THE OMAHA DAILY BEE : FRIDAY , JUNE 23 ,
THE FIELD OF ELECTRICITY
Dwlopmint of the Modern Marvel in a
Quarter of a Century ,
AMERICAN AS AN INDUSTRIAL GIANT
Irmlrurllv r Itrvlcvr ( I'roKrrnn lit
One Orimrtnicnt or llumnii Avttt-
lt > CniiKr nf HUiInc In
Vru Inniif > ,
The icccnt electrical exposition held In
New York City brought into review tljo
marvelous development of electricity s a
power and Innumerable appliances by which
the current contributes to the industrial
progress of the nation and to the comfort
of mankind. Statistics compiled by the
New York Herald , ancnt the exposition ,
* hovv the enormous development of electri
cal Industries and the capital Invested :
Invested
Ciiiiltnl.
DM electric railway * , aggregat
ing H.KO miles . $ S . ( W,000
2.S3S electric Hcht ttntifll Bin-
lions . 335,150.518
55,000 private electric llehtliiK
plants . S7.500.000
Power transmission f75MK > mo
tors In UPC ) . I50.t 10.000
I'lectrlcal flpparattm In mining. 125,0"0OW
Telegraph , telephone , ctr . . . OnO.000,000
Total . $2l
All this wonderful progrfes rclatr > s the
Herald , bns taken place during this last
quatler of a century. The development of
clectro-tticmlstry Is shown by the produc
tion of chemical compounds bj njeans of
electricity. Its use In the home IB demon
strated by an extensive heating and cookIng -
Ing outfit , Including an electric Incubator
and numerous protective and annunciator
devices. Besides these easily classified ex-
hlbltt , we find Innumerable ones which rep-
rctent ae manj diversified uses of the elcc-
trlc"current , such as smelting , welding ,
theatrical embroidering and plating , and
electrical Journalism and education by cor
respondence have numerous rcpre cntatlvcs
to laud thflr pralacs and point out ttielr
relative advantages.
TliiTrloKi uplilr Nctvtorl .
The telegraph , which may be called the
pioneer In modern electrical engineering ,
has made rapid strides within the first dec
ade , and there are now about nine hundred
thousand miles of overhead wire In the
United States emplojed for telegraphic pur
poses. Over these lines about eighty million
messages arc sent annual ! v between about
twenty-three thousand offices , and this in
splto of the fact that the telephone has
robbed the telegraph wire of many of its
communications The average toll for these
messages Is In the neighborhood of 30 cents ,
making Ihe total amount expended bv the
people for telegraphic messages In one year
$24,000,000. ! n 1898 the total length of
telegraphic wire In the world reached , ap
proximately , three million miles , and the
total length of pole line was about one
million two hundred and fifty thousand
miles. The present total length of subma
rine cables ovtr the world Is about one
hundred and fifty thousand miles
Means have been devised within recent
years , however , to loner the first cost of in
stallation of a telegraphic plant and to In-
crease the speed of transmission. The first
has been accompllshe-,1 by the discovery of
wireless telegraphy by Marconi , and already
messages have been sent across the Enllbh
channel without wires The latter has been
brought about by the Delaijy multiplex ma
chine telegraph , by means of which 3,000
words con be sent over the wire In one
minute. Think of the effect which the Intro
duction of such a sjstom 'will ' have on the
scrVlce of Iho country and'6n"the com
mercial and newspaper Interests of the
world.
f
The Telephone.
But two decades have passed since the
telephone was exhibited publicly for the first
time In the United States , yet during this
time Its growth In this country has been
BO rapid that about 750,000 telephones are
in use today , through which about 730,000,000
conversations are carried' on annuall )
through the telephone exchanges The dis
tance to which articulate speech can he
transmitted has already reached 1,500 miles ,
and there is no reason why this should be
the limit , with the Marconi sj-stem ncarlng
perfection
The well known fact need not be reiter
ated here that the electrically equipped roads
In this country are far in excess of all the
horse and cable roads combined , and th >
change from the latter to the former Is con
stantly taking place. Trolley lines for su
burban service are being constructed as
quickly as the material for thpm ran be
supplied , but for city use the conduit , third
rail , surface contact or storage battery sys
tems will triumph in the end Elevated
f
roads are changing their motive power from
steam to electricity , and in Chicago the lat
ter power has long since proven Its superi
ority. Underground roads are finding more
favor slhce electricity has been eraplojed
and thA tunnel Is kept free of smoke and
the air not vitiated. Electric locomotives
nre being constructed In large numbers and
heavy trains are being hauled dallj fry the
nln'etj--flve-ton electric locomotives in the
Baltimore & Ohio tunnel , in Baltimore Llt-
tl * need bo added here to what has been
said within recent months on tbo.tiubject of
automobiles , except that It offers most lu
crative Inducements to electrical engineers
and already represents an Industry with an
InvcstM capital of over $250,000,000.
Klectrle I.lKhtliiHT Indimtr ; .
Yearly the Incandescent lamp has been
brought to a greater state of perfection and
Its efficiency has been Increased so that now
It has reached a point of what may be called
maximum eflMencj. The are lamp , however ,
has been wonderfully Improved within recent
year * by the Introduction of an Inner air
tight globe , which enables the lamp to burn
for over 200 hours with ono trimming.
