Jl The Kani-aa
tjupmnu court today Ui"-lnrod unconntltu-
tlunal the law ot Wt taxing judgments ,
THE BRITISH AT NEW ORLEANS ;
Sam' ) Mistakes Made in South Africa as
When Jackson Routed Them.
IGNORANCE OF STRATEGY AND TACTICS
riuiiimrlNiuiN lull show
Tlmtu Honl tin HitItnvi * Yet
Ill-en Fought In .loath ,
Atrlcn.
The anniversary of the bnttle of New-
Orleans , fought January 8 , ISIS , draws from
the pen of Leslie J. Perry , an American
military critic of repute , nn Instructive his
torical review of Jackson's famous victory ,
and n comparison of British strategy and
tactics on the occasion with those now em
ployed by the Hrlllsh In South Africa. Mr.
I'crry contends that British strategy Is the
fa mo now as In 1S15.
In a letter to the St. Louis Olobe-Demo-
crat , Mr. I'erry says :
"It Is really a misnomer to dcnonilnato
as battles the combats In South Africa be
tween the British and Hour forces. Neither
In the number engaged , the losses Incurred
nor the results obtained Is there warrant for
giving them so much consequence. And If
comparoJ In these particulars with a hun
dred modern battles the absurdity Is made
more striking still. Of course , they are
greater than skirmishes or "affairs. " Tech
nically , giving them a strict construction ,
more properly they should bo termed ac
tions or combats , military terms to desig
nate an engagement ranging between nn
| "affair" and a battle. A biittlo , It la true ,
1 la nn action , an affair a combat , In a gen
eral sense , but these three last designa
tions have an accepted meaning which dif
ferentiates between smaller and greater
clashes at arms. Hut Honictlmes a compara
tively small affair In respect of numbers I
engaged and their losses rmsmnos the dig
nity of a battle by reason of Its decisive !
character , not only of the- field Itself , but
of the campaign. In other words , a great
victory may bo won with a small force and
with llttlo Ices. Such was New Orleans In ,
181G au extraordinary victory , which de- i
tcrmlncd the compalgn and saved the city ,
with the loss of Ices than two dozen men. |
McCIellan's Ulch Mountain affair In West j
Virginia , the first Dull Uun , Wilson's Creek I
In Missouri ( the percentage of losses hero '
on both sides was exceptionally heavy , however - j
over ) , Mill Springs In Kentucky and several
other actions of our civil war would como
under thin head.
Mcthucit'M .VIiHiirtl
When Lord Methuen , doubtless still laborIng -
Ing under the excitement of battle , or some
thing ulse , telegraphed the queen in regard
to Modder river that "tho battle was the
bloodiest of the century , " and "the result
was terrible , " he made himself utterly
ridiculous , because It subsequently trans
pired that his total lostes aggregated no
moro than 726 killed and wounded , besides
which some seventy were missing , although
this "bloodiest battle of the century , " lasted
through ten hours of "desperate fighting. "
Further belittling the matter , It also ap
pears that the Boers lost fewer men and
that no decisive result was obtained by
either party. Methuen's entire force was
under fire. As his command aggregated
from 7,000 to 8,000 men , his percentage of
losses was very small , comparatively. Of
course , more men were killed and wounded
than usually fall In a street riot ; neverthe
less , to have called a ten hours' artillery
duel followed by a llttlo Infantry fighting
at the close , a battle , was greatly stretchIng -
Ing the meaning of that much abused word ,
and to have denominated such work the
"bloodiest ibattle of the century" was reachIng -
Ing the very highest of hysterical antl-cll-
max. "
The same remarks hold good In consider
ing General Butler's repulse at Colenso ,
where the total less amounted to 917 killed ;
and wounded and 221 missing , the latter '
nearly all prisoners. "So terrible , " as one
correspondent styled It , "was the fire of the
Boer rifles that It seemed Inconceivable
that mortal man could continue to advance
In the face of It. " Bullcr's "brittle" did
! not last so long , but he lost a few more
men than Methuen , besides most cf his ar
tillery , and was repulsed , but he did not
lose his head and dispatch the queen that
It was the bloodiest battle of the cen-
j tury.
There Is a singular parallel between the
British-Boer "battles" In South Africa , ex
cept In the terrible particular of losses and
disastrous results , and the British opera
tions 'before New Orleans , to which I will
presently call attention. Meanwhile It Is '
to bo noted that New Orleans was a far
bloodier affair to the English than the fights
of Methuen and Buller combined , besides
j which It resulted In the Irremediable defeat
I of their objective , and secret retreat from ]
the vlckilty. Neither Buller nor Methuen i
was defeated ; they were merely repulsed. I
Indeed , Methuen at least madea show of |
advancing. But It must be admitted that
their Immediate plan of operations was entirely -
, tirely frustrated and their forces brought
to a standstill. But they remained In the
vicinity maturing other designs and prepar
ing for another onset.
But at Now Orleans a force of British
veterans of the Napoleonic wnrs about equal
to that of Methuen at Modder river. In a
similar foolhardy attack on a fortified po
sition , was defeated In thirty minutes by
half their number of Tennessee , Kentucky ,
Mississippi and Louisiana volunteers , mainly
riflemen and unerring shots , like the B-ers.
In that awful thirty minutes 700 British
soldiers were killed dead on the plain In
front of the American lines and 1,400 more i
were wounded. Besides these , some BOO prls- 1
oners were captured.
nrntriiudon lit Xriv OrlrniiN.
The British newopapers point with sad
pride to the unusual loss In officers In these
i South African combats , It has certainly j
been great. Metluien , slightly woundea I
himself , lost sixty-one officers killed ana ' ,
1 wounded nt Modder river. But at New ,
i Orleans the British c-immander-ln-chlef ,
! General Sir Edward Packcnham , was killed
I within 150 yards of the American lines- ,
! Major General Glbbs mortally wounded ,
dying next day ; Major General Keane , serl-
! ously wounded , and eight colonels and lieu-
i tenant colonels , six majors , eighteen cap- j
, ' tains end fifty-four subalterns beside * |
killed and wounded , not during the course !
i
' of a whole day's leisurely fighting , but In j
thirty minutes of what General Sherman
' called "hell. " New Orleans was llttlo lens >
than a massacre , not a battle , except In j
I the aspect of the enormous results achieved
by General Jackson , because his lens. whlU
I Inflicting nil this damage , was only eight
I men killed and thirteen wounded. One stands
' nghaet at the terrible discrepancy , lost In
wonder as to how a combat could be so
, contrived , even by agreement , that one side
1 should have moro than 2,000 men struck
down and the other only two dozen. To
' the cniisnl observer It Is simply Incom
prehensible. In his ten hours' "desperate
fighting" against the Boers' Intrenched po
sition Methuen'e losses at Modder river pale
! Into Insignificance bcsldp these bloody fig
ures of New Orleans. Hut It Is In be said
' In Mothucn's behalf that , like Packenham ,
: although he attacked exactly at the point
where they were best prepared for him , he
Inflicted moro serious lessen on the Boers
i than Jncks-n'fl riflemen suffered frtxii Pack-
' rnham at New Orleans.
I In all these various comparisons and anl-
j madvcrtlong from whatever source , there In
, no question of the unblenchlng quality of
IlrltUh courage. It has been demonstrated
on too many fields. It wag Just as con
spicuously manifested at Modder river and
Oolcnso as at Waterloo and New Orleans.
The Idea Is to show that In this Doer war
It has not been yet subjected to the- supreme
premo test nor staggered by any great
blood-letting episode like a great battle.
When their final effort comes n catastrophe
llko New Orleans would wind up the war
and out of the ruins would rise up the
Dutch Republic of South Africa , perhaps
eventually all of Africa. Who knows ? But
after the moderate lessons they have al
ready received In this campaign It Is not
likely the English will repeat the New
'
Orleans tragedy of'eighty-five years ago.
Ulnrruiiril iif Strntruj- .