Vacuum tube lighting by means of currents
of high frequency and without the ufro of
wires has been developed enormousj ! within
the last few jears and we may confident ! )
expect to sec a practical system within a
short period of time. The latest develop
ment In electric lighting , however , and one
which may revolutionize the art , Is the
Ncrnat lamp , which consists of a strip of
lime , magnesia or zlrconla or other of the
rare metals , brought to an Intense white
heat , which Is maintained as long as the
current is kept on. The new lamp needs no
covering whatever and can be operated Just
It stands on either alternating or continuous
circuits at a very high efficiency.
Perhaps the best proof of the development
of the electlrlcal Industries In this country
and the superiority of our products can be
gathered from the astounding fact that elec
trical machinery to the- amount of $5,500,000
was exported to foreign countries last year.
The electrical Imports Into the country dur-
| Asthe mercai
goes up
Hires
f oot tee ]
goes
'
iowi'
Till IH1IUS I. lilkl.il lOlfASl. niU < iltUt.
lUiltl It iUMl Cotlitlll kl I ,
Itlft the jear wer * worth about JSOO.OOC The
vafuc of the machinery and apparntui manu
factured In the United Stales during the year
1S98 for use In ele'irlcal plant * nai about
KO.000.000 In fact , after vears of standstill ,
there It a general awakening ell over Europe
to the value of American made electrical
equipment , and olp'trlo street railass.
electric ll ; ht plants and telephone stations
are cprlnglnR into existence month by
month.
nttt After all we may well ask ourselves
the questions What Is electricity ? What U
the ether * What will the more direct and
economical production of electricity consist
oft When the steam engine will have been
relegated to the strap heap , will electricity
be produced direct from coal , the dream of
the philosopher and scientist , or will electro
chemistry BOVC this great mystery of na
ture ? This l the problem of the future ,
which o many thojsands are trying to solve
and the fortunatr < one who will discover the
combination which locks the secret Into na
ture's storehouse vvlll revolutionize existing
conditions and enable us to better study the
effects of electricity and utilize It for the
Improvement and advancement of mankind.
UlnnliiK of the Vru I.nini. |
At a recent meeting of Uie Institution of
Electric Engineers at Philadelphia a paper
was read toy Mrs Ajrton describing experi
ments on that curious phenomenon , "The
Hissing of the Electric Arc. " It Is not in
frequently n eerted that only short arcs hiss ,
but Mr * . Ayrton has shown that , under
suitable conditions , arce of any length may
be made to do so. A remarkable drop In
the potential between the lamp terminals
alwa > s Accompanies the hissing and this po-
ttntlid afterwards remains constant , vvhlla
the currents may be varied through wide
limits , As to the cause of Ihe hissing , Mr * > .
Ajrton attributes It to the spreading of the
arc crater over the sides of the positive
carbon.
So long as the crater Is confined to the
end of the carbon hissing does not occur ,
but as the current Is Increased th's crater
spreads , finally overlapping the carbon sides.
The potential then drops and hlesing takes
iilacc. A thoroughly inclosed arc cannot ,
however , be made to hiss , as the phenome
non seems to be dependent on direct con
tact between the air and the crater. This
\\I\R \ shown by a aerie ? of experiments , in
which a hollow positive carbon was em-
; iloed Air was blown through this and
thus came In direct contact with the crater ,
and with this arrangement arcs of any
length could be made to hiss. When oxy
gen was substituted for air the same phe
nomenon was witnessed , tut nitrogen
proved Ineffective. Hjdrogen , on the other
tinnd , had a similar action to air , but the
accompanying drop of potential was but six
and one-half volts. In place of ten. While
this was the case with an open arc , hdro-
gen proved as innocuous ae nitrogen when
the arc was Inclosed.
The peculiar action of this gas is still
being Investigated. From Mrs. Ayrton'u rc-
eearchB It would seem that the fluted carbons
bens commonly emplojed In lighthouse ?
should be peculiar ! ) liable to hlf > 3 , as the
air then gets easy access to the crater.
This , as a matter of fact , Is the case , but
the noUe caused seems to be the main ob
jection to their use , as they burn steadily
enough Moreover , the very features which
She the air accefB to the glowing crater
are equally effective In letting the light
pass out , while with the common type of
carbon much light Is stopped by the crater
walls.
MnrtliiK " Ilnlky Ilorxr.
A Pennsylvania gentleman owned a horse
that would have been valuable but for what
seem an Ineradicable vice of balking , sas
the Youth's Companion. A friend suggested
that electricity might cure him.
The gentleman purchased a umall storage
battery , connected It by wires to the bit and
crupper and placed it In the cart towhich
the horfle was attached. As was antici
pated , the horse refused to move and stood
with all four feet braced.
Then the owner touched the button con
nected with the batterWhin the horse
felt the shock he snorted , Jumped and began
to move off at a lively pace. Every day for
a week he was treated to the same lesson.
As a result his owner declares that the
horee Is completely cured of his evil was.
The West Pennsylvania Humane society ,
which Investigated the gentleman's method ,
came to the conclusion that a small amount
of electricity used In this way -was more
humane than a whip.
BALDWIN TO SUCCEED BECK
Acllnpr Inspector Cieiternl for Thin
Deimrtmrnt Will HnVe Illn
Ilonilinmrler * In Dent er.
Captain Frank J ) . Baldwin , Fifth infantrj- ,
has been ordered to report to the com
manding general of the Department of
Colorado for duty as acting Inspector gen
eral of that department and also for the
Department of the Missouri This is sup
posed to indicate there will be no Inspector
geheral located at army headquarters In
this city for the present Captain W. H.