Tim analogy spoken of nbovo between
British generalship and methods of attack
today In South Africa and those displayed
In the New Orleans campaign lies In the
'
utter disregard of strategy and bntllo tactics -
tics with n view to the saving of llfo as
well ns success , and plunging their com
mands with brutal recklessness squarely
against Impregnable positions , with the
Inevitable result that men and officers are
shot down llko pigeons by n concealed foe
who como off comparatively unhurt. That
was over the English way. H lies , also In
the quality of the foe they are contending
against , and the fatal mistake made of
holding them too cheaply , both as to valor
and efficiency. The Boers are not drilled |
soldiers , but Irregular mllltla. They were
pioneers In a new land , farmers and shep
herds and ns hunters have been familiar
With flroams all their lives.
Such , too , were Andrew Jackson's hardy
backwoodsmen , reinforced by a battalion j
or two of regulars and the patriotic vol
unteers of New Orleans. With these non-
dcecrlpts he beat back Wellington's Penin
sular veterans and drove them beyond the
limits of Louisiana. These American pioneers
neers were undisciplined , but brave and en
terprising. They were dead shots with the
rifle. In nil the other attributes of man
hood and civilization Jackson's Tennessee-
nus , Kcntucklaus , Loulsianlnns and Missis-
ulpplans were far In advance of the slow
and thick-headed Boers of our day. But In
lighting desideratum they were similar to
the Dutch race which , eighty-live years
afterward , Is contending on another conti
nent against the same fee and meeting
them precisely as they were mot and van
quished nt New Orleans. H may , Indeed , bo
that Oem Paul and his general , Joubcrt ,
have read and nro npplylng the lesson of
New Orlcnns.
Events have made It certain that in nil
South Africa there Is no Andrew Jackson.
Jackson's military successes were not the
result of blundering accident. Ho was the
next thing to a military genius. His ac
tivity In preparation , his Intuitive judgment
and quick decision , the ready ability with
which he "adapted his means of defense most
shrewdly to the character of his own forces
no loss than to that of the enemy , " stamp
the American leader as the master of any of
the American commanders , be he British or
Beer. There was an electrical something
about his personal presence that made for
victory. With the British fleet of trans
ports oft the coast of Now Orleans naro
of troops , and no considerable force within
2f.r . miles. Jackson's mere arrival upon the
scene , to take measures for the defense , In
spired the desponding with confidence. It
called Into action the latent energies of the
loyal people of New Orleans.
JllCkNOIl'N KlIlTKS" '
Nor again have either the British or Boer
movements been marked with the fierce en
ergy that charactorlzed the concentration
of the American army for the defense of
Now Orleans. Jackson at the head of the
Boers , a people admirably fitted for the
purposes of such a commander , would have
driven the British to the wall within four
weeks after the Boer declaration of war.
The very hour the. Dutch ultimatum ex
pired , Jackson would have been ready and
doubtless struck a mortal blow. It is al
most impossible to 'cNJrtfpreJiond now the
difficulties under which Jackson's defensive
campaign was prosecuted , nor the quick
wisdom of nearly all his measures , or the
magnitude of his victory.
To General Coffee , one of his old and
tried lieutenants , then near Baton Rouge ,
coming on with reinforcements , Jackson
wrote : "You must not sleep until you reaca
me , or arrive within striking distance. "
Coffee marched 120 miles In two days and
arrived In ample time. Under similar ad
monitions Colonel Hinds' Mississippi dra
goons marched 230 miles In four days. Gen
eral Carroll with his division was also
urged to hurry forward. To Carroll Jack
son' used thle lagnage : "I am resolved ,
feeble ns my force Is , to assail blm on Ills
first landing and perish sooner than he
shall reach the city. " Carroll , too , marched
with rapidity and arrived In time. Such
was Jackson and such the elements at his
command in that great crisis In American
history. Ills followers wore not veterans
like Packenham's , but they were flghtoM.
Without uniforms , one-third ot them un
armed , Inadequately equipped and clothed
as they were , Jackson was yet confident
of success from the first. He believed ho
could capture the whole British army. At
all events his followers were convinced
that ho was thus confident , which was half
the secret of bis success.
It Is recorded as a fact that Jackson
never slept for five consecutive days and >
nights. Ho was surmounted by a largo dls- '
affected clement and many spies. It must j
not be forgotten that the British Invasion |
occurred only twelve years after the Lou
isiana purchase. The French Creoles were
trui * . and loyal , bitterly opposed to the
English , but there were some foreign
Frenchmen who were lukewarm , even se
cretly favorable to a British conquest , because -
cause England had ovcrthrjwn Napoleon and
restored the Bourbons. There were also
a good many disaffected Spaniards. To
these doubtful elements Jackson Issued n
proclamation , In which he slid :
"Dellovo not that the threatened Invasion
Is with n view to restore the country to
Spain. It Is founded In design and a sup
position that you would be willing to re
turn to your ancient government. Listen
not to such Incredible talcs ; our govern- j
mcnt la nt pence with Spain. It ls your i
vital enemy , the common enemy of mankind - I
kind , the highway robber of the world , that |
has sent his hirelings among you to put .
you from your guard , that you may fall j
an easier prey. "
It Is true that the English believed they !
would bo aided with the sympathy , If not
active HUpport , of the greater part of the
Inhabitants of Louisiana. In thin they wore
woefully deceived. It Is well that the outline
of the story of New Orleans Is so generally
familiar. There Is no deslro and no neces
sity to go Into a hackneyed account of thu
battle In proof that nothing like It has taken
place In Sruth Africa , except the same bull- ,
luadcd English generalship which gives bat- j
tic exactly where the enemy moat desires j
It , and also In tbo deliberate co-lnoss of !
the Boers In defensive battle. But there
are n few general observations which maybe
bo Interesting.
The KnalUh Alluck.
Recently I read a learned disquisition on ,
the vulnerability of American ports to the j
attack of a maritime enemy. In which tbo i
writer gravely alluded to the approach of
the British tquadron upon Now Orleans by
way cf the Mississippi river. The British '
did not come up the river , as many sup- |
pose. Their approach was effected by I
barges through the shallow Lake Borgne , ]
and they landed on the shores of Bayou !
Dlcnvenu. It In supposed they were guided
by come Spanish fishermen , But , at any
rate , on December 23 , 18U. they unexpect
edly emerged from the cypress swamp about
seven miles below New Orieans and Imme
diately occupied the high ground of the
plantations on the shores of the river , along
which they must move to an attack. There
was no chance for maneuvering , the ground
was a flat plain ,
It IB the general opinion of military e -
pert that the city nt this time would have
fallen an easy prey had the British com-
manner promptly delivered his attack. But
there was no Jarksonlnn energy on that
side. That very night Jackson attacked
them furiously In the darknew on front ,
flank and rear , and very nearly stampeded
the whole force. He sustained considerable
loss , but Inflicted severer losses on the
enemy. It Increased the morale of his own
troops and correspondingly depressed the
enemy , who were astounded nt the boldness
and persistency of this remarkable night at
tack. It really won the final victory through
these causes. H demonstrated the power of
will , courage and confidence over the multi
tude , and from that memorable night Jack
son's army had the faith of victory. He
continued to harass the enemy by night
alarms , cannonading from shipping In the
river and In every conceivable manner. In
stead of attacking nt once , these bold opera
tions rf nn enemy heretofore held In llttlo
esteem caused the British to hesitate , and
their final efforts were not made until Jan
uary S , moro than two weeks nfler they nr-
rived within striking distance.
Between the river and the swamp the
plain was about a mile wldo. Jackson's
task was easy. If the British held to this
line , nnd It was about the only thing now
In sight. Ho placed his troops In positions
across 'this ' narrow neck between a canal ,
the dirt of which had been thrown up on
the upper side. This embankment was
greatly strengthened. It could not. . be
flanked , because nn Impassable swnmp de
fended It on one side nnd the river on the
other. Jackson's breastworks were not
made of cotton bales as Is popularly sup
posed. It was n mud breastwork. It Is
true that some cotton boles were nt first
employed , but the British batteries , In the
first attack , knocked these BO quickly out
of place , soiling them cm lire , that they
were discarded entirely. The British like
wise used hogsheads of sugar for fortifying
ngalnst our artillery fire , which was most
effective , but the cannon shot penetrated
them easily , killing men In the midst of the
batteries , nnd they , itoo , gave place to other
materials.