Beck , who has been acting in that capacitj ,
Is under orders to Join his regiment at
Manzanlllo , Cuba.
The Second United States volunteer Infantry -
fantry Is being mustered out at Tort Meade ,
This li < Lieutenant L A. Dorrington's regi
ment and he will be mustered out of the
service ftt the same time. The lieutenant
has been doing detached service at army
headquarters In this city since his return
from Chlckamauga last fall.
An American product that excels all for
eign make is Cook's Imperial Extra Drj- .
Boquet perfect.
Mortality MntUtle * .
The following births and deaths have been
reported to the office of the Health com
missioner during the last forty-eight hours.
Births Charles E. Lathrop' , 1401 North
Twenty-fifth street , girl , George Swanacn ,
Gibson street , girl.
Deaths Mrs Sarah Ilosseaw , 1112 Sher
man avenue. 35 years , Ethel Bower , 2S09
Dupont street , Z ) ears , Cbarrcs Carkon , 2024
Dupont street , 33 jears , Mrs. R. J , Brulport.
1310 Dorcas street , 34 years.
I.nxt In > for Protent * ,
Monday will be the last day on which
pretests can be filed with the Board of
Equalization. Property owners who are not
satisfied with the way In which they have
been treated by the MReseors should regis
ter their complaints at ouce. The board
win continue In session until Thursday ,
June 20 , but no protests will be received
after ( Monday , as 4he law requires three
days' notice to Interested parties before com
plaints are acted on.
Kodol Dygpepsla Cure completely digests
, 'ood within the stomach and Intestines and
renders nil clashes of food capable of being
atitmllatrd and converted Into strength glv-
lut and tissue building guidances.
Pour llo > n Are Arrented.
The police have four boys In custody , sus
pected of having broken Into the butter tub
factory of L. D , Vogel In Sheely The
thieves stole several pieces of braes from
machinery and cut up the belts for the pur
pose of getting the copper rivets The
boys who were arrested for the theft gave
the names of John and Peter Dargauskl ,
Mike Buggets and Brownson Karbonskl ,
All pleaded not guilty when arraigned
CnrliMi ( Irtii Off.
John Carlow , who was accused of bur
glar ) by John Rush , 1323 Martha street ,
was discharged by Judge Cordon Carlow
took a watch to a local Jewelry store to
have It repaired The Jeweler Identified it
as the property of a daughter of Mr Rush ,
and notified the police. Carlow explained
that be had tnkets It in over the counter
from one of the patrons cf the ijalocti
IlrenUk Open Snliioii.
Thieves entered the saloon of J C.
Tague. 3S02 Sherman avenue , Wednesday
night and extracted SO from the cash
drawer , On their wav out they appro-
rrliUd ecvrral bottlci of whliky ,
HIS MOST FAMOUS CLIENT
Lincoln's Defenea of Duff Armstrong and the
Almanac Episode of 1857.
BASIS OF MANY A THRILLING STORY
H MT n right Hnilril In n trlrtu1lilp
Mont Vnlunlilr tn \riimtrniiR
rninllj Imiirni'MiiK the
< * tnr Wltnr i > .
A few days ago In the lonely little village
of Ashland , not many miles from Springfield -
field , 111 , there died a man who but for the
fact of a personal acquaintance with n
great man would have departed this life
without attracting any more- attention than
thousands of other humble folks arc doing
c\ery day. As It K his death brings to
mind memories of a. name that Is near and
dear to the hearts of every true American.
The man who died was William ( alias )
Duff Armstrong , relates the St. Louis Re
public. The great man whom he knew was
Abraham Lincoln. The narrative of their
acquaintance follows Along In the jear
1S31 , when the man who was destined to
become president of the United States was
clerking In a grocery store at Old Salem ,
one Jack Armstrong living some ten miles
In the country had heard of the boaits
that old man Offut ( Lincoln's employer ) had
made concerning the physical prowess of
his clerk. Xow Jack considered himself a
good deal of a man In his locality , and any
man who had hU doubts on that point was
cither compelled to remove the doubts nr
prove the contrarj. So when Jack hoard
claims being put forth that there was a
good man In the neighborhood besides him
self ho undertook to ascertain the. truth
of the rumor by personal Investigation.
Gathering about him two of the Clary broth
ers , one Sain Hardy and one Alec Postle-
walte. all of the some stripe , and all Inti
mate friends of Armstrong , the party set out
for Old Salem to meet the common encmj
Abraham Lincoln.
llpRtnnliiK of n rrlemlnlilii.
Upon their arrival at the little store
where he was emplojed Armstrong and one ,
of the Clary boys entered the store , spoke
to Mr , Offut , the proprietor , and asked If
the tall , bony looking fellow- behind the
counter was Abe Lincoln Receiving a reply
In the affirmative. Armstrong Insisted on
an immediate test of strength Lincoln pro
tested that he made no claims to being
able to whip an ) body stated they had never
met before and there could not possibly be
an > thing between them , but Armstrong's
dander was up and he threatened to start
the scrimmage right then and there If Lin
coln would not come outside. rinally Lin
coln consented that he would go outside
and engage In three w refilling bouts , pro-
Mdlng It was to be friendly , the. man get
ting the best two falls out of three to be
declared the winner.
Armstrong felt sure of his ability to
handle Lincoln about as a dog would handle
a rat , which he thought would so aggravate
Lincoln that h , Armstrong , would then get
a "sure enough" fight , the kind he really
wanted. Out they went and with about ten
or twehe spectators the men began , holding
at arm's length. Lincoln at once proved his
Immense superiority by throwing his op
ponent flat on his back three times in quick
succession , and before Lincoln had time to
guard himself Armstrong's pala were coming
to his assistance from all eldcs.
Then It was that Armstrong proved him
self a man of more honor than his friends by
backing Lincoln squarely up against a tree )
and facing his adherents , declared that be
himself would knock down the first man
who laid hands on Lincoln. He declared that
Lincoln had pro\en himself the best man
of them all and that henceforth any man
who said an ; thing against him would either
have to prove it or take It back Thin ended
Lincoln's first introduction to the Arrrstrong
family Afterward he visited their home
many times , and , In fact , lived with them
for months at a time. During these vlflts
old Mrs Armstrong , known everywhere as
\unt Hannah , took a great Interest in "Abe"
and showed him many motherly kindnesses
which made an impression on him that
lasted the remainder of his life.
Passing over now about twenty jears we
come to the jear 1S57. Lincoln had become
a great lawjer , had been in congress and
was now a candidate for the United States
senate against Stephen A. Douglass , and
many there were even then who thought he
was some day destined to be president of the
United States. Old Jack Armstrong was
dead and Aunt Hannah was living almost in
poverty with her children on a little forty-
acre farm about nine miles from Mason C ty ,
111 , and about twenty miles from Old Salem.
Bowed down as Aunt Hannah was by the
death of her husband , It seemed that her
cup of sorrow was to be filled to overflowing ,
for on the very day of bis death her ton
Duff was arrested on a charge ut murder ,
with practicallj ever ) body belle\lng him
guilty and demanding that he pay the
penalty with his life. Duff was a very wayward -
ward boy Frequently he had been mixed
up in fights , and he had gone frrra bad to
worse until at the age of 23 he was In a
murderer's cell.
j The details of the crime for which he was
arrested are these On the e\enlng cf Sep
tember 27 , IBS" . Duff and another familiar
character by the narao of Jim Henrj Xor-
rls had gone to attend an old-fashioned
camp meeting which was being held in what
was local- called Dig Gro\e. Camp meetIngs -
Ings fifty years ago were materially different
In some respects from those held novva-
dajs.
In these da > s a man who disturbs a re
ligious meeting , whether In a church or In
a tent , IB pretty likely to have more business
on his hands than he can comfortably attend
to for several da > s to come and this business
usually calls for HFsessments without pros
pective dividends. But matters were not FO
straight-laced fifty jears ago Rowdies could
dlstui b meetings of most any sort with no
serious consequences save a few broken
heads for the combatants , and so It was that
camp meetings were attended by everbody ,
gocd , bad and Indifferent Nearby this par
ticular meeting there ' ' "
was a 'refreshment"
wagon from whl'h was dispensed air kinds of
"heavy" drinks. It was close to this wagon
that the murder occurred.
Htm AriimtroiiK'N Trouble Ileitnu.
The whole crowd bad been drinking heav
ily and Duff , becoming weary , had lain down
on a board to sleep and rest His friend
Norrls and Preston Mctzker. the man who !
was afterward killed , stood close by Metz
ker began tormenting Duff b > pulling him
off the board on which he was lying Duff
got angr ) and threatened dire vengeance if
he didn't desist Hut Metzker continuing ,
Duff got up and made for his man NorrU
also took a hand In the melee , vlth the
result that Metzker fell to the ground with1
two wounds , one In the forehead and one In
the back of the head The first , it hag al-
wa > s been contended , was Inflicted by Duff
with a s/ingbhot and the second by Norrls
with a neckjoke. Metzker died the next
night and the coroner's Jury held both men
to the grand Jury for murder. Both men
were then placed In Jail to await the next
term cf court at Havana , the county teat of
Mason count ) ,
In tlic course of time the case was called I
for trial , with William Walker , a lawyer of i
considerable local reputation , representing I
bath defendants. Ills first move ; was an cf-1
fort to secure separate trials for the de
fendants , and In thla he was tuccessful.
Norrls was tried first and sentenced to the
penitentiary for eight jears. In the Inter
vening month * prejudice against Armstrong
h d been grow Ins until It reached such pro
portions that his attorney concluded that 1C
would be ui'Mfe to try his client in Maon
tounty and therefore , secured n change of
venue to Caf county , the county * eat of
which w tlcardstonn. A few weeks later
the case was called far trial at the latter
place. Major Kullertoii , ttate attorney for
Mason county assisting the state attorney
of Cf * 3 county. William Walker , who had
defended Xorris at Havana , also appeared
for Armstrong , but In this trial he was on
asilttant only , the Cervices of Abraham l > .i-
coln having been cecurcd through the Inter *
cession of Duff's mother , and he appeared as
the leading attorney for t.he defence
for Old Time * ' SuWc.
The securing of Lincoln's services was a
great thing tor Armstrong. A few week'
b'fore the ease was called old Aunt Hannah ,
who was by this time worn out and broken
hearted , but still having n mother's love for
her boy , determined , If possible , to perure
the services of Abraham Lincoln In his de
fense. Leaving a sick bed ehe hitched up a
team to a farm wagon and started to drive
overland to Springfield , III , a distance of
forty-five miles , that she might Intercede
with Lincoln
Arriving nt Springfield late tti the after
noon she went atralght to Lincoln's office.