Hero , then , was n Una made almost Im
pregnable , with a ditch In front , In Itself
difficult to cross and is is said that If it
had been undefended It would have been
aln.ost Impossible for the British Infantry
to climb the slippery breastwork weighted
with their muskets and accoutrements. But
behind It were some of the finest marksmen
In the world lying In wait for the British to
arrive within roach of their rifles. Here was
exactly where General Jackson desired them
to come , Just ns the Boers desired Methuen
to attack their fortified line nt Modder
river , or Buller that at Colenso. And Just
as Methuen and Buller met their wishes In
South Africa , so did Packenham agreeably
meet Jackson's wishes at New Orleans Ho
bravely charged this fatal line , nnd ' his
army was literally torn In pieces In half an
hour and he paid with his llfo the penalty
of his Ill-judged rnshnofs.
Will British generals never learn any
thing ?
IRON INDUSTRY IS WAITING
KhortnKc of Fuel anil IH-Mrc of llnycm
to Tout the Mnrlcvt the A -
CaiiHf.
NEW YORK , Jan. 11. Discussing the con
dition of the Iron and metal trades the
Iron Age will say today : "Owing to the
fact that a considerable number of southern
blast furnaces were banked' during the holi
days our blast furnace reiturns for the first
of this month show that productive capacity
cn'lcrcd the New Year at a smaller rate
than It was early In December. This ,
however , Is only a temporary matter. Slowly
a number of additional stacks nro getting
ready for work and the output Is likely to
go on Increasing , provided , however , that
there be no accidents. Just now the fuel
supply Is getting to be serious. Wo hear
of banking now and there Is much signifi
cance , too. In the report that the famous
Edgar-Thomson coke pile must bo drawn
upon. In other words , the least derange
ment In the clockwork movement In the pig
Iron Industry promptly checks the current
enormous production.
"Im foundry Irons itho market Is prac
tically at n deadlock. Important consuming
Interests are holding off to test the resist
ance of makers , while the majority of the
latter are indifferent.
"The steel market Is exceedingly dull. In
finished material /there / Is tome stiffening ,
notably In the west , where nn understand
ing among leading Interests seems to have
boon reached on the prices of bars nnd of
skelp.
"A better feeling prevails In the sheet
trade. Isaac W. Frank of I'lttsburg has
again been appointed 'to rocelvo options on
the sheet mills and has a number of them
which explro on April 1. It seems that even
If Eomo large interests In the Plttsburg dis
tricts do not join the work of consolidation
Is to go forward.
"In structural material and In plates busi
ness has been rather quiet lately.
"Since the opening of the year a consider
able number of announcements of Increases
In wages have been made. In nearly every
case they deal with very largo bodies of
men , who are thus sharing In the prosperity
of the Iron trade. "
NO OTHER COURSE IS OPEN
Itahhl Hlrscli HviilnliiN HIM I'liHltlon
011 H\IIIIIINOM | I'rcxlilcnf Mc-Kln-
! < > HUN A i-oil M'lNdy.
JIARYVILU2 , Mo. , Jan. 11. Rabbi Umll
O. Hlrsch of Chicago , who lectured at the
Christian church In Mnryvlllo tonight , eald
that hlB position on the question of ex
pansion had been generally misinterpreted
by the press of the country.