Although they had not met for more than
twenty jears , Lincoln Immediately recog
nized his friend of former days and received
her with a cordiality that must have been
healing to her bleeding heart. At once fhe
began her story. She had not gone far when
tears began trickling down Lincoln's cheeks ,
and from tfiat moment there was no doubt
In Vunt Hannah's mind that she had won
her case with him. After she had told him
her whole otory In her own way. she con
cluded by telling him she had forty acres of
land with which to pay his fee. Lincoln be
gan at the beginning and again went over
every Inch of the ground with her. and when
he had flni'hed on the points of the case ,
concluded with these words"Hannah , you
go home , keep your land and I will lee ) :
after jour boy" And how well he kept hU
word the records show.
In the trial of Duff , exactly the same evi
dence was Introduced as had been Intro
duced In the case against his partner ; Nor
rls. The evidence of the prosecution almost
wholly rested on the testimony of one man ,
Allen , by name , who swore that he was
standing -within sixty feet of the fracas
and plainly saw Duff strike Metzker with
ft slingshot on the forehead , and that Norrls
struck him on the back of the head Tvlth a
neckjoke. Asked by Lincoln how he could
see so plainly at a distance of twenty steps
the witness repHed "because It was bright
moonlight. "
The rnnioiiK Alninnnc Uitliioilr.
Lincoln then turning around in his chair ,
scanned the spectators and called to him a
man by the name of Jake Jones , whom he
requested to go to the nearest drug store
and procure an almanac , which he did. When
he returned Lincoln opened it at the date
of the murder and found in the almanac
there was no moon at all the hour the wit
ness had sworn the fatal blow was struck.
Stepping up to the Judge he submitted the
almanac to him for examination and later
In his address to the Jury Lincoln also sub
mitted it to them. This evidence proved
conclusively that the witness was either a
perjurer or badfy mistaken and In either
case the testimony of the witness should
have no weight.
In his argument to the Jur ) Lincoln made
almost wholly a sympathetic address His
appearance In the case had been brought
about by his love for an old friend and the
word he spoke came from the bottom of
his heart One point which he strongly
urged was that as the physicians who ex
amined the wounds of the murdered man
had all sworn that either blow would have
killed him and Norrls had already been
convicted of the crime , Armstrong ought note
o be punished for the same offense. At any
rate the Jury acquitted the defendant and
nobody , save him and'bis God , knows to this
day whether or not ho/struck the fatal blow.
Clnlm of Frnnd'\ot Suntnlnpil.
This can tie said of the story that Lincoln
use ! an almanac which -was in some way
a fraud , either by Inserting- bogus page
or the using of a covering from a "last
year's " almanac on ono of 'this j ear's. "
The principal witness swore It was moon
light at 11 o'clock on the night of Septem
ber 27 , 1857. The almanac brought to Lin
coln from the nearest drug store showed it
was dark , and so doei every other almanac
of the jear 1857 , which statement anjbody
who doubts It can verify by examining one.
There is now one In the possession of Hon
C. 11. Moore , Clinton , 111. , which verifies
this statement. In further explanation It
might be added that the murder was com
mitted in the Immediate vicinity of a large
camp flre , and If the witness was honest
in his testimony he had undoubtedly mis
taken the light from the campfire for
moonlight.
It Is the testimony of old settlers in the
vicinity of Beards-town and Ham am that
everybody knew of the almanac at the time
of the trial , but that nobody ever heard
of the alleged fraudulent feature of It un
til many years after the- trial , a fact of
itself which would prove there -was no
fraud , Judge H. C. Burnham , a very
learned and honorable citizen of Mason Cltj.
III. , held the Inquest on the body of the
murdered man the very night after the fntnl
blow was struck , and he states most posi
tively that , .there was no moonlight- 11
o'clock that night.
Back in Daniel Webster's time there was
a noted criminal lawer in the state of Ten
nessee by the name of Felix Grundy , who
Is alleged to have secured the acquittal of
a. criminal with a fraudulent almanac , and
It is more than likely that the allegation
of fraud against Lincoln Is nn outgrowth
of the Grundy case.
Some six years after this case was tried
old Aunt Hannah again had occasion * " .
appeal to Lincoln's generosity , and her ap
peal was not in viln At the outbreak
of the -war Duff had enlisted to fight for
his country , leaving his mother with a large
family of small children on her hands to
care for. In 1S63 , matters becoming des
perate with her , she wrote President Lin
coln , Jhklng for her son's release , and no
sooner was the request received than L'n-
coln telegraphed to Mrs Armstrong that her
son would be released at once
"Duff" Armstrong proved himself , In his
after life , to be worthy of the friendship of '
Lincoln , He died a good man
Mrdnlx for Ilrlnlit WrltorN ,
Awards have been made of the gold and
Blrver medals offered by the Humane society
for the best essays written by pupils of the
grade schools on kindness to animals The
contest was open to all .wplla in the city
under the High school and a vry luige
number of essas wan written. J'ne gold |
and five silver medals we-e given rind the
unsuccessful contestants will fah i revive a
booklet on the subject In which they Inter
ested themselves. These bcokrets anno.v
at the office of Superintendent Pearse The
gold medals were awarded t3 John Philip
Harnhart. Long school , Lilian Krost. LeavI I
enworth school , Norman C. Prince. Farnam
school , Anita Weaver , Omaha View school ,
Rose E Elmer , Lincoln school
Sllvur medals were awarded tomy Piter-
eon Mason school ; Stanley B Letoveky , j
Comeniiis school" ; Lottie Hamilton fcevcnth |
grade , school not given MarguerlU Banks ,
Leavenworth school , Edna Franklyn , sixth
grade , school not stated
How to Cure n Sprnln.
Last fall I sprained my left hip while
hancUIng some heavy boxes The doctor 1
called on said at first It was a slight strain
and would sean be well , but It grew worse
and the doctor then said I had rheumatism
It continued to grow woree and I could
hardly got around to work I went to a drug
itore and the druggist recommended me to
try Chamberlain's Pain Balm. I tried it and
one-halt of a 50-cent bottle cured me en
tirely , I now recommend It to all my
friends. F A. nabcock , Erie. Pa.
Ilullillnir I'erinll. .
The following building permits have been
Issued by the city building Inspector F D
Wesd , 2507 Burdette street , repairs. | 20j W
C , Patterson , Sout.Jj Thlny-uiiith avenue ,
double dwelling. J3.600.
TAXPAYERS FOOT THE BILLS
When Democratic Commissioners Seek to
Make Places for Their Favorite ! ,
COST OF PAYING POLITICAL DEBTS
Aililltlnnnl i\prit r at fU.IWO n Acnr
InvoHril In the riinnjtr In the
DrimrtinciM
Alone ,
Since the majority members of the Board
of County Commissioners have- succeeded in
engrafting a rejuvenated auditing depart
ment on the county pay roll to the unmixed
satisfaction of some of their friend * , who
are thus given lucrative posltlohs In the
county building , some of the county officials
have been doing a little figuring to ascer
tain Just what this political luxury will cost
the tnxpajers. The figures are easily se
cured and they Indicate that the cost of run
ning the county clerk's office and the audit
ing department has been Increased nearly
30 per cent
Under the old system the work of both
departments v.as accomplished at an expense
for clerk hire of J560 S3 a month. Under
the new arrangement the cost of running
the clerk's office Is | 393 a month for the
same Item and that of the auditing depart
ment Is J330.83. or a total of $725 83. This
makes the additional cost $165 per month ,
or $1,980 per ) ear. That these figures ate
correct is established by a comparison of
the pay roll for May with that which the
county will be compelled to pa ) from now
on. The Items for salaries In the office of
the county clerk for May are these :
Charles I * . H rrl , deputj- $ W.CO
John H TaU , auditor 112.50
II P. Demi , assistant iiudltor S3 31
AG. . Templeton , bookkeeper PO.OO
J L Llve ey. bookkeeper 7500
Mnrsaret J. Truland , clerk tO.OJ
Ldna H Gilltith , stenographer 50.00
Total . . $56053
Under the plan fathered by the majority
of the commissioners the work that was done
by Mr. Tatc In conjunction with his regular
duties in the clerk's office and with only the
assistance of Mr. Dcuel and Miss Truland Is
turned over to a bureau of four emploes ,
whose time is to be devoted exclusively to
the auditing of accounts and reports. The
divorce of the auditing department from
the clerk's office consequently eftects a sav
ing of the salaries of Mr. Deiiel and Miss
Truland , and this is Increased by a reduction
of $22.50 in the salary of Mr. Tatc , to
$165.83 per month , which practically rep
resents the cost of the auditing department
when it was conducted In connection with
the office of the coutity clerk. Under the
new arrangement this is what it costs-
Harry P. Deuel. auditor $11260
Halfdan Jacobin , assistant SI 33
W H O'Shauthie ] e ) , clfrU 7i 00
Margaret J Truland , clerk CO 10
Total JJ50 sj ,
The Increased cost of near ) } $2,000 a year
does not promltc any better results than
were obtainable under the more economical
svstem. It is even asserted that the audit
ing was done more satisfactorily under the
previous arrangement than It "an possibly
be done by a distinct department. The only
definite reason for the change appears In
the anxiety of the majority members of the
board to provide places for their political
friends and no one has been able to point
out anj other benefit that will result from
the change.
oin soimnn
StlrrlUK Picture of Their Spirit mill
nenrlnu In tlic Strcn of AVnr.
Here Is a private letter 'written to a New
England man by a member of Battery A ,
Utah light artilleiy United Stairs volun
teers , and published In the Springfield
( Mass ) Republican. It comes from the ccn-
\alesccnt hospital , Corregidor Island , Phil
ippine islands , under date of April 9. Thera
is In it a revelation of the spirit and qual
ity of the volunteer soldiers of the United
States that will move every reader No
army In the world contains better material
than this country has sent to fight th's war
in the distant cist. We quote
Dear Ralph A letter written in Mich
kind , generous words as jours and breath
ing so loal and earnest a spirit would have
touched me deeply at any time , anywhere ,
but today , with bodily weakness , In this
far country with thr Bound of battle
hardlj yet died away. It comes with a pe
culiar force. You have been ver ) gracious ,
Ralph.
Through the years jou have been % ery
mindful of the good ) ou found In othern
and in jour charity overlooked an else
You have struggled hard ) ourself I haw
the beginning of it In the
das jou have surmounted much since
then and are faithfully getting up some
where near your work , ) et jou pause to
day to wreathe laurel for another It Js
your heart offering , and as such I take H
not to mjself , or nnj man alone , but as
your tribute to the whole Eighth army
corps to those men who on the Manila
roads and in the Luzon rice fields fought
a desperate fight , asking no whjs or where
fores , who shook out the old flag further
from home than it had ever been before ,
performing a thankless duty , knowing full
wen the reward
The blame of those ye- better ;
Ihe hate of those ye guard
You pay jou are proud of being ; an
American How well I know jour patriot
ism and enthusiasm of old It was not
mere soldiery out here , it was incarnated
Americanism.