"I am nn anti-expansionist , " ho said , "In
the ecnso that I am opposed to the perma
nent retention of the Philippine Islands , but
I frankly say that I do not know what
course I'rceldent .MeKlnley and his adminis
tration could have taken other than the ono
It haa. I greatly doubt the wisdom of per
manently Incorporating the Philippines Into
our territory ; but I don't think any good
or Eolf-reBpectlnR American believes our
fioldlcrn should be made to drop their cuns
In the presence of the enemy and run. If
Dewcy had nailed away from Manila after
smashing ths Spanish fleet , wo wculd not
have had thlu Munition to bother us ; but
Blnco he did nut , wo must ax'sumo thu re
sponsibility of ftlvlng those people good gov
ernment. If wo wore to withdraw from them
now , .any government they might Bet up
would spot-dlly fall , and they would BOOH
do something which would lead Germany
or Knglund to alnorb them , inilcas we chose
to Interfere with the bayonet. When the
treaty was adopted the Islands bccamo
American territory and I'rcnldent McKInluy
had to protect them ns ho has to protect nil
other American territory. I think the casl-
est and bebt way out of It would bo to
speedily put down the Insurrection and then
establish a government giving the largest
meaauro of self-government they are fitted
for , gradually removing the pressure from
without , as the)1 become moro capable and
willing to obey the lawn nnd obecrvo civ
ilized usages. "
CASTOR ! A.
For Infanta aud Children.
ine Kind You Have Always Bought
Bears the
Signature of
Use as much of the fine , pure lather of Ivory Soap
as you please , the more the better , and greater the
pleasure. There's nothing in Ivory Soap to injure the
most delicate skin. It improves the complexion by
cleansing the pores of all impurities.
IT FLOATS.
OOPvmOHT I8 Or THI PflOCttK 1 QAMOLI CO. CINCIXN4TI
SIRS SEEKING ADJUSTMENT
J. B. Kitchen is ( hlled to Acojuut for the
Estate of His Dead Brother.
ACTION IS STARTED IN PROBATE COURT
CIlznlirOiV1inlfii mill Her SOIIM Flic
I'vtltliin AxUliiK Hint .11 r. Kitchen
lie Itcniovcil 11 N Hxouiitor
or the Kutiitc.
Elizabeth Whalen and her minor sons ,
Wallace and Herbert , have Instituted pro
ceedings In the probate court before Judge
Vlnsotihaler asking that J. B. Kitchen be
removed as executor of the estate of the late
Richard Kitchen , Irregularity Is alleged
and the petition abounds In charges that
border closely upon the sensational.
The Interest claimed by Elizabeth Whalen
and her children In the estate of the late
Richard Kitchen Is an old story that has
been told and retold , there having been
former court proceedings. The woman sets '
forth that Richard Kitchen was the father
of her two sons , and that when he died June
20 , 1890 , he loft a will In which he bequeathed
to her $3.000 cash and a life Interest In val
uable lands situate In hcavcuworth county ,
Kansas , and that to each of the children he
loft a $10,000 cash legacy , besides diamonds
and an Interest In the Kansas land.
Getting down to the point at Issue the
petitioner alleges that J. B. Kitchen , as
executor , has not settled the cctato as was
directed by the last will and testament of
the deceased ; that by the terms of the will
settlement should have been made within
tbrea years , nnd now , after nearly ten years ,
the case Is Htlll pending.
The petition Is a voluminous document ,
covering several pages of closely typewritten
matter ; In which the history of the Kitchen | !
estate Is reviewed. | '
After an examination of the showing made
In the petition Judge Vlnsonhaler Issued nn
order directing J. B. Kitchen to appear before -
fore him at 0 o'clock on 'the ' morning of ,
January 18 ito show cause why the prayer of
the petitioner should not be granted. The
petition Includes the request that In the
event of fllr. Kitchen's removal some dis
interested person be appointed executor.
TONY IIVDUCK IS IISCII.YH < ] K .
Xo Evidence to Prove Him Oiillty of
Inrcrny IIN Ilnlli-c.
Tony Hydock , a South Omaha policeman ,
was before Judge Vinsonhnlcr In the county
court for preliminary trial on the charge
of larceny as bailee. George P. Scott was
the prosecuting witness.
On the witness stand Scott swore that he
was arrested In South Omaha a few weeks
ago on the charge of participating In a sa
loon disturbance and that ho was locked Up
In the city jail. Hydock was tbo turnkey.
At the time of his arrest Scott says ho had
on his person $71 , besides seme silver change
amounting to a few dollars. Ho declares
that Hydcck searched him , as Is the custom
at all police stations before a prisoner Is
committed , and that after his release the
next day ho was unable to find any trace
of his $71. The silver change was returned
to him. Ho charged 'that ' Hydock took the
n-oney.