Svvepp all these regiments away and\at
random , blindly , vou could have gathered
the same tort , the same spirits , In any
btatc In the union , Not picked Common ,
everyday sort of boys , vlth no peculiar
virtue over others. It was simply theirs
to heve a privilege and opportunity that
other men at home , often by force of cir
cumstances , had mlpsed or been denied.
I would like to draw these men for jou.
not as Individuals , but as a ivpe , a kind of
composite It would be from my lecollec-
tlon of many regiments as I saw thc'n
come Into action , but I have not fitting
words. The common Ideal of a soldier
would be destroyed by a mere glimpse of
him as he was A gray slouch hat shading
the grimy sweat-streaked face a dark blue
flannel shirt and web cartridge belt , preaty
field pants and dirt-brown legging
I would draw him when the first nervous
flush had passed away when the face gi w
stole rigid and set when the click-clack
of gunlocks became a clear , steady under
tone amid air the deeper din when he
threw the long Springfield up with a grim
smile and became Indifferent to all things
save the one thing.
All bell couldn't conquer him then. I
mention the Infuntrjman he would per
haps best serve as a type , for , as always ,
he formed the bulk of the armj , he made
up the long , thin skirmish lines that awajed
forward flopped and crouched and laid
down to fbcape the terrific flre , leaped
rushed , fell leaped again forward , iiome-
times slowly and doggedly always surelj
If however , my personal experiences an !
the thought of comrades were to Influence
me. I would more rcadll ) select an artilrery-
man for portrayal not that he was always
nearebt at hand , for at the crisis of Uie
battle of Februarj 5 Infantrymen were Ijlng
In the road dust at our ver ) gun wheels ,
but the battery boys were the onfs I knew
the beet with shirt sleeves rolled to the el
bow and skin blackened with powder , look
ing half fiend and half man Death was
among them at the start A man cnlirly
hands a shrapnel to the gunner and on ihe
Instant falls face forward , he Is rolled over ,
a pallor IB on the face , a blood blotch on
the forehead dead , so qulckl ) does the
call come to some
A man staggers from the piece and
clutches at his breast "Are ) ou hit. John ? "
"Onry a flesh wound , " he answers , and dies
after a whole day of pain ao do Home men
suffer A cannoneer steps aside , unbuttons
bis shirt , sees where a Mauser has made
a red furrow across the chest laughs and
returns to his post so close do some men
come and escape I have sera man ) make
the last sacrifice , and sometimes looking
down Into a familiar face , have for the mo
ment felt that glory was a hideous thine ,
and let. Raich. It Jt * r t Drivilea to
J
When the children's best clothes come from the
wash with the colors faded and streaked , and with worn
spots showing in places where there should be no wear ,
then you may know that your laundress is using some
thing besides Ivory Soap.
You can save trouble and expense by furnishing her
with Ivory Soap , and insisting that she use it and noth
ing else. The price of one ruined garment will buy
Ivory Soap sufficient for months.
COPTfttOHr IBM BY THE FNOC1IM 1 GAMBLt CO CINCINNATI
have seen men die so The memory of it
will make one stronger and better You
arc. of course , Interested In knowing what
part of the field 1 was on I served on ono
of the two Nordcnfclt guns that took the
San Juan bridge and held open the road to
the water works. It was one of the hell
spots.
The First Nebraska Infantr ) i-upportcd us
splendid , re elute fellows tbrv were
Utah and Nebraska went up the slope to
gether , took the Deposlto and rested that
night the pxtreme advance. On the next
afternoon captured the pumping station
and went Into camp The day after I was
one of the many victims of sunstroke rind
was taken back to the division hospital.
Went back to battery , and. after three
weeks' desultory fighting had a relapse ,
was again taken back to Manila and thence
down here to Corregidor , where the sea
breeze and salt air promise to do more than
medicine i
It Is a pleasant thought ft at Just at this
time , after an Intcival of jears , a letter
fchould come from oie who knew r.ie In
student dajs You say our wajs focu ed
once Yes , and jou received j-our best in
spiration from that same heroic man who
touched my life more dcepfy than anj other
man has done To have known him nt ihJ
same time and place Is to have had con
siderable In common , aside from anything
else we experienced together. Yon have
met manj' men since then , Kome of the
wend s great men , perhaps , and jet not so
great as he was You ta ) regretfully that
jou now have nothlnr In common with me
as a soldier You are mistaken Theie is
no community of deed , but certainly com-
munlfy of spirit , otherwise jou could not
have written as earnestlj' as jou have. And
In many cases the spirit Is ever ) thing.
MVI > G I > TUB KLO.MJIK1' .
Some or HIP Method * by Whleh I.lfc
In .Siintniiioil There.
One of the pioneer gold seekers Dr
Sweeney was fortunate in meeting was
George W. Carmack , the discoverer of the
Klondike , and from him he gathered much
interesting Information concerning the hab-
itn of the Indian tribes on the Yukon and ,
the white men who long before the dls-j
covery of the treasure hidden beneath the
frozen mines and gravel of the Klondike [
valley lived with them and shared the hard
'
ships'of their dally life.
"Some of the things that Carmack told
me , " said Dr. Sweeney to a Seattle Post
reporter , "were entirely new to me and all
very Interesting. One of the things I have '
aiwas been anxious to know was how the )
white men lived who hunted and trapped
along the Yukon in the da.s when It was (
thousands of miles to the trading posts and
civilization. Carmack explained to me.
" 'We were compelled , ' he said , 'to do Just
as the Indians did. In the summer time , (
beside game and fish , we ate berries , for ,
Alaska is the home of all eorls of berries j
And beside these , we obtainel other sub- ,
elltutes for the vegetables of civilization.
The principal of these were grass roots ,
certain small bulbs or tubers and the In
side bark of various trees
" 'In the winter we ate fish , meat and
berries , -which the squaws dried In the sum
mer and stored away Then also the llttlo
bulbs I have mentioned came in very handy.
I have forgotten now what they were called ,
but they , as all old Alaska men know , form
the principal food of the timber squirrels
of that country during the winter
" 'It was by rifling the hoards of these
little animals that we obtained our supply
of the bulbs In the winter. Their hoards
are aluajs to be found In a solitary spruce
tree in a thicket of stunted pines. That wag
the way in which wo located them. Tha
reason for this I never knew.
" 'As a substitute for bread-of course tha
Indians had no flour we ate a species of
pudding made of the blood of the game we
killed , boiled with dried berries and some
times with the little bulbs from the squirrel
boards'
"I asked Carmack how the Indians Ic
those davs obtained salt for their meat.
Every one Knows that to a white man. at
Icist , salt Is a nere'sltj and not a meu
flavoring matter In answer Carmack tolJ
mo something that was entirely ne\v to me ,
He said that the Indians made It a practice
not to throw away the water In which the )
boiled their meat , but allowed It to remain
In the kettle. In course of a short time , he
told me , the water or broth would beconu
c\trctno salty and could then be main
tained at whatever degree of salincnes *
deemed desirable by the adrtlibn of fresr
water to replace same of the salt brett
dipped out and thrown away"
Mo * e to ninnilK * KIIO'M Unit.
NEW YORK. June 22 A motion was
made in the court of general sessions to-
dav to dismiss the bail of John C Eno , for
mer president of the Second National bank ,
who defaulted for $3.000.000 of the bank's
money and fled to Cunada There were
twelve indictments found against Eno Juno
11 1SM ! Eno came back from Canada Feb
ruary 1. ! S'i3. after his father had made
good the loss to th hank , and was ad-
mlttrd to $10.000 ball , his bond being fur
nished by Benjamin Knovver and J. Hicks
Bloodgood of this cltj' . The district attor-
ncj's office made the application for the
dismissal of ball stating that the defend
ants bad never dlsnlaycd any Intention to
avoid the Jurisdiction of the court. A let
ter from the officials of the Second National
bank was presented. In which they stated
that they would be satisfied with any dis
position of the case the court might make.
The Judge took the papers
Fltriintrloti'n Murderer I > cnpfK.
ST LOUIS. June 22 A special to the
Post-Dlsj-atch from Cairo , 111 , sas Re
ports from Mound City say that Mike Tobln ,
who jestcrday shot and Killed Major Fltz-
patrlck. has not jet been captured. Pobdes
are still searching for him , and it Is possi
ble that bo has given them the slip.
Four young ladles , vvuo earn their own
riving , will take vacations at Tne Bee' * ex
pense. Help jour frlfinds by savtnc coupons.
Eyes are
Accommodating
The11 fee maybe quite well ,
through a pair of glasses you
pick from a basket but na
ture beat * a sheriff in forc
ing a collection of her debt *
and fitting one's self to glasses
Is risky terribly risky the
assurance that wo give you
of furnishing the proper
glasses places jou bejond all
risk Free ee examination ,
THE AIDE & PENfOLD CO. ,
Lending Scientific Optician * .
1408 Farnam. OMAHA.
OPPOSITE PAXTON HOTEL.
It is a Well Known Fact-
That we sell pianos on Mich oah.r terms
Hint the pn.rmcutii Btrotoh out Hko a
coupon railroad tle-kot Things that .vou
should remember That \u > have only
ono prUc You pay no inoro when you
buy f Kim us on time than If jou paid
us nil cat-h That WP harp ovpr thirty
rtlfCprpnt niafcps , Including Mirh pianos
as the Knaho Klmball Kranlch and
Hnch Hallct and Iavi and IIoipo
pianoK , that harp won their hl.rh ) Maud-
ins h.v actual merit ,
A. HOSPE ,
W eelebrate our 26tb builneM
Oct. 23rd , 180D.
Mnsic and Art 1513 Dougla * .
A Cure Forjngrowlng Nails
The Xew Man Tashlon Shoes for
women folks do the business Not only
because they sl\o Ihe teem for the tooi
to lie on the sole of the shoo as natuio
Intended they should but because they
arc the most fashionable for women's
foot covering' . Ono of the most saleable
of thefee boots is a dark tan duiker
than usual at &I.OO thlh one Is
! duplicated in n bind ; \lel. also . : - ) . < * ) -At
1 $4.00 per pair. In the most extensive line
of all All the different fchadoK of
leather In this prleo ehofs fiom the jel-
lowebt yellow to the blackest black.
Drexel Shoe Co. ,
Uptot Shoe
ISilO FARNAM STREET.
fejirlnnr Catalogue nnvr
Scut tor tb