At the conclusion of the preliminary hear
ing Hydock was released. It having been
tui.abllsbod that Scott'a money had passed
through several other hands and the court
held that there was no evidence to fasten
the Irregularity upon Hydoek.
\ ( > < I-M of Hit' Court * .
Judge Dickinson of the equity court has
recovered from his recent Illnegp.
District court for the September term has
ndjournrd and will not be In session again
until Kcbruury.
Martha Welmor has surd thi > street rnll-
wny company for Jl.f.OO dntmiRcit for alleged
personal Injuries rot-clved while alighting'
from a rummer enr.
The ease of Holmes , the alleged forger of
railroad tickets , Is srt for trial In
the county cotiri lipfjro Judge Vliisdiihaler
and will lie called us soon no another cam * .
Is out of tbi ! way.
HARASSING THE MEXICANS
Yintiil Iiiillnnn llolithiR- Their Own
Kovcriiiiiciit
CHICAGO , Jan. 11. A special to the Rec
ord from Ortiz , Mox. , aaye : Small bands
of Ynqul Indians have become very annoy
ing to the Mexican troops during the last
few days ntid frequent skirmishes have oc
curred. A few nights ago 100 Indians
boldly rode Into the corral nnd stampeded
over 200 horses belonging to the troops. The
Indians afterward captured the anlmalR for
their own uso. It Is akiiost Impossible to
get supplies to the troops , owing to the
Yaqula' guerrilla tactics. General Torres'
men are living on the country and there
nro times when they must suffer severely for
lack of food. Americans who have como
from the Yaqut country eay th'o troops have
made no headway toward putting down the
rebellion.
Son , of nil Ohio Merchant Cured of
Chronic Diarrhoea.
My son has been troubled for years wltH
chronic diarrhoea. Some time ago I per-
suadcd him to take some of Chamberlain's
Colic , Cholera nnd Diarrhoea Remedy.
After using two bottles of the 25-ccnt lzo
ho was cured. I give this testimonial , hopIng -
Ing some ono plmllarly aflllcted may read It
and bo benefited. THOMAS C. DOWER ,
Glencoe , Ohl .
Cupping
Gups
Like cut
60 cents
each ,
postage
10 cents.
W fssua a complete catalogue of all
upplloe , and will mall It upon request
THE AlOE & PENfOLD CO. ,
Lurireit Retail JUrnir Home.
1408 Fnrnam. OMAUA.
OPPOSITE PAXTON UOTKL
How's ' Your Uncle ?
I Drpx K. Sliooninn lias tlio muscle anil
j thu filiouH for tin- men of muscle A tlira ;
soli * und ton Khoo with a good , liroud ,
coiiifortahlu toe-in the latest style only
Just the shoo tor outdoor porvlce i > o-
llrumnn imillmannni i'tlr tlrcinan
motormaii and mcchanli. wo ran lucom-
nunid thPin as the host shoo wo over
sold for .fU.no-flonulne calfskin nnperrf
and hest i-unllty of Hok'Uwther soles-
There are hundreds of pairs of those
SU.fiO shoes worn In Omaha today and
the same men liny them a > ? aln and
again.
Drexel Shoe Co. ,
Up-to-date Shoe
tail ) FAKNAM STttKJST
Special Piano Bargains-
! have never lieen more In evidences than
| nt thla clPurlnK out piano Halo of ours-
Think of buying an absolutely reliable
i instrument for ? l'jr.-ii8 . ! : and tii-soino |
tiKCd-bnt the
1 are now anil soiiio Hllslitly
lirlL-o l the Binno for monthly jmymcntu
i i\a \ for c'HBli The Knahu iilano used at
! the Scalchl wmrort hiHt nl ht IUIH apiln
demonstrated that thlH liiHtruincnt In
the favorite with the nrtlHts HH tone
qualities nnd Its HtiKtalnln ivcr i > 1110
the adnilratlon of the iniiHk-al critlu
HPO thnni at
atA.
A. HOSPE ,
Music and Art 1513 Douglas.